Application of IT and Is

Application of IT and IS
By:Prof.SAMEER JAIN
National Institute of Construction Management and Research,Pune
Campus
12/11/2019 Compiled By: Prof.SAMEER JAIN ( Slides 1

use for Educational Purpose only)
THE SOFTWARE THAT COMPANIES ARE USING
THROUGHOUT THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
SOFTWARE IN USE
WORKFLOW SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTED MOST

RECENTLY

SOFTWARE PROVIDERS THAT OFFER
MOBILE APPS

What accounting software are construction
companies using?
Sage® software solutions provide

versatile options for builders of all sizes,
making it the most used accounting
software .
Viewpoint was the second most popular
accounting software reported this year.

What prequalification software are
contractors using?
PREQUAL SOFTWARE

What software are builders using for
estimating and takeoff?

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN GLOBAL
BUSINESS TODAY

Worldwide IT spending is projected to
total $3.7 trillion in 2018, an increase of
6.2 percent from 2017, according to the
latest forecast by Gartner, Inc.

Worldwide IT Spending Forecast (Billions of
U.S. Dollars)

INDIA IT AND BUSINESS SERVICES
MARKET TO REACH US$ 13.9 BILLION BY
DECEMBER 2019: IDC INDIA REPORT
Source: https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prAP44473618

 The India IT & Business Services market is expected to reach US$
12.9 billion by the end of 2018, up by 6.9% annually.
 It is further expected to register an annual growth rate of 7.9% and
reach US$ 13.9 billion by the end of 2019.

IDC classifies the IT Services market into three
categories
IDC : International
Data Corporation
IH : First Half Yearly
Source :IDC 2018

What Is an Information System?
 Data: Streams of raw facts representing

events such as business transactions.
 Information: Clusters of facts that are

meaningful and useful to human beings in
the processes such as making decisions.

What Is an Information System?
Data and Information

What is an Information
System?
A set of interrelated components
Collect, Process, Store, and Distribute
information
to support
decision making and control
in an organization

Data vs. Information
 Data
• A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a
picture
• Represents something in the real world
• The raw materials in the production of information
 Information
• Data that have meaning within a context
• Data in relationships
• Data after manipulation
Data, Information, and Systems

Activities in an Information System
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
FEEDBACK

Operations management principles
 Managing the conversion of various

kinds of inputs into outputs referred to
as operations management
• process design: designing the layout of the
process and the equipment and human
resources required to deliver the process;
• planning and control: ensuring that business
processes run efficiently and effectively in
practice;
• maintenance and improvement: preventing
or reducing failure and continually improving
business processes.
 Internet technologies can
• improve the flexibility of product or service
provision PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT
• increase the capacity for production or

service provision; and/or
• reduce costs per unit produced or provided.

Conceptual Framework of Information Retrieve and
Reuse in
Construction Projects
 Information is an asset of organizations, proper reuse of information

could reduce project time and cost, and improve management
performance. Though information is more crucial than ever in
construction project management, construction information is
scattered in construction projects and each construction project is
managed independently and separately, and construction information
is usually lost in each phase of projects.

Information classification and information loss in
construction projects
 Information in project management involves all data and

experiences during construction. Construction information
includes explicit and implicit information. Explicit
information is collected in written format while implicit
information exits in human mind.

Information loss in construction projects

Conceptual framework of information retrieve and reuse
 The conceptual framework is to propose an effective way for retrieve

explicit and implicit information from projects and sharing/reusing
information among project participants. The main components of the
conceptual framework are the sources of project information, the
information bases for projects, and the project portal.
 The sources of project information : The sources of information are
from internal projects, external projects, and organizations. The
sources in this framework consist of process information of projects,
document information of projects, and implicit information, while each
source has an information base for retrieving and storing information
from projects and organizations.

Conceptual framework of information retrieve and reuse

Information retrieve and reuse process
 The project information retrieve and reuse process is modeled by

IDEF (Integrated Definition) method. IDEF methodology is a suite of
modeling methods that facilitate the address of data modeling needs in
an organization to support its business.
 The modeling process consists of five functions: retrieve information,

digitize information, validate information, build information central
base of projects, share and reuse information.

Retrieve information
 The information retrieve and reuse system is based on web technology

which will facilitate information communication. The system inputs
are both explicit and implicit information. Explicit information
involves documents, reports, minutes, contracts, specifications,
drawings, and schedules. Implicit information involves experiences,
skills, organizations and structures, cultures, tradition, customs, and
rationales.

Digitize information
 Only electronic-format information can be spread broadly

and easily. Traditional written-documents should be
digitized through scanning, standardizing, and formatting.
Project documents and images would be indexed,
numbered and extracted properly.

Validate information
 Validation is the review of the retrieved information to

ensure the accuracy of information. Any construction
information would be checked and validated before it is
stored in information central base.

Build information central base
 Information central base, which is a common share

component, is designed to store information. Once new
information is added, the index of the information and
other information such as extractions and details will be
added.

Share and reuse information
 To facilitate sharing and reusing construction information,

the information will be available through internet by
accessing to the information central base. Comprehensive
search functions are necessary when the construction
information could be reused effectively.

Process of Information retrieve and
reuse in Projects

THE EVOLUTION IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
 An information system is a conceptual system that enables managers to control

and monitor a firm’s physical systems used to transform input resources into
output resources

Transaction Processing Systems
 A transaction processing systems is shown in Figure 1.8

 It gathers data from the firm’s physical system and environment and
enters it into its database
 The software also transforms the data into information for the firm’s
managers and other individuals in the firm’s environment

Management Information Systems
 Management information systems (MIS) transform the data in frontline

systems, such as transaction processing systems into information useful to
managers
 Typical MIS modules are report-writing software, and models that can
simulate firm operations
 Information from the MIS is then used by organizational problem solvers as
an aid in decision-making, as illustrated in Figure 1.9
 Firms can also interact with suppliers or others to form inter organizational
information systems (IOS), in which the MIS supplies information to the
other members of the IOS as well as the firm's users

Virtual Office Systems
 Office automation - the use of electronics to facilitate communication,

began with word processing
 Subsequent applications include electronic mail, voice mail, electronic
calendaring, and audio and video conferencing
 These personal productivity systems now account for a large portion of
a firm's use of the computer as a communications vehicle
 With improvements in networking, the concept of a virtual office has
developed, in which office activities can be performed without the
need for an employee to be in a specific location

Decision Support Systems (DSS)
 A DSS is a system used to assist managers in making decisions to help

solve a specific problem
 Figure 1.10 shows the 3 sources for the information to be delivered to
users: a relational database, a knowledge base, and a multidimensional
database
 Two additional types of DSS-related software are:
 group decision support systems: used in aiding a group of managers
work out decisions, and
 artificial intelligence: in which a program is created for a computer to
logically analyze a problem on its own

Using Decision Support Systems
 Decision support systems involve the use of following types of analytical

modeling—
 What-if analysis :Observing how changes to selected variables affect other
variables .
 Sensitivity analysis :Observing how repeated changes to a single variable
affect other variables .
 Goal-seeking analysis : Making repeated changes to selected variables
until a chosen variable reaches a target value .
 Optimization : Finding an optimum value for selected variables given
certain constraints .

