Livy 10097876

T HE L OEB C L A S S IC AL L IBRA R Y
F UN
O D ED BY J A M ES L OE B , LL D .
.
EDIT ED B Y
E H
. . WAR MINGT ON , M A
. .
,
F O R M ER E DI T O R S
TT E
. . P A GE, O H . .
, LI T T D
. .
TE CA P P S
.
, PH D
. .
, LL D. .
TW H D
. . . R OUSE, LI T T D. . L . A . P OST , L H D. . .
L IVY
B OOK S I AN D 11
L I VY
I N F O U RTEEN V O LU M ES
B OOK S I AN D II
W IT H AN EN G L I S H T R A N S LAT I ON BY
B . O . F OS T E R , P H . D .
F
OF ST AN OR D UN
IVERS IT Y
CAM B R I DGE , M A SSA C H U S ET T S
HA R VA R D UNI VER S ITY P R ESS

LON DON
W I L L I A M H E I N EM A N N LT D
MCML X VII
F i rs t p ri n ted 1 91 9
R ep ri n ted 1 9 2 5 , 1 93 9 , 1 9 5 2 , 1 9 5 7 , 1 9 61 , 196 7
A . L F. .
P rin ted i n Grea t B ri ta in

C O N T E NT S
P A GE
TRA N ’
S L AT OR S P R EFA C E
I N T R O D U C T I ON
B OO K I
S UMM A R Y OF B OOK I
B OOK II
S UM M AR Y OF B OOK II
IND X E
M AP S
M RO G
E I N T H E R E AL P ER I O D At en d
W ES T ER N C EN T R A L I T A LY
T R A N S L A T OR S P R EFA C E
’
T HELatin text o f thi vol me has been set u p s u
from that f the inth edition ( 1 908 ) of Book I

o n .
,
and the eighth edition ( 1 8 94) o f Book I I by W eis .

,
se n bo and M uller except that the P ioc l e have

rn ,
er za
been reprinted from the text o f Rossbach

But the s p e l l i g is that adopted by P ro fessors
n
C onway and W alte r s in their critical edition f o
Books I -V ( Ox ford . which is th e source al so

.
,
o f a number of readings which di ffer from tho e given s
in th e W eissenborn M uller text d has fu rnished-

,
an
,
besides the materials from whi ch the textual notes

,
have been drawn p I have aimed to indicate

u .
every in tance where the reading printed does not

s
re t on th e authority o f one or more o f the good

s
M SS and to give the author o f the emendation

,
.
The M S S are o ften cited by the symbols given in

.
the Ox ford edition but f bre vity s sake I have

,
or
’
u ually employed two o f my own viz Q and s

s , .
“
.
“
The former means such of th e good M S S as are
not cited f other readi gs the latter one or
or n ,
m ore f the in fe r ior M SS and early p r inted edi

o .
tions .A nyone who wishes more specific in forma

tion regarding the source o f a variant will co n s lt u
P R EF A C E
th e elabo r ate apparatus of the O xford text whose ,
editors have placed all students of the first decade

under lasting obligations by thei r thorough and
m inute report o f the M S S With the publicatio n.
of their second volume there will be avai labl e fo r

the first time an adequate diplomatic basi fo r the s
criticism of Books I —X . .
I have utilized throughout the t ranslations by

P hilemon H olland George Baker and C ano n
, ,
Roberts and have occasionally borr owed a happy

,
expression from the commentaries o f Ed wards ,
C onway and others mentioned in the introduction

, , .
The unpretentious n otes in the college editi o n o f

my forme r teacher th e late P rofessor Green o ugh
, ,
have been pa rticularly useful in pointing out t h e

significance Of the word -orde r .
A cknow l edgments are also due to my colleagues ,
P ro fessors Fairclough H e m p ] C ooper and Briggs

, , , ,
and to P rofessor N oyes Of the University of C ali

for mi a e a ch Of whom has given me s o me go o d
,
suggesti o ns .
B O F . . .
S N
TA D UN
F OR EIV Y C
R SIT N , A L IF OR IA .
191 9 .
I N T R OD U C T I O N
F R OM entries in Je ro me s w o rki n g o f the

’
re —
Ch on ic le of E usebius we lear n that Titus Livius th e

r
P atavian was born i n 5 9 B C the year of C aesar s ’

.
,
.
,
fir t cons lship and died in h i native town ( the

s u ,
s
modern P adua) in 1 7 A O O f his parents nothing is

. .
known They were presumably well -to do fo r their

.
-
,
son r eceived the training in Greek and Latin

literature and i n rhetoric which c o nstituted the
standard curriculum o f that time and was afterward
, s
able to devote a long li fe to the unremu erative work n
o f writing . That he was by birth an aristocrat is no

more than an in fe r ence fro m his outstanding sym
pathy with the senatorial party Li y s childhood . v
’
witnessed the c o nquest o f Gaul and C aesar s rapid ’
r ise to lo rdship ove r the Roman world These early .
years h e doubtless passed in his northern home .
P atavium laid claim to great antiquity Livy tells .
us hims e lf in his Opening chapter the legend of its

foundi g by the Trojan A n teno r and elsewhere
n ,
describes with unmistakable sati faction th e vain s
attempt o f the Spartan C l e o y m u s ( i n 3 02

n to
I N T R O D U C TI ON
subdue the P atavians They de fended themselves .
1
with equal vigour and success against the aggressions

o f the Etruscans and the inroads f the Gauls and O ,
in the w with Hannibal cast in their lot with

ar
Rome I n 49 B C when Livy was te n years Ol d the

. . .
, ,
t o wn became a Roman municipality and its citizens

were en rolled in the Fabian tribe The place was a .
great centre o f trade especially in wool 2

d unde r , ,
an
A ugust s was perhaps the wealthiest cit y in Italy

u ,
next to Rome to which in some r espects it ,

3 .
p r esented a striking cont r ast since the P atavians ,
maintained the simple manners and strict morality

which had long gone out f fashion in the cosmo O
politan capita l W e can n ot say how Ol d Livy was

4
.
when he left P atavium but it is probable that his ,
tastes and character had been permanently influenced

by the Ol d —world traditions f his native town Did he O .
go to Rome with the intention f pursuing there the O
caree r of a rh etorician and subsequently become

inte r ested in historical studies ? It may have been
1
Li v X ii h wr
T e re e e m a n y l
. . . ivi n v
g i n h is o wn d a y L i y ,
hi
s a y s , wh o h a d s e e n t h e b e a k s o f t h e s t r r
ps c ap u e d f o m
C le on y m u s , wh i h w r r rv
c e e
p ese ed as tr h i o t
p e s in t h e e m p l e
of Ju n o .
2‘
rti
M a al , X I V c x iii
l , sp th i
e a k s Of t h e. t vi
c k n e s s Of P a a an
.
t i u n cs .
Str b
3 l x ix
a o, d v IIIxiii ; f Ni
. c I t li h . an . cc . c . s s an ,
a sc e
L d k
an des 2 p 2 20 un e, ,
. .
“
Ep i t f g p r té gé Hi
4
P li n .i 6 y s
y
. I . x v .
,
sa s O a ou n o : s
m t ra l gr d m t h
e na i S an Pr l ofr m t h mer i s a r ra n a ocu a , o e un
cip l i t y
a f P t vi m o Y k w th
a am r f th
u . ou no e a nn e s O e
p l ace; y t S rr i e
p tt r ef tri t
an a v t t hs a a e n o s c n e ss e en o e
P t vi
a a an s .
I NTR O D U C TI O N
so P erhaps he had alrea d y resol ed to write
. v
history and wished to make use of the libraries and

other sou r ces f in formation which we r e lacking in aO
provincial town C ertain pa sages in his earlier . s
books indicate that h e was already familiar with

1
the C ity when he began his great work about 2 7 C 2 , B . .

,
and a reference to a e Oi e s t io with A ugustus in '
Iv r a n
Book IV seems to gi e that it was not long till he

. ar i
w as on a friendly fo oting with the Emperor 3 He .
doubtless continued t o reside in Rome with o c

f
,
s io l visits to P a ag -ium and other places i n Italy

ca na
t ,
till near the end o f his long li fe .
Livy seems have held any public O ffice ,
but to have given himself p entirely to lite rature u .
S eneca says that h e wrote dialogues which one

might classi fy under history as well as under philo
sophy besides books which were professedly philo
,
sophical A d Quintilian quotes a letter from Livy

4
. n
to his so n which was very likely an essay on the

training Of the orato r for in t h e passage cited h e ,
advises the young man t o read Demosthenes and

C icero and then such as most nea r ly r esembled
,
1
e iv 5 ; I viii 5 ; xx vi 1 3
.
g. 1 . . . . I. . .
3
It ld t w ll h v b
cou rl i r t h 2 7 f i x i x
no e a e e en ea e an , or n I .
xx 7 O t vi i m ti d wi t h t h titl f
.
3 d
an IV. . c a an s en one e e O
A g t
u us whi h t h us, t ly f r d h i m i J c
y e sen a e on c on er e on n an u ar
o f th t y r N m y w p t th d t m h l t r f
a ea . or a e u e a e uc a e ,
o r In
m enti i g t h on n i wh i h t h t m p l f J h d
e o c c a s on s on c e e e o anu s a
b een l d ( x i x 3 ) L ivy h
c ose th i g t y f t h
I. .d as no n o sa o e s e con
o f th tw el i g wh i h t k p l
o c os ni hi w l if ti m s c oo ac e n s o n e- e,
na m ly th t f 2 5
e C a o B . .
3
Li xx 7
v . S
Iv Ep i t 1 00 9
. . . en . s . . .
I NTR O DUC TI O N
them S o in anothe r place Quintilia n tells us
.
1
, ,
that h e finds in Livy that there was a certa in

teache r who bade his pupils o b c what they said s u re .
2
It may have been in this same essay that he made

th e criticism on S allust which seemed to the elder
S eneca to be unjust that h e had n ot only appro ,
—
i
r a t e d a se n tence from Thucy d ides but had spoilt
p
it in the process A d there is another passage in
3
. n
S eneca where Livy i credited with having quoted s
approvi gly a m o t of the rh etorician M iltiades against

n
orators who a ffected archaic and sordid words which ,
may also be an echo Of the letter I f Livy was .

4
about thirty -two years ld when h e began to write O
history it is p r obable that thi essay was compo ed s s
some years later fo r it is unlikely to have been ,
written be fore the son was about sixteen W e may5

.
t here fore think of th e historian as putting aside his

magnum opus fo r a season to be of use in the ,
education of the boy who whether o r n o he , ,
profited by his father instructions in r hetoric at all ’
s ,
events becam e a writer and is twice named by th e ,
elder P liny as one f his authorities in Books V and o , .
V I of the N t
. l H i to y which deal with ge o graphy
a u ra s r , .
In a sepulchral inscription found in P adua which ,
may be that o f our Livy two sons a r e named — Titus ,
Livius P r is on s and Titus Livius L o ngus — and their ,
1
Qu int . x i 39 ( f
. . o . II . v .
2
Q u in t . ii 1 8
V II I . . .
3
Se n . C on tr o v . IX . i 14. .
4
I b id . Ix ii 26
. . .
5
Sc h an z ,
Ges ch ic h te d cr r o m is c h e n L itt er a t u r , ii l 3
.
, p . 41 9 .
I NTR O DU C TI O N
mothe r s name is given ’
C assia The only othe r as .
1
item of in formation we po ses abou t the family is s s
supplied by the elder S eneca who mentions a so n i ,

-n
l w named Lucius M g i
a , s a declaimer who had a u s, a
some foll o wing fo r a time though m e n rath e r .
endured him fo r t h e sake o f his father -i law than n-
praised him fo r his own 2

.
O f Li y s social life in Rom e we know nothing m ore

’
v
than that he enj oyed the friendship o f A ugustus and ,
p ro bably s we hav e seen fr om an early date in his

,
a ,
stay in Rome The intimacy was apparently m ai n

3
.
t a i e d till th e end f th e Emperor s life fo r it cannot

’
n O ,
have been much before A D 1 4 that Livy as related . .

,
by S uetonius} advised his patron s grand -nephew ’
C laudius ( b orn 9 B C ) to take up the writing O f hist o ry . . .
The good r elations subsisting betwee n th e Empe r o r

and the historian do h o no r to th e sense and candour Of u
b o th Livy gl or ied in the history f th e r epublic

. o ,
yet he could but acquiesce i n the n ew order of things .
A d the mo r al and r eligious r efo r ms O f A ugust u s

n ,
his wish to revive t h e t raditions of an elde r day his ,
r espect fo r the forms inhe r ited fr om a time when

Rome was r eally govern ed by a s enat e must have ,
commanded Li y s hearty approval O the othe r v

’
. n
1
v 2 975 ( = D I ip t i
. L ti S l t e s sau , n scr o n es a na e e ec a e ,
T Li i O f ib i t i / T Livi T f P ri f l
v us . . s e su s . o . . s co .
,
T L ivi T f L g f
. o C i
. S . f P ri m
on x ri o .
,
a ss ae ex . . ae u o .
S3
C t en X p f 2
. on rov . . ra e . .
It i j t p
3 ib l th t t h
s us r ti with A g t
os s e a e c on v e sa on u us us
m ti d i
en xx 7 t k p l
on e n t m
IV ti m ft t h
. . oo ac e a so e e a er e
o ri gi l p b l i ti f th t b k d t h t t h r f r
na u ca on o w a oo . an a e e e ence as
i rt d l t r
nse e S t Cl d
a e li . ue . au . x .
side when Li y s great history was appealing to men s
,
v
’ ’
p triotism and displaying the ideal Rome as no other

a
literary work ( with the possibl e exception of the

contemporaneous A id ) had ever done it was easy en e ,
fo the Empe r o r to mile at the schola r s exaggerated

’
r s
admiration f P ompey and even to overlook the

1
O ,
frankness Of his que ry whethe r more of good or Of

harm had come to th e state from the bi r th Of Julius
C aesa r 2
Livy died three yea rs afte r A ugust u s in
.
,
17 D at the ripe age of 7 6

A . .
,
If he continued w ork .
ing at his history up to the last h e had devoted m or e

than 40 years to the gigantic enterprise Jerome says .
that he died in P atavium W e can onl y conj ectu r e .
whethe r he was overtaken by death while making a

visit to his Ol d home or had retired thither with the , ,
coming in o f the new r é gime to spend his declinin g ,
years The latte r is pe rhap the more likely s s u m p

. s a
tion The characte r O f Tiberius can have possessed

.
little claim to th e sympathy of Livy and life in Rome ,
may well have lost its cha r m for him n ow that his ,
old patron was no mo r e .
1
T itu A ac s,xx i d ri b i g t h tri l f C m
nn . IV . x v .
,
e sc n e a o re u
ti C d f lé m j té
us or us or th gr
se- d th t h a es h d on e oun a e a
pu b l i h d
s el i w h i
anna sh b p r i d
n B r t d t
c y l d e a se u us an s e
C i t h l t f th R m
a ss u s e as m k O C m ti e
y i
o ans,
”
a es re u us sa n
hi d f
s e T it
en ce : L ivi p
-mi us tf l q u s, d re e nen or e o u ence an
c and r
ou l d d P m p y th t A g t
, so au e o l l d h im e a u us us ca e a
P mp i it i r t h ir ri h ip ”
o y t
e an m d e d ff i a f e no d e en ce n e en s .
S N t Q
en . t v x viii 4
a . u a es . . . .
I NT R O D U C TI O N
T o the subj ugation of Italy ( 2 6 5
V I -X V
. .
X V I — XX The P unic wars to the beginni n g o f

. .
the war with Hannibal ( 2 1 9

XXL — XXX The war with Hannibal ( to 2 01 .
XXXI —XL To t h e death o f King P hilip f

. . O
Macedon ( 1 7 9
XLI - LXX To the outbreak o f the S o cial W
. . ar
( 9 1
LXX I —LX XX The S ocial W r to the death of
. . a
M arius ( 8 6
LXXXI —X C To the death of S lla ( 78
. . u
X C I C VI I I From the war with S ertorius to the

.
— .
G allic W ( 5 8 ar
C IX —C X V I F rom t h e begi n ning of t h e C ivil

. .
W ars to the death of C aesar ( 44

C X V I I —C XXXI I I To the death f A nto n y and
. . o
C leopatra ( 3 0
C XX X I V—C XLI I Th e p r incipate Of A ugustus .
to the death of Drusus ( 9

It will be noticed that certain portions fal l n atur
ally into decades ( notably o r pentads
( g
e . I . E lsewhe
. r e and pa r tic larly in that part ,
u
o f the wo r k which deals with the writer s o w times ’
n ,
no such symmetry is disce rnible Late r however it .
became the uniform practice o f the C opyists to

divide the history in t o decades This is clea rly seen .
in the wholly distinct and indepe dent M S t radition n .
O f the several su r viving ections s .
O nly about a quarter f the whol e work has been o

preserved W e have the P re face and Books I -X
. . .
,
covering th e period from A eneas to the year 2 93 C ; B . .
Books XXL —XXX describing the S econd P unic .
W r ; and Books XXXI —X LV which conti n ue the

a . .
,
story of Rome s conquests dow n to the year 1 6 7 B C ’

. .
and the victories of Lucius A e m i li s P aulus 1

u .
For the loss Of the othe r books the existe n ce from

the first century o f our era of a handy abridgment
is no doubt la rgely responsible It is to this Ma rtial .
alludes in the following distich ( x 1 v .
P e l l ib u s e i g i s t t u r Livius i ge n s
x u ar a n ,
Quem mea non totum bibliotheca capit 2 .
If we had this p o E it m 3
it would be some slight e
compe n satio n fo r the disappea rance of th e original

books but we have o nly a compend of it the
, ,
s o called P rioc l
- and ce rtain excerpts thought t o
e z a e,
have been made from n other summa ry of it no a ,
longe r extant which scholars r e fer to s the , a
C h o ic o
r n to wit th e fr agments of the O y rh y oh
n, , x
o
n us
P py s the P o d igio m L ib e o f O b s e qu e s and

a ru ,
r ru r n ,
the consular lists o f C s s i o d o i s a r u .
The P io l o r summa r ies of the several Books

er c za e ,
( only C XXX V I and C XXX V I I a r e wanting

.
) are th e .
,
1
B k X LI —X LV
oo s ti m yl . . c on a n an acu n ae .
Th tr l t d b y P r f r D ff
us ans a e o e sso u
I v l l m m l l h g L ivy
n e u w i dr s d a u e no s e ss e
My b k h l v ld
oo t h l d h im
s e m pr d e s c ou no o u n co es se .
3
S S h
ee p i
c t ii 1an z
pp 42,5 —42 8
o H A S d r . c .
’
.
, . . . . an e s,
T h L t Ep i t m f Livy
”
e os (i R m o Hi t i l S
e o n o an s or c a ou r ces
an d I ti t t i
ns
p u m k t h i t r ti g
on s , .
gg ti t h t a es e n e es n su es on a
it m y h v b writt b y Li y
a a e ee n en v
’
s s on .
X V II
I N TR O D U C TI O N
most valuable o f these sources f supplying the gaps or
in our text o f Livy Their author narrate briefly . s
what eem to him the leading events in each book

s
,
ad d ing a re ference to other matters treated in the

original The P io / are thus a kind f com
1
. er c za e o
promise between a book of excerpts f the use o f or
readers who for any reason could not or would not go

t o the u n abridged Livy and a tabl e f content ,
o s
fo r the conve ience o f those who did 2 nThey are

usually printed with editions of Livy and are ,
included in this one It may be noted here that .
Pe r .I exists in a doubl e recension of which B

.
,
appears from its style to be o f a piece with those

of all the other book while A is thought to have s,
come fr om th e C h o i o r n c n.
In 1 903 a papyrus was discovered at Oxy r hynchus

which con tained fragments of a compend of Roman
history which was based on Livy thoug h it seems ,
n o t to have been taken from Livy directly but from

the C h o i which w s also as we hav e said
r n co n , a , ,
the source of O b s e q e s and C s i d iu s The u n a s o or .
M S is a signed to the third century and th e book

. s ,
must there fore have been composed in that or a still

earlier period It contains eight col umns f uncial
. o
writing O f th ese 1 —3 preserve a selection of the

.
events reco r ded in Livy B ooks XXX V I I — XL ,

. .
which we have while -8 deal with the subj ect

( ) 4 ,
1
Se e e g t h e la s
. . t s en t en ce of P er I I. .
, p . 43 8 .
2
Sc h an z , p 425 . .
xviii
I N TR O DU C TI O N
matter o f Books XLV I I I —L V Bu t there is a . .
column gone between column 6 and column 7 which ,
t reated f the years 1 43 and 1 42 B

o . C.
M agnus A u r elius C i d o i s S enator lived about ass o r u
480 to 5 7 5 and was C onsul in 5 1 4 ,

nder Theodoric ,
u .
A mo g his writing was a chronicle fr o m A dam to

n s ,
A D 519
. . For the earlier periods he used Eusebius
.
an d Jerome but from the expulsion of T q i i s ,

ar u n u
to A D 3 1 he names as his authorities Titus Livius

. .
and A fid i s Bassus His list of consuls f r this

u u . o
period shows kinship with the O y by ch P py s x r n us a ru
and Ob s e q e s u n .
In his P od igio m Lib e Julius O b s e q e n s r ru r u
enumerates in chronological o r der the portents

which occu rr ed from the year 1 90 to the year
12 B C I n its original form th e catalogue probably
. .
began as the title in t h e M S indicate 1 with th e

,
. s,
year 2 49 The little book is o f unknown date

.
S chanz thinks it is a p r oduct of th e fo rth century u
of our era when paganism made its last struggle

,
against C hristianity Rossbach inclines to a some

2
.
what ear lier date I n any case Rossbach has show n

3 .
that the autho r was a believe r i n p ro digies and ,
there fore a pagan .
1
Ob s e q u e n t is A b A n n o Ur b i s C an d itu a D V P r o
Iu l n
d igi or u m L i b er .
2
Sc a n z , R h
em L i t ” 1
p 85 . . iv .
, . .
a
S e e h i s e d on , p i iti . xxx ii .
INTR O DU C TI O N
I n his preface to the wh o l e w ork Livy gives a satis

factory account O f his c o ncepti o n O f his t o r y and the
ends he himself had in vie w H e begins with an
.
apology fo r a dding to the already large number Of

Roman histo ries Those who attemp t this theme
.
hope he says to surpass their predecessors either in

, ,
accuracy or style and it is doing Livy no inj ustice to

,
infe r that in his own case it was the belief that he

could m ke the st o ry of Rome more vivid and read
a
able than anyone had yet done which gave him the
courage to undertake t h e task But whethe r he suc
.
c e d s o r not h e will be glad he tells us to have don e

e , , ,
what he co u ld for the memory o f the foremost people

o f th e world H e recognizes the imme se labour
. n
which confronts h im in co n sequenc e of the mo r e

,
than seven hundred years w h ich he must deal with ,
and admits that it will be labou r thrown away o n

most O f his reade r s who will have little patience with
,
the earlie r history in their eage rness to be r eading of

the civil wars and the events of their own ge n eration .
I myself o n the contrary he continues — a n d the

