POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BUMPS

ANUPAM TRIPATHI, ANURAG MISHRA, AMOD KUMAR,

ABHINAV KUMAR YADAV & VIPUL SAXENA
Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
In the present day, energy is the foremost need of the human life. Everything happening in the
environment is a result of the flow of energy in one or other forms. The significant usage of
energy has led to an energy crisis over a few years. In order to overcome this problem, we need
techniques for optimum use of conventional sources for conservation of energy. Our project
attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at a commonly used system, the Road
speed breakers .The count of vehicles are increasing day by day, so this paper intends a method
where the kinetic energy at the speed breaker can be converted into mechanical energy by using
Rack and Pinion mechanism and that mechanical energy can be converted to electrical energy
using a dynamo.
For obtaining the electricity through the speed breaker a model is developed and studied using
MATLAB.

KEYWORDS: Road power generation; Rack and pinion; Spur gears; Chain and sprocket;
MATLAB;

1. INTRODUCTION
Electricity is required at every point in our daily life and now-a-days increase in population has
resulted in reduction of conventional sources of energy. Energy crisis is mainly due to two
reasons, first, the population of the world has increased rapidly, and second, the standard of
living of human beings has increased. Currently we use the conventional fossil fuels for power
consumption but there is danger of resources getting exhausted in a few decades. Hence it
becomes necessary that we look upon the non-conventional resources for satisfying the power
consumption[1].The non-conventional resources mainly refer to wind, solar, biomass, marine
currents which are less harmful to the environment. Although the improvement of renewable
resources is going on at a fast rate but to extract waste energy is not so much developed till now.
For example when a car passes over a speed breaker most of its kinetic energy gets wasted and
also the speed breakers are necessary to maintain traffic in a largely populated area. In this paper
we focus on extracting the kinetic energy and using it for power generation.

Averagely, when we consider the speed breaker height of 15 cm and a weight of vehicle as 1500
kg passing over the speed breaker, this produces approximately 36.78 W in 1 minute [2].
Thus in an hour it will produce approximately 2.2KW power which will ultimately add to 52.96
KW power in a day. This is a fairly large value capable of lighting approximately 5-6 street light
all day. It contributes greatly to the generation of electricity and thus it will release the load on

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Powerplants and because of this greater equivalents of electricity will be available for industries
leading to progressive development of the nation.

1.1 Qureshi et al. To construct an unit which is capable of producing electricity using kinetic
energy of vehicles passing over the speed breakers with the help of rack and pinion
arrangement beneath it. As the requirement of electricity is increasing day by day, we
have to develop an alternate conventional source of energy to tackle the problem of
energy crisis and reduce the dependency on power plants to some extent.
1.2 Abraham et al., The generation of electric power and its storage is a major cause of
concern in the present era of development and innovation. The ideologies regarding
various environment friendly and conservative methods for generation of electricity were
put forward by various scientists and even students all over the world and the efforts put
forward for the development of an efficient method are limit less. This paper talks about
the various innovations and techniques that can be used for power generation.
1.3 Patel et al., Nowadays, in Speed breaker systems that receive their kinematic energy from
vehicles passing over them in which generated kinetic and potential energies are
converted to electrical energy. The speed bumps systems transfer energy in axial
direction by means of spring in which energy is stored during operation. This paper talks
about the energy generation using spring coil mechanism
1.4 D.Venkata Rao et al., for reduction of carbon dioxide emission, renewable energies are
considered as proper alternative energy. In this paper, we focus on the fixed speed-
breaker at the streets since a high amount of vehicles kinetic energy is wasting there
using spring coil mechanism. There are thousands of crowed cities with enormous flow
of vehicles offers high amount of energy can be considered as near to urban resource of
energy.

We have used RACK AND PINION MECHANISM for the production of electricity and
analysis is done using MATLAB software. We have considered factors like the mass of the
vehicle passing over the speed breaker and accordingly designed for the modules and number of
teeths of gears. This paper is divided into 7 sections, the section 1 is INTRODUCTION, section
2 is VARIOUS ENERGIES INVOLVED, section 3 highlights WORKING METHODOLOGY,
section 4 shows the EXPERIMENTAL SET, section 5 discusses RESULTS AND
DISCUSSIONS, section 6 CONCLUDES the paper, and section 7 has all the REFERENCES.

2. ENERGY PRINCIPLE[3]

Three types of energies take part in the process of production of energy.

a) KINETIC ENERGY: It is the energy possessed by a body by the virtue of its motion
is called KINETIC ENERGY. It is a scalar quantity i.e. can be defined by only
magnitude.

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 b) MECHANICAL ENERGY: It is the energy possessed with both the motion and
position of the object. The objects gains energy when work is done on it and this
energy gained by the body is called MECHANICAL ENERGY.

c) ELECTRICAL ENERGY: The energy which is caused by the movement of the

electrons from one place to another such type of energy is called electrical energy. In
other words, electrical energy is the work done by the moving streams of the
electrons or charges.