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM
A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is a type of

information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves
the data transactions of an enterprise.

Transaction Processing Functions
1. Book Keeping- keeping accurate records of a firm’s business transactions

2. Data Gathering – TPS gathers data that describes firm’s internal actions and
environmental transactions .Assigning specific responsibility for data gathering . Key
function for IS accuracy
3. Data Editing –
4. Data Manipulation- classification , sorting ,calculating , summarizing the data
5. Data storage – stored securely until needed for usage –reliable storage media
6. Issuance- refers to production of such documents as reqd. by individuals . Generation
of document not needing any complex logic of computation. These are generally schedule
or event driven
7. Information documents – documents to verify ,confirm /prove the transactions occurred
eg. Sales receipt , order confirmations ,customer invoices etc
8. Turnaround documents – Documents used as output and input forms simultaneously
.An Invoice can be used as turnaround document which gets the feedback of the customer
,to be fed in another set of data .
9. Error reports – record of errors occurred in recording of transactions
10. Control reports – detailed listing that describe each transaction occurring during
specific time period . Also called transaction logs . Eg, Payroll register, a journal a cash
register.
Management Information
Systems
 Provides support to managers as they work to achieve
corporate goals.
 Enables managers to compare results to established company

goals and identify problem areas and opportunities for
improvement.

Outputs of a
Management Information System
 Inputs: Information from the TPS

 Outputs: hard and softcopy reports
1. Scheduled reports
 – Produced periodically, or on a schedule (daily, weekly, monthly)
2. Key-indicator report
 – Summarizes the previous day’s critical activities
 – Typically available at the beginning of each day
3. Demand report
 – Gives certain information at a manager’s request
4. Exception report
 – Automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires
management action

Scheduled Report Example

Differences in System
Characteristics

Technology
 Information technology is one of many tools managers use to cope with
change.
 Computer hardware is the physical equipment used for input, processing,
and output activities in an information system. It consists of the following:
computers of various sizes and shapes (including mobile handheld
devices); various input, output, and storage devices; and
telecommunications devices that link computers together.
 Computer software consists of the detailed, preprogrammed instructions
that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an
information system.
 Data management technology consists of the software governing the
organization of data on physical storage media.

Contd..
 Networking and telecommunications technology, consisting of both
physical devices and software, links the various pieces of hardware
and transfers data from one physical location to another. Computers
and communications equipment can be connected in networks for
sharing voice, data, images, sound, and video. A network links two or
more computers to share data or resources, such as a printer.
 The World Wide Web is a service provided by the Internet that
uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting,
and displaying information in a page format on the Internet. Web
pages contain text, graphics, animations, sound, and video and are
linked to other Web pages.

Components of an
Information System

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
 A construction project involves many parts including architect,

engineer, contractor, provider, project conductor, technician, owner,
etc. lots of information need to be used repeatedly among them, but it
is still now transferred as well as many years before using artificial
mode.
 Furthermore, different communicating medium and modes increase
the difficulty, sometimes the information is inaccurate and lingering.
And the long distance or overseas fax really wastes money, some
international construction companies find that collecting, keeping and
renovating the information about overseas construction spot cost too
much.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
 To conquer the spatial distance between construction spot and the

leadership, Telnet and FTP provide a good solution. The departments
who are at the spot could use a personal computer connecting to the
local internet server, and control the information through the telnet.
 The web as a plat could make the information transmission more
effective, quicker and more exact and also could carry out information
track. Compared with the traditional communication mode, the use of
information technology could improve the efficiency of information
management as well as reduce the cost

Information, Decisions and
Management
12/11/2019 Compiled By: Prof.SAMEER JAIN 54

( Slides use for Educational
Levels of Management
Decision Making
 Strategic – group of executives develop
overall organizational goals, strategies,
policies, and objectives as part of a
strategic planning process

Decision Making
 Tactical – managers and business

professionals in self-directed teams
develop short- and medium-range plans,
schedules and budgets and specify the
policies, procedures and business
objectives for their subunits

Decision Making
 Operational – managers or members of

self-directed teams develop short-range
plans such as weekly production
schedules

Information Quality
Definition:
 Information products whose characteristics,
attributes, or qualities make the information
more value.

MIS vs. DSS

Business Intelligence

Decision Support Systems
(DSS)
Definition:
 Provide interactive information support to
managers and business professionals during
the decision-making process
• Analytical models (Model Base)
• Specialized databases
• A decision maker’s own insights and judgments
• An interactive, computer-based modeling process
Management Information
Systems (MIS)
Definition:
 An information system that produces
information products that support many
of the day-to-day decision-making needs
of managers and business professionals

Management Reporting
Alternatives
 Periodic Scheduled Reports
 Exception Reports
 Demand Reports and Responses
 Push Reporting

Online Analytical Processing
(OLAP)
Definition:
 Enables mangers and analysts to interactively
examine and manipulate large amounts of detailed
and consolidated data from many perspectives.

Analytical Operations
 Consolidation – aggregation of data
 Drill-down – detail data that comprise

consolidated data
 Slice and Dice – ability to look at the

database from different viewpoints

OLAP Technology

Using DSS
 What-if Analysis – end user makes changes to
variables, or relationships among variables, and
observes the resulting changes in the values of
other variables.
 Sensitivity Analysis – value of only one variable

is changed repeatedly and the resulting changes in
other variables are observed.

Using DSS
 Goal-Seeking – set a target value for a variable
and then repeatedly change other variables until
the target value is achieved.
 Optimization – goal is to find the optimum value

for one or more target variables given certain
constraints then one or more other variables are
changed repeatedly until the best values for the
target variables are discovered.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Definition:
 A field of science and technology based on
disciplines such as computer science, biology,
psychology, linguistics, mathematics, and
engineering.
 Goal is to develop computers that can simulate

the ability to think, as well as see, hear, walk, talk,
and feel.