, ,
sentiment reveals at once the man s romantic Spi r it

’
“shall seek in this an additional rewa r d fo r my toil

,
that I may turn my back up o n the evils which ou r

age has witnessed for so many yea r s so long at least as
,
I am abs orbed i n t h e r ecollecti o n o f t h e b rave days

XX
INTR O DU C TI O N
Of old 1 H e re fers to th e mar ellous tales which
.
”
v
we r e associated with the founding of the C ity as to

matte r s o f no great cons e quence H e declines to .
vouch f thei r authenticity though he mea n s to set

or ,
them down as he finds them ; and he appare ntly t e

gards them as posse sing a certain symbolic t r uth at s ,
least But the r eally important thing i n R o me s

.
’
histo ry is the way her p o wer wa founded on mo rality s
and discipline waxed mighty with the maintenance o f

,
these and was now fallen upon evil days through

,
their decay Fo r the use o f historical study lies in

.
its application to life The story of a g r eat peopl e .
is fraught with examples and warni gs both fo r th e n ,
individual and for t h e state A d no nation is better . n
worth studying than Rome for in none did righteous ,
n ess a n d primitive simplicity so long resist the e n
c ro h m e t s o f wealth and luxury

ac n .
It was the ethical aspect of hist ory the n that chie fl y

appealed to Livy and h e chose Rome fo r his subj ect
,
because the rise o f the Roman empi r e seemed to him

the best example of the fruitio n Of those qualities
which h e wished to i culcate To do this h e must n .
fi rst o f all win the interest of his readers and i f ,
morality is his goal style is certainly the road by .
which he h o pes t o lead me n towa rds it W e must .
therefo r e fix o ur atte ntion thes e t wo things if we on
w o uld app ro ach Li v y s work in the spirit of his ’
I 1
th r p g ( X
n an o x iii 2 ) Livy t ll th t wh
e as s a e L II I . . e s us a en
h i writi g f ld -w rl d t h i g h i
e s n o p irit
o m h w b o m n s s s so e o eco es
o f hi
ld - das on e .
ancient readers and understand their almost q l i , un ua
fi e d approval of it .
Fo r Li y s success was both immediate and lasting

v
’
1 have alrea dy re ferred to the frank way in wh ich h e

himsel f recognized his fame in the pre face to one of ,
the books f his Hi tory and th e younger P liny tells

o s ,
a delight ful story o f enthusiastic S panish admirer an
who t ravelled from C adiz to Rome solely to behold

the great writer and having gratified his curiosity ,
returned forthwith to his home L i y s magnanimity

1
. v
’
was warmly praised by the elder S eneca who said ,
that he was by natu r e a most candid j udge of all

great talents and i t is a striking testi m ony to the
2
,
j ustice of this obser ation that the m o dern r eader s v

’
admiration fo r Hanniba l is l rgely a r e flection of a
L i y s which ll his prej dice against Rome s most

’ ’
v ,
a u
formidable enemy could not altogether ti fle Tacitus s .
too admired Livy whom he considered the mos t elo ,
quent of the older historia n s as Fabius Rusticus was ,
of the more recent 3 Q u intilian compared him with .
Herodotus and spoke o f the wonderfu l fascination

,
O f his narrati e his g r eat fairness and the i e v , ,

n x
pressible eloquence of the speeches in whic h every ,
thing was suited not only to the circumstances but to

the speake r Quintilian also p raised his r ep r ese nt
4
.
1
P lin Ep . . II iii 8
. . .
2
Sen Su as
. . vi 2 2 . .
3
A gr i c . x . an d the r
p a s s a ge al eady q t uo ed r
f om the
A n n a ls ( I V .
1
Q u in t I n s t Or X
. . . . i 101 T h r
. . e e a re s o m e 400 of th ese
in s e r t e d s p e e c e s in t h eh e xt t t x tan e , som e cons s i ti n

g o f o n ly
XX II
I NT R O D U C TI ON
and S ilius
Italiens A s c n iu s V ale r ius M aximus ,
o , ,
F o ti
r n s Floru and the Greeks C assius Di and
nu ,
s, o
P luta r ch A ie . s in th e fourth century tur ed

v nu , ,
n
Livy into iambic se arii a to d e f o c e which has not n ,

ur r
come down to u s In the fi fth he is cited by P ope

1
.
Gelasius 2 and th e gra m marian P riscian used him in

,
th e sixth C omparatively little read in the M iddle

.
A ges Livy found a warm admirer in Dante who used

, ,
him in the second book of his De M o a / a and in

'
n rc u ,
the Di i a C om m d i re fe r s to him naively as Livio

v n e a
che non er r a 3
The Italians of the Renaissance
.
”
seized upon Li v y s History with avidity The poet ’
B e c a d e l l i sold a country place to enabl e him to pur

c
-
chase a copy by the hand of P oggio P etrarch was .
among th o se who hoped for the recove ry of the lo t s
decades and P ope N icholas V exerted himself with

,
.
out avail to discover them W ith th e emendations .
in Books XXL— XX V I by Laurentius Valla the .

1
‘
critical study f the text was inaugurated The yea

o . r
1 46 9 saw the first printed edition of the Hi tory s ,
which w prod ced in Rome Early i n the sixteenth

as u .
century M achiavelli wrote his famous D i o i s l sc rs u
P i m o Lib
r d l l D c / d i T ito L iv ia
ro e e It is not tooe re .
much to say that from th e Revival of Learning to the

present time Livy has been generally recognized as
one o f th e world s great w rite r s The English ’
schola r M un r o p r onounced him o wner of what is

S rvi
1
e V irg A x 3 88 S h
u s on V ” i p 20
. en . .
,
c an z , I . . . .
H rt F g 12 ( i h i
2
e z d iti
,
raf Livy )
. n s e on o .
I f
3
n xx viii I2
e rn o , B r i R m 1 407
. .
4
o n n o e, .
“pe r haps the greatest prose style that has ever been
written i any age or language
n
1
and his hi to ry ,
s
“
seemed to N iebuhr a a colossal maste rpiece 2
.
”
The qual itie which gave Livy his lo fty place in

s
literature e easily di covered H e was a high

ar s .
minded patriot inspired with a genuine desire to ,
promote the wel fare of his country A idealist of . n
t h e most p r o n ounced type h e was endo wed as n o t ,

-
all idealists are — with a breadth o f sympathy which

enabled him to j udge men with charity and to disce r n ,
in the most diverse characte r s whateve r admirable

traits they might possess I n him a passionate love .
O f Ob l e deeds and a rare insight into the workings

n
O f the mind and heart were united with a strength of
i m agination which enabled him to clothe th e s h adowy

names of Rome s old worthies with the flesh and blood’
O f living men Finally h i ma tery f all the resources

.
,
s s o
of language is only equalled by his never -failing tact

and sense Of fitness in the use o f them It is di ffi cult
3
.
to desc ribe in a few words so c o mplex an instrument

1
C r i ti c i s m s a nd El u ci d a ti o n s of C a t u ll u s Lo n d o n , ,
p 23 2 .
Se e t h e In o d u c
1 tr ti on to h is R o m a n H i s tor y I . h va e
t t
ak e n m o s o f t h e m a t rie al fo r thi r r h r
s p a ag ap f o m Sc h an z ,
pp . 43 8— 441 .
3
W a c h s m u th , Ei n l ei t u n g in das S tu d i u m d cr a l te n
Gcsc h i c h te , p 5 9 1 . . vn w W ac h s m u t h say s N0 on e e e no can
i f h i t h r l l i g rr tiv
e sc ap e t h e m a g c d t ohi s en a n na a e, an o s
cou n t ry m w h t h r t m p r ry
en ,
fe l t r g r ti e c on e o a or o a a e en e a on ,
hi ty l m
s s th v be us b l t ly f i ti g W
a e teen a so u e a sc n a n . e a re n o
su rp ri d t h t L ti p k i g m k i d i t h ti m f t h
se a a n-s ea n an n n e e o e
Em p ir w th e sa i t h i t ry f R m l m t x l iv l y
e anc en s o o o e a os e c us e
t hr gh t h f Li y
”
ou y e e es o v .
I NT R O D UC TI O N
as Li y s style P erhaps it might fairly be said that
v
’
it is di tinguish ed by the attributes of wa rmth and

s
amplitude The Livian period less formal and

.
,
r egula r than that o f C icero whom Livy so greatly d ,

a
mired is fully as intricate and reveals a n amazing

1
, ,
sen itiveness t o the r hetorical pos ibilities inherent

s s
in word orde r To the first decade and especially

- 2
.
,
Book I Li y has c o nsciously no doubt given a

.
,
v , ,
slightly archaic and poetical colour in keeping with ,
th e subj ect matter ; and his extraordinary faculty

- 3
fo r visualizing and dramatizing the men and event s
O f Roman story reminds s even more insistently u
of Quintilian s dictum that history is a ki n d o f

’
p r ose poetry .
4
Yet despite his many r emarkable gi fts it is only too

clea r th at Livy was deficient in some f the mo t O s
essential qualifications fo r prod cing such a histo ry o f u
Rome as would sati fy the standar ds o f our own day s .
Neithe r well informed nor specially interested in

politics or the a r t o f war and lacking even such ,
practical knowledge of constitutional matter as scores s
of his contemporaries must have gained from partici

pating i n the actual business o f the state b e under ,
took to t race the development o f th e greatest military

1
Q u i n t I n st Or .3 9 ; S e n S u d s V i I 7 a n d 22
. . X . i . . . . .
1
. . r
H D N a y l o , L a t i n a n d En glis h I d iom , p 6 , s a y s .
If I wr e e a s k ed
‘
W a i s t h e g e a fe a u e o f L y e ’
ht r t t r iv
t
s y le ? ’
wI o u ld b ol d ly a n s e r : H i s b ll a n u se of w ri i t
r r
o de .
3
r
N o d e n , A n t ike K u n s tp r o s a i , p 2 3 5 . . .
1
‘
i t
Q u n I n s t Or X . 31 H s o a . . est .
p o i m a
. . i t ri r xi
ti
p oe s e t q u o d a m m od o c a m e n s ol u t u m r .
xxvi
I NT R O DU C TI O N
power ( save o n e ) that the world has eve r seen and ,
the growth of an empire which has taught the

principles of organization and government to all
succee d ing ages Nor was this lack f technical k n ow
. o
ledge the only o r indeed the heaviest handicap that

Livy was compelled to carry His mind was funda .
mentally uncritical and he was unabl e to subj ect his ,
authorities to such a j udicial examination as might

have made it possible fo him to choose the safer guides r
and rej ect the les trustworthy Towards o riginal s .
doc ments h e mani fests a n almost incredible in d iff

u er
ence A s regards the earlier period he himse l f

1
,
remarks that th e G auls in burning Rome had swept

away t h e p t i fi c l commentaries and pretty much
on a
all the other public and private records but there is

2
,
nothing to indicate that he made much use of eve n

such shreds of evidence as su r vived the fire or that ,
he r e ferred in writing o f a later period t o so

, ,
important a source as the A l s M im i though nna e ax ,
they had been publi hed in 1 2 3 C in eighty books s B . .

, ,
by P M uci s S caevola H e excuses himself from

. n .
tra n scribing the expiatory hymn composed by Livius

A nd r onicus and publicly su g in the yea r 2 07 B C
,
n , . .
,
by a chorus of girls as a thing too uncouth for ,
modern taste H e seems neve r to hav e bothe r ed

3 .
T i
1
a ne sa
y O tr v p [ h T it Liv ] l am r
s n na ou e as c ez e e
’
ou
i f t ig b l d l i
n a a em p l et t d l v é rit é b
e l
a sc en c e II co e e e a a so u e .
g ut i l i
’ ’
n en a q l ue
p el p o (E i T it n en a as a ass on as a su r e
Li v e,
p .
2
Li v i 2 . VI . . .
3
Li XX xxx vi I 3
v . VI I . i . .
xxvii
IN TR O DU C TI O N
to xamine th e terrain Of so important a battl e as
e
C annae d his account of the operations there

,
an
shows that h e had n o very clea r notion f the topo o
graphy of the field It would be easy to multiply .
in tances There is an exampl e at 11 xli 10 where

s . . .
,
he refe rs t o a n inscription but without having him ,
sel f consulted i t as his con t emporary Dionysius of , ,
Halica r nassus did 1

, .
Li y s history upplanted the works of the annali ts

’
v s s
,
which have consequently perish ed so that it is im ,
possible to asce rtain with exactness his relation to

his sources His ow n references to them are r athe r
.
casual H e makes no attempt to indicate his a thor

. u
ities systematically but cites them in certain cases ,
where they conflict with one another o r where he is ,
sceptical of their statements and does not choose t o

assume t h e r esponsibility fo them O ften h e does
2 r .
n ot give names but contents himself with a phrase ,
“
like men say or I find in certain writers Fo r
”
.
, ,
the fi rst decade he de r ived his materials from a num

ber of annalists The Oldest we r e Q Fabius P icto r and
. .
L C in c i s A lim e t u s Both men wrote in Greek and

. u n .
li ved in the time o f the wa r with Ha nnibal i n which ,
b oth men fought A nothe r was L C alpurni s P iso . . a
F g i wh o o pposed the Gracchi and was consul in

ru ,
1
D i on . H a l A n tiq R o m
. . . IV . xx vi . a n d V I II xx vii Di
. . on
y
s iu s a n d
L y o k ed iv w r i nd e
pen den tl y o f e ac h th r th
o e , ou
gh
they u se d c om m o n s o u r ces .
1
A K lo z ,
. Z u d en t Q u e ll e n d e r 4t e n u n d 5 ‘3‘m De k a d e d e s
L ivi
us in H erm es , l .
pp 4 8 2
. a n d 53 6 .
xxvii i
INTR O DU C TI O N
C ato
s val uabl e h isto ry the O igi he seems ’
’
2
,
r n es ,
not to have used until he came to treat of the events

in which C ato himsel f played a part It was to writers .
who lived nearer his own day whose style caused ,
Livy to rank them above their less ophisticated but s
no doubt f more trustworthy predecessors that he ar
mainly resorted S uch were V alerius A ntias whose .

,
seventy -fi e books we r e ce rtainly the most abundant

v
source available and are thought to have c o vered the ,
history o f Ro m e to the death of S ulla ; C Licinius .
M ace r tribune f the plebs in 7 3 who w r ote from

,
o ,
the dem o c ratic standpoint ; and Q A e l i s Tubero . u ,
who took part in the C ivil W on the side of ar
P ompey and brought down his annals to his o wn

,
times .
For the third decade Li v y used P olybius though ,

3
whether directly o r through a Roman intermediary ,
and whether for the whole o r only a part o f the ten

books are questio n s still s b i d ice For this decade
,
u u .
h e also drew upon L C o e l i s A ntipater a wr iter . u ,
whose t r eatise on the S econd P unic W in seven ar
H mp 1
d mpr h
e co iv h r i l f R m v t
ose a co e en s e c on c e o o an e en s
i
n se v b k writt i L ti en oo s, en n a n .
T hi w k
1 l i v b k b gi i g with t h
s or , a so n se en oo s, e nn n e
A l g d d m i g d w t th y r f t h th r ’
en eas - e en an co n o n o e ea o e au o s
d th 1 49
ea C h ld h v b
,
f t h gr t t
B . . t L ivy
,
s ou a e e en o e ea es u se o .
3
P ly b i w b r
o b t 2 10 C i M g l p l i w h r
us as o n a ou B . .
,
n e a o o s , e e
h di d t th
e g e f 82 H i gr t p h i l
a
p h i l h i t ry f
e a e o . s ea oso ca s o o
th R m e fr m t h o tb r k f t h S d P i W t
an s , o e ou ea o e econ un c ar o
t h f l l f C ri t h i 146
e a C o t i d f rty b
o k n O ly , n B . .
, c on a ne o oo s . n
I —. x t t i th i tir ty b t w h v x tr t fr m
V . a re e an n e r en e , u e a e e ac s o
VI —X . d m fr gm
V II I t f xi x — l
.
, an so e a en s O . x .
books had introduced into Roman literatu r e the
1
gen r e o f th e historical monograph .
I th e fourth and fi fth decades L i y s main reliance

’
n v
s eems to have been P olybiu in describing eastern s,
a ffairs and the annalist Q C laudius Q d rig iu s

,
2 s . ua ar
and Valerius A ntias in treating o f Italy and S pain , .
A r ecent c r itic 3
has fou n d reason for thinking that
Livy used Valerius as his chief authority for western
matters ( controlling his statements howeve r by those
O f C laudius ) until coming to the prosecutio n o f S cipio ,
( see Book XXX V I I I ) he found so much i n V alerius ,
that was incredible that his mistrust which had ,
hitherto been confined to that annalist s r ep orts of ’
numbe r s ( see g x x m x caused him to take

e . . x . .
C laudius thence forth for his principal guide .
This un cientific attitude towards the ou r ces was

s s
the product partly of Li y s own characte r istics partly v

’
o f the conception of history as a means of e d ifi t io ca n
and entertainment prevalent in ancient times A .

4
n
othe r shortc o ming which woul d have to be insisted ,
on if we we r e criticising him as though he were a

contempo rary is his inability to clear his mind o f
,
ideas belonging to his own day in considering th e

men and institutions o f the past — tho gh this again ,
u
is a limitation which he shares wi t h his age .
1
W ritt ft r t h d t h f C G r
en a h i 12 1 B C
e e ea o . ac c u s, n . .
2
Cl d i wr t f t h p ri d fr m t h G l l i i v i t
au us o e o e e o o e a c n a s on o
hi w ti m
s o n th S ll g H i w rk h d
es, t f w r th
e u an a e . s o a no e e an
3
23 b koo A Kl t
s .
p i t p 53 3 . o z , o . c .
, . .
Q i t I t O x i 3 1 ; P l i Ep iii 9 ; C i D
1
u n . ns . r. . . n . . V . v . c . e
O t ii 5 9
ra . . .
XX X
I NTR O DU C TI O N
We have seen that each o f the exta nt decades was

handed down in a separate t r adition The manu .
sc r ipts o f the later portions will be b rie fl y described

in introductory n otes to the v olumes i n which they
are contained Books I X are prese r ved i a two
. .
- . n
fold M S traditi on . O e family is r epresented by a . n
single M S the V e r o n a palimpsest ( V ) The po rtion

.
,
.
o f this codex which contains th e Livy consists of

sixty leaves on which are preserved fr agments o f
,
Books I I I -V I written in uncial characters of the

. .
,
fo u rth century These fragments we r e deciphered

.
a n d published by M omms en in 1 8 68 The

'
othe r family is the s o -called Ni h o m c h e c a an .
This edition as it may be called of the fi r st decade

, ,
was pr o duced under the au pices of Q A u r elius s .
Symmachus who was consul in 3 91 A D

,
H e appea r s . .
to have commissioned T a s c iu s V ict oria n us t o prepare

an amended copy of Books I —X and the latter s . .
,
’
subscripti o n ( Vict ria m d b a m d o m i is Sy m m c h i )

o n us e en a n a s
is found afte r every book as far as th e n inth In .
Books V I —V I I I the subscription of V ictorianus is

. .
p r eceded by one f Ni h o m a c h u s Fl i s son -i o c av an u , n
law of S ym machus ( Nic h o m h s F l i II I ac u a v a nu s v . c . .
p r ae
f cte b i.eme d i
ur
p d H e s m ) a n d in Books
n av a u nna ,
I I I —V by o n e of N ic h m c h u s Dexte r a son o f
. . o a ,
v i Nic h o m a c h us Dex te r v
F l a v ia n u s ( T i ti L i . c . e m en d a v i a b
XX XII
b
u r e c on who adds the information i n subsc ribing
d ita ), ,
Book V that he had used the copy o f his kinsman

.
,
C le m e t i u s n To this origin all the M S S o w extant

an . . n
a r e re ferred with th e exception of the Ve

,
is ro n e n s .
The m o st famous membe r o f the family is the M d i e c e us ,
a minuscule codex of th e te th o r eleventh centu ry n
containing the ten books and written with g r eat

fi d e l i t y — even in absurdities — to its exemp l ar It .
has bee n shown to be the wor k o f at least th r ee

sc ri b es The M S abounds with dittographies and
. .
othe r e rr o r s but is possibly th e most valuable o f its

,
class because of its honesty F or full description

,
. a
of this and th e othe r Ni h o m c h e an M SS the r eade r c a .
sh o uld consult th e O xford editio n o f Livy Books I —V , . .

,
by C onway a n d Walters A list o f all t h e M S S used . .
in that editio n is give at the e n d of this int roduction n .
The e d itio p ri c p edited by A ndreas afte r wards n e s, ,
Bishop o f A leria was issued in Rome i n 1 46 9 I n , .
1 5 1 8 cam e the A ldine editi on T h e fi r st complet e .
e ditio n o f all the bo o ks n o w exta n t was als o bro ght u
o ut at R o me in 1 6 1 6 by Lu s ig u s Of m o de rn
, ,
n an .
edi t ions may b e m entioned th o se O f G ro n o i u s v ,
Leyden 1 6 45 and 1 6 79 Dra k e n b o rc h ( with no tes

,
of Duke r a n d othe r s and t h e supplements of ,
F e in s h e im i u s ) Leyden 1 7 3 8 —1 746 A l s c h e fs k i Be r
r , , ,
lin 1 8 41-1 8 46 ( critical edition o f B o oks I —X and

, . .
XXL —XX I I I ) a n d Be rlin 1 8 43 —44 ( text o f B ooks

, ,
I —X a d XX I
. . n M advig and Ussi n g C 0p e n
.
,
hage n 1 8 8 6 if ( M a d v ig s Em e d tio es Liv i e —

‘
, .
’
n a n ana a
x xxiii
VO L . I
I NTR O DU C TI O N
classic of c ritici m — m d appeared at C o pe n hagen s a
in H ertz Leipsic 1 8 5 7— 18 6 3 ; W eissenborn , ,
( T e b e utext revised
n by Mr M ulle r and W H e e s),
. . ra u
Leipsic 1 8 8 1 iii ; Luchs Books XXL —X X V a n d

, , .
XX VI —XXX Berlin 1 8 8 8 —1 8 8 9 ( best critical p

. .
, , a
paratus fo r third decade ) ; Z i ge l e Leipsic 1 8 8 8 n r , ,
1 908 ; W eissenborn and H J M ii ll e Berlin 1 8 8 0 . . r, ,
1 909 ( best explanatory editio o f the whole o f Livy n

,
wit h Ge r man n otes ; the seve ral volumes are more

o r less frequently republished in revised editions ) ;
M M ller F L t e b h e r E W Ol fll i H J M ller
. u , . u r ac ,
. n, . . u ,
a n d F F i e d e s d o ff ( Books I — X and XXL X XX

. r r r . .
—
,
separate vol u mes with German notes ) Leipsic various , ,
dates ; Books I and I I are i n their second editio n . .
( 1 1 by .W H e e s
) . ra u .
O f th e numerous editions o f parts of the first decade

which are provided with E glish notes may be cited n
Book I by S ir J S eeley O x fo rd 1 8 74 ; by H J
. .
, , . .
Edwards C a mb r i d ge 1 9 1 2 ; Books I and I I by J B

, ,
. . . .
Greenough Boston 1 8 9 1 B o ok I I by R S C onway

'
. .
, , .
,
C ambridge 1 901 Books 11 and I I I by H M

,
. . . .
Stephenson London 1 8 8 2 Book I I I by P Thoresby, ,

. .
J o nes O x fo r d 1 9 1 4 ; Book IV by H M S tephenso n

, ,
. . .
,
C ambridge 1 8 90 Books V — V II by A R C l u e and

,
. . . . r
P E M atheson O xfo rd 1 904 ; Book I X by W B

. .
2
, , . . .
A nde r son C ambridge 1 909 , ,

.
For th e first decade the critical editi o n by C onway

and W alte r s of which the first half was published by,
the O xford Unive rsity P r ess i n 1 9 1 4 is the sta ndard , .

