D toxicosis, renal insufficiency, and severe

alcinogenic plant toxicosis, Vitamin

as seen in cattle
with Johne's disease. Medial calcification occurs
pbilitation, chronic renal disease.
naturally in rabbits and in aged guinea pigs and rats with

such as the aorta, appear as solid, dense, pipe-like

Crossly, affected arteries,
solid intimal plaques. Microscopically, in elastic
structures with raised, white,mineral
rheries basophilic granular deposits are present on elastic fibres of the
media, but in muscular arteries they
form a
complete ring of mineralization in the
of both
nica media. Siderocalcinosis (iron rings), which occur from deposition
arteries of aged horses. These lesions
iron and calcium salts, occurs in cerebral
the
are incidental.

small, mineralized masses within

Arterial intimal calcification (intimal bodies)
are

of horses. They have

the sub-endothelium in small muscular arteries and arterioles
no harmful effect.

Inflammation

Arteritis
and immune-mediated diseases. These include
Arteritis occurs in many infectious fever (hog cholera),
viral arteritis,malignantcatarrhal fever, swine
(1) viral: equine and feline infectious
infectious anaemia, bovine virus diarrhoea,
bluetongue, equine rhusiopathiae
(Erysipelothrix
peritonitis (2) bacterial: salmonellosis, erysipelas
H. H. parasuis),. (3) mycotic
suis, somnus,
Haemophilus sp. infections (H.
strongylosis (Strongylus vulgaris
aspergilosis. phycomycosis. (4) parasitic: equine lupi), onchocerciasi
dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis), spirocercosis (Spirocerca
angiostrongylosis, and (5) immune-mediated: canine system
aelurostrongylosis,
rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, drug-induce
lupus erythematosus,
hypersensiivity, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis.
affected rather than the arteries. When this happe=
Usually all types of vessels are intlamed vessels, leukocytes are pres
the term vasculitis or angiitis is applied. In
within and the walls. Damage to the vessel wall
surrounding
is
seen as
necrotic endothelial and smooth muscle
cells. These changes
deposits or
result in ischaemic injury or intartic
accompanied by thrombosis, which can
in erysipelas in pigs cause=
the cireulating field. The diamond skin' lesions
cutaneous infarction.L
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is an example of
This may be caus
Arteritis and vasculitis can occur from endothelial injury.
trom local externs
immune-mediated mechanisms, or
intectious agents or
viral arteri-
Suppuradve and necrotizing inflammatory processes. Equine
cells. In this diseas
Systemic intection and has a tropism for endothelial
extensive oede-
muscular arteries show lesions of fibrinoid necrosis,
the interstitial -

leukocyte iniltration. Grossly, there is severe oedema of

fluids in
mesentery accompanied by marked accumulation of serous
cavittes

95