Attributes of Intelligent
Behavior
 Think and reason
 Use reason to solve problems
 Learn or understand from experience
 Acquire and apply knowledge
 Exhibit creativity and imagination
 Deal with complex or perplexing situations
 Respond quickly and successfully to new situations
 Recognize the relative importance of elements in a
situation
 Handle ambiguous, incomplete, or erroneous information.

Domains of Artificial
Intelligence

Cognitive Science
Definition:
 Focuses on researching how the human brain
works and how humans think and learn.

Robotics
Definition:
 Robot machines with computer intelligence and
computer controlled, human like physical
capabilities.

Natural Interfaces
Definition:
 Includes natural language, speech recognition,
and the development of multisensory devices that
use a variety of body movements to operate
computers.

Expert Systems
Definition:
 A knowledge-based information system that uses
its knowledge about a specific, complex
application to act as an expert consultant to end
users.

Expert System Components
 Knowledge Base – facts about specific subject
area and heuristics that express the reasoning
procedures of an expert.
 Software Resources – inference engine and other

programs refining knowledge and communicating
with users.

Expert System Benefits
 Faster and more consistent than an expert
 Can have the knowledge of several experts
 Does not get tired or distracted by overwork or stress
 Helps preserve and reproduce the knowledge of experts

Expert System Limitations
 Limited focus
 Inability to learn
 Maintenance problems
 Developmental costs

Expert System Categories
 Decision Making  Selection/Classification
• buy/sell • Tell me what you see, expert
• risk/no risk system figures out what it really
• rain/no rain is...
 Trouble Shooting /  Process Monitoring and Control
Diagnosis • Robot control, assembly-line
• Hello welcome to
control, missile control
Dell; how can I help  Design/Configuration
you? • Specify what you want, expert
• Suddenly an idiot system figures out specifically
seems like an expert. how to do it.

Neural Networks
Definition:
 Computing systems modeled after the brain’s
mesh-like network of interconnected
processing elements, called neurons.

Fuzzy Logic
Definition:
 Method of reasoning that resembles human
reasoning since it allows for approximate values
and inferences and incomplete or ambiguous data
instead of relying only on crisp data.

Genetic Algorithms
Definition:
 Software that uses Darwinian, randomizing, and
other mathematical functions to simulate an
evolutionary process that can yield increasingly
better solutions to a problem.

Virtual Reality (VR)
Definition:
 Computer-simulated reality that relies on multisensory
input/output devices such as a tracking headset with video
goggles and stereo earphones, a data glove or jumpsuit
with fiber-optic sensors that track your body movements,
and a walker that monitors the movement of your feet.

Radio Frequency Identification
RFID
• RFID is a new generation technology for data capture and communication,

which is being used effectively in modern businesses.
• This technology uses radio communication to uniquely identify and
transmit data relating to an item, object, or an individual media.
RFID Hardware Components

• RFID Tags
• Active – have internal power source
• Passive – require power from external source
• RFID Reader
• Reads or communicates with the reader

Functioning of RFID

Summary
 Information systems can support a variety of
management decision-making levels
including strategic, tactical and operational
as well as structured, semi structured and
unstructured.
 Decision support in business is changing,

driven by rapid developments in end user
computing and networking.

Summary
 Management information systems provide
prespecified reports and responses to managers on
a periodic, exception, demand, or push reporting
basis, to meet their need for information to
support decision making.
 Online analytical processing interactively

analyzes complex relationships among large
amounts of data stored in multidimensional
databases.

Summary
 Data mining analyzes the vast amounts of
historical data that have been prepared for
analysis in data warehouses .
 Decision support system are interactive,

computer-based information systems that use
DSS software and a model base and database to
provide information tailored to support semi
structured and unstructured decisions faced by
individual managers.

Summary
 Executive information systems are easy to use and enable
executives to retrieve information tailored to their needs
and preferences.
 Enterprise information and knowledge portals provide a

customized and personalized Web-based interface for
corporate intranets to give their users easy access to a
variety of internal and external business applications,
databases, and information services that are tailored to
their individual preferences and information needs.

Summary
 The goal of artificial intelligence is the
development of computer functions normally
associated with human physical and mental
capabilities.
 Expert systems are knowledge-based information

systems that use software and a knowledge base
about a specific, complex application area to act
as expert consultants to users in many business
and technical applications.

Mobile computing for Information
management on
Construction sites

Introduction
 In recent years, construction information management has greatly
benefited from advances in Information and Communications Technology
(ICT) through increasing the speed of information flow, enhancing the
efficiency and effectiveness of information communication, and reducing
the cost of information transfer. Current ICT support has been extended to
construction site offices. However, construction projects typically take
place in the field where construction personnel have difficulty in gaining
access to conventional information systems for their information
requirements. The advances in affordable mobile devices, the increase in
wireless network transfer speeds and the enhancement in mobile
application performance, mean that mobile computing has a great
potential to improve on-site construction information management.

Problems in construction site information management
 The construction industry is an information-intensive

industry since hundreds and thousands of pieces of
information need to be transferred and exchanged during
the project life-cycle. There are many research efforts that
focus on the design, development and practices of
construction information management systems, such as
Electronic Document Management (EDM) systems
Groupware Systems , Knowledge Management systems,
Web-based Project Management systems and
Collaborative systems.

On-site information management objective
 The key objective of using mobile computing on construction
sites is the integration of information management between site
offices and construction work sites. The integration of on-site
information management with project information systems
ensures that project team members can have real-time
information retrieval and transfer on construction work sites.
With the support of mobile computing technologies, they can
use mobile computers, such as Pocket PCs or Tablet PCs, with
the connection to wireless networks to access project
information or personal information stored in remote computers
and servers that are normally fixed in site offices. Therefore,
construction information can be retrieved, processed, collected
and transferred digitally by project team members on work sites
and automatic information management activities are possible.

Framework for Information Management on
Construction Sites

Application Model for
Management Information on
Construction sites

 Description of the Model was discussed
in the class. Refer a class Notes.

Internet of Things

‘Internet of Things’ (IoT)
 The ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) is an emerging technology that

enables interaction of uniquely identifiable computing devices
that can be embedded with other interfaces like machines and
humans, linked via wired and wireless networks, to capture
contextual data from the environment it has been exposed to
and create an information network to provide new
functionalities and digital business models. It is also popularly
referred to by the abbreviated name of ‘IoT’.