”
xxxiv
There are translations of the whole o f Livy by
P hilemon Holland London 1 600 ; by G eorge Baker , , ,
Lo ndon 1 7 97 ; and by Rev C anon Roberts now in

,
.
,
course o f publication in Everyman Library London ’
s , ,
191 2 if Boo k XXL —X X V have been done by A J

. s . . .
C hu r ch and W J B rodribb London 1 8 90 . .

, , .
Of b OO k s concer ed wholly or in pa r t with Liv y n
the following may be mentioned : H Taine E s .

, s az
sur T il e Li P a r is 1 8 5 6 ; J Wight D u ff A L it
v e,
y,
.
, e ra r
H i t y of R o m e London
s or d N e w York 1 909 ; O
,
an , .
Riemann Et d es s la L a g e et l G m m i e d c
,
u ur n u a ra a r
T il -Li e P a r is 1 8 8 5 ; C W achsmuth Ei l it g i
e v , , ,
.
,
n e un n
das S t di m d a li u G e c h ic h t Leipsic 1 8 95 ; H
er a en s e, , .
Da r nley Naylor L a ti d E gl i h Id io m , Obj t n an n s ,

an ec
Les s o f o m Li y s P r f c e and M o e L ti
’
n r v a d e a ,
r a n n
E glis h Id io m C amb r idge 1 909 d 1 91 5

’
n , ,
ff an .
Fo r furthe r in fo rmation about t h e bibliography of

Livy including the g r eat mass o f pamphlets and
,
pe r iodical articl es t h e student may consult S chanz , ,
G s hi h t d om i c h L i 1 M unich 1 9 1 1
3
' '
e c c e t te
er rl s en ra u r 1 1 . , ,
( in Iwan von M ii l l e s H d b ch d Kl s i h r
’
an u er a s sc en
Al t t m i
er u s h
fl) and
s rv s s e n c the various J h b ai h t a res er c e,
by H J M ii ll e r d o the r s which S chan z lists

. . an ,
on
p 41
. 8 .
o : C omm e n t a r y on B ooks I —V by R M
S e e al s . . . .
Ogilvie O xfor d 1 96 5 ; C omplete Text f Livy by

, ,
O
C onway W alte r s J o h n s on M a Do l d O xford still

, , , c na , ,
i n prog r ess .
X XX V
T H E M A N USC R IP T S
V = V e ro n e n s is , 4t h century .
F Fl o ria c e n s is , 9t h centu y r .
P P i i i l 0t h century
ar s e n s s, .
E Ei i d l i s 1 0t h century
ns e ens , .
H H l i prior l ot h centu ry
ar e a n u s , .
B B m b g e i l ot h or 1 1 t h century
a er n s s, .
l lI = M d i 10t h or 1 1 t h ce n tu ry
e c e u s, .
Vo r m V m ti
. i (
or r epo r ted by Rh e
a ens s
) as n an us .
R Romanus l 1 t h century , .
U Up l i i l 1 t h century
sa e n s s, .
D D mi i o 1 1 t h o r 1 2 t h ce n tu r y
n c a n u s, .
L L id si e1 2 th centu ry
en s, .
A A gi e si 1 3 th centu ry
nn n s, .
M 1
M etc denote c orr ectio n s made by the o r iginal
2
.
scribe o r a late r c o r r ect or W hen it is .
impossibl e to ide n tify th e co r recto r M x
is e m ployed .
Q all or som e o f the above M SS .
a late r part o f A 1 4th centu r y ,

.
9 o n e or mo r e o f the infe r i or M SS a d early n
editi on s .
A B B R EV IAT IO N S
Ald .
( or ed . A ld .
) th e
= A ldine editi on ,
V enice ,
1 518 .
C a s s io d . C a s s i o d o ri u s .
C la s s Q u a rt
. T h e C la s s ic a l Q u a rte rly , L
. o ndon 1 907 if , .
C LL
. C o rp u s Ins c rip tion u m L a tin a ru m ,
. vol i 2
Berlin
. .
,
1 8 93 — 5 .
Dio d . Di o d o r u s S i c u l u s .
Dion . Hal Dionysius of

. Halica rn assu s .
xxxvi
L IV Y
F R O M T H E F O U N DIN G O F T HE C IT Y
B O OK I
T . L IV I
AB U RB E C O N DIT A
L I BE R I
P R A EF A T IO
FA C T U R USN E pe rae pretium sim si a pr mordio

O ,
1
i
urbis res populi Romani p e s ip s e im nec satis scio r cr r , ,
2 nec si ciam dicere ausim quippe qui cum e t e e m

,
s , ,
v r
tum v o l g t m esse rem id e m dum ovi semper

a a v a ,
n
s crip t o e s aut in r ebus

r e ti s aliquid l l t s se c r u a a u ro
aut s ib e d i arte r dem

cr n t st t e m s u p
a t ro s ve u a e ra u
3 cr ed t
un Ut c u m q e
. it i b it t m e
u rerum
er ,
uva a n
g e st um
ar mem o riae p i i p i s t e a m populi pro
r nc rr ru
v irili parte e t ip um o s l is s e ; e t si in tanta

s c n u u
s c ip t
r m turba mea fama in obscuro sit nobilitate
o ru ,
ac magnitudine e o m me qui nomini o fii c ie t meo ru n
4 co n s o le r R es e t p a e t e e a e t i mme n si ope r is u t
. s r r ,
quae sup r a s e p t i ge t e s im m a n num repet a tur e t

n n u ,
1
ope r
ae p r ti
e um s im S a b el l ic u s ( f r om Qu in t . 1x . iv . 74)
s im o p e r ae p r tie u m n .
LI V Y
quae ab e ig is p ro fe c t i it s c c re e it u t iam
x u a n n c v r
magnitudine l b o e t sua ; e t l e g e t i m p l e is q e
a r n u r u
haud dubito quin primae o rigines p o im q e origi r x a u
n i b s minus e b it u r ol t t i sint fe sti n t ib

u
p p ra s a s v u a , na u
ad haec nova quibus iam p i d e m p e l e t is populi

,
r ra va n
vires se ip s e c o fi i t : ego c o ntra hoc quoque

a n c un
l b o i s p ra e m i u m p e t a m u t m e a c o s p e c t
a r ma lo , n u
r um quae nostra t o t pe r n o s vidit aetas t t is p e r a n ,

an
certe dum prisca illa tota mente e p e t e rt a m r o, av ,
om i s e p e rs cu r a c quae s c ib e t is
n x im u m etsi r n an ,
non fle t e e a vero s o l l i it m t m e e ffi e posset

c r ,
c u a n cer .
Quae ante c o d it m c o d e n d m e b e m p o e t ic i s
n a n a v ur
magis deco ra f b l is quam in c o rru p t is r e r um ges

a u
tarum m on u m e t i s t d u n t u ea n ec d firm e n ec
n ra r, a ar
r e fe l l e e i n a n im o est
r D t r haec venia t i qu it t i
. a u an a ,
u t m i s e n d o humana divinis p r im or dia u rb i u m augus

c
t i or fa c i a t ; e t si cui popul o lice r e o p o t e t c o n s e

a r
crare origines suas e t ad deos re fe rre auct or es ea ,
belli gloria est populo R o man o t cum suum c o n u
d it o ris qu e sui p e n t e m M arten p o t i s s im u m fe t

ar ) ra
tam e t h o c gentes h u m n a e p t i t u aequo a n im o a a an r
quam imperium p t iu t u r S e d haec e t his similia a n .

,
u tcum
q ue im a d v e rs aut
an e x is t i m t e ru n t ha d a a ,
an
i n magn o e q id e m ponam disc rimine : ad illa mihi

u
p r o se quisque c rit e r in t e n d t im u m quae vita

a a an , ,
ivy r f r t t h
1
L i m iti i vit b l y r d b y
e e s o e an os es ne a a ou s e
writ wh d l t wit h u h th r y ub j t
e rs o ea th ivi l s c o n s ec s as e c
w r d ri g t h l if ti m f m a y wh h d t k p rt i
a s, u n e e e o n o a a en a n
th m e .
B OO K I
ab o ve seven hundred years and that proceeding from ,
slende r beginnings it has so increased now to be as
burdened by its own magnitude ; and at the same

time I doubt not that to mo t readers the earliest s
origins and the period immediately ucceeding them s
will give littl e pleasure f they will be in haste to ,

or
reach these modern time in which the might of a s,
peopl e which h s long been very power ful i working

a s
its own undoing I mysel f on the contrary shall.

, ,
seek in this an additional reward f my t oil that I or ,
may ave r t my gaze fr om th e trouble which our age s
has been witnes ing for so many year so long at

s s,
lea t
s I am absorbed in th e recollection f the
as o
brave days of old free from every car e which even , ,
i f it could n ot divert the historian s mind fro m the

’
truth might nevertheless cause it anxiety

,
1
.
S uch traditions as belong to the time before the

city was founded or rather was presently to be ,
fo nded and are rather adorned with poetic legends

u ,
than based upon tru two rthy historical proo fs I s

,
purpose neither to a ffirm no r to re fute It is the .
privilege f antiquity to mingle divine things with

o
human and so to add dignity to the beginning of

, s
citie ; and if any people ought to be allowed to

s
con ec rate their origin and re fer them to a divine

s s
sou r ce so great is the m ilitary glory of the Roman

,
P eopl e that when they pro fess that their Father and
the Father f their Founder w none oth er than
o as
M a r s the nations of the earth may well submit to

,
this also with as good a grace as they submit to

Rome s dominion B t to such legends as these
’
. u
,
however th ey shall be r egarded and j udged I shall , ,
for my own part attach no great impo rtance Here

, .
a r e the questions to which I would have every r eader

LI V Y
qui m o res fu e i t pe r quos viros q ib s q e t i b u s

r n ,
u u u ar
domi m il it i e q e t partum e t a ue t m imperium sit auc u
labente d e e p i d n l t i m disciplina e t d e s id e t is
au al 1 v u n
primo mores s e q t animo d e i d e t magi magis ua ur ,

n u s
que lapsi sint tum ire c e p e i t p e ip i t e s donec

,
o r n ra c ,
ad haec tempora quibus nec vitia nostra nec r emedia

pati possumu p e e t m est s rv n u .
H o c il l u d est p e ip e in gra i t i c
o e re r um u co n n
salubre ac f gi fe m m is te exempli documenta

ru ru ,
o n
in i l u s t ri posita monumento i t e i ; inde tibi

n n u r
t e
ua
q e r
u ei publicae quod i m i t e e capias inde r ,
fo e d u m i c e p t n f e d m e it u, quod vites C ete r um

o u x u, .
aut me amor negotii s s c e p t i fallit aut n ulla um u ,
quam e publica nec maior nec s t io nec bonis

r s an c r
e e m p l is
x d it i o fuit nec in quam r ,
i i t t e m tam c v a
se e avaritia l
ra i q e i m ig ux ur a e i t u nec ubi tan
n ra v r n ,
tus ac tam d i p p e t t i ac p a rs im o i e b o nos u au r a n a
fuerit A deo quanto rerum minus

. tanto minus ,
cu
p i d i t t i erat
a ;s n per d i i t i e a i t i m et abu v n a avar a
dantes l u p t t e s desiderium per l m atque libi

vo a ux u
d i e m p e re
n d i p e rd e d i q e omnia i n e e e
un n u v x r .
S e d q e e ll e u r e tum quidem gratae f t r e

a ,
n u u a
cum fo s it r e c e ss
an i e e n t ab initi o certe
ar a ru n ,
t t e o d i e d e r ei
an a r n b s i t ; cum bonis potins omi
a a n
n ib u s v o t is
q ue et
p re c a t i o n ib u s d e o ru m d e a ru m q u e ,
1
d e s id e n t e s d i s c id e n t i s M d i s s i d e n t is ( or d is s id e n
tes) Q .
1
t h r r
T h e m e a p o i s f o m a d e c a y n g b u ld n g i i i .
2 t iv
T h e m on u m en L y m ean s is t h e b od y o f a na ti ’
on s
ac hi v t
e e m e n s ( cf r es in l ), t h e
.
“
s o y of a hi t r na ti on , in
6
BOO K I
give his close attention — what li fe and morals we r e
like ; through what men and by what policies in ,
peace and in war empire was established and e , n
l g e d ; then let him

ar ote h o w with the gradual n ,
relaxation of discipline mo rals first gave way as it , ,
were then sank lower and lower and finally began

, ,
the downwa r d plunge which has b rought us to the

1
present time when we can endure neither ou r vices

,
nor their cure .
W hat chie fl y makes th e study of histo r y wholesome

and profitable is this that you behold the lessons o f ,
every kind o f experience set forth as on a c o s p ic n u
ous monument ; rom these you may choose f

2 f
or
yoursel f and fo you r own state what to imitate from

r ,
these mark fo r avoidance what is shame ful in the

conception and shame ful in the result For the rest .
,
either love of the task I have set myself deceives me ,
or no state was ever greater none more righteous or ,
richer in good examples none eve r was wh ere avarice ,
and luxury came into the social o r der so late or where ,
humble means and thri ft we r e so highly esteemed

and so long held in honour For true it i s that th e .
less men s wealth was the less was th eir greed O f

’
, .
late riches have brought in avarice and excessive

, ,
pleasu r es the longing to carry wantonness a n d licence

to the point o f r uin for o eself a n d of universal n
destruction .
But complaints a r e su r e to be dis greeable even a ,
when they shall perhaps be necessary ; let the begin

nin g at all events o f so great an enterp r ise have
, ,
none W ith good omens rather wou l d we begin and

.
, ,
i f historians had the same custom which poets have ,
th t b j tiv
a o ec f th w d T h i h lik
e sen se to e or . s e en s o a
mon u m t f t en wh i h m
o d d r rd d
s on e o n c en s
’
ee s a re ec o e .
5 1, poetis n obis quoque mos esset l ib e t iu s
u t , ,
n
inc i p e e m s u t o rs i s tantum o pe r is s u c c e s s s pros

r u ,
u
pe ro darent s .
I . primum omnium satis co n stat Tr oia capta

1a m
in e t e s s e it m esse Troianos : d o b s A e e e
c ro a v u u u ,
n a
A te
n i q e e t vetusti iure h o s p i t i i e t quia pacis
n or u ,
re d d e d e
q ne H elenaea sempe r auctores
u fue unt r ,
omne ius belli A c h iv o s b s t i u is s e ; c s ib s d e i n d e a n a u
va r ns A n t e o e m cum multitudi n e E e t m qui

n r n u ,
s e d it i o e ex P aphlagonia pulsi e t
n sedes e t d e m uc
r ege P y l e m e e ad T i m m is s o q e e b t
a n ro a a ua r an ,
venisse in in t im u m maris H d ri t ic i sinum Eu g a a ,

a
n e i s q e qui inte r ma r e A lp e s qu e i c o l e b
u ,
t p ls is n an ,
u ,
E e t o s T o i o s q u e eas t e u i s e ter ras

n r an Et in quem n s .
primum egressi sunt locum Troia o c t u p a go qu e v a r,
inde T r oiano nomen e t : gens unive r sa V eneti s
appellati A e e m ab simili clade domo p o f g m

. n a r u u ,
sed ad m io r erum initia d c e t ib s fatis primo

a ra u n u ,
in M e d i m venisse inde in S ic il i m q e re t e m
ac on a ,
a ua n
sede d e l t m ab S icilia classe ad L e t e m agr a m

s a u ,
au r n
te nuis s Troia e t huic loco nomen est Ibi egressi

e . .
Troiani t quibus ab inme n so p rope erro r e nihil

,
u
praeter arma e t naves s p e re s s e t cum p e d m ex u ,

ra a
agris g e e t Latinus rex A b o igi e s q e qui t u m

a r n , r n u ,
ea t e e b t loca ad n e d m
an vim d e u m ,
a rc n a a v n ar
6 a rmati ex urbe atque gris c r t Duplex in d e a on c u r u n .
1
S e e t h e I l ia d , v . 5 76 .
BOOK 1 . 1 . 1 —6
with prayers and en t reaties to the gods and goddesses ,
that they might grant us to bring to a success ful

issue the great task we have undertaken .
I First o f all then it is generally agreed that

.
, ,
when Troy was taken vengeance was wreaked upon

the other Trojans but that two A eneas a n d A nteno r , , ,
were spared all the penalties f war by the A chivi o ,
owing to long standi g claims of hospitality and b e

- n ,
cause they had always advocated peace and the giving

back of H elen They then experienced various vicis
.
s it d e
u A ntenor with a company o f E e t i who had
s .
,
n
been expelled from P aphlagonia in a r evolution and

were looking fo r a home and a lead e — f they had r or
lost their king P ylaemenes at Troy — came to th e

1
, ,
inmost bay o f the A driatic There driving out the .

,
Euganei who dwelt between the sea and the A lps

, ,
the E e t i and Troj ans took possession o f those lands

n .
A d in fact the place w here they first landed is called

n
Troy and the distric t i there fore known as Trojan

,
s ,
while the people as a whole are called th e V eneti .
A eneas driven from home by a simila r mis fortune

, ,
but guided by fate to undertaking f greater co se s o u
u en c e came first to M acedonia ; thence was carried

q , ,
in his quest of a place f settlement to S icily ; and o ,
from S icily laid his course towards the land f Lauren o
tum Thi place too is called Troy Landing there

. s .
,
the Trojans as men who a fter th eir all but i m m s

, , ea ur
abl e wanderings had n othing le ft but their swords ,
and ship were driving booty from the fields when

s, ,
King Latinus and the A borigines who then o ccupied ,
that count r y r ushed down from their city and thei r

,
fields to repel with arms the violence of th e ln
vade r s F r om this p o int the t radition follows t wo

.
LI V Y
fama est . A 111 p ro e l io v i c t u m Latinum pacem cum
7 A enea d e i ,
n d e a ffi n i t a t e m i u n x i s s e t ra d u n t : alii , cum
i n s t ru c t a e acies c o n s t it i s s e n t ,
p ri u s
q u am si gna cane
rent p Latinum inter primores
ro c e s s i s s e d cem
q e u u
ad m evocasse ad
v e n a ru lo q i m ; p e c t t m con u u r unc a u
d i d qui mortales e s s e t unde aut quo casu pro

e n e n ,
fe t i domo q i d e q a e e t e s in agr a m Laurenti

c u v u r n
n um 1 e is s e t p o s t q m x d i e i t m l t it d i e m
n ,
ua au r u u n
Troianos es e d c e m A m fil i m A
s , h i e et u en ea ,
u n c sa
V eneris cremata patria domo p o f go s sedem con

,
r u
d e d e q e urbi locum q e e re
n a u et b il it t e m ua r , no a
ad m ir t m gentis i iq e e t
a u i m u m vel bello vel v r u an
paci p t m dextra data fi d e m f t e m i c it i e

a ra u ,
u u ra a a
san x is s e Inde f e d s i t m inter duces inter e e r

. o u c u , x
i t s s l t t i o e m f t m ; A e e m apud Latinum
c u a u a n ac a n a
fuis e in h p i t i o ; ibi La t in m ap d penate deos

s os u u s
d o m e s t i m publico d i cu i s s e f e d s fi lia A e e a e a unx o u n
1 0 in matrimonium data E res utique T i is s p e m . a ro a n
d fi m t tandem stabili e t q e sede fi i e d i e

a r a is c r a u n n rro r .
l l O ppidum o d t ; A eneas ab nomine uxor s Lavi

c n un i
nium appellat B r evi stirpis quoque virilis ex ovo

. n
m t im m o
a r fuit cui A s c i m parentes d i e e
o ,
an u x r
nomen .
I I Bello d e i d e A borigi n es T o i iq e mul

. n r an u Si
petiti Turnus rex R t l o u m cui pacta Lavinia

.
,
u u r ,
ante d e t m A e e e f e t p a e l t m sibi d v e
a v n u n a u ra ,
r a u a
1
La u re n t i n u m a : La u re n t e m M OZ D L Q" .
LI VY
nam g aepatiens
re simul A e neae L ti
q u e bellum a no
i t le t
n u raN eutra a m es l e t ex e o ce r tamine b iit
. a a a
vieti Rutuli : v i c t o e s A borigi n es T o i iq u e d c m

r r an u e
Latinum m is e e Inde Turnus R u t u l iq e d iffi s i

a r . u
r ebus ad flo e n t e s opes Et s o u m M e t i m q e
r ru c r ez n u u
r egem corum c o f g iu t qui C e e opulento tum n u n ,

a r
O ppido i m e i t s iam
r inde
an ab initio minime l t
p , e s a u
n ovae origine u r bis e t tum n imi o pl s quam atis ,

u s
t t m esset
u u c c o l is rem T o i
a m crescere rat s r an a u ,
haud g t im socia arma Rutulis i u n it

ra v a A eneas x .
,
adversus tanti belli terro r em u t a im o s A b o igi m n r nu
sibi o c il i e t nec sub e o d e m iu r e s ol um sed etiam

c n ar ,
nomine o m n es e s s e t Latinos u t r m q e ge t e m n ,
a u n
a
pp e ll i t av Nec . d e i d e A borigines T o i ni s studio r an
ac fi d e erga regem A e e m c e s s e e F e t s q e his n a r . r u u
animis c l e s e t i m in dies magis duorum p p

oa c n u o u
l o rum A eneas quamquam tanta Op ib s Etruria erat

, u
u t iam non terras olum sed mare etiam per t o t m

s a
It l i e l o git d i e m ab Al p ib u s ad fretum S i l u m
a a n u n cu
fama nominis sui i p l e s s e t t m e cum m e ib u s n ,

a n , o n
bellum propulsare posset in c ie m copias e d i t ,

a ux .
6 S ecundum inde p e l i m Lati n is A e e e etiam ro u , n a
ultimum p e u m m o ta l iu m fuit S itus est quem

o r r .
,
1
V irgil m ak e s J u p it r gr
e a n t, as a fa v r ou to Ju n o, t ht a
B OOK 1 . 11 . 1 —6
of A e n eas Indig n ant th at a stranger should b e p r e

.
ferred before him he attacked at the same time bo t h

, , ,
A eneas and Latinus Neither army came ff rejoicing . o
from that battle The R t l i s were beaten the

. u u an .
victorious A borigines and Trojans lost their leader

Latinus Then T . s and th e R t l i
u rn u s discou r aged u u an ,
at their situation fled f r succour to the opulent and

, o
power ful Etruscan d their king M ezentius wh o

s an ,
held sway in C acre at that time an important t o w n

,
.
M ezentius had bee n from the very beginn i ng fa r , ,
from pleased at th e birt h o f the new city ; he no w

felt that th e Troj an tate was growing much mo r e s
rapidly than was altogether safe fo r its neighbours ,
and readily united his fo rces with those o f the