The basic conversion of energy goes as follows:

Kinetic energy converts to mechanical energy using Rack and pinion mechanism and
then this mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy be a generator or a
dynamo

Fig 1. Conversion of energy

3. WORKING METHODOLOGY:

When a car passes over the speed breaker it compresses and rack and pinion arrangement set up
comes into use. Here the reciprocating motion of the speed breaker is converted into rotary
motion using the Rack and Pinion arrangement. Rack and pinion gears normally change rotary
motion into linear motion, but sometimes we use them to change linear motion into rotary
motion. The axis of the pinion is coupled with the sprocket arrangement. The axis of the smaller
sprocket is coupled to a gear arrangement. Finally the gear arrangement is coupled with the

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generator/dynamo.[4] The electricity generated can be used to light up a street light or in this
project a LED light and also can be stored in invertor for later use. The electricity can also be
stored using an invertor depending on the use.

Fig 2. Layout of the mechanism

4. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP:

4.1 RACK AND PINION:

A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a circular gear (the pinion)
engaging a linear gear (the rack), which operate to translate rotational motion into linear
motion. Driving the pinion into rotation causes the rack to be driven linearly. Driving the
rack linearly will cause the pinion to be driven into a rotation.

4.2 CHAIN AND SPROCKET ARRANGEMENT:

A chain and sprocket arrangement is used to transmit rotary motion from one shaft to
another shaft.

4.3 SHAFT:

A shaft is a rotating element, which is used for transmission of power from one element
to another element.

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4.4 FLYWHEEL:

A flywheel is a mechanical device specifically designed to efficiently store rotational

energy. Flywheels resist changes in rotational speed by their moment of inertia. The
amount of energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to the square of its rotational speed.

4.5 SPUR GEAR ARRANGEMENT:

A gear is a rotating element which has teeth that mesh with some other part having teeth
in order to transmit torque. It is a positive power transmission device with definite
velocity ratio.

4.6 DYNAMO:

A dynamo is an electrical generator that creates direct current using a commutator.

Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry.

4.7 LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when
current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,
releasing energy in the form of photons.

Fig 3 shows the top and front view of the model constructed

3.1 Front View 3.2 Top view

Fig 3 the model

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5. Results and discussion:
We used a 3kg mass initially to calculate the modules and number of teeths of varies gears used
in the model and we were successfully able to light up a yellow LED light which justified our
designs and calculation.

As we can see that a mass as small as 3kg can be used for lighting up a LED light so looking at a
broader perspective we can imagine that a mass as large as of an average car can be easily be
used to light up a street light .

The Results Obtained are as Follows:

FOR PINION:

1. T=18
2. m1=0.53 mm

FOR GEAR ARRANGEMENT:

1. T=80
2. t=40
3. m2=0.3mm

The following graphs were obtained using the MATLAB software that shows the relationships
between different parameters:

 Fig.4 shows the relation between module and teeth in driven gears.
Number of teeth of driven gears is shown on x-axis. Module of driven gears is shown on
y-axis.

 Fig.5 shows the relation between module and teeth in driving gears.
Number of teeth of driving gears is shown on x-axis. Module of driving gears is shown
on y-axis.

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 Fig 4 Module Vs Number of teeth of GEAR 1

Fig 5 Module Vs Number of teeth of GEAR 2

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6. CONCLUSION:
The utilization of energy is a sign of growth of the nation. It is a non conventional type of
producing energy. Due to increasing population, the demand of electricity is increasing day by
day; this method will prove to be a great boon to the country as well as the world because it will
reduce the load on various power plants and thus reduce speed of non-renewable resource
consumption. The overall goal was to design the speed breaker system capable of utilizing the
waste energy effectively. By changing the size, modules at a desirable price, weight its capacity
can be increased.[5] Future work would consist redesigning the set up to see how much data we
may be missing with assumptions that we made.

6. REFERENCES:

[1] Alok Kumar Singh, Deepak Singh,Madhawendra Kumar, VijayPandit and

Prof.SurendraAgrawal, (2013), Generation of Electricity through Speed Breaker
Mechanism, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology
(IJIET), Volume-2, Issue-2, ISSN:2319-1058

[2] Amal Abraham, Cibin Geevarghese Jacob, Glen Martin Thomas,Jobby George, Jose
Tom, IJIRST –International Journal for InnovativeResearch in Science &
Technology, Volume 3, Issue 11, April 2017

[3] Hasan Qureshi, Amir Shaikh, Fareed Mansuri, Prajyot Wade, International Journal of
Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.3, March 2016

[4] Mihir Patel, Henil Vala, Rajput Tejas, Ammar Vhora, Jayesh PatelIJIRST –
International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Volume 4,
Issue 2, July 2017

[5] Mishra, A., Kale, P., & Kamble, A. (2013). Electricity generation from speed
breakers. The International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES), 2(11), 25-27.

[6] Sailaja, M., Roy, M. R., & Kumar, S. P. (2015). Design of rack and pinion
mechanism for power generation at speed breakers. Int. J. Engineering Trends and
Technology, 22(8), 356-362.

[7] Srivastava, S., & Asthana, A. (2011). Produce electricity by the use of speed
breakers. Journal of engineering research and studies, 2(1), 163-165.

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Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3387562