S-E-N-S-E framework
 The five key attributes based on the ‘S-E-N-S-E’ framework
(Goldman Sachs) that distinguish the IoT from the regular form of
Internet are:
 Sensing - Leveraging sensors to generate contextual data.
 Efficient - Enhances efficiency in productivity terms by adding
intelligence to ‘things’.
 Networked - Creates a network of ‘things’.
 Specialized - Ultimate use is focused on domain-based specialized
offerings.
 Everywhere - Can be deployed everywhere for a ubiquitous
presence as per objectivity of use.

Potential Applications of the Internet of Things
 With the IoT we can design connected cars that capture

contextual data from the fuel tank and combine it with the
average driving trend to provide smart indicators that can
inform us in advance about predictive fuel usage and when
to refuel the vehicle.
 IoT-enabled health checks of the automotive components,
GPRS-based location monitoring, crash prevention with
car-to-car smart communication on busy highways, travel-
route optimization with real-time traffic analysis and
driverless communication are some of the promising
features of IoT-enabled cars.

Potential smart services with the

IoT

 We have smart watches today that help to monitor and report the
physical activities of humans as well as critical health parameters like
blood pressure, heart rate, etc. Remote patient monitoring with IoT-
enabled wearable medical devices is a promising digital service that
can revolutionize the healthcare industry. For example, patients with
heart ailments, diabetes and kidney problems can be remotely
monitored by doctors from data generated by the IoT-enabled wearable
or implanted devices on such patients for decision-based health data
analysis and medication.
 With the IoT, specific healthcare solutions can be provided like round-
the-clock blood glucose level monitoring and automated injection of
insulin in a patient’s blood by insulin pumps implanted in the patient’s
body, based on variations of glucose levels remotely monitored by
doctors.

 We can have various kinds of IoT applications in the retail
industry like wireless sensor-based monitoring of customer
behavior in retail outlets that can help the retail owners to
understand specific consumer behavior and product choices.
Based on these data the retail owners can display popular
products on the selves, replacing slow-moving products for
fast sells. Other IoT solutions for retail can be smart carting
facilities to track the items selected by the customers for
automated payment and billing through the customers’
smart phones. The IoT can help to implement such business
models and can provide retail outlets with no POS counters.

 Smart traffic systems can be enabled with the IoT in a city traffic
network to determine traffic flows and to make necessary decisions
for diverting traffic to avoid congestion and chaos. Governments
and city police can utilize the data gathered over specific time
periods from smart traffic systems to decide on infrastructure
requirements for smooth traffic movements across the city network.
 Smart cities will have IoT-enabled services like water management
and distribution, energy generation and transmission, logistics,
garbage disposal and management, smart street-lighting systems,
citizen-connected healthcare, smart surveillance and security
systems, e-governance systems and other smart services.

Digital Communication Media for IoT
 Internet : The Internet is the most popular digital communication medium. The
Internet Protocol (IP) is “a set of technical rules that defines how computers
communicate over a network.” Two versions of IP that are currently in use are IP
version 4 (IPV4) and IP version 6 (IPV6).
 IPV4 was deployed in 1981. It can provide for about four billion Internet addresses.
These are 32 bits long. IPV4 addresses consist of a network portion and a host
portion that depends on five different address classes: A, B, C, D and E.
 IPV6 was deployed in 1999. It can provide for about 2128 billion Internet
addresses. IPV6 addresses are 128 bits long, with 64 bits for the network and 64
bits for the host.
 Due to global demand for Internet addresses over last two decades, IPV4-based
Internet addresses are being consumed at a fast rate. As a result, the inventory of
available IPV4 addresses will eventually be exhausted. The projected growth of
‘Things’ will require more Internet addresses to connect these ‘Things’ over the
Internet. To meet this demand, we have to utilize IPV6-based Internet addresses
that allow for a much larger address pool that IPV4. As a result, we will have a mix
of IoT devices that are either IPV4-based or IPV6-based, or have an option for
either. This might lead to interoperability
12/11/2019 issues for IoT
Compiled By: Prof.SAMEER JAINdevices. Standardization
106 in
the design of IoT devices can address thisfor
( Slides use issue.
Educational
 6LoWPAN
 The Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (LoWPAN) is a low-cost
network that “allows wireless connectivity in applications with limited power and
relaxed throughput requirements.” 6LoWPAN is an acronym for ‘IPV6 over Low-
Power Wireless Personal Area Network’. This networking technology allows IPV6
packets to be carried efficiently by devices conforming to IEEE 802.15.4 standards.
6LoWPAN network devices are characterized by their short range, low bit rate and
low power consumption. An example of such devices are wireless sensors that can
work together to create large mesh networks and connect the physical environment
to real-world applications.
 Modbus
 Modbus is a serial communication protocol for industrial devices and an enabler for
the Industrial IoT (IIoT). It is an open protocol and follows a master-slave model
whereby the ‘master’ device requests information and the ‘slave’ device supplies
the information. Modbus can be used in supervisory control and data acquisition
systems.
 Zigbee
 Zigbee is a standard for low-power mesh networks based on IEEE 802.15.4 standards. It can be used
in indoor as well as outdoor IoT solutions. The first Zigbee specification was made available by the
Zigbee Alliance in 2005. Zigbee 3.0 allows wireless interoperability of products from different
manufacturers who are approved through a certification scheme. Zigbee operates in the 2.4 GHz
radio band, which is available for use globally without a license, so applications using Zigbee are
portable to any global location. Non-routing devices using the Zigbee standard can run on power
supplies like batteries or solar cells, or can utilize Zigbee Green Power. For secured, over-the-air
transfer of information, Zigbee utilizes AES128 encryption.
 Bluetooth Low Energy

 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network designed by the Bluetooth Special
Interest Group. It can enable short-burst wireless connections in various network topologies, like the
point-to-point (P2P) topology for one-to-one device communication, the broadcast topology for one-
to-many device communication or the mesh topology for many to many device communications.
BLE supports major mobile-computing platforms like iOS, Android, Windows, Linux. The BLE
broadcast topology can be utilized for localized information sharing, such as item-finding beacons in
smart retail solutions. BLE P2P is ideal for connected devices like fitness trackers and health
monitors. The BLE mesh can be used in smart solutions like asset tracking and building automation.

 MQTT
 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is an open,
machine-to-machine connectivity protocol for IoT
communication. It is a lightweight protocol, having MQTT
broker as mediator for interacting MQTT agents. MQTT follows
a publication-subscription model whereby the MQTT agents
publish information that are consumed by the subscribers. This is
implemented through the MQTT methods—connect, disconnect,
publish, subscribe and unsubscribe.