R t l ia s
u u n A eneas that h e might win the good
.
,
will of the A borigines to con front so formidabl e

an a r ray and that l l might possess not only the
,
a
same rights but al o the same name called both s ,
n ations Latins ; and from that time o n the A b o

1
ri i e s
g n we r e no less ready and faithful than the
Trojans in the service of King A eneas A cco r d .
i gl y
n t r usti g to this frie n dly spirit of the two
,
n
peoples which were growing each day mo r e united

, ,
and despite the power o f Etruria which had filled

, ,
with the glory of her name not only th e lands

but th e sea as well along the whole exte n t of ,
Italy fr o m th e A lps to the S icilian S trait A eneas ,
declined to defend himself behind his walls as he ,
might have done b t led out his troops to battle

,
u .
The fight which ensued was a vict ory fo r the Latins

f r A e n eas it was besides the last o f his m ortal
o , ,
labours H e lies buried whether it is fitting a n d r ight

.
,
th Tr j n
e o am hall bna e k i th
s L ti (A x ii e su n n e a n en . .
LI V Y
cum
q ue cum dici ius
est super N m i um fa s q u e ,
u c
fl m e : Io v e m i d ig e t e m appellant
u n n .
I I I N d u m maturu imperio A scanius A e e e

. on s n a
fi l i s erat ; tame m id imperium e i ad p b e e m aeta

u u r
tem incolume m s it ; t t is p e tutela muliebri an an r
tanta indoles in Lavinia erat— res Latina e t regnum

2 av it m p t e
u m q e puero s t e t i t
a rn u Haud m b ig m
u . a a
— quis enim rem tam e t e e m pro certo d fi m e t v r a r
bicine f erit A scani s an maior quam hic C reusa

u u ,
matre Ilio incolumi natus o m e q e inde p t e e c s u a rn a
fugae quem Iulum eundem I ulia gens

, to em auc r
3 nomini sui s
p t Is A scanius
n u n cu b i c m
q e et
a .
,
u u u
m e matre e it s — certe matum A enea con

q u ac u
q gu n u
stat abundante L i i multitudine flo e t m iam av n r n e ,
u t tum res t atque opulentam

e ra n b m matri seu
,
ur e
n ov e c e r e liaq i t m ovam
r ipse ualiam sub : A lbano
monte o d id it quae ab situ p e t e in dorso urbis
c n ,
o rr c a
Longa A lba appellata Inter L i i m c d it u m 1 . av n u on
e t A l b m L o g m c o l o i m d e d c t m t ig i t
a n a ferme n a u a r n a
i te f
n e
r uer anni Tantum tame m opes c e e t . r v ra n ,
m axime f s i s Et s i u t me morte quidem A e e e

ru c s, u n a
nec d e i d e inter m l i b e m tutelam d im e t m q e

n u e r ru n u u
primum p e il is regni movere arma aut M ezentius

u r
Et s c iq e aut ulli l o l e au i sint I ax ita ’

5 ru u a 11 acc a s .
c on v e e t n t Et
ra i s L t i is q e fl i s A lbula
u ru s c a n u uv u
,
1
La v in iu m c o n d it u m H a ra a t : La v in i u m a .
1
I n d iges m e a n s
“
of or i
b e lo n g n g t o a c e a n p la c e rt i
r
( F o wl e , F es t p . . i
D on Hal . 6 4, s a y s
. ia th e
. th t
i
La t n s m a d e a s h ri ne to ih
A e n e a s w t a n n s c p t o n in c i ri i wh i h
BOO K 1 . 11 . 6 —1 11 5 .
to term him god or man on th e bank o f the r ive r ,

s
N m i s ; men however call him Jupiter Indiges

u cu ,
1
.
I I I A scanius A eneas
. w,
not yet ripe fo son , as r
authority ; yet the authority was kept f him or ,

un
impaired until he arrived t manhood M eanwhile

,
a .
,
under a woman s r egency the Latin S tate d the

’
,
an
ki gdom o f his father and his grand father sto o d

n
unshaken — s o stro n g was Lavinia s character— until ’
the boy could claim it I shall not discus the question . s
f or who could a ffi rm fo certain so ancient a matter ? r
whether this boy w A scanius o r an elder brothe r as , ,
born by C reusa while Ilium yet stood who aecom ,
an i e d his fath er when h e fled from the city being

p ,
the ame whom the Julian family call Iulus and claim
s
as the autho r o f t heir name Thi A scanius no . s ,
matter where born o r f what mothe r— i t is agreed ,

o
in any case that he was A eneas son left L i i m ’

— av n u ,
when its population came to be too large f it was ,

or
already a flourishing and wealthy city for those days ,
to his mother or stepmother and founded a new city

, ,
himsel f below the A lban M ount This was k own . n
from its po ition as it lay stretched out along the

s ,
ri d ge by the name f A lba Longa Fro m the settle

,
o .
ment o f L i i m to the plan ting of the colony at

av n u
A lba Longa was an interval o f some thirty years .
Yet the nation had gro wn so power ful in consequence ,
e pecially of the de feat o f the Etruscans that even

s ,
when A eneas died and even when a woman became ,
its r egent and a boy began his apprenticeship as king ,
neither M ezen tius and h i Etruscans o r any other s n
neighbours da r ed to attack them P eace had been .
agreed to on these terms that the Rive r A lbula which , ,
men now call the Tiber should be the boundary ,
he w as c a ll e d hp x edm o s ( P a ter I n d iges )

1ra r
' ‘
. H e wa s also
c a l l e d Deu s I n d i ge s a n d A en ea s I n d ig es .
LI V Y
6 quem n unc T i b e rim v o c a n t, fi n is esset . S ilvius
d e i d e regnat A s c n
n casu q o d m in silvis
,
a n fi l iu s , u a
7 natus Is A e m S il
. i m creat ; is d e i d e Latinum
en a v u n
S il i m
v u Ab e o
. ol i e aliquot d e d c t e P is i
c on a u a ,
r c
8 Latini appellati M s it S il iis postea omnibus cog

. an v
nomen qui A lbae e g t Latino A lba o t sr n a ru n .

1
r u ,
A lba A tys A tye C apys ,

Gapye C p e t u s C peto ,
a ,
a
Tiberinus qui in t r i e t 2 Al b l e m i s s u b m e rs u s
,
a c u u a a n
9 celebre ad p o s t e o s no men fiumini dedit A grippa r .
inde Tiberini fil i s p o st A g ipp m Romul us S ilvius u ,

r a
a patre c c e p t o imperio r egnat A ventino fulmine

a .
ipse ictus regnum pe r manus t d id it Is s e p u l t u s ra .
in e o colle qui nunc pars Ro m e est u r bis c o g o

,
an a ,
n
me n colli fecit P o c d e i d e regnat Is Numi . r a n .
to r em atque A m l iu m p o c re t N m it o i qui stirpis

u r a u r ,
m aximus e r at regnum e t s t m S il i e gentis legat

,
v u u v a .
P lu tame m vis p o t it quam volunta s patris aut vere

s u
cun di e t t is : pulso frat r e A mulius regnat

a a a A ddit .
sceleri s c e l s : s t i p e m f t i s viril em i t e e m it ?“
u r ra r n r
f t i s fil i e R e e S i l i e per s p e c i e m h o noris cum

ra r a a v a ,
V e s t l e m eam l e gi s s e t perpetua virginitate s p e m

a ,
partus d im it a
4
.
IV S e d d e b e b a t u r u t
.
p i o fatis t n t a e origo ,
o n r, a
u rbis m a x im iqu e sec n d um d e o m Opes imperii u ru
2 principium Vi comp r essa V e s t lis cum ge m i m

. a , nu
partum e d id is s e t seu ita r ata seu quia deus auct or

, ,
culpae h e s t i erat M rt e m ince rtae stirpis p t re m

on or ,
a a
1
r e gn a ru n t 0 . re
gn a v e r u n t l l] .
2
t ra ie c t u R 0 ( or D ) 3 2
t ra i e c t o n ‘
.
3
in t e r e m i t 0 i n t e r i m it M 0 ? H R .
”
a d im i t fl a d e m i t UOE
4
.
B OO K I . 111 .
5
— 1v . 2
between the Etr scans and the Latins Next S ilvius

u .
rei g ned so n of A scanius born as it chanced in the

, , , ,
forest H e begat A eneas S ilvius and he Latinus

.
,
S ilviu By him several colonies were planted and

s .
,
called the A ncient Lati n s Thereafter the cognomen .
S ilvius was retained by all who r uled at A lba From .
Latinus came A lba from A lba A tys from A tys C apys, , ,
from C apys C p e t s fr om C p e t Tiberinus This

a u ,
a us .
la t king was drowned in crossi g the Rive r A lbula

s n ,
and gave the stream the ame which has been cur r ent n
with l ate r generations Then A grippa son o f Tibe .

,
ri
nu s reigned and afte r A grippa Romulus S ilvius
, ,
was king having received the power from his father

, .
Upon the death o f Romulus by lightning th e king ,
ship passed from him to A e t i s This king was v n nu .
b ried on that hill which is now a pa r t o f th e C ity

u ,
of Rome and g ave his name to th e hill P o c a ruled

, . r
n ext H e bega t N m it o and A mulius ; to Nu m it

. u r o r,
the elde r h e bequeath ed the ancient realm o f the

,
S il i n family
v a Yet violenc e proved more potent
.
tha n a father s wishes or respect fo seniority A m

’
r . u
lius d r ove out his b rother and ruled in his stead .
A ddi g crime to crime he destroyed N umitor s male

’
n ,
is ue ; and Rhea S ilvia his brother s daughter he

s ,
’
appointed a V estal under pretence o f honouring

her and by consigning her to perpetual virginity
, ,
deprived her of the hope of children .
IV B t the Fates were resolved as I suppose

. u , ,
upo n the founding of this great C ity and the ,
begi nning of th e mightiest o f empi r es ext after ,

n
that of H eaven The V estal was ravished and .

,
havi g given birth to t wi sons named M ar as the

n n , s
father of he r doubt ful o ffspring whether actually so ,
believing or because it seemed less wrong i f a god

,
LI V Y
3 n u n cu
p nec
at dii
. n ec homines
Sed aut i p s m aut a
sti em a
r d e l i t t e regia
c ru i d i c a t sacerdos
a i ct v n
p n v n a
in custodiam d t : p o s i n p fi e t e m aquam a ur uer ro u n
4 m itti i b e t Forte q d m d i i it s super ripas

u . ua a v n u
Tiberis e tf s s l e i b s s t g is nec adiri s q m ad

u u n u a n u ua
insti c u s m p o t e t am mis e t posse q m is languida

r u ra ua v
5 mergi aqua in fantes s p e m fe e t i b s dabat Ita r n u .

,
v e l t defuncti regis imperio in proxima

u l l v i e ubi ,
a u
nunc fi s R m i l is est— Ro m l e m o c t m fe t
cu u ua u ar v a a ru n
— e s e po ro t V s t e tum in his locis soli

x nun a a
p u .
t di es er
u n t Tenet fama cum fl it t e m l e m
an .
,
u an a v u
quo p s it i e t p e i tenuis in s i c c o aqua d e ti

ex o ra n u r s
t i s s e t l p m S t i e t e m ex m o t i b s qui circa sunt

u ,
u a i n n u
ad puerilem v git u m s m fl e i s s e
a eam s m m is s s cur u x u a
i f t i b s adeo mitem p e b u i s s e mammas u t lingua

n an u ra
l m b e t e m p e o s magiste r r e gi i p e c o ri s i
a n u r e e it nv n r
7 F st l
au fuisse nomen fe
u o t Ab e ad stabula ru n . o
L e ti e
ar n
1
uxori educando datos S unt qui Laren
a s .
tiam 1 vu l gato corpore l p m inter pastores t m u a v o ca a
8 p u t e t inde
n locum f b l e ac miraculo datum Ita
a u a .
geniti i t q e educati cum primum d l e it aetas nec

a u ,
a o v ,
in s t b l is nec ad pec or a seg es venando p e g

a u u ,
ra ra r e
9 saltus H ine robore c o p o rib u s n im is q e s m p t o

. r a u u
1
La r e n t i a e -a m
) M DL : L a u re n t ia e -e m) 0 .
1
The w rd o l up a wa s s om e ti m es u sed in th e se n s e of
c ou rt esan .
”
LI VY
iam non feras tantum s b is t e re sed in l t o e u s , a r n s
ed s t s impetus face r e p t i b rapt

p ra o a nu o u s
q e a as or u
dividere e t cum his crescente in dies grege i m u ve nu
s e r ia ac i o o s cel ebra r e c .
V l m tum in P l t io monte Lupe r cal h o c fuisse

. a a a
l d ic r m fe
u u t e t a P ll t e o u r be A rcadica P l
ru n a an , ,
a
2 lan ti m dein P alatium montem p p e l l t u m Ibi

u ,
a a .
E uan d m q i ex e o genere A r d u m multis ante

ru ,
u ca
t e m p e s t t ib s t e ae it loca u s ol l e m e nud l t m ex
r ,
n a a u
A rcadia i s t i t is s e u t nudi i e e s Ly c a e u m P ana

n u uv n
ve e n t e s pe r l u s u m
ra n atque l s c i i m c u re e t a v a r r n ,
3 q em Romani d e i d e o c
u t l m H uic d e d it is
n v a ru n nuu .
ludicro cum s ol l e m e otum esset i s id ia t o s ob iram

,
n n ,
n
ra e d e amis ae l t o
a s cum Romulus vi se defe
s a r ne
p , u
d i s e t R e m m c e p i s s e c p t u m r egi A mulio t r adi

s ,
u ,
a
4 disse l t n sa t e sro C rimini maxime d b n t in

accu n a a
N m it o i s ag r os ab
u r s impetus fi e i ; inde eos
1
u r
collecta i e m manu h o s t il e m in modum p e d s

uv nu ra a
agere Si c N m it o i ad s p p l i i m Remus d e d it r
. u r u c u u .
5 l m inde ab initio F s t l
a spes f e t r egiam stir au u o u ra
pem apud se e d u i ; nam e t e p o s it o s i s s r egis car x u u
in fantes s ie b t e t tempus qu o ipse e o s s s t u l is s e t

c a , u
ad id ipsum c o g e re ; sed r em i m t u r m nisi aut

n ru n a a
im p t G i 1
im p t m 0 e us r on o v u s : e u .
1
The de a on riv ti h r giv
e e en i s fa n c ifu l . The wr
o d i s p ro
i
b ab l y a k n t o p a lu s , p ale ,
”
a n d m ean a t fe n c e d p l a c e ”
.
B OO K I . IV .
g
—v .
5
only face wild beasts but would atta ck r obbers ,
laden with thei r spoils and divide up what they took

,
from them among the shephe rds with wh o m they ,
shared thei r toils a n d pranks while thei r band o f ,
young men g r ew larger every day .
V They say that the P alatine was even the n the

.
sce n e of the merry fe tival o f the Lu percalia which

s
we have t o-day and that the hill was named

,
P ll t i m
a an u ,
fr om P ll t e u m a n A r cadi a n city
a an , ,
a n d the n alatium The r e Evander a n A r cadia n

P 1
.
,
o f that stock wh o had held the place many ages

,
before t h e tim e o f which I a m writi ng is s a id t o ,
hav e e stablished th e yearly r ite de rived from ,
A r cadia that youths shou ld r u n naked about in

,
playful spo rt doing honour to Ly c e P

,
whom a an an ,
the Roma n s a fterwa rds called I nn us W hen the .
young men we r e occupied i n this c e lebration the ,
rite being ge e rally know some r obbers who had

n n,
been ange r ed by the loss of their pl under laid a n

ambush fo r them d although Romulus successfully
,
an
de fen d ed himsel f captured Remus and delive r ed up

,
their prisoner to King A m ulius eve n lodging a com ,
plaint against him The main charge was that th e

.
brothers m ade r aids o n the lands of Numitor and ,
pillaged them with a band o f young fell o ws which

,
they had got togeth e r like a n invading enemy S o

, .
Remus was given u p t o Numitor to be punished .
From the very beginning Faustulus had ente rta i ned

the suspicion that they we r e children of the r oyal
blood that h e was b rin ging up i n his house ; fo r h e
was awa r e both that in fants had bee n exp o sed by
o rd er of the ki n g and that th e tim e w h en h e had
,
himself taken up the childre n exactly c o in cided with

that e ve n t But h e had bee n u n willi n g that the
.
LI V Y
v
p aut
e r o c c a s io n e mper p ol n e c e s s it a t e m a e ri r e
1 n u .
6 erat N ece sitas prior venit ; ita metu s u b t s

. s ac u
Romulo rem p e i t Forte e t N m it i cum in a r . u or ,
custodia R m m haberet d is s e t q e ge m in o s esse

e u au u
fratres comparando e t
,
et tem c o rum e t ip s m a a a
minime servilem i d l e m t e t ig e t im m memoria n o ra an u
n e pot m ; s is it
u d o q e e o d m p e e it
c c t haud
an u e rv n ,
u
o c l esset quin Re m m os c e e t Ita u di e r n

p r u
g q u a n . u
7 regi dolus e t it Rom lus 1 0 cum globo i v e

n c ur . u 1 11 u
u m — nec enim erat ad vim apertam pa r— sed al s

'
n 11
alio itinere i s s is certo tempo r e ad regiam venire

u
p s t o ib
a s rad regem
u i m p et m facit e t a domo u ,
N m it o is alia comparata manu d i

u r t Remus Ita a uva .
regem o b t t 2
V I Numitor inter primum tu
ru n c a . .
multum ho ti i s is s e b e m atque d t o s regiam

s s nva ur a or
d i t itc cum p b e m A l b m in
a n s, uem
p e s id io ana a rc ra
a rm is qu e ob t in e n d a m a v o c a ss e t,
p ost
q u am iu v e n e s
perpetrata g ad se
caed e
g t l t e s vidit p er e re ra u an ,
e tem l
x
p d oc to concilio
a scelera
v in se
a f t o i ra r s,
originem e p o t m t geniti t educa t i u t cogniti

n u ,
u ,
u ,
es t c e d e m d e i c e p s tyranni seque eius

se n ,
a to e m
n au c r
2 o s t e d itn l e n e s pe r mediam
uv o ti em m i c n on a
.
g n e
ingressi cum v m regem s l t s s e t secuta ex omni

a u
'
a u a n ,
multitudine c o s e t i e s vox r atum nomen imperi

n n n
um e regi e ffi i t
q u c .
( a p p H) M R D L H
1
a
p P F UB OE a p e ri ri
e r ire .
1
o Lt ru n c a t n : o b t ru n c a n t y .
B OO K 1 . v .
5 4 1 . 2
matter sh o uld be disclosed prematurely until o p ,
p m t uni t y o f
f ered o r neces ity compelled Necessitys .
came first accordingly driven by fear h e r evealed , ,
the facts to Romulus It chanced that Numitor too

.
,
having Remus in custody and hearing that the ,
brothers were twins had been reminded upon con

, ,
s i d e i g thei r age and thei r far from servil e

r n ature n ,
o f his g r andsons The inquiries h e made led him

.
t o the same conclusion so that h e was almost r eady

,
to acknowl edge Remus Thu on eve ry hand th e . s
toils we r e woven about th e king Romulus did not .
assemble his company o f youths— fo he w s n ot r a
equal to Open violence but commanded his hep — s
herds to come to the palace at an appointed time ,
some by one way some by a othe r and so made his

,
n ,
attack up o n the king ; while from the hou e o f s
N umito r came Remus with another party which he

,
h d got together to help his brother

a ,
S o Romulus .
sle w the king V I A t the beginning of the fray

. .
N m it o exclaimed that an enemy had invaded t h e

u r
city and attacked the palace and drew O ff the active ,
men o f the place to serve as an armed garrison f or
the de fence o f the citadel ; and when he saw th e

young men app r oaching a fter they had dispatched ,
the king to congratulate him he at once summoned

, ,
a council and laid be fore it h i brother s crimes

,
s
’
against himsel f the parentage o f h i grandsons and

,
s ,
h w they had been born reared and recogni ed

o , ,
s .
H e then announced th e tyrant s death and declared ’
himself to be responsible for it The brothers d . a
v an c e d with thei r h d through the midst of the

an
crowd and hailed their grand father king whereupo

, , n
such a shout of assent arose from the e ntire throng

as c o nfi rmed the new monarch s title a n d authority ’
.
2 3
LI V Y
3 Ita N u m it o ri A lbana re p e rm i s s a Ro m u l u m Re
m u mq cupido ue cepit in locis ubi p s i t i ubique 1 13
1 ex o
educati e r n t u r bis c o d e d e Et s p e e t multi

a n n a . u r ra
tudo A l b o r m La t in o m qu e ; ad id pastores quo

an u ru
que e ss e r
acc t qui omnes facile s p e m f c e e n t
an , a r
p a rv a m A l b m pa r vum aL i i m prae,
ea u r be quae av n u
c on de et rfo r e I t e e it d e i d e his
ur .
g i t t i o i
n rv n n co a n
b s a i t m malum r egni cupido atqu e inde fo e d m

u v u , , u
certamen o o t m a satis miti principio Quoniam

,
c r u .
gemini e s s e t nec e t t i verecundia d is c rim e facere

n a a s n
posset t dii quo r um tutelae ea loca e s e t g iis

,
u ,
s n ,
au ur
l e g e e t qui nomen novae urbi daret qui c o d it m

r n , , n a
imperio e ge e t P alatium Romulus Remu A venti

r r , , s
A . l num ad i gu d m templa p i t V I I P riori

n au ra n u ca un . .
Remo u g iu m veni se fe rt sex vultu r es i m qu e

a ur s u r, ,
a
n u t i t o augurio cum duplex n ume r us Romulo se

n a
o s t e d is s e t
n t m q e regem sua m l t i t u d o c o s a l
,
u ru u u n u
t ave t : tempore illi p

ra e e t o at hi nume ro avium
p ra c ,
r egnum t h e b t Inde cum l t e t io e congres i

ra an . a rc a n s
certamine irar m ad e d e m e t t ; ibi in turba a ca v r un ur
ictus Remus e id it V l g t io r fama est ludibrio c c . u a
f t is R e m m novos t r s il u is s e muros ; inde ab

ra r u an
irato Romulo cum ve rbis qu o que i c e p it s adie

,
n r an
c is s e t “ sic d e i d e q ic u m q e alius t r s ili e t m o e i

n u u an n a
,
3 mea in t e fe c t u m Ita solus p o t it u s imperio Rom a

,
”
r .
lus ; co n dita urbs o d it o is nomine appellata c n r .
1 -
il s g z h i s a .
1 r
A fo m o f t h e l e ge n d p e s e e d b y D o n H a l 8 7, a n d r rv i . . i .
vi
O d , F a s ti , i v 8 43 , n a m e s C e l e r,
. o m R o m u l u s h ad
put wh
hr
i n c a ge o f t h e ri i
s n g wa l l , a s t h e s l a y e of Re m u s r .
B OO K 1 . v1 .
3
—v 11 .
3
The A lban state bei g thus made ove r t o N m it o r

n u ,
Romulus and Remus we r e seized with the desire t o

found a city in th e region where they had bee n ex
posed and bro ght up A d in fact the population
u . n
of A lbans and Latins was too large ; besides there ,
were the shepherds All togethe thei r numbers