Cloud, Fog and Data Analytics
 As sensors collect contextual data, based on their design and architecture, this data can be
processed locally on a smart device to a certain extent or can be flushed intermittently to a
gateway device for zonal processing. This computing at the edge of a network is termed as
‘edge’ or ‘fog’ computing. The data from sensors can also be sent to a cloud-based storage
and processing location. Cloud services can be public, private, or a communal hybrid or the
two or community, based on the smart service’s architecture and design.
 Depending on the need of the smart service rendered, the IoT application may be integrated
with a data analytics engine for fine tuning and customization of the application output.
 For example, domain-based IoT applications can be enabled with various infrastructure and
functional components, such as sensors that capture contextual data based on predefined
parameters, gateway devices that gather data from a bunch of sensors, data storage that can be
at the edge or hosted in the cloud where the gateway devices flush the gathered data
intermittently, analytical processing functions, application programming interface (API)-
based business functions, command and control functions for the actuators in sensors, and
wired or wireless network communications connecting these components, as shown in Figures
1 and 2

Infrastructure and functional components for
the Internet of Things.
Figure 1

Big Data generated from the interaction
of IoT, machines and persons.
Figure 2

IoT System Design
 If we look at the system design of an IoT application with wireless sensor

nodes, as in fig 3. we will see that the data collected by the sensor is sent
wirelessly to an operations center that has a control system to monitor the
relevance of collected data as per the contextual requirement. If the data are
within the required range as desired for the business or service, then the
control system allows the data to be stored for further application-based
analytical processing and action.
 However, if the range for contextual data gathering requires a change, then
the change instruction is passed on wirelessly to the actuator on the edge
device from the control system and the sensors start collecting data as per
the redefined range. The sensors can be remotely tracked, monitored and
controlled.

IoT System Design
System design of an IoT application

with a wireless sensor.
Figure 3

Potential Applications of Internet of Things Technology
 Smart Healthcare : The Internet of healthcare Things, smart

healthcare or healthcare IoT—all these are new terminologies
for the emerging healthcare products and services with IoT
integration. The healthcare industry is adopting the IoT at a
rapid pace, and market analysis reports for healthcare IoT
predict massive growth in next five to eight years. According
to predictions, the healthcare IoT market can grow to $160+
billion by 2020. According to McKinsey, the smart healthcare
market can reach a size of up to $1.6 Trillion by 2025.

Some of the potential IoT applications in healthcare
 Connected medical devices. These have ready-to-use features like remotely accessing
other devices and interacting with those devices and humans to monitor, collect, and
analyze specific health data or transmit the data to other devices for storage and analysis,
and to notify other devices, users or health practitioners about events. Example: smart
glucose monitor.
 Wearable healthcare. These can come in various forms like patches or bands and are
used for monitoring of specific health data or medical conditions. Example: biosensor-
embedded healthcare patch for health monitoring of patients, fitness trackers and blood
pressure and temperature-monitoring devices.
 Smart hospital monitoring and medical equipment maintenance. Some of

the smart applications that we are seeing modernizing the hospitals embracing
IoT are smart monitoring of patients and their location identification, remote
patient monitoring, patient criticality-alert management systems, remote drug
delivery, app-based patient data gathering and health record management,
smart beds, remotely locating medical equipment, cloud-connected medical
equipment to track assets and for maintenance, and pharmacy inventory
management with RFID tags.
 Smart medical ingestible. A recent advancement in this branch of the
healthcare IoT is the development of the ‘smart pill’ that has edible sensors to
monitor adherence to prescribed intake of pills at different times of the day,
which specifically suits the elderly with memory obstacles.
 Smart cognitive healthcare. Smart monitoring devices are being developed

for addressing cognitive impairment and dementia among the elderly,
monitoring Parkinson’s and assessing depression. These can function as early-
warning predictive systems that analyze health data, make predictions and
provide advice to doctors to make decisions on the course of treatment.
 Health‘rob-IoT-ics’. New applications are being designed in healthcare

utilizing the benefits of robotics and the IoT, hence the name ‘health rob-IoT-
ics’ used here to aptly define this space. Not long from now, we will have
robotic assistants that will know when we are stressed or tired or developing
some medical criticality and will act in accordance to inform family members,
a doctor and an ambulance service to prevent fatalities.

Smart Home
 Globally we are seeing an increased interest among customers for smart-

home products and services in the segments of energy management and
climate control, security and access control, smart lighting, smart
entertainment, assisted living and home automation. According to
McKinsey, IoT applications in the home can have an economic impact of
$200 billion to $300 billion in 2025.19 The smart home applications will be
mostly in chore automation and security. The top motivators driving
acceptance of smart homes are security and convenience.
 Various types of interconnectivity and automation can be designed for
smart-home solutions. For fully decentralized smart homes, the smart
devices can function in autonomous mode and utilize the home network to
connect to the Internet for transmitting data. Another alternative is to
connect the smart devices locally like an intranet. A third option is to create
a central hub or gateway for the smart devices.
Belkin Wemo
 The WeMo Home Automation20 portfolio from Belkin has multiple

smart products in its portfolio like the Wi-Fi Smart Dimmer, Mini
Smart Plug, Smart Light Switch and Insight Smart Plug (Fig.)

Google Home
 Google Home is a smart, voice-activated speaker with
hands-free help from Google Assistant (Fig.). It is
activated by the voice command ‘OK Google’ or ‘Hey
Google’. It supports multiple users and can distinguish
individual voices for a personalized experience. With
Google Home, users can make calls by voice command.
If a particular contact has multiple numbers, then
Google Assistant will read out the associated numbers
of the contact to help the user choose the right number
by voice command.

Google Home
Google Home device and app.

Connected Cars
 Connected cars are fitted with mobile internet technology and

sensors to gather contextual data, communicate remotely and
control key functions remotely and wirelessly. Autonomous
vehicles are an extended variety of connected cars with self-
driving and robotic features. These cars are futuristic
commuting means for a greener tomorrow. Some potential
examples of connected car technology have been described
here to provide a glimpse about the emerging smart
automotive domain.