. r,
might easily lead men to hope that A lba would be

small and L i i m small compare d with the city
,
av n u ,
which they should build These considerations were .
interrupted by the curse f their grandsire the o s,
greed f kingly power and by a sham eful quarrel

o ,
which grew out of it upon an occasion innocent ,
enough S ince the b r others we r e twins and e

.
,
r
spect for their age could not determine betwee n

them it was agr eed that the god wh o had thos e
,
s
places in thei r protection hould choose by augu ry s
wh o should g ive the new city its name who should ,
gove r n it when built Romulus took the P alatine f r

. o
h i s augural quarter Remus the A vent i ne V I I Remus

,
. .
is said to have been the fi r st to r eceive a n au gury ,
fr o m the flight of six vultu r es Th e o men had .
been already reported when twice that n umbe r

appeared to Romulus Thereupon each was saluted
.
king by his own followers th e one party layi n g claim ,
to the ho n our from priority the other from the ,
numbe r f the birds They then engaged in a

o .
battle f wo r ds and a g ry taunts leading to blood

o ,
n
shed Remus was st r uck down in the affray The

, .
commoner sto ry is that Remus leaped ove r the new

walls in mockery f his br o the r whereupon Romulu s
o ,
in great a ge r slew him and in menacing wise

n ,
added these words withal S o perish whoever else ,
shal l le p ove r my walls

a 1 Thus Romulus acq ired u
sole powe r n d the city thus founded was called

,
a , ,
by its founde r s n ame ’

.
LI V Y
A u c.
. . 1 alatium primum in qu o ipse e r at e d u c t s m
P ,
a u ,
u
nu t . S acra d s al s A lbano r itu G ra e c o H e rc u l i u t

u u , ,
ab E d instituta e t facit H e l e m in ea
uan ro ra n ,
. rc u
loca G e y e i t e e m p t o boves mi r a specie b e gis s e

r on n r a
m mo
e t ac prope T ib e im fl i m
ra n qua prae se r uv u ,
ar m ent m agens nando t i e c e t loco h e b i d o u t

u ra ra , r ,
quiete e t pabulo l e t o e fi c e e t boves e t ipsum

a r r ,
fe s s m via p o c b i s e
u r Ibi cum c m cib o i q
u u s . u v no ue
t u m sopor O e s s i sse t pasto r accola

r eius loci
gra v a
pp , ,
n omine C acus ferox i ib s captus p l h it u d in e

,
v r u , u c r
boum cum avertere eam p e d m vellet quia si ra a ,
agendo m e t m in s p e l u m c o m p u l is s e t ipsa
ar n u n ca
vestigia q e e t e m dominum e O d e d c t
ua r n e t u u ra ra n ,
av e sos r boves e i m i m q e m q e p l h it d i e
,
x u u u u c r u n ,
ca dis in s p e l u c m t x i t He r cules ad p rimam

n n a ra .
auroram somno e it s cum g ge m p e l s t s s e t

x c u re r u ra
ocu l is e t partem abesse numero s e s is s e t p e g it ad n , r
p ro im m x s el
a
p c m si forte
un e o v estigia ferrent
a , .
Quae ubi omnia foras ve r sa vidit nec in partem

aliam fe rr e o f s s atqu e i c e t u s animi ex l o co
,
c n u u n r
in festo agere por ro a rm e t m o c e p it Inde cum n u c .
7 ac t e boves quaedam ad desiderium u t fit r e l i t

a m , ,
c a ru
mugissent reddita i l s m ex spelunca boum vox

,
nc u a ru
H e rc l e m c o nve r tit
u Quem cum v a d e t e m ad spel
. n
LI V Y
A U C.
. . l u n cam C acu s
p vi
conatus esset
ro h ictus c lava
i b e re ,
fid e m p ast m n e q iq u m i
o ru c s morte o c c u b
u a it nvo an u .
8 E u and e r tum ea p ro fu g s ex P eloponnes o a u c t o it t e u r a
magis quam imperio re ge b a t loca vene rabilis vir ,
miraculo l it t e r u m rei n o vae inter rudes ar tium

ar ,
ho m ines e e r b il io r divinitate c r edita C rm e t a e

,
v n a a n
mat ris quam f t il o q u a m ante S ibyllae i n It l i m

,
a a a
a d e t m m i t e c a e gentes fu e ra n t
v n u ra a Is tum .
Eu d e r c o n c u s u p s t o u m t re p id t iu m ci r ca d
an r a r an a
v e am n m a n i fe s t e r eum c a e d is e c it u s p o s t q u a m
a x
f c i n u s f c i o i s q e causam
a a n r d i i t h a b it u m fo r
u au v ,
m a m q e vi r i l i q
u ntum m p l io e m
a ua
g u s t i o re m
q ae r au u
humana i t u e s ro git t qui vir esset Ubi nome n

n n ,
a .
t re m e ac p t ria m c e it Iove n ate H aercules

p a
q u
p a c , , ,
“
salve i qu it ; te mihi mater ve ridica i t e p re s
”
n n r
, ,
deum u c t u u m c e l e s t i m m e m c e c i it t ib iq e
,
a r a u nu ru n u
aram hic d ic t u m i r i quam Op l e t is s im o lim in

a u n a
terris gens m im a m e t t u o u e r itu colat

ax
q v oc De x .
tra He r cules data c c ip e e se omen i p l e t u ru m qu e a r n
fata a ra c o ndita ac dicata ait Ibi tum primum b o ve .
e ximia capta de g r ege sac r um H d h ib i t is ad

l i 1
e r u c a
ministe r ium d p e m q u e
1 P o t it ii s
a ac P i ri i s quae na ,
tum familiae maxime i l it a e ea loca i n c o l e b t nc an ,
1
H e rc u l i d a p e m qu e “
MP : o m i t te d by a .
1
v
E an d e ri s sa id to h v i v nt
a e n e ed th e Rom an a lp h a be t .
B OO K 1 . vu .
7
—1 2
cave C acus would have prevented his approach with

, a 0, 75 3
force but received a blow from the hero s club and
’
, ,
calling in vain upon the shepherds to protect him ,
gave up the ghost Evander an exile from the P elo .

,
p ese
on n controlled ,
that r egion in those days more ,
through personal in fluence than sovereign powe r .
H e was a man revered for his wonde rful inve ntion f o
le tters a new thing to men unacquai ted with the

,
1
n
arts a n d even m ore revered because o f the divinity

,
which men attributed to his mother C armenta who m ,
tho e t r ibes had a d mired as a prophe t ess be fore th e

s
S ibyl coming into Italy N w this Evande r was

’
s . o
then attracted by the concourse o f shepherds who , ,
crowding excitedly about the strange r were accu ing ,

s
him as a mu rderer caught r ed -handed W hen he had .
been told ab o ut the d eed and the r eason fo r i t and ,
had marked the bearing o f the man and his figure ,
which was somewhat ampl er and more august than

a m ortal s he inquired who he was Upon lea rn ing
’
,
.
his name his father and his birth -place he ex

, , ,
claimed H ail H ercules so n o f Jupite r !

, ,
You ,
are he of whom m y mothe r t ruth ful interprete r

, ,
o f Heave n foretold to me that you should b e

,
added to the number o f the gods and that an alta r ,
should be dedicated to y o u here which the nation

one d y t o be the mo t powerful on earth should
a s
call the G r eatest A ltar and should serve acc ording ,
to your r ite H erc u le s gave him his han d and

.
”
declared that he accepted the omen d wo u ld fulfil ,

an
the p rophecy by e ta blishing and dedicating an altar s .
Then and the r e men t oo k choice victim from t h e a
herd and fo r the first time made sacrifice to H e r

,
cules F or the minist ry and the banquet they em

.
pl oyed t h e P o t it ii and the P in a rii bei g the families ,

n
VO L . 1 .
LI VY
A U. C .
. l fact m Forte ita e e it t P t i t ad tempus praesto
u . v n ,
u o u
e sse t sque exta p p e e t P i ii e t i s d e s i s

n u a on r n u r, n ar x a
ad c e t e m i e t d pem
ra Inde i s t it t m man
ven r n a . n u u
sit donec Finari m genus fuit e e t is c orum

,
a ,
n x
s o ll e m i m 1
es e e t
n u P t i t ii ab E
v c d e d octi
r n ur . o u an ro
an t i t i t s acri eius per multas e t t s fu e u t donec

s e s a a e r n ,
tradito servis p u b l ic is s o l l e m i familiae ministerio n
genus om e P o t i t i o r m i t e iit H aec t u m sacra

n u n r .
Romulus una ex omnibus peregrina s u s c e p it iam ,
tum i m o t l it t is virtute p rt e ad quam c u m sua

n r a a a a ,
2
fata d e b t fautor uc an ,
.
V I I I Rebus divinis rite p e p e t t i s o t q e ad

. r ra v ca a u
concilium multitudi e quae c o l e s c e e in populi n ,

a r
uniu corpus nulla re p r e t e rq u m l e gib s p t e t

s a a u o ra ,
iura dedit ; quae ita sancta generi h o m i m agresti nu
fore r a t us si se ipse v e e b il e m i s ig ib s imperii n ra n n u
fe is s e t cum
c ete o habitu se c
g sti em turm au u or ,
3 maxime l i c t o ib s d o d e c im s m p t is fecit A lii ab

r u u u .
numero avium quae augurio regnum p o rt e d e t n ra n
e m secu tu m n u m e
u m p t t : me haud p e i t e t ru u an a n
corum sententiae esse quibus e t p p it o r s hoc a ar e
genus ab Et s i s fi it im is unde sella c u l is unde

3 ru c n ,
ur ,
toga praetexta s u m p t est e t m e um 4

qu o que a ,
n u r
ipsum d t m placet e t ita h b is s e Etruscos quod

uc u ,
a u ,
1
e o ru m s o lle m n iu m Wa lter s : eo s o ll e m n i u m (o r t h e l i ke )
a : s o ll e m n iu m M : so l l e m n ib u s ( or s o l or s o l e m p n F P UB OIf} .
a rt a e E
’
2 a rt a a
p p .
3
h o c g e n u s G ro n ov : e t h o c ge n u s Q
. .
1
e t n u m e r u m H e u m a n n : n u m e ru m Q .
tr
Fo r t h e s o y o f C a c u s a n d t h e
1 ri gi f t h A M x i m
o n o e ra a a
s e e a ls o V g l , A e n v ir i
ii i 1 82 —2 79 . . P r p iv 9 ; Ovi d F t i
o . .
, as ,
i 5 43 —5 8 6
. .
B OO K 1 . vu . I z —v m .
3
of most distinction then living i n that region It so . a c . 75 3
fell out that the P o t it ii were the r e at the appointed

time and to them were se r ved the inward ; the
,
s
Pinar ii came afte r th e inwa r ds had been eaten in ,
sea on f the r emai n der o f the feast Thence cam e

s or .
th e custom which pe r sisted as long as the P i ar ia n

,
n
family endured that th e y should not pa rtake of the

,
inwards at that sacrifice The P o t it ii instructed by .

,
Evander we r e priests of this c lt f many genera

,
u or
tions until having delegated to public slaves the

, ,
solemn function f their family the entire stock o f th e

o ,
P o t it ii died out This was the o n ly sac r ed observance

.
,
of all those o f fo r eign o r igin which Romulus then ,
adopted honou ri n g even then the immo rtality wo n

,
by worth to which his o wn desti ny was leading him 1

.
V I II W hen Romulus had duly attended to th e

.
wo rship of the gods he called the people togethe r ,
and gave them the r ules f law since nothi g else o ,

n
but law could unite them into a sin g le body politic .
But these h e was pe rsuaded would only appea r

, ,
binding in the eyes of a r ustic people in case h e

should i n vest his o w n pers o n with majesty by adopt ,
ing emblems of authority H e there fore put o n a .
mo r e august state in every way and especially by ,
the assumption f twelve licto rs S ome think th e

2
o .
twelv e birds which had given him a n augury o f king

ship led him t o choose this n umber Fo r my part .
,
I am content to share the opinion o f those who

de r ive from the neighb o uri g Etruscans ( whence n
we r e b o rrowed the curule ch i r a n d pu rpl e -bordered a
toga ) not only the type of attendants but their

numbe r as well — numbe r which the Etruscans a
themselves re thought to have ch o se n because each

a
1
T h li t r
e rri d x i b d l f r d i r ad i
c o s ca e a es n un es o o s, n e n ess
to e x t th k i g
ec u e t f e rgi g d d p it ti
n
’
s s en en c e o scou n an eca a on .
3 1
LI V Y
1 ex d uo d e c im
p p l i s c o m m u n i t e r c eato
O ege sin
u r r
gulos s in
g u l i populi l i c t o r e s d e d e ri n t .
4 C re s c e b a t interim urbs m u n it i o n ib u s alia atque

alia ad
p loca cum in s p e m magis f t e
e te n do , u u ra
m l t it d i i s q u am ad id q od tum h m i
u u n m erat u o nu
5 munirent De i d e e vana urbis magnitudo esset

. n ,
n ,
a d i i e d e m u l t it d i i s causa vetere consilio c o d

c n a u n n en
tium urbes qui o b s

’
m t q e h m il e m c
,
ie d c u ra a u u on c n o
ad se m l t it d i e m natam e terra sibi p l e m emen

u u n ro
ti be t
an locum qui nunc s e p t u s e s c e d e t ib u
u r, a n n s
1
6 inter duos l c o s est asylum p e it E0 ex fi it im i

u ,
a r . n s
p p o lui s turba om m s sine discrimine liber an servus ‘
esset avida v m reru m p e f git id q e primum

,
no a ru r u ,
u
7 ad c o e p t m m g it d i e m o b o is fuit C m iam
a a n u n r r . u
vi i m
r u haud p e n it e e t consilium d e i d i ib sa r ,
n e v r u
parat C entum c r eat s e t o e s sive quia is numeru

. na r , s
satis erat sive quia soli centum e t qui re i

,
ra n c ar
patres p o s s e n t P atre ce rte ab honore p t i i iq e. s ,

a r c u
progenies e o u m appellati r .
IX 1 m re Romana adeo erat valida u t c u il ib e t

. a s
fi i t im
n m i v it t m bello par esset ; sed penuria
a ru c a u
m liu m homi n is e t t e m duratura magnitudo e r at

e ru a a
,
quipp e quibus nec domi spes p l is nec c u m fi it i m is ro n
2 c on u b i e ss e t a Tum ex consilio patrum Romulu

n . s
l egatos circa i i s gentes misit qui s o ie t t e m v c na ,

c a
1
e s c e n d e n t ib u s Ed wa r d s : d e s c e n d e n t ib u s a .
1
i e t h e C p tol
. . a i i ne.
2 -
A s b e n g e ad s i h o f c la n s , p a tr es f a m il i a r a m .
B OO K I . V I II .
3
-1x . 2
of the twelve cities which nited to elect the king u
contributed one lictor .
M eanwhile t h e C ity was exp a n ding and reaching

out its walls to include o n e p l ace after another for ,
they b ui lt their defe n ces with an eye rather t o th e

populatio n which they hoped on e day to have than
to the numbers they had then Next lest his big .
,
C ity should be empty Romulus r es o rted t o a plan ,
fo inc r ea ing the inhabitants which had l o ng been

r s
employed by the founde r s o f cities who gather about ,
them an Obscure and lowly multitude and pretend

that the earth has raised up ons to them In the s .
place which is now enclosed between the two groves ,
as y o u go up the hill he opened a sanctuary Thither

1
, .
fled fr om the surrounding peoples a mi cellaneous

, , s
rabble without di tinction of bond o r free eage r

,
s ,
for new conditions ; and these constituted the first

advance in power towards that greatness at which
Romulus aimed H e had now no reason to be
.
dissatisfied with his strength and proceeded to add ,
policy to strength H e appointed a hund r ed senators

.
,
whethe r because this n umber seemed to him suf

fi i e t o r because the r e we r e no more than a hundred
c n ,
who could be designated Fathers 2 A

t ll events they . a ,
received the designation of Fathe r s from their rank ,
and thei r desce ndan ts were calle d pat ricians .
I X Rome was now st r o g enoug h to hold her ow n

. n
in war with any f the adjacent s t ates but owi g t o

o n
the w a nt o f wome n a singl e generatio n was likely

to see the end o f he r greatness since sh e had n eithe r ,
-
prospect o f posterity at home n or the right o f inter

mar riage with he r neighbours SO on the advice of .
‘
t h e s enate Romulus sent envoys rou d among l l

,
n a
the n eighb o uri ng n ati on s t o s o licit for the n e w people

33
LI V Y
3 con u n o vo populo p e t e e t : urbes quo
b i u m qu e r n
que t cetera ex i
,
u fi m o nasci ; dein quas sua
,
1 n ,
vi rtus ac di i n vent magn as Opes sibi m gn m q e , a u u
4 nomen facere ; satis scire orig i ni Ro m e et an a
deo d f i s s e e t non d e f t m ir t u t e m ; p i d e
s a u u u ra v ro n
en
g e t hom i nes
ra v a r n m h o m i ib
ur s s anguinem cu n u
5 ac genus m i s c e e N s q m beni gne l e g t i o audita

r . u ua a
est ; adeo s imul s p e n e b an t simul tantam in m e di c r ,
c e s e tem
r molem sibi ac p o st e i s suis m e t u e b t
c n r an .
A 2
p l e ri s u e
q ro
gi t a n t ib u s d im i s s i, qec uo d fe m in i s
quoque asylum p e u i s s e t ; id e n a con
r n im d e m u m
6 par conubium fore A e gr e i d Romana pubes passa .
,
et haud dubie ad v i m s p e c t a e res c o e p it C i r . u
tempus l u m qu e p t m u t daret R o mulus e gri

oc a u ,
a
t di em
u an i mi d i s s im l n s ludos ex indust ria
n u a
parat Nept u no eque tri s o ll e m is ; C o n s u l i vocat s n a a .
7 l ndici d e i d e fin it i m i s s p e t a c u l m i u b e t quan
n c u ,
toque p p t u tum s c i e b t aut p o t e t con

a a ra an ra n ,
celebra n t u t r em l m e X Sp e c t a ta m q e f e e t
,
c a ra u ac r n .
8 M ulti mo rtal es o e n e e studi o etiam i d e d e

c nv r ,
v n a
novae ur b is maxi m e p o im i qui que C e n i e s e s

,
r x ,
a n n ,
s
9 C ru s t u m i n i , An tem n at e s ; e ti a m S a b in o ru m o m n is
1
q u as A ld u s z qu a n
a
A ;
1
e ti a m S c h e ib e : ia m a .
1
T h e C o n s u a li a w as a a v e st fe s
. al , h r
eld on A u u s
g 21 tiv h t .
C o ns u s , t h e tr
u e n a m e o f t h e go d , i s fr o m c o nd e r e , to s o e tr
up
”
. r a
F o m t h e s s oc a o n o f t h e fe s i ti
a l wi t h o s es c m e tiv hr a
34
LI V Y
m u lt it u d o cum l ib i s ac c er o n iu
g i b us venit . Invitati
h OS p it a l it e per domos cum
r s it u m m o e n ia
q ue et fre
q u en tem t e c t is ur b em tam brevi

v i d i s s e n t , m i ra n t u r
rem R m m e is s e Ubi p e c t c l i tempus venit
o an a cr v . s a u
d e d it e q e e o mentes cum
a u u l is e t tum ex com oc ra n ,
posito o rta vis s ig o q e dato iuvent s Romana ad

,
n u u
ra
p i e d asn i g i e s d is
v r rrit Mn agna pa r s fo r te
cu in .
,
quem q e q e i c id e r t r p t e : q u s d m forma ex
ua u n a ,
a a a a
c e lle t e s
n
p i m o ib u s pat
r r um d ers t i t s ex plebe na a
homines quibus datum neg o tium er t domos de fere

,
a ,
bant : unam longe ante alias specie ac p l c h i t u d i e u r n
i n s ign e m a globo T h l s s ii c i s d m r aptam fe a a t u u a ru n ,
m u l t is q e s is i t
u t ib s c u i
c cm eam fer r e n t i d e t i
an u na , n
dem e quis io l re t T h l s s io ferri c l m it t u m ;

,
n v a ,
a a a a
inde u p t i l e m hanc v o c e m f c t a m Turbato pe r

n a a .
metum l udicro m e s t i pa r entes irgi u m p ro fu giu n t

a v n
,
in cu s t e s violati
an h o i
p t e l s
1
d eu m q e i o
s u sc u u nv
cantes cuius ad s o ll e m e l d s q e pe r f s ac fi d e m
,
n u o u a
d e c e p t i e is s e t v N c c raptis aut spes de se melior

n n .
aut indignatio est mino r S e d ipse Romulus c i c m i . r u
bat d c e b t qu e pat r um id superbia factum qui con n

o a ,
bium fi it im is e g s s e n t ; illas ta me m in matrimonio

n n a ,
in societate f rt u u m omnium c i i t t is q e e t quo

o n ar v a u ,
n ihil carius humano gene r i sit libe r um fo r e ; molli ,
lu G 1
f d
s oe 0 s r u na v er : oe us .
1 trh
P l u a c , R om . 15 , al so giv es th e s t ryo , an d ob s e rv es
th at th e R om ans u sed
“T l i a as u s
”
as t he G r eek s d id
Hy m e n a e u s .
”
Se e al so C t ll a u us, lx i 13 4
. .
36
B OO K 1 . 1x .
9
—1
5
too came with all their people including their

, ,
children and wi es They were ho pitably enter v . s
t i e d in every hou e and when they had looked

a n s ,
at the site o f the C ity its w a lls a d its n umerou , , n s
buildi ngs they m a r velled that Rome had s o r a pidly

,
grown gr eat W hen the time came f the how

. or s ,
and people s thoughts and eyes were busy with it

’
the preconcerted attack began A t a given signal .
the young Romans darted thi way and that to seize s ,
and carry O ff the maidens In most cases these were .
taken by the men in whose path they chanced to be .
S ome O f exceptional beauty had been marked out

, ,
for the chie f s enators and were carried o ff to their ,
houses by plebeians to whom the o ffice had been

entrusted O e who f excelled the rest in mien
. n ,
ar
an d loveliness was seized the story relates by the

, , ,
gang o f a certain T h l s i Being repeatedly asked

a as us .
fo whom they were bearing he r ff they kept sh o ut

r O ,
ing that no one hould touch her for they we r e s ,
taking her to T h l s s i s and thi was the origin of

a a u , s
the wedding cry The S ports broke u p in a panic

- 1
.
,
and the parents o f the maidens fled sorrowing They .
charged the R o mans with th e crime of violati g n
hospitality and invoked the gods to whose solemn

,
games they had come deceived m violation f t e , o
l ig io nand honou r The stolen maide s were o . n n
mo r e hope ful f their plight n or less indignant But

o , .
R o mulus himsel f went amongst them and explained

that the pride f their parents had caused this deed
o ,
whe n they had r e fused thei r n eighbou r s the right

to 1 t e m y nevertheless the d gh t e l s should b e
n r a1 1 au
wedded and bec o me c o partners in all the posses

si o ns o f t h e Romans their citizenship and dearest
,
1n ,
p r ivileg e o f a l l t o the human race i n thei r childre n ,

LI V Y
rent modo iras e t quibus fors corpora d e d is s e t 1 , ,
darent im o s S e p e ex i i ri p o s t m o d m g t i m
an . a n u a u ra a
o t m
r a e oq e m e li
,
i b s usu r as viris quod d n i s
u or u
s ,
a u ru
pro se qu isque sit u t cum suam v i c e m functus ffi io , o c
sit p re t i m etiam p t i e q e e p l e t desiderium

,
a n u a r a u x a .
A cedeb
c t bl d it i e
an i o m factum p
an
g t iau m v r ru ur an
c p id it t e atque am o re
u a quae maxime ad muliebre ,
ingenium e ffi c e s preces sunt ca .
X l m d m o d u m mitigati animi raptis e t ; at

. a a ra n
r pt
a m parentes tum maxime s o rdida veste lacri
a ru
m i s qu e e t q u e e ll is civitates o c i t b a t
r N e d omi c n a n . c
tantum i d ig t i o e s o t i e b t sed c o ngregaban

n na n c n n an ,
tur d iq e ad T T t i m regem S b i o u m e t lega

un u . a u a n r ,
t i o e s e o quod maximum T t ii nomen i iis regioni

n ,
a n
bus erat c o e i e b n t C e i e s e s C u s t m i iq e
,
nv n a . a n n n r u n u
et A tem n te s e t ad quos eius i i i e pars pe r ti

na ra n n ur a
nebat Le nt e agere his Tatius S b i i q e visi sunt

. a n u
ipsi inte r se tres p o puli c o m m it e bellum pa rant un r .
Ne C s t m i i quidem atqu e A t e m t e s pro ardore

ru u n n na
i raque C e i e s iu m satis se i m p ig e movent ; ita

a n n n r
per se ipsum nomen C e n i u m in g m Romanum a n a ru
i m p e t m facit u S e d e ffuse st t i b u s fit o bvi s cum

. va an n
e e
x it
rc Romulus l e iqu e ce r tamine d e t vanam
u v oc
sine i ib s iram esse E e c i t u m f d i t f g t qu e

v r u . x r un u a
,
fu s u m p e s e q i t r : regem in p o e l io o b t u n c a t e t
r u u r r
1 d e d is s e t “
UOD : d e d is s en t 0 .
B OO K 1 . xx . 1 —x
5 .
4
only let them moderate their anger and give their ,
heart to those to whom fortune had given their

s
persons A sense f inj ury had o ften given place to

. o
a ffection and they woul d find their hu band th e

,
s s
kinder f this rea on that every man would earne tly

or s ,
s
endeavour not only to be a good husband but al o ,

s
t console his wi fe f
o th e home and parents she had or
lo ts His arguments were seconded by the wooing

.
o f the men who excu ed their act on the score f ,

s o
passion and l ove th e most moving of all pleas to ,
a woman s heart ’
X The resentment o f the brides was al ready

.
m uch diminished at the very moment when thei r
p arents in mourning garb

,
and with tears and la
m entations were attempting to arouse their tates
,
s
to action N o did they confine their complaint s

. r
to their home towns but thronged from every side ,
to the house of Titus Tatius ki g f the S abines ,

n o
and thithe r too came Official embassies fo the ame

, , ,
r n
of Tatiu was the greatest in all that country Th e

s .
men Of C e i C s t m i m and A t e m
a were
n n a, ru u u ,
n n ae ,
those wh had had a share in the wrong It seemed

o .
to them that Tatius and the S abines were p o s r c ra
ti t i g and witho t waiting fo them these three

na n ,
u r
tribes arranged f a joint campaign B t even th e or . u
C st m i i
ru s and A t e m t e s m oved too lowly
u n an n na s
to satis fy the bur ing anger f the C e i e s e s and n o a n n n ,
accordingly that nation invaded al one th e Roman

territory B t while they were dispersed and engaged
. u
in pillage Romulu appeared with h i troops and

, s s
ta ght them by an easy victory how ine ffectual is

u , ,
anger without trength Thei r a r my h e b r oke and s .
ro uted and pu rsued it as it fl ed th e i r king h e killed

,
LI V Y
s
p o l ia t ;duce occiso b e m prim
h ost iu m o impetu ur
5 capit . Inde e
it i t o e reducto ipse cum factis
x e rc u v c r , ,
vir m g ifi c u s tum f t m ostentato r haud minor

a n ac o ru ,
spolia duci h o s t i m c e i suspensa f b i t o ad id

s u a s a r ca
apte fe r l ge r c s in C apitolium e s c e d it i b iq e ea
cu o u n u
cum ad q e c u m p s t o i b s s
u r m d e p s is s e t simul
a r u a c ra o u ,
cum d ono d e s g t templo Iovis fi i s c o g

1 n av 1 me q e n no n u
6 a d d id it deo “ I p p i t e Feretri i n q it
u
“ haec tibi r
”
u ,
.
victor Romulus r ex regia arma fero t e m p l m q e his ,

u u
re i
g i
on b s quas umodo animo m e t t s sum dedico a u
sedem o p im is S p l iis quae e gib s d ib s q e h o

o ,
r u uc u u s
tium c e s is me a t o e m sequentes po ter i fe e t

au c r s r n .
7 Haec templi est origo q od primum omni m Ro m ae u u
s t m est
a c ra u Ita d i d e d iis visum nec i i t m
. e n ,
nr a
c o d it o i s templi
n r cem e se qua l t o e o S polia
vo s a ur s
p t
os e sro
p i t
nun cu nec multitudineav
p o t m eius
,
c on u
doni volgari l d e m Bina p o stea inter tot

au . o an n s,
tot bella Opima parta sunt S polia ; adeo ra ra eius

,
fortuna d e c o i s fuit r .
XI D m ea ibi Romani ge r nt A t e m t i u m
. u a , n na
e x e r i t s per o c c s i
c u em ac s l it d i e m h o s t il it e
a on o u n r
in fines Romanos i s io e m facit R p t im e t ad

n cur n . a
1
it r t
J u p e F e re t riu s ( e y m o l o gy u n k n o wn ) wa s t h e p u e r
t i it r w h
I al an Ju p e , o se o s w r hi
p wa s l a e o e s a d o e d b y tr vrh w
tr
t h e E u s c a n go d o f t h e g e a e m p le o n t h e Ca p r tt
ol Se e it .
w r
F o l e , F es t p 2 2 9 . . .
2
th r i t
Th e o e n s an ces e e th e wr
c o es of Coss s o e vi t ri u vr
u niu in
T ol m s, k g o f Ve ( an d ii iv
o f Ma c e ll s o e r u vr
.
B OO K 1 . x .
4
—x 1 . I
in battle and despoiled ; their city once thei r leader ,
w s slain he captured at the first assault

a ,
H e the n .
led h i victorious army back and bei g n ot m o re

s ,
n
Splendid in his deeds than willing to display them ,
b e arranged the poil f the enemy s dead com

’
s s o
m nder upon a frame uitably fashioned for the pur

a , s
p ose , and carrying ,

it himsel f mounted the C apitol ,
.
Having there deposited his burden by an oak which ,
th e S hepherds held sac r ed at the same time he ,

as
made his O ffering h e marked out th e limit f a s O
temple to Jupiter and besto wed a title upon him , .
“Jupite r F e e t i s “
he said to thee I victorious
r r u , , ,
Romulus mysel f a king bring the panoply o f a king

, , ,
and dedicate a acred precinct within the bounds s
which I have even now marked ff in my mind to be O ,
a seat fo r the S poil f honour which men hall bear s o s
hither in time to come following my example whe n , ,
they have slain kings a n d commanders o f the enemy .
This was the origin f the fi r st temple that was con o
se c ra t d in Rome 1 It pleased H eave

e .in the sequel n , ,
that while the founder s words S hould t be in vain ’

no ,
when he declared that men should bring S poils thither

in the after time yet the glory o f that gi ft hould
,
s
not be staled by a multitude of partakers Twice .
only S ince then in l l these years with their many

,
a
wars have the spoils of hono r been w o n so rarely

,
u
have m e n had the g o od fortune t o attain to that

distinction 2
.
XI While th e Roma n s we r e thus occupied in the

.
C ity the army o f the A t e m

, t e s seized the p p n na O or
tun i t y a fforded by their absence and made an inroad ,
upon thei r territory ; b u t s o swi ft ly was th e Roman

Vi d m
r o ki g f th I
a ru s , b i n G ul o P r p rti t lle n su r an a s . o e us e s
t h th r
e t ri i iv 1 0
ee s o es n . .
LI V Y
hos Romana l e gi palatos in agris O

pp e s it
o
u
d u c ta r s ,
i m p etu e t clamore hostes O pp i

°
1
2 F s u
g t l
p r m c
1 1 ur l
dum p t m ; d ca
h q e
u
ctor a o t em R m l m
u
cl
0
u Vi
0
i van o u u
H ersilia i p e b s r
p t
c on u n x
m f t g t orat ui r c1 u a a ru a 1 a a
e t b us e
ar m
det veniam e t in
a ru
i it t e m acci c v a
p n i
l e s c e e c o ncordia posse Facile
a r
p at ; t rem co
1 i a
.
3 im p t t m e Inde
ra
contra
u
C s t m m o s p fe c t s
1
ru u ro u
s Ib m m us et am quod 16 5 ’ 1 3 1 11 1
bellum i f e t e z n er n
'
,
t animi c e t m i i s fuit Ut o q e r a n r
l d ib s e id e i
’ ,
. u
4 c a u c c ra
l u re s inventi qui propte r ube r
col i e missae ;
on a
p
C s t m m m nomma da r ent Et ru u u
tatem te rrae in .
1 uen t er m g t um es t a P aren H ) us l ra 1
Ro m m nde f e a i r <
m e ac prop
quis p t m [ ra a ru .
m ax 1 in
b S b s bellum o t m m lt q e
0
a 1n 1 r u u o u
5 No 5 5 m m a l v1 1 u
,
m m fu t
em m p er ram aut cu p d n1 1 1
‘
1
'
1
d m
1 ax 1 u 1
tatem a c t u m est n ec st e d e t bellum pr us quam o n ru n i

,
C onsilio
etiam d d it s dolus S p Tar a u . .
6 i t le
n t
u ru n
ee t arci H ui s fi l i m v i gi e m
ra ra n a r n
peius Ro m e p an a
.
auro c mp t T
ati
o rru
s ut m tos i
l
cem ci i t ;
p a ar a n ar ac a
aquam forte ea tum s is extra m o e i petitum ac r n a
ab t m armis e e re seu t vi ru a n cav u

7 erat A ccept
,
1 1 1
id e e t r seu p d e d i exempli
.
c v r u ro n
capta p t s n o lu a
,
gq m fi d m p r odit o ri esset A ddi ua u

8 cau a e quid
.
s n u
’ vulgo S b aureas m ll s magni
a
a 1n 1 ar 1 a
tur f b l quo d a u a,
1
G l a r ea n u s : fa b u l a e ( o r -l e ) a .
1 fa b u l a
1
v t e s al, p
e h ad t o d r w w t r fr
a a e om th e s
p ri n g of
As a S
t h e C am e n ae .
LI V Y
A U C.
. .
p on d e ris b ra c c h i o g q magna laevo

specie em m atos ue
anu l s h b o i t p e p ig is s e earn quod i

a u er n s i is t is
, n n r
m an ib h b e e t ; e scuta illi pro

us a r n i donis con O a u re s
9 ge ta s S unt qui eam

. pacto t d e d i quod in ex ra n
s i i t is m
n s i b s esset d
r e t
an arma p t i s s e d ic t
u er c o e an .
e t fraude visam agere sua i p s m p e e m p t m mer ,

a r a
cede .
X I I T e e e ta m e
. c em
nu S abini atqu e inde
r n ar ,
po tero die cum Romanu e c it s i s t c t s quod

s ,
s x er u n ru u
inter P alatinum C p i t l i m q e collem campi est a o nu u
co m p l e e t non prius d e s e d
ss , t in e q m quam c n e ru n a uu
ira e t p id it t e ip e
cu d e arcis stimulante ani
a re c ra n a
2 mos in adversum Romani s b i e e P rincipes t im u r . u r
que pugnam c i e b t ab S b i i M t t i s C urtius ab an a n s e u ,
Romanis H o s t i s H s t il i s H ic r em Ro m m
u o u . an a
iniquo loco ad prima signa animo atque audacia

3 su sti e b t n U t H o t i s e c i d it
a . o fe s t im Romana s u c ,
c n
inc li t acies f s q e est ad e t e e m portam

na ur u a u v r
P l t ii
a a Romulus e t ipse tu r ba f gi e t i m actus
. u n u
4 arma ad caelum tollens

“ I p p it e tuis i q i t u r, n u
, ,
i su s vib
su s hic in P l t i
a prima urbi fundamenta
u a a o
i i
ec A c e m iam
. c ele e r m p t m S abini h b e t ; s r e a a n
5 inde huc armati uperata media valle t e d n t ; at s n u
tu pate r deum h m i m q hine saltem arce hostes

,
o nu u e, ;
deme ter r orem Romanis f g m q e fo d m s is t e ! u a u e a
6 H ic ego tibi templum S t atori Iovi quod monumen ,
A c c o d n g t o D o n Ha l
1
r i 38, s wa s t h eie s on g en
. . ii
th i. vri iv
b y L C a l p u rn i u s P s o
. P op e us o e th e b esi o f h is . r rti wr t t
ae ti
o lo i
g c a l p o e m s ( i v 5) a b o u T a p e a . t r i .
B OO K 1 . x 1 . 8 —x 11 . 6
bracelets on their le ft arms and magnificent j ewelled

rings h e had stipulated f what they had on their
,
s or
le ft arm and that they had there fore heaped thei r

s,
shield upon her instead f gi fts of gold S ome say

s ,
o .
that in virtue f the compact that they S hould gi e

,
o v
her what they wore on thei r arms she flatly de ,
m and d their shields and her treachery being per

e ,
c ei ed
v f0 fe it e d her li fe to the bargain she herself
,
1
had struck 1
.
XI I Be that as it may the S abines held t h e

.
,
citadel Next day the Roman army was drawn up

.
,
and covered the ground between the P alatine Hill

and the C apitoline but the Sabi es wou l d not come ,
n
down till rage and eagerness to regain the citadel

had goaded their enemy into marchi g up the slope n
against them Two champions led the figh ting the

.
,
S abine M e t t iu s C urtius on the one side and the ,
Roman H s t i s H o s t il i s o n the other H o s t i s

o u u . u
held the Romans firm despite their disadvantage o f ,
position by the reckless cour ge h e di played in th e

,
a s
thick Of the fray But when he fell the Roman .

,
line gave way at once and fled toward the l d gate

.
s O
o f the P alatine Romulu him el f was swept along

. s s
in the crowd o f the fugitives till li fting his sword ,

“
and shield to heaven h e cried O Jupite r it was , , ,
thy omen that directed me when I laid h ere on

the P alatine the firs t foundations o f my C ity Th e .
fort r ess is already bought by a crime and in the pos

session Of the S abines whence they are come sword , ,
in ha d across the valley to seek us here But do

n ,
.
thou father of god and men keep them back from

,
s ,
this S pot at least ; deliver the Romans from th eir

terror a n d stay their shame ful flight ! I he r e vow
,
to thee Jupite r the S tayer a temple t o be a

, , ,
LI V Y
tum S it p o s t e is tua praesenti ope s e r t m b e m r va a ur
7 esse o eo ,
vHaec p e c t s e t i s e s is s e t
v . l 1
r a u ,
v u n au
d itas preces “ Hi c i q it “ Romani Iu p p it e n n u r

, , ,
optimus maximus resiste r e atque ite ra r e pugnam

i b et
u R e s t it e re Ro m ani tamquam c e l e s t i voce
. a
8 iussi : ipse ad p r imores Romul us p o o l t M e t t iu s r v a .
C urtius ab S b i is princeps ab a r ce d e c u a n r re t et cu ra
e ff s s e g e
u o t Romanos toto quantum foro spatium
ra ,
est N e p ro c u l iam a p o rta P alati e rat l m it s

. c c a an ,
V i i m s p e fi d o s h o s p it e s i m b e l l e s hostes ; iam s c i
c u r t , un
longe aliud es e i g i e s r ape r e aliud pugnare cum s v r n ,
9 viris I n c u m haec gl o i n t e m cum globo fe o is s i

. r a r c
morum i u e m Romul s i m p e t m facit E equo

v nu u u . x
tum forte M e tti s p g b t ; e o pelli f il i s f it u u na a ac u u .
P l s m Romani p e s e q
u u t ; e t alia Romana acies r uu n ur
1 0 audacia regis accensa f d i t S abino M e t t i u s in un s .
paludem sese s t re p it u s e q e t i m trepida n te equo u n u
c o i e it ;
n ve te
c t q e ea res etiam S abinos tanti
a r ra u
periculo viri Et ille quidem d e t ib s ac o . a nu n u v can
tib s suis favore m l to m addito animo e d it

a u ru va
Romani S b in iqu e in media convalle duorum mo n

a
tium e d i t e g r t p o e l i m S e d res Romana erat

r n an r u .
superior .
XI I I Tum S b i e m u l ie e s q ru m ex i i i
. a na r ,
ua n ur a
bellum o t u m erat c i ib s passis s i s s q e veste

r ,
r n u c a u
1
BR u e l u t is M Z P ?: u elu t si M ‘s-z u elu ti si
‘
u elu ti 0 .
B OO K 1 . X 11 . 6 -x 11 1 . I
memorial to ou r descendants how the C ity was saved

b y t l y present help H aving uttered this prayer ”
- 1 .
he exclaimed i f he had perceived that it w

,
as as
heard H ere Roman Jupiter O ptimus M axim s

, ,
s, u
com ma d to tand and renew the fight !

n s us s Th e ”
Roman did stand as though directed by a voice

s ,
from Heaven Romulus himsel f rushing into the

,
fore front f the battle M e t t i s C urtius on the

o . u ,
S abine ide had led th e charge down from th e

s ,
citadel and driven the Roman i disorder ove r

,
s n
all that ground which the Forum occupie H e was s .
not now f from the gate f the P alatine S houting

ar o , ,
“W e have beaten our faithless ho t our cowardly s s,
enemie ! They know now how great is the di ffer

s
ence between carrying ff m aidens and figh ting with O
men 1 W hile he pronounced this boast a band f o
gallant youths led on by Romulus a ailed him It, ,

ss .
chanced that M e t t i s was fighti g on horseback at u n
the time and was the r e fore the more easily put to
,
flight A S h e fled th e Romans followed ; and th e

.
,
re t f their army too fired by th e reckless daring of

s o , ,
their ki g drove th e S abines be fore them M e t t i s

n ,
. u
plu ged into a wamp h i horse becoming unman

n s ,
s
ageable in the din f th e pursuit and even the o ,
S abine were drawns ff from the general e gage O n
ment by the danger to SO great a man A f . s or
M e t t i s h ear t ened by the gestures and shouts of

u ,
his foll o wers and the enco ragement o f the throng u ,
h e made his e cape and the Romans and the S abines

s
renewed their battl e in the valley that lies between

the two hills But th e advantage rested with the
.
Romans .
XI I I Then the S abine wome n whose wrong had

.
,
given rise t o th e war with loosened hair and torn ,

LI VY
v i ct o malis muliebri pavore s e se inter tela v o ,
au a
lantia i f e ex transverso impetu facto dirimere

n e rr ,
2 in festas acies dirimere iras h in c patres h i c viros, , n
o rantes me se sanguine nefand o s o c e i ge e riqu e r n
r e s p e ge e t r me parricidio m a c u l e t pa r tus su o s
r n ,
ar n
,
3 e t mo illi
u hi liberum o e ie m
“ S i d fi i t t i r n
n
p p g , a s . a n
inter vos S i conubii p ige t in nos e t it e iras ; nos

, , v r
causa belli nos l e m ac c e d i u m viris ac pare n

,
vo n ru a
t i b s s m s ; melius p
u u i b i m u s quam S ine a l t e i s ves
u er r
trum i d e aut
v o b euai e m s M o et
1 res cum r a v v u .
”
v
m l t i t d i e m tum duces ; silentium e t r epentina fit

u u n
i e s ; inde ad f e d s faciend m duces d e t o u u ro

q u
p ; un
nec pacem modo sed i it t e m unam ex d b s ,

c v a ua u
f i ac un t Regnum c s o c i t : imperium omne con

. on an
f e ru n t R m m Ita geminata urbe t S b i i t m e

o a .
,
u a n s a n
aliquid d e t r Quirites a C ib u s appellati M onu

ar u ,
ur .
mentum eius p g e ubi primum ex profunda eme r u na ,
sus palude equus C u t i m i n vado s t t u i t C t i m r u a ,

ur u
lacum p p e ll u t a ar n .
6 E bello t m tristi l e t repente pax

x a i e a a c ar or s
S abinas viris ac p e t ib s e t ante omnes Romulo ar n u
m 1t M , m it F m
on e L m t Q 1
ou : ou es ou e n .
u i r it e s r m pr
C r V rr
ob ably
( f
1 c om e s n ot
Q “
o u es, n or as a o
th gh t ) fr m t h S b i w rd q i i ( i ) p r b t
ou o e a ne o u r s cu r s , s ea , u
f m
ro i (f
”
xt ti ) ; it w l d t h m a w rd
cu r a c . ne sec on ou en e n a s
m en .
F 2 th r x p l ti f t h m
or an o e 6 V rr e ana on o e na e see v i l . . a o,
L L v 1 4 if
. .a i g th i v r i
. f th t ry t P i
,
ss ns s e s on o e s o o so,
th t h r t P il i
e o eddi g t h ird
o th th rity
ro c us, a n a , on e au o
of C r li od L t ti
ne t thus ff t t h t t h
an L u a u s, o e e ec a e a on s
48
B OO K 1 . x m . 1 —6
ga rments their woman s timidity lost in a sense o f

,
’
their mis fortune dared to go amongst the flying ,
mis iles and rushing in from the ide to part th e

s ,
s ,
hostile forces and disarm them o f thei r anger b e ,
s e e c h i g their fathers on this side

n on that their ,
husbands that fathers i law and on i -law S hould

,
-n- s s- n
not stain themselves with impious bloodsh ed nor pol ,
l te with parricide the suppliant children grand ons

u s
’
,
s
to one party and ons to the other If you regret s .