Tesla Connected Car
 Tesla has incorporated internet technology in its vehicles for a digital driving
experience. Tesla vehicles provide app-based remote climate control, voice-
activated controls and other intelligent features.28 All Tesla vehicles are fitted with
hardware for full self-driving capability with safety features (Fig.). Advanced
sensor coverage has eight surround cameras and twelve ultrasonic sensors that
detect hard and soft objects.
 Tesla vehicles also have forward-facing radar that can see through heavy rain, fog,
dust and cars ahead. A deep neural-network based vision processing tool named
Tesla Vision processes vision data, server data and radar data on a powerful
computer onboard. Tesla Vision deconstructs the car’s environment at great levels
of reliability. Tesla Autopilot can match speed to traffic conditions, can keep within
driving lanes or automatically change lanes, transition to freeways, self-park in a
parking spot and can be summoned to and from a garage. These vehicles can also
have over-the-air software updates as needed.

Tesla Connected Car
Tesla connected car

Smart Energy
 We are seeing bigger strides in the use of IoT in the smart-energy

domain. Age-old grid systems are being upgraded to smarter energy
systems for quick mapping of demand and planning for efficient
supply of electricity to households and industries. Smart-energy
devices and integrators are available for home use with a variety of
features. Some potential smart-energy initiatives are discussed
below to highlight the breadth of IoT applications in this domain.

Smart Energy Home Tracker
 Glow is a smart energy tracker that helps users understand how their
homes are expending energy (Fig.). This smart device uses a
magneto-resistive sensing technology, and the sensor wirelessly
measures the home’s electric usage. The measured information is
sent to an in-home display unit that changes color with the home’s
energy usage.
 The cross-platform Glow app provides home energy usage
information that can be accessed on the go. Notification alerts of
abnormal usage can be configured on the Glow app to prevent
unnecessary energy wastage and save money. Glow also estimates
energy costs for the next bill based on current usage.

Smart Energy Home Tracker

Smart Energy Initiatives in Smart Cities
 The smart city of San Diego (Fig.) has partnered with GE for upgrading
its streetlights as part of a transformation initiative to reduce energy
costs and to integrate streetlights with a connected digital network.35
About 3000 smart sensors will be deployed in the city to create this
digital network.
 Barcelona, a smart city, has deployed about 19000 smart energy meters
and more than 1100 LED streetlights with embedded sensors to monitor
noise, weather and traffic. SIARQ, a Catalonian company, has
implemented smart solar streetlights in Barcelona that have zero
emissions and can incorporate various smart city sensors as per the
need of the urban environment in order to create an intelligent sensory
and information hub. Similar initiatives are also being implemented in
other smart cities across the globe for a cleaner and greener living
experience.

Smart Energy Initiatives in Smart Cities

Value of IT and
Delivering Business Value
through
IT Strategy

What Is IT Value?
IT Value is the worth or desirability of a thing.

(Cronk and Fitzgerald, 1999)
IT Value is a subjective assessment.
IT Value is based on how a business chooses

to view it.
IT Value is tied to the business model. IT
Value can be defined by ROI or KPI’s.

1-2
Where Is IT Value?
Decisions about IT Value may be made to

optimize value to the firm even if they
cause difficulty for a business unit or
individual.
IT Value needs to be leveraged for the

benefit of the firm.

1-3
Who Delivers IT Value?
IT Value is a function of people, process,

and technology.
IT Value is also a
Technology
function of P
e
organizational value. o
p
l
e
Process
1-4
When Is IT Value
Realized?
IT Value has a temporal dimension.
Initially, companies spend a considerable
amount to deploy new technology with no
benefit.
Some value is then achieved by solving initial
inefficiencies.
As use increases, complexity grows and costs
increase.
Finally, the business is made simpler and
efficiencies
12/11/2019 are achieved.
Compiled By: Prof.SAMEER JAIN 134
1-5
The “W” Effect in Delivering IT
Value

1-6
Best Practices in
Understanding IT Value
Link IT Value directly to the business
model.
Recognize that value is subjective, and
manage perceptions accordingly.
Aim for a value “Win-Win” across
processes, work units, and individuals.
Seek business commitment to all IT
projects.
Manage
12/11/2019 value Compiled
overBy:time.
Prof.SAMEER JAIN 136
1-7
The Three Components of the IT
Value Proposition
IDENTIFICATION
+
CONVERSION
+
REALIZATION
=
IT VALUE
1-8
Identification of Potential
Value
Joint IT-Business mechanisms
should be established to identify
business and technical
opportunities where IT can add
value.
Establish a formal process for
project prioritization.
1-9
Best Practices in Identifying
Potential Value
 Recognize and evaluate opportunities

through a joint business-IT structure.
 Develop a means to compare value
across projects.
 Utilize a portfolio approach to project
selection.
 Establish a funding mechanism for
infrastructure.
1-10
Effective Conversion
Conversion is the transformation of ideas
and opportunities into IT value
propositions.
Excellent project management, effective

execution, and reliable IT operations are
critical to IT value creation.

1-11
Conversion Issues
More projects than resources
Insufficient time to complete all projects
Training limitations
Inadequate technical or business
resources
Implementation of IT may require
significant business process redesign.

1-12
Best Practices in
Conversion
Availability of adequate and qualified IT
and business resources
Training in business goals and processes
Multifunctional change management
Emphasis on higher-level learning and

knowledge management
1-13
Realizing Value
IT Value realization is a long-term process.
To deliver Value – technology must be

used extensively.
Measurement is a key component. [Does

Expected Value = Actual Value?]

1-14
Best Practices in Realizing
Value
Plan a value-realization phase for all IT
projects.
Measure outcomes against expected results.
Look for and eliminate root causes of
problems.
Assess value realization at all levels in the
organization.
Have provision for acting on new
opportunities to leverage value.
1-15
Five Principles for Delivering Value
1. Have a clearly defined portfolio value

management process.
2. Aim for chunks of Value.
3. Adopt a holistic orientation for
technology value.
4. Aim for joint ownership of technology
initiatives.
5. Experiment more often.
1-16
Application of Big Data Analytics in
the Smart Building Projects

Problem
 The studies for smart environments and in particular, smart buildings

are slowly becoming a reality, with installations starting to spread all
around the world. Smart offices, smart factories, and smart housing,
especially social housing, are nowadays giving a new impulse to
research, with new needs and issues to tackle.
 Among the several problematic stemming from such a wide deployment

of these technologies, Big Data issues are currently gaining a new
momentum: while installation grow and start covering large-scale
settings with hundreds or thousands of installed sensors and actuators,
data granularity, frequency, scalability, and cardinality issues are
increasingly attracting research efforts.