,
”
“
they continued the relationship that unites you , ,
i f you regret the marriage tie tur your ange r -

,
n
against us ; we are th e cau e f war the cause o f s o ,
wounds and even death to both our husbands and our

,
parents It will be better f us to perish than to

. or
live lacking either of you as widows or as orphans

, , .
”
It was a touching p l ea not only to the rank and file , ,
but to their leaders as well A stillness fell o n .
them and a sudden hush Then the leaders cam e

,
.
forward to make a truce and not only did they agree ,
on peace but they made one people out f th e two

,
o .
They S hared the overeignty but all authority was s ,
trans ferred to Rome In this way the population .
was doubled and that some concession might a fter

,
all be g ranted the Sabin e s the citizens were named ,
Quirites from the town f C ures A s a reminde r

,
O .
1
of this battle they gave the name f C t i Lake o ur an
to th e pool where the horse o f C urtius first emerged

fro m the deep swamp and brought h iS id e r t o ‘
safety 2
.
The sudden exchange of so unhappy a wa r for a

j oy ful peace endeared the S abine women eve n more
t o their husbands and parents and above all t o ,
C rti
u w
us pl wh i h h d b
as tru k b y l igh t i g i
a ace c a e en s c n n n
th c e l h ip f
on s u s C rti o a u u s.
LI V Y
i psi fecit . It a q u e cum populum in curias t rig in t a
7 d i v i d e re t ,nomina e m ii s i p o s it Id n o
a ru cur n u . n
traditur cum haud dubie l i q t o numerus maior

,
a u an
hoc m l ie m fuerit e t t e an d ig it t ib s suis

u ru , a a n a u
i
v ro ru m e an sorte l e t e sint quae nomina c u i is
v c a r
8 darent E d e m tempo r e e t e t i e tres e q it m

. o c n ur a u u
c on
s i p t e sunt
cr Ramnenses ab Romulo ab T
a .
, .
T t i o T i t i e s e s appellati L e u m nominis e t origi

a n , u c r
i causa incerta est

n s Inde non modo commune sed .
,
s etiam regnum d o b s
n cor e ib u s fuit u u r
co
g .
X IV P ost aliquot an os propi qui regis T t ii

. u n a
legatos Laurentium pulsant c m q e L e t e s iure , u u au r n
gentium ge re t apud T t i m g r atia s orum e t

a n ,
a u n
2 prece plus p o t e t Igitu r ill o m poenam in se

s ra n . ru
ve t it ;
r m L i ii cum ad s o ll e m e
na av n ifi c i m c o
,
n sa c r u
3 ve is s e t
n c rs facto i t fi i t
,
con u E m rem minus
u n er c ur . a
e e quam d ig
r m e r at t l i sse R om l
nu m fe t u u u
a
g ru n ,
seu Ob i fid m s i e t a t e m r egni seu quia haud

n a oc ,
i iu i c e s m c e d e b t
n r a a It q e bello quidem absti
u r a . a u
nuit ; t tame m e p i r t u l e g t u m i i i e regis

u x a en r a or n ur a
e d e s f e d u s inter R o m m L o i i m e urbes a av n u
q eu ca , q u
re o n t m estva u .
4 Et cum his quidem inspe r ata pax erat aliud multo

propi s atque i n ip s is prope portis bellum o t m
a r u .
Fid e t e s nimis v i c i
na s prope se c o n l e s c e e O pes
na va r
1
The c u r ia wa s a p o l iti c al u n it th e m em b e r s of wh i h h d c a
cert i r l i gi rit i m m
a n e ou s es n co on .
A l l thr
2
m b r ee n a es a re O sc u e, b u t i t 18 n ot i m pr b b l o a e
th t th y r p r t R m
a e e es en a o an , a i
Sa b n e , a n d a n Etr u scan
l m
e e t i t h p p l ti
en n e o u a on .
5 0
LI VY
r ati p i q m tantum b is esset qua n tum futu
,
r us ua ro or
rum pp e b t occupant bellum facere I

a ar a , t te . u v en u
armata im m i s t t agri qu o d inter b m ac

s a v as a ur ur e
5 Fidenas est Inde ad l e m versi quia dextra

. a va ,
Tiberi b t cum magna t p i d t i

s a rc e a , e g t i m re a on a re s u
p p o l t
u an ; t m l
ur t q urepe s ex
u agris
us in b mue n ur e
6 i l tn a us pro ti fuit E it Romulus— n equ e

nun o . x c us
en m d il t i m pati tam i i m bellum p t t

i a on e v c nu o e ra
e it m
x e rc d u it castr e a Fid i mill e p
uc ,
am en s assu u
7 l t
oca I bi modico p
. id i li t g e s omnibus
ra e s o re c o e r s us
co i
p is partem m i l i t m locis circa densa u i gu l t
1 v r a
O b i b i d e in i id
sc u r s su s i s s i t ; cum pa r te maiore
er ns u s u
atque omni e q it t p f t s id qu o d q e b t u a u ro ec u , ua re a ,
tumultuoso t minaci genere pug n a c d e q it d

e ,
a u an o
ip i prope portis h t m
s s i it Fugae quoque
os e ex c v .
,
quae im l d erat eadem q t i pugna causam

S u an a ,
e ues r s
8 minus m i b il m dedit ra Et cum

e e l t inter pugnac .
,
v u
f g q
u ae consilium trepidante q it t pedes quoque
ue e u a u,
ref e t gradum
e rr p l i r epe n te ,
po r tis e ffusi
en s hostes
impul a Romana acie studio i s t d i q e d iq
s n an se u n ue
9 t h
ra t un ad locum insidiar m l d subito e t i
ur a . n e x or
Romani t m i d
ra n s v e rs a t h st i m ie m n va dd t un o u ac a un
p m
a v o re mota e st i signa corum ca qui in
r s
p e i d i ra s o
r elicti f t ; ita multiplici te r ro r e p e

u e ra n l s i Fide rc u
nates prius p quam Romulus quique

aen e h i cum av e
e visi
o t 2 i
e ra n m ge t fre mis e q
c rc u s terga ver
a re n uo ,
d e n s a u irgu l t a H J
1 . . M u eller : o b s i t a u i rgu l t a C on wa y
d e n s a o b s i t a u i r gu l t a a .
q iq
2
u ue au eh i cu m e o u 1s 1 e ra n t Wa l ters : q ul
qu e cu m eo
ui i s t (qe ra n u i s i e ra n t P : e q i u s i e r a n t F 2EB ) UOEH P F B
q iq
u m ue cu eo q iqu ue cu m e qui s a b i e ra n t u s i ( u i s r D L )
'
M DL q i q u ue cum eo e qui t es e ra n t D g
2
B OO K 1 . x 1v .
4 9
-
safety did not wait till its promised strength hould

,
s
be realized but began war them elves A rming the

,
s .
young men they ent them to ravage the land b e

,
s
tween the C ity and Fi d e Thence they t urned ena .
to the le ft— f the Tibe r stopped them on the right

or
—and by their devastations struck terror into the
farmers whose sudden stampede from the fields i to
, n
the C ity brought the first tidings of war Romulus .
led forth his army on the instant for delay was im ,
possible with th e enemy s o near and pitched his ,
cam p a mile from Fid e e Leaving there a smal l na .
guard h e marched out with all his forces A part

,
.
o f his men he ordered to lie in ambush on this side ,
and on that where thick underbru h a fforded cover ;

,
s
advancing with the greate r part of the infantry and

all the cavalry and delivering a disorderly and pro
,
v ok i
gnattack in which the horsemen
,
galloped l a
mos t p to the gates b e accompli hed his purpose

u , s
of drawing out the enemy For the flight too which .

, ,
had next to be feigned the cavalry engagement ,
a fforded a favo rable pretext A d when not only

u . n
the caval ry bega n to waver as if undecided wheth er ,
to fi ght o r run but the in fantry al o fell back the

,
s ,
city gates were quickly thro ged by the enemy who n ,
pou r ed out and hurled themselves against the R oman

line and in the ardour of attack and pursuit were
,
drawn on to th e place o f ambuscade There the .
Romans suddenly prang out and assailed the enemy s

s
’
flanks while to add to their terror the standards of

, , ,
the detachment which had been left o n guard were

seen adva cing from the cam p ; thus threatened by
n
so many dangers the men o f F id e e scarcely f na a
forded time fo Romulus and those whom they had

r
seen riding O ff wi th him t o wheel about be fo r e they ,
53
LI V Y
tunt ; m l t o q e e ff s i s quippe vera fuga qui simu
u u u u , ,
la tes paulo ante s e u t i e t oppidum e p e t e b t

u c ra n ,
r an .
Non tam em e ip e re se hosti h e e s in tergo Ro

r u : a r n
manus p i s q u m fores p o t m o b ic e e t
,
r u a el t r a ru r n u r, v u
a m i e uno in m p it n ru
g .
X V Belli F id e t is contagione in ri t t i V e i e t i m
na a n u
animi e t o s g i it t e — nam F id e t e s quoque

c n an u n a na
Et s i f e
ru c t — e t quod ipsa p
u ru n
p q t s loci si
i i ro n u a ,
Romana arma omnibus infesta fi it im is e s s e t stim n n , a
labat I fines Romanos e c c rre t p o p l b d i

. n x u u ru n u a un
2 magis quam i u s t i more belli It q e o c s t ri s . a u n n a
p o s it is non e sp e c t t o h ost i m e e
,
x i t raptama ex u x rc u
agris p e d m portantes V eios e d ie re Romanus

ra a r .
contra p o s t q m h s t e m in agris non invenit dimi

,
ua o ,
cationi ultimae i s t u t u s i t e n t u s q e T ib e im tran

n r c n u r
3 Sit . Q em p o s t q m castra pone r e e t ad u b e m

u ua r
a c ess
c m V e ie t e s
u ru d i e e O bviam egressi
n t au v r , , u
t
o i s acie d e c e n e e t quam inclusi de t e c t i s moe mi
u r r n
p
4 busqu e d i i m re t Ibi i i b s nulla a rte
ca n .
1
d i t is v r u a u
tantum veterani robore e e i t s rex Romanus i it x rc u v c ,
t s e fu os ad m o e i hostes urbe
s valida n a
p e se r
q cu u u
muris ac situ ipso munita a b s ti u it : ag ro s re d ie n s n
rt F , P t N i p art 0
1
a e
1
e rus a n n us e .
B OO K 1 . x 1v .
g
— xv .
4
broke and ran and in far greater disorder than that

,
o f the pretended fugitives whom they had j ust been

chasing fo the flight was a real one thi time
— r s
sought to regain the town But the F id e t e s did . na
not escape their foes ; the Romans followed close

upon thei r heels and before the gates could be shut
,
b urst into the city as though they both fo r med but ,
a single a r my .
X V F rom F i d e
. e th e wa r spirit by a kind of
na -
,
conta gio n spread to th e V e i e t e s whose ho tility

,
n , s
was aroused by thei r kinship with the F id e t e s na ,
Etruscans like themselve and was intensified by the s,
danger which lay in their very proximity to Rome ,
i f he r arms should be directed against all her neigh

bou rs They made an i n cu r sion into Roman territory
.
which more re embled a ma rauding expedition than

s
a regula r campaign ; and s o witho t having , u en
trenched a camp or waited fo r the enemy s army ’
they ca rried ff their booty from th e fields and

o
brought it back to V e The Rom ans on the con u .

,
t
ra r
y,
not finding their enemy in the fields crossed ,
the Tiber ready a n d eager fo a decisive struggle

,
r .
W hen the V e ie t e s heard that th ey we r e making a

n
camp and would be advancing against their city

, ,
they went out to meet them pre ferring to settle ,
the qua r rel in the field of battle rathe r than to be

S hut up and compelled to fight fo r their homes and
their t o w n W ithout employing st r ategy to aid his
.
forces the Roman king won th e b a ttle by the shee r

,
st r ength f h i seasoned army and routing his ene

o s ,
mies pursued them to their walls But the city w s

,
. a
strongly for tifie d beside the protection a fforded by

,
s
its S ite and h e refrained from attacking it Thei r

,
.
fi elds indeed he laid waste as he r e tu rn ed m o re in

, , ,
LI V Y
5 v a st a t , u magis quam p e d e studio a e
l c is c e n d i ra a . u
clade haud minus quam adversa pugna s b t i Ve i u ac
entes pacem petitum o t e s Ro m m m it t u t A g r i ra or a n .
parte m l t t is in centum u a s i d t i e d atae ann o n u a .
6 Haec ferme Romulo regnante domi m il it i e qu e a
gesta quorum nihil b s o n m fi d e i d i i e origi n is

,
a u v na
d i i i t t i s q e post mortem
v n a u e d it a e fuit no n animus cr ,
in r egno avito e c ip e d o non c o d e d e urbis r ra n ,

n n a
7 consili m non bello ac pace fi m

u ,
d ae A b illo r an .
enim p o fe t i ib s datis tantum val a it u t in quad

r c o v r u
8 ra i t d ei dn a o s t u tam pacem haberet

n e an n M ulti
g .
tu di i t m e
‘
n
g r t io afuit quam n
p t i
a b longe
r ante a r u s,
alios c e p t i s s im u s m il it u m animis ; t e e t o s q u e
ac r c n
rm t o s ad custodiam corpo r is
a a qu o s C e l e re s appel ,
lavit n o n bello solum sed etiam i pace habuit

,
in n .
X VI His i m o rt l i b s e d it i s Op e ib u s cum ad
. n a u r
e x e rc i t m re c e s e d m
u c o t io e m n i n campo ad
n u
'
n n
C aprae paludem haberet subito c o o rt a t e m p e s t s , a
cum magno fragore t o it ib u s q e tam denso regem n r u
O e r it nimbo u t c on s e t m
p eius uc o t io i b st u c u n n a
p
2 l e it ; nec d e i d e in te r ris Romulus fuit
r n Romana .
pubes sedato tandem pavore p o s t q m ex tam tu r ,

ua
bido die sere a e t t ranquilla l n e d iit ubi m ux r ,

v ac u a
sedem r egiam vidit etsi satis c e d e b t p t ib s qui ,

r a a r u ,
1
it r
L e a lly , “
th e S f wi t .
2
F o r t h e d e i fi c a t io n cf C ic . . d e R ep 11 1 7 ; D o n H a l
. . i . .
ii . 5 6 ; P i n t R om . O d
. xx vii . vi a t
l s o e ll s t h e s o y i n F a s ti, tr
ii . 49 1 ff a n d M e t
. 8 06 ff. x iv. .
56
B OO K 1 . xv .
4
—xv 1 . 2
revenge th n from a desire fo booty and this disa ter

a r ,
s ,
following upon th eir de feat induced the Ve i e t to ,

n es
send envoys to Rome and e fo peace They were su r .
deprived of a part f their land and a truce was o ,
g anted them fo r a hundred years

r
S uch w e r e the principal achievements of the reig n

of Romulus at home and i the field n o r is any of
,
n ,
them in compatibl e with the belie f i his divine n
origin and the divinity which was ascribed to the

king afte r his death whethe r one conside r s his spirit
,
in recove ring the kingdom o f his ancesto r s or his ,
wisdom i n founding the C ity d in st r engthening it an
by wa rlike and peace ful measures Fo r it was to .
him assu r edly that R o me owed th e igour which

, ,
v
enabled he r t o e njoy an untroubled peace f the or
next forty year s Neve rtheless h e w s more liked

.
,
a
by th e commons than by the senate and was pre ,
emi ently dear to the hearts f his soldiers O f

n o .
the e he had th r ee hundred fo r a bodyguard to

s ,
whom he gave the name of C e l e e s and kept them r ,

1
by him n ot only war but also time of peace

,
ln ,
in .
X VI W hen these deathless deeds had been done

.
, 71 6
as the kin g was holding a m uster in the C ampus
M artius near the s wamp f C apra fo the purpose
,
o ,
r
o f reviewi g the army suddenly a storm came up

n , ,
with loud claps o f thunder and enveloped him in a ,
cloud so thick s to hide him from the sight of the

a
assembly ; and from that moment Romulus was n o

more on earth 2 The Roma n soldiers at length e
. r
covered from thei r panic when this hou r o f wild ,
con fusion had been succeeded by a sunny calm ; but

when they s w that the r oyal eat was empty l
a s ,
a
tho gh they r eadily believed the asse rtion o f t h e

u
s enato r s wh o had bee n sta n ding next t o R o mulus

, ,
LI VY
p ro x im i sublimem
s t e t e ra n p t m procella
t, t m e ra u ,
a n
v el t u b i t t i s metu i t m e s t m
or a l iq m d i c ilen a a u a ua u s
3 tium b ti oit De i d e a paucis initio facto deum

nu . n
deo matum regem p e t e m q e urbis R m e sal

,
ar n u o an a
vere universi R m l m i bent ; pacem p e c ib s ex o u u n r u
p o
s cunt uti volens
, p pO i t i u s suam semper s o s it e t
pr
4 p ro
g e ie m n Fuisse credo
. tum qu o qu e l i q u s qui a o
d is cer t u m r egem patrum m i b s taciti a e t ; an u r

p g e u r n
m an a v i t enim haec quoqu e sed p e o b s c fama ; r u ra
i l l m alteram d m i t i o viri e t pavor p raesens nobili

a a ra
5 t av it .Et consilio etiam unius hominis addita rei

d i it u fi d e S
c r N m q e P o c l s I l iu s sollicita civi
. a u r u u u ,
tate desiderio regis e t i fe s p t i b u s gravis u t n n a a r , ,
traditur q u m is magnae rei auctor i o n t i e m

,
a v ,
n c on
6 p rod it “
Romulus i q it Quirite parens urbis ”
n u s,
,
.
hui s prima hodierna luce c e l o r epente d e l p s s se

n ,
a a u
mihi b i m dedit C m p e f s s h o rro e venera

o v u . u r u u r
bundus d s t it is s e m p e t e s p e c ib u s t cont r a i
1
a ,
n r u n
7 tueri fas esset A b i Roma n is ’
ti i q u it
,
‘
,
nun a, n
‘
c e l e s t e s ita velle
a u t mea Roma caput o rbis te r
ra r u m sit ; p ro i d e rem militarem c o l n t sci t qu e an ,
an
e t ita p o s t e is t r d t n u llas opes humanas armis

r a an
Romanis resistere posse Haec i q it l o t s “ .

’ ”
n u cu u
, ,
8 ublimis
s b ii t M i u m quantum illi vi r o u t i
a . r n n
anti haec fi d e s fue r it q u m qu e desiderium Romuli ,

a
1
u e n e ra b u n d u s M g“ : u e n e ra b u n d u s
qu e n .
1
T h e R om an s r e gu l arl y p r ay e d wit h th e h e a d c lo a k e d .
LI V Y
apud p l eb em e x e rc i t u m q ue facta fid e i n m o rt a l i t a t is
l e n it u m sit .
XVI I . P atrum certamen regni ac inte rim a n im o s
cupido e rs b t
v N e d u m ad s g u o s
a i al 1
. quia emo c n ,
n
m g Op e e e m i e b t in n ov o populo p e v e e r t
a n r n a ,
r n a
2 f t i ib s inter o r dines c e t b t u r
ac on u O riundi ab r a a .
S b i is
a n e quia post Tati mortem ab sua pa rte n o n
,
n ,
erat e g t m in societate a c qua possessionem im

r na u ,
perii m it t e e t sui corporis c re i r egem o l e b a t ;

a r n ,
ar v n
Romani e t e re s p e e g i u m r egem a s p e r b t u r
v r r n na an .
3 I n varns l t t i b s e g i t m e omnes o l e b t
vo un
2
a u r n ar a n v an
4 l ib e t t i s d l c e d i e
r a d m expe r ta
u Timor d e i d e
n n on u . n
pa t res i e s s it e c i i t t e m S ine imperio e e c it m

nc ,
n v a ,
x r u
sine duce m l t u m circa i i t t i m i it t is animis

u ar c v a u nr a
vis l iqu externa d o i e t r Et esse igitu r l iq o d

a a a r r u . a u
caput p l e b t e t nemo alteri concedere in im u m

ac a , an
5 i d u eb t
n c Ita rem inter se centum patres decem
a .
,
d e u s factis s i gu l i s q e in s i g l s decu rias

c rn n e t is u n u a cr a
qui summae rerum p ra e e s s e t o s o c i n t Decem n ,

c n a
i m p e it b r t : unus cum i s ig ib s im p e r e t l i t o i
a an n n u u c r
6 bus erat ; quinque d ie m spatio fi ie b t imperium ru n a ur
ac per omnes in orhem i h at ; mq intervallum an n u u ue
regni fuit Id ab r e qu o d n unc qu o que tenet omen

.
,
n ,
7 inter r egnum p p e l l t m Fremere d e i d e plebs

a a u . n
m l t ip l ic t m s e
u it t e m centum p ro un o dominos
a a rv u ,
1
a d s i n gu l o s Gr a e v iu s a s i n gu l is a .
2
re
gn a r i r e gn a er Q .
B OO K 1 . x v1 . 8— xv 11 .
7
and the army felt was quieted by the assu rance of

,
his immortality .
X V I I The senators meanwhile were engaged in a

.
struggl e fo the coveted kingship S o f it had not

r . ar
come to a question o f any one person f nobody ,

or
stood ou t with pecial prominence in the new nation

s
instead a tri fe o f faction was waging between the

,
s s
two stocks Tho e o f S abine origin having had no

. s ,
king on thei r side since the death o f Tatius feared ,
that de pite their equal rights they might lose their

s
hold upon the sovereign powe r and hence desired ,
that t h e king should be chosen from their own body .
The original Romans purned the idea f an alien s o
king V ario s however as were men s inclinations

. u , ,
’
to be ruled by a king was their universal wi h f r s ,

o
they had t yet tasted the sweetness Of liberty

no .
Then the senators became ala rmed lest the tate ,

s
wanting a ruler and the army a leader and many ,
neighbou ri g states being disa ffected some viole ce

n ,
n
might be ffered from without A ll the r e fore were

O .
agreed that there should be some head but nobody ,
could make up his mind to yield to his fellow A d . n
so the hundred senators S hared the power among

themselve establishing ten decuries and appointing
s,
one man fo each decury to preside over the d

r a
mini tration Ten men exercised autho r ity ; only

s .
one had its insignia and lictor s Five days was th e .
period o f his power which passed in r o tation to ll ;

,
a
and f a year the monarchy lap ed This interval

or s .
was called as it was an interregnum a name which

, , ,
even yet obtains M urmurs then arose amo g the

. n
plebs that their servitude had been multiplied that

a hu n dred maste r s had been given them instead of
V O L. I.
LI V Y
factos ; nec ult ra n isi r egem e t ab ip s is c e t u m vide r a
8 bantur passuri C m s e s i s e t ea m o e i patres

. u n s n v r ,
Of f e d m n l t o rati quod m is s i e
er n u r t ita g t i m a ur ra n ,
ra a
ineunt u m ma pote tate populo p e rm is u t non

s s sa
9 plus darent iuris quam et i e e t

1
De e e t r n r n . cr v ru n
enim t cum populu regem s s s e t id sic ratum

u i i s 2 u s ,
esset si patres auctores fi e e t Hodie quoque in

,
r n .
l e g i b s m g i s t t ib
u
q e
a o
g d i s rasu p t idemus 3 u r an u r a ur
ius vi d e m p t ; p i s q m popu l us s ff giu m i e t

a a r u ua u ra n a ,
in i e t m c o m it i m e t m patres au ctores
nc r u o ru ven u
10 fi un t .Tum interrex o t i e d o c t “ Quod b o c n on a v a a,
num f s t m f l i q e sit i q it Quirites regem