INTRODUCTION
 Building an effective business case for a Big Data project involves
identifying several key elements that can be tied directly to a business
process and are easy to understand as well as quantify. These elements
are knowledge discovery, actionable information, short- term and long-
term benefits, the resolution of pain points, and several others that are
aligned with making a business process better by providing insight.
 Smart buildings, in effect, are a highly demanding test environment for

Big Data technologies as almost all of the most important issues are
present. In a smart building, say a smart factory, data are typically
delivered at high rates, with single event delivery at intervals often
much lower than a second.
 These initiatives can provide the foundation for a Big Data project,
thanks to the two primary needs of Big Data: Storage and processing.

Data Sourcing
 Transportation, logistics, retail, utilities, and telecommunication.

Sensor data are being generated at an accelerating rate from fleet GPS
transceivers, RFID(radio-frequency identification) tag readers, smart
meters and cell phones (call data records), these data are used to
optimize operations and drive operational BI to realize immediate
business opportunities.
 Health Care: The health care industry is quickly moving to electronic
medical records and images, which it wants to use for short-term public
health monitoring and long-term epidemiological research programs.
 Government. Many government agencies are digitizing public records,
such as census information, energy usage, budgets, Freedom of
Information Act documents, electoral data, and law enforcement
reporting.

 Entertainment media: The entertainment industry has moved to
digital recording, production, and delivery in the past five years
and is a now collecting large amount of rich content and user
viewing behaviors.
 Life sciences: Low cost gene sequencing (less than $1,000) can
generate tens of terabytes of information that must be analyzed to
look for genetic variations and potential treatment effectiveness.
 Video surveillance: Video surveillance is still transitioning from
closed-caption television to internet protocol television cameras
and recording systems that organizations want to analyze for
behavioral patterns (security and service enhancement).

Application Areas
 Customer analytics: This category includes applications to marketing

(customer profiling, segmentation, social network analysis, brand
reputation analysis, marketing mix optimization) and customer
experience.
 Supply chain analytics (SCA): This includes demand forecasting and
optimization of inventory, pricing, scheduling, transportation, and
storage, while mitigating and risk. A branch of SCA, human capital
analytics as a workforce analytics, relates to service industries where
human resources are the foremost means of production.
 Analytics in public domain: Driven by natural resource constraints,
governments are using analytics for tasks such as detecting water leakages
in distribution systems, making energy grids and traffic systems smarter,
and improving public safety.
 Fraud and risk analytics: This includes assessment of various types of
risk (market, operational, credit) mostly in the financial sector.

Degree of Complexity
 Complexity of analytics can be broken down into three layers:

descriptive analytics, predictive analytics and prescriptive analytics.
 Descriptive Analytics: Several businesses start with descriptive
analytics to analyze business performance. Descriptive analytics
analyze historical data and identifies partners from samples for
reporting of trends. Techniques such as data modeling, visualization,
and regression analysis are most common in this analytics:
 Descriptive analytics can be classified into following tasks:
 Usual reporting and dashboards: What took place? How does it
relate to our blueprint?
 Adhoc reporting: How many? Where?
 Analysis/query: What exactly is the challenge? Why is this
happening?

Contd…

 Predictive Analytics: Predictive analytics use data to find out what could
happen in the future. It is a more refined and higher level usage of analytics.
It predicts future probabilities and trends and finds relationships in data not
instantly apparent with traditional analysis. Data mining and predictive
modeling tools and techniques are being used in this kind of analytics.
 Predictive analytics can be classified into six tasks:
 Data mining: What data are correlated with other data?
 Forecasting: What revenue will we close our annual balance sheet with?
 Root cause analysis: Why did it occur?
 Pattern recognition: When should we alter a process?
 Monte-Carlo simulation: What could emerge?
 Predictive modeling: What will happen then?

 Prescriptive Analytics: Once the past is understood and predictions can
be made about what might happens in the future, one need to know
what the best action will be, given the limited resources of the
enterprise. This is the area of perspective analytics, respective analytics
use data to propose the best course of action to increase the chances of
realizing the finest outcome. Optimization and simulation techniques
are being used for this kind of analytics. Prescriptive analytics are based
on the concept of optimization, which can be divided into two areas.
 Optimization: How can we achieve the best results?
 Stochastic optimization: How can we achieve the best result and tackle
improbability in the data to make better decisions?

Examples of Analytic technologies : Smart
Cities
 Cities of today are confronting massive urbanization challenges that can
threaten long-term sustainability. These challenges can affect the city’s
economy businesses, and people and can encompass core infrastructures
such as traffic, water, energy, and communication. A “smart city” makes
optimal use of all interconnected information available today to better
understand and control its operations and optimize the use of limited
resources. At this point, we highlight some key domains that play an
important role in a city.
 The basic conflict between population increase and availability of fresh

water leads to increasing concerns over water quality, failing water
infrastructures, and overall water management complexity. IT and analytics
can help deliver solutions to numerous water-related issues that are
currently handled inadequately by inefficient and often manual processes.
For example noninvasive leakage detection is possible using optimization
algorithms at the network level, by detecting anomalies between modeled
performance and actual sensor readings.

 Congested transportation systems deter economic activity,
waste energy, and emit significant amounts of carbon into
the atmosphere. Traditional approaches that increase the
size of the underlying infrastructure are beginning to hit a
wall because it is economically and environmentally
unsustaible.Smarter traffic systems take advantage of
technology and collect physical data about urban traffic and
mobility patterns. These data can help traffic management
centers analyze and make better decisions regarding road
network management, toll road practices, and public transit
services.

Conclusion
 Big Data Analytics is emerging as an important and useful tool for organizations
to validate and answer business questions, it is essential to note that Big Data
Analytics can at best be an effective supporting tool if it is aligned with the overall
organization business strategy.
 In this, we understood that society evolves at the same pace of the web, online
social data are becoming increasingly important for both individuals and
businesses. In order to reduce such complexity, we need to adopt a
multidisciplinary approach to big social data analysis, which combines different
perspectives by means of social network analysis, multimedia management, and
more.
 There is a strong need to handle unstructured data in segments such as
Operational/Service Analytics and Marketing/Customer Analytics. The analyst
analyzes various heterogeneous data sources enabled by advanced analytical
capabilities such as data linking, text clustering, text annotation, sentiment mining,
and predictive modeling, to come up with actionable insights regarding customer
churn, key customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction drivers.

WHAT IS DATA MINING?
 The process of exploration and analysis by

automatic or semi-automatic means.
 Involves large quantities of data in order to
discover meaningful patterns and rules.

WHERE IS DATA MINING
USED?
 The military use data mining to learn what
roles various factors play in the accuracy of
bombs.
 Intelligence agencies might use it to
determine which of a huge quantity of
intercepted communications are of interest.
 Medical researchers might use it to predict
the likelihood of a cancer relapse.

Business Usage of Data
Mining
 From a large list of prospective customers,

which are most likely to respond? We can
use classification techniques like logistic
regression, classification trees etc.
 To find which customers are most likely to
commit, for example, fraud (or might
already have committed it)?

Types of Data Mining Techniques
 Supervised learning algorithms

 Unsupervised learning algorithms

SUPERVISED LEARNING
 Supervised learning algorithms are those

used in classification and prediction.
 We must have data available in which the
value of the outcome of interest (e.g.,
purchase or no purchase) is known.

UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
 Unsupervised learning algorithms are those

used where there is no outcome variable to
predict or classify.
 Association rules, data reduction methods,
and clustering techniques are all
unsupervised learning methods.

CLOUD COMPUTING
 Cloud computing is a significant potential tool to support the construction

industry and its currently available collaboration tools include desktops,
internet networks, tablets, smart phones and laptops .
 Consequently, it is hoped that recommending the implementation of cloud

computing (a shared collaborative information technology system) rather than
conventional methods of construction management will help all the
construction project parties including consultants, contractors, designers, the
owner, architects, suppliers and engineers to cooperate and collaborate with
high efficiency and productivity leading to a greener construction.

Problem Statement
 Delivery models and types of cloud computing.
 The integration concepts of green, sustainability and cloud

computing within the construction industry.
 Develops ways to enhance the potential opportunities

offered to the construction industry by collaborative
technologies and tools.

Cloud Computing
 Cloud Computing is the most recent technology which has been established
by the IT industry. Its revolutionary impact provides a timely, cost effective
and energy-efficient technology that supports access to applications,
information and services, such as storage, networks, hardware infrastructures
and servers, without restrictions of time and place using only an internet
connection. Additionally, the fundamental concept of cloud computing can be
described as the accessing, sharing and implementation of applications,
services, information and resources via a network environment which enables
the business to operate without any concerns regarding the ownership,
management and maintenance of the network’s resources, applications and
services.

To be Cond..

Types of Cloud Computing
 There are four types of cloud computing delivery: public cloud, private cloud,
community cloud and hybrid clouds. Armbrust defined a public cloud as a
pay-as-you-go implementation for the public while a private cloud is not
made available to the public. A community cloud is utilized via a collection
of organizations which have common interests and a hybrid cloud is a
combination of a public and private cloud.

To be Cond..

Three broad types of cloud computing (shown in fig 2) are as follows:
 1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) : It is the lowest layer of the network
which the user via the cloud providers uses fundamental computing resources
such as processing power, storage, memory, operating system and networking
components such as firewalls or middleware.
 2. Platform as a Service (PaaS): The users build their own applications based
on the infrastructure service providers. They control the applications but they
do not have control over the operating system, hardware or network
infrastructure.
 3. Software as a Service (SaaS): The consumer uses an application, but does
not control operating system, hardware or network infrastructure on which it's
running.

CLOUD COMPUTING AND THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
 While the physical presence were needed in client’s meeting, site meeting or
site job. Cloud technologies help to balances the back offices function such as
billing, payrolls, logistic planning and running a financial report. This
technology provides a solution which is able to serve users in both work
settings. Cloud technology making business applications available remotely is
an advantage in construction management. This remote access allows staff to
work from any location without being tied to a specific physical location.
Without to have the decentralization of offices and travel-based positions,
even if the project work being done in different regions of the country or even
internationally, cloud system were be able to offer solid remote access
technology to employees is critical for a construction company’s success.

CLOUD COMPUTING AND SUSTAINABILITY
 The main advantages of using cloud computing, besides the efficient collaboration throughout the
development process:
 It contribution to a healthy environment. The healthy environment regards to human activities such
as development projects, commuting from place to place, farming, and other sorts of activities that
cause the increasing of air pollution thus affect the ability of the project team and organization to
comply with the concept of green construction.
 The deterioration of air quality is increasing. Therefore, taking positive action by implementing the
cloud computing can be an effort to reduce the use of transportation and thus, reduce carbon dioxide
emissions. Most of the organizations are aware of sustainability and realize that it should be a part
of their strategy. The integration of sustainability should be implemented in the concepts and
methodologies that the organization is using.
 Cloud computing systems should begin in the early stage of the process in the management strategy
such as when the concepts of the project are decided. Therefore, this system will become an
essential tool that makes managing a project much more efficient, throughout the development
process.

CONCLUSION
 Construction projects necessitates the exchange of increasing amounts of data and information.
Overall, this has reviewed valuable collaborative tools and technologies as a significant and
valuable subclass of information and communication technology (ICT) including cloud technology.
Consequently, cloud technology provides the ability to communicate and exchange data and
information easily, efficiently, effectively and accurately independent of time and place, thereby
providing major benefits for the construction management. This valuable technology could result in
better green construction management which will eventually ensure the delivery of applicable and
reliable information to enhance collaboration within the construction supply chain and with project
stakeholders.

Network on BIM Cloud

BIM Model on the Cloud

THANK YOU

Hint Questions
 TYPES OF SYSTEMS (MIS, DSS, TPS,KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)
 BASICS AND APPLICATION OF ANALYTICS IN
THE SAMRT BUILDING PROJECTS
 INTERNET OF THINGS
 CLOUD COMPUTING
 MOBILE COMPUTING
 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND DATA MINING
 IT VALUE


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12/11/2019 Compiled By: Prof.SAMEER JAIN ( Slides 1

WORKFLOW SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTED MOST

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Sage® software solutions provide

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IH : First Half Yearly

Source :IDC 2018

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 Data: Streams of raw facts representing

 Information: Clusters of facts that are

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Data and Information

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

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 Managing the conversion of various

• increase the capacity for production or

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 Information is an asset of organizations, proper reuse of information

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 Information in project management involves all data and

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 The conceptual framework is to propose an effective way for retrieve

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 The project information retrieve and reuse process is modeled by

 The modeling process consists of five functions: retrieve information,

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 The information retrieve and reuse system is based on web technology

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 Only electronic-format information can be spread broadly

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 Validation is the review of the retrieved information to

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 Information central base, which is a common share

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 To facilitate sharing and reusing construction information,

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 An information system is a conceptual system that enables managers to control

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 A transaction processing systems is shown in Figure 1.8

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 Management information systems (MIS) transform the data in frontline

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 Office automation - the use of electronics to facilitate communication,

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 A DSS is a system used to assist managers in making decisions to help

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 Decision support systems involve the use of following types of analytical

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A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is a type of