,
au u e x u n u , ,
create ; ita p t i b s visum est P atres d e i d e si

a r u . n ,
d ig u m qui secundus ab Romulo

n m e et r e it i s nu r u cr ar .
1 1 auctores fi e t A de o id g t m plebi fuit t

n . e ra u u ,
n
vieti b e e fi io id e e t n id modo S is e e t iube

c v r n u r, c c r n
e t e uu t senatus d e c e e r e t qui Romae e gn et rn r ar

r n
q , .
X V I I I Inclita iustitia e l igi q e ea tempestate

. r o u
Numac P ompili erat C rib s S b i is h b it b t . u u a n a a a ,
c on s l t i s s im
u s vir t in illa q i q
u m esse, et te
u u s ua a a
2 p ot e t o m i s divini atque humani iuris

ra ,
n A ct em . u or
d t i e eius quia non e s t t alius falso S m i m

oc r na ,
x a ,
a u
Py th g a m ed o rat quem S ervio Tullio regnante

un ,
Romae centum a m p l i u s post an os in ultima It l i e

,
u ,
a a
1
r e t i n e re n d e t i n e re n t Q
t G r on o v . : .
2
i
s c a u m rt 4 -
F D g z s i ( s i c U) gra t u m n
3
.
1 id e m F ag : id e n m fl
“
i .
LI VY
o r a circa Me t ap o n t u m H e ra c l e a m q u e et C ro t o n a
iu v e n u m studia coetus h b is s e c on
a em u an l t iu m a u
3 stat E quibus locis etsi e i s d e m

. x e t t i s f isset
,
u a a a ,
quae fama in S abinos ? A t quo linguae commercio u
q em u
q m ad u p i d i t t e m discendi e
ua c i i sse t ? Q
a x c v
v e s id io unus per tot gentes dissonas sermo n e

ra
e
p
4 m ib s q e p e
or u e i sse t
u ? S o p t e igitur ingenio tem
rv n u
t m i m m i t
an t i b s fui se o i o
u v r umagis i u s
p e ra u
p n r n
st t u m q e non tam p e
ru c u
g i i s rt ib s quam dis re r n a u
c ip l i t e t ic
na ac tristi e t e m Sa b i o u m quo
r a v ru n r ,
5 genere nullum quondam i o

p t i s fuit A dito nc rru u . n
nomine N u m e patres Romani q amq am i l i i a , u u nc n ar
O pes ad S abinos rege inde s m p to id e b tu tame m u v an r,
neque se q is q m nec f t i is s u e alium nec u ua ac on a
d e i q u e patrum aut c i i m q e m q m p
n fe e illi
v u u ua ra e rr
viro ausi ad unum omnes N m e P ompilio regnum u a
6 d e fe e d m r dece
n u t A c it s si t
rn u n Romulus . c u ,
cu
augurato urbe o d e d regnum d e p t s est de se c n n a a u ,
quoque deos s l i i s s it Inde ab augure cui

con u u .
,
d e i d e honoris ergo publicum id p e p e t

n mq e r uu u
acerdotium fuit d e d t s in rc e m in lapide ad

s ,
uc u a 1
7 m eridiem versus c s e d it A ugur ad l e m eius

on . a va
capite velato sedem cepit dextra manu baculum sine ,
nodo d c m tenen quem l it u m p p e ll

a un u s, t u a a ru n .
i l p id R S1 - n i l pid m (
a e l p id m ) a z n a e or a e .
1
I t wa s ab o u t 53 0 B C . . wh en Py th a
go r
as s e ttl ed in C rt o on .
BO O K 1 . xv 111 . 2 —
7
time when P ythagoras gat h ered about him on the

, ,
71 6
farthest coast o f Italy in the neighbourhood of M e
s ,
t po t m
a n H eraclea and C oton young men eage r
u , ,
r ,
to share h i studies A d from that country even

1
s . n ,
if he had been contemporary how could his fame ,
have reached the S abines ? A gain in what common ,
language could he have induced anyone to seek

instructio n o f him ? O under who e protection r s
could a solita ry ma n have made his way through s o

many nations di ffering in speech and customs ? It
was Numa s native dispositi o n then as I incl ine to
’
, ,
believe that tempered his soul with noble qualities

, ,
and his training was not in foreign studies but i n ,
the tern and austere discipline of th e ancient S

s a
bines a race incorruptibl e as any race o f the lden

,
O
time W hen N uma s nam e had been proposed th e

.
’
Roman senators perceived that the S abines would

gain the ascendancy if a king were to be chosen
from that nation ; yet nobody ventu r ed to urge his
own claims in p r e ference to those Of such a man ,
nor the clai m f any othe r of his faction no r those

o , ,
in S hort f any o f the enators or citiz ens A d so

,
O s . n
they unanimousl y voted to o ffer the sovereignty to

Numa P ompilius Being summoned to Rome he com .
m and e d that j u t as Romulu had obeyed the augural

,
s s
omens in building his city and assum ng regal powe r i ,
so too i n his own case the gods hould be consulted s .
A ccordingly an augu r ( who therea fte r as a ma r k of ,
honour was made a priest of the state in permanent

,
charge o f that function) conducted him to th e

citadel and caused him to sit do wn o n a stone ,
facing the south The augur seated himsel f on .
Numa le ft havi n g his head covere d and holding

’
s , ,
his in right hand the c rooked sta ff without a knot

LI VY
Inde ubi p p in u b em ro s
g m qectu
u e capto deo r a ru s
r e t s regiones ab oriente ad
ca u c m determina o
p cas u
vit dextras ad meridiem partes l

, s ad septen ,
aeva
8 t i o e m esse d ixit ; signum contra quoad

r n
1
o
g i s s im e ,
n
c o s e ctum
pn oculi fe eb t animo fi i v i t ; tum lituo
r an , n
in l e v m manum translato dextra in caput N m e

a a u a
9 i m p s i t ita p e
o tus e t
a
2
I p p it e r pater S i est f s
r ca s ,
u , a
h un c N m m P m p i l i m cuius ego caput t e e o

u a o u , n ,
regem Romae esse uti tu signa nobis certa d l , a c a
1 0 ra sis inter eos fines quos feci Tu p e git verbis ”

s . rn re
au picia quae mitti vellet Q u ibus missis d e l t s

s . c a ra u
r ex N uma de templ o descendit .
XIX Qui r egno ita p t it s u b e m o m condi

. o u r n va ,
tam vi e t armis iure ea n l e gi b s q e ac m o ib u s de ,

r u u r
2 integro co dere parat Quibus cum inte r bella d

u . a
s es e e
u ci d e e t non posse quippe e ff
r v r i militia , e ra r
an im m i t ig
o s, d m fe e m populum an u m m de ro c ar o ru
s e t d i e r atus I
u u n m ad i fi m m A g il e t m i di
,
an u n u r u n
cem paci b e ll iq e fecit p e t u s u t in armis esse

s u ,
a r
c i it t e m
v clau us pacatos circa omnes populos s ig i
a ,
s n
3 fi car et B is d e i d e post N m
. regnum clausus
n u ae
fuit semel T M anlio o s l e po t P

,
.
i m primum c n u s un cu
p e fe t m
r bellum
c u iterum quod ost e ,
e t t i di ,
n ra a a
d ed t ut
e ru n i d e e m u s post bellum A t i c m ab
v r ,
c a u
impe r at o re C aesare A ugusto pace te r ra m iq e ar u
1q d Wi b q dfl q P - M uo
2
uo
u oa e s s en g q orn : uo : z .
2
it p at t W ltre c a p t u s est ita O R D aL er s :
p re c a u s es : re
ca t i t t M P F UB EH
us a es .
66
LI V Y
4 pa rta C l . au so eo cum om n ium circa fi n it im o ru m
societate ac p ex
fo e d e rib u s i u n x is s e t an im o s, o s it i s
te r o m p e ic l
n ru m curis e l r i e t o t i o animi
u o ru n u x u r ar n ,
quos metus h o s t i m d is c ip l i q e milita ris continu

u na u
erat omnium primum rem ad m u l t it d i m impe ri

, ,
u n e
tam e t illis s e c l is r a dem e ffi c c is s i m m d

a u m a a , e o ru
5 metum i ic i e n d u m ratus est Qui cum d e s c e d e e

n . n r
ad i m o s sine l iq comment o m i
an al i n on posset
uo ra c u ,
sim l t sibi cum dea Egeria c

u a
g s s octurnos on re s u n
esse ; eius se m o it u quae c c e p t is s im d s e s s e t

n ,
a a u n
sacra i s tit e e sace rdotes su o s c a ique d e o r m prae

n u r ,
u
fi c e re .
6 tque omnium primum ad cu r sus l nae in duo

A u
d im menses d is c r b t annum ; quem quia t i e o s

ec i i 1
, r c n
die s i g l is m e s ib u s luna non e p l e t d e s t q e

s n u n x ,
un u
u d e c im
n dies solido anno qui s o l t it i l i circum
2
s a
agitur orbe i t e c a r s m e s ib s i t e p o e n d is ita

l ii,
3n r a n u n r n
d is p e i t u t v i c e s i m o anno ad metam e
n sav , dem an
solis unde o r si e s s e t p l e is omnium m n ,

n a n n o ru
7 S
p t a dies co
n s,
g e re t Idem nenfastos dies
ru fasto n . s
que fecit quia l iq a d o n ihil cum popul o agi utile

,
a u n
futurum erat .
1 d e s c r ib i t Q
d is c r ib i t B u ec h e l er : .
2
d e s u n t q u e u n d e c im d 1e s J S R e id ( wh o , h o we v er , p r efe r s
. .
t o a s su m e t h a t L i v y d id n o t co m m i t h i m s elf t o a n y d efi n it e
n u m b er of days S ee J o u r R o m S t u d V p
. . deg . . . .
i
d e s u n t ) q u i (f or q u e u i ) d e s B , wh e n ce C o n wa y p r op os es
i
d e s u n t q u e s e x d e s ( b u t u i =V I m a y b e a corru p ti on of X I )
d es u n tqu e d es 9 i .
1
i n t e rc a l a riis H eer wa gen : n e c l a e s Q i tra r .
BO O K 1 . x 1x .
3
—
7
sea N uma closed the temple a fter first securing the

.
1
good will of all the neighbouring tribes by alliances

and treaties A d feari g lest relie f from anxiety on
. n n
the score o f foreign perils migh t lead men who had

hitherto been held back by fear f their enemies and o
by military discipline into extravagance and idleness ,
he thought the very fir t thi g to do as being the s n ,
mo t e ffi cacious with a populace which was ignorant

s
an d in those early days uncivilized was to imbue

, , ,
them with the fear o f H eaven A s he could not .
in til this into their heart without inventing some

s s
marvellous story he prete ded to have nocturnal ,

n
meetings with the go d de Egeria and that hers ss ,
was the advice which guided him in the establ i h s
ment o f r ites most approved by the gods and in the ,
appointment o f special priests f the service o f each or .
A d first n f all he divided the yea r into twelve

o
months according to the revolutions of the m oon

, .
B t since the moon does not give months o f quite

u
thirty days each and eleven day are wanting to the , s
full c o mplement f a year marked by the sun s ’

o as
revolution he inserted intercalary months in such a

,
way that in th e twentieth year the day should fall s
in with the same po ition of th e s from which s un
they had started and the period f twenty year be , O s
rounded out H e also appointed days when public

.
business might not be carried on and oth ers when ,
it might since it would ometimes be desirable that

,
s
nothing should be brought be fore the people .
T hi w
1
vi d tly writt b f r 2 5 C wh t h
s as e en en e o e B . .
, en e
t m pl w
e g i
e l asd by A g ta a n B t it w t
c ose u us us . u as no
writt b f r 2 7 f it w
en e o t
e ti l t hat y ar th t t h
,
or as no un e a e
titl f A ug t w
e o f rr d
us us
p th mp r r W
as c on e e u on e e e o . e
th rriv t
us a p p r xim t d t
e a f anth b gi
a i g f o a e a e or e e nn n o
Li y v h i t ry
’
s s o .
LIV Y
XX Tum s c e d t ib s c
. a d is im m r d i e it
o u re a n an u a c ,
quamquam ipse plurima sac r a o b ib t ea maxime a ,
2 quae nunc ad Dialem fl m i e m pe rtinent S e d quia a n .
in civitate bellicosa p l e s Romuli quam N m e ur u a
simile reges p t b t fo r e i t o s q e ipsos ad bella

s u a a ur u ,
ne sac r a e g i e vicis d e s e e e t u fl m i e m Iovi

r a r r n r, a n
a d id s m s uu e d ot em e i t i s ig i q e c m veste
ac r cr av n n u u
e t curuli regia sella do it H uic duos fl m i e s a rn a v . a n
3 a d i e c it M arti unum alterum Quirino ; irgi e s q e

, ,
v n u
V e s t e legit A lba o i u d m sacerdotium e t genti

a ,
r n u
c o d it o i s haud
n r l ie m Iis t d s i d e templi
a nu .
,
u a ua
an t i t i t e s e s s e t stipendium de publico s t t it vir

s n ,
a u ,
i i t t e l i i s c e im i i s uee e r b i l e s ac s
a t
r s on v n a an c a
g n a
q a
fecit S ali o s item d o d c i m M arti Gradivo legit

. u e
t i e q e p i t e insigne dedit e t super t

un ca u c a ic m un a
aen eu m p e c t o i tegumen e le sti

r
q e arma quae ca a u ,
ancilia p p e ll t ferre ac per b m ire c e t e s

a an u r, ur e an n
carmina cum t ip d ii s s l l m i q e saltat i s s it r u o e n u a u .
5 P t ifi e m d e i d e N m m M
on c n i m M arci fi l i m ex u a a rc u u
t i b s legit e i q e sacra omnia e i ut c s i x scr a

p a r u
p g x na
taque t t ib it q ib s h o s t iis quibus d i b

a r u ,
u ad u , e u s,
quae templa sacra fi e e t atque d e in eos s m p t s r n nu u u
6 pecunia e o g e t u C etera quoque omnia publica

r ar r .
p i
r va at q ue sacra p o t i fi i s s c i t i s s b i e it ut esset
n c u c ,
1
i gi l
The il or na anc e wa s hi ld f b l d
a s e a e to h v f ll
a e a en
fr m h v
o T l ea en . o essen th h e f itc an c e o s b i g t l
e n s o en ,
l v
e e th r w r m
en o e s e e ad e x tl y l i k i t
e ac e . It w f a as o
p li r h p
ecu m thi
a s a e, so e n
g lik vi l i S
e a o n . ee F wl r F t
o e , es .
p . 42 .
70
LI V Y
quo plebes v e i e t n e q u id divini iu r is
c o n su l tu m n r ,
n e l e e d o patrios r itus e e ri o s u e a d s c i s c e d o
g g n
p g q r n n
7 t rb
u et
ar ; nec ur ele st e s modo e im o i s ca sed ca r n a ,
insta quoque fu e b i p l d o s q e m anes t idem

n r a ac an u u
pontifex e d o e e t q u e q e p o d igi f l m i ib s l io e
c r ,
a u r a u n u a v
quo visu mi sa s s c ip e e t atque u re n t u r A d

s u r n ur c ra .
ea e l ic ie d ex m e t i b s divinis Iovi El i io a ram in

n a n u c
A ventin o d i c v it d e m q e c o s l u it u g u r s quae
a u u n u a n ,
s u s c ip i e n d a e s s e n t .
XXI .haec c o s l t d p c u a n d a qu e m u lti

Ad n u an a ro r
t u d i e omni a vi e t armis conversa e t animi aliquid

n ,
agendo occupati e a n t e t d e u m d s id u i s id e s r ,
or a a n n
cura cum interesse r ebus h m is c e l e s t e numen

,
u an a
v id e e tr ea pietate omnium pectora im b u e t u t

u r, ra ,
fi d e s ac ius i u d m pro legum ac p o e

ra n u r m metu
1
na u
2 c vi it t e m re g e e n t
a Et cum ipsi se h o mines i n r egis
r .
v el tu unici exempli mo r es fo rm a re n t tum fi it im i ,

n
etiam populi qui antea castra non b e m p o s it m

2
, , ur a
in medio ad s o ll ic it d m omnium pacem c r edi an a
d e r t in eam ve r ecundiam
an ,
d d c t i sunt u t civi a u
tatem t o t m i n c u l t u m versam d e
a m violare duce
3 o ru
3 r ent n efas Lucus erat quem medium ex Opaco

.
,
s e c u fons pe r enni rig b t aqua Quo quia se pe r a a

p .
p N
1
d k rop i m i W l
ovt p r x i:m o 0 ro n o a er s : o .
t M
2
an t 0 ea : an e .
1
u i o l a re P F UB : u i o l a ri 0 .
B OO K 1 . xx . 6 —x x 1 .
3
might be someone to whom the commons could

come f advice lest any co fusion should a r ise in
or ,
n
th e religious law through the neglect o f ancestral

rites and the adoption o f strange ones A d not . n
merely ceremonie relating to th e gods above but s ,
also proper funeral b ervances and the p ropitiation O s
o f the S pirits f the dead were to be taught by the

o
ponti fex as well and also what prodigies mani fested

,
b y lightning or other visible S ign were to be taken in

hand and averted W ith the purpose o f eliciting this
.
knowledge from the m inds o f the gods Numa dedi ,
ca t e d an altar on the A ventine to Jupiter Elicius ,
and consulted the god by augury that h e might ,
learn what portent were to be regarded s .
XXI The consideration and disposal o f thes e

.
matte r s dive rted the thoughts f the whol e people o
from violence and arms N t o nly had they some . o
thing to occupy their m inds but thei r constant ,
preoccupation with the gods now that it seemed ,
to them that concern f human a ffairs was felt or
by the heavenly powers had S tinged th e h earts ,

O
o f a l l with piety that the nation was governed by

,
its regard f promises and oaths rather than

or ,
by the dread o f laws and penalties A d while . n
N uma subj ects were S pontaneously imitating the

’
h t f their ki g as their unique exemp l ar

‘
c a ra c er o n , ,
the neighbouring peoples al o who had hitherto con s ,
s i d e e d that it was no city but a camp that had been

r
set up in their m idst as a me ace to the general ,

n
peace came to feel such reverence f r them that

,
o ,
they thought it acrilege to inj ure a natio n S O wholly

s
bent upon the wor hip of t h e gods There was s .
a grove watered by a perennial S pring which flowed

through the midst of it o ut o f a dark cave Thither , .
LI V Y
sa e p e Numa S ine g deae
a rb it r i s v e lu t ad c on re s s u m
i fe b t C m e i c m l
n re a ,
m a c i t quod carum
n s u u cu sa ra v ,
ibi concilia cum coniuge

1
Egeria e s s e t e t Fidei 2 su a n ,
4 s o ll e m e i t it i t
n A d id sacrarium fl m i e s b i i s
ns u a n
.
g
curr a r cuato vehi i s it m
a
q e ad d i i t o s usqu e
g u s ,
an u u
invol uta rem d i i m facere s ig i fi t e fi d e m tu v na ,

n can s
tan d m s e d e m q e eius etiam in d e t e is s

a u t m x r a c ra a
5 esse M ulta alia s c i fi c i l o c q e s is f c i e d is

. a r a a u acr a n ,
quae A ge o s p t i fi c e s v o c t d e d ic it Omnium
r on an , av .
t m
a maximum eius o p e r m fuit tutela pe r omne
en u
regni tempus haud minor pacis quam regni Ita duo .
d e i c e p s reges alius alia via ille bello hic pace

n , , , ,
c i it t e m
v a u e t Romulus septem e t t igi t
a x ru n . r n a
re
g n avi t os Numa tres
an n et
q u d , g i t C m a ra n a . u
valida tum temperata e t belli e t pacis t ib s e rat ar u
civitas .
XXI I Numa c morte ad interregnum res e d iit

. r .
I de T l l m H o s t il i m e p o t e m H o s t il i cuius in
n u u u n
,
i fim
n arce clara pugna adversus S abinos f e t
a u ra ,
2 regem popul us i s s it ; patres auctores facti Hic u .
non solum proximo regi dis imilis sed fe o c io etiam s , r r
quam Romulus fuit C m aetas i e s q e tum avita . u v r u ,
quoque gloria anim a m s t im l b t S e e s c e e igitur u a a . n r
i i t t e m t i ratus d iq e m a t e i m e i t d i belli
‘
c v a o o un u r a x c an
3 q ua e eb t r Forte a e e it u t
. ag r estes Romani ex v n
i b i g- i b i Q
1
F d i S ig i
z s .li F id i Q 2
i e on u s so e .
h r w r i f th
1
T e e h ri hpl i
e e S x h f th o ese s nes or c a e s n e ac o e
f r r gi
ou f th e S rvion s ity A p r O i m d th e e an c . o c e s s on a e e
r d f th A g i
ou n O M r h 17 ; ed M y 15 r h
r e on a c an on a us
p pp
u t l l l
e s, d A g i d p r
a so b b l y c rr p
ca di g t
e r e ,
an o a o es on n o
74
LI V Y
A lbano agro
lbani ex Romano p e d as in ic e m age
,
A ra v
4 rent Im p e it b t tum C
. C lr i l i a
s
1
A lbae
a Ut m . u u . rl
qu e l egati fere sub idem tempus ad res re p e t e d s n a
missi Tullus p e e p e r t uis e q id prius quam

. ra c a s n u
mandata ge e t ; satis s c i e b t e g t m A lbanum ;

a r n a n a u ru
5 ita pie bellum indici posse A b A l b is s o c o d i s . an r u
r es acta ; e c e p t i h OSp i t io ab Tullo bl ande ac b e

x
n ig e c o m it e
u regis o i i m celeb ra n t T t is p e r
,
r c nv v u . an
Romani e t res e p e t i e t priores e t neganti A lbano

r v ra n
6 bellum in t i c e s im m diem i d i e t Haec renun

r u n x ra n .
ti t Tullo
an Tum l e g tis Tullu d i e d i potestatem
. a s c n
,
quid p e t e t e s e e i t facit Illi omnium ig n ari

n v n r n ,
.
‘
primum purgando t e t tempus : se i it o s q ic ru n nv u
quam quod minus plac at Tullo d ic t o s sed im c ur ,
perio s b igi ; res re p e t it u m se venisse ; n i e d d n t r

u r a u
7 bellum i d i e e i s s o s A d haec Tullus N t i t e

n c r u . un a ,
i q it
n u
“ regi e s t ro regem Romanum deos face r e
v
,
testes ute r prius populus res repetentes legatos

a s e
p t s d i
rn a u m i s e rit ut in e m omnes e
pet t ,
u x an
h u i s e clades belli
u c .
XXI I I Haec .ti t d m m A lbani nun Et bellum an o u .
u t im q e summa ope p
r u b a t r civili S imillimum a ra u ,
bello p rope inter pa r entes

,
t o s qu e T oi m na
, r ana
1
C l u il iu s Gla r ea n u s ( cf . i . 23 . c l u l iu s ( or c i u i l iu s or
cn u l iu s o r c iu ib u s ) o .
B OO K 1 . x x n .
3
— xx 1 1 1 . I
driving ff cattle from A lban territory whil e th e

o ,
A lbans were treating the Romans in the same way .
The man wh o was then in power in A lba was G aius

C l il i s
u u Each S ide at about the same time sent
.
, ,
envoys to demand restitution Tullus had com .
m an d e d his envoys to do nothing el e till they had s
carried out h i orders ; he felt convinced that the

s
A lbans would re f se his demand in which case he

u s,
could declare war with a good conscience The .
A lban representatives proceeded rather laxly Re .
c ei ed
v by Tullus with gracious and kindly hos
p i t
a l it y they attended
,
in a friendly S pirit the banquet
which h e gave in their honour M eanwhile the .
Roma s had been be forehand with them in seeki g

n n
redre s and being denied it by the A l ban leader had

s , , ,
made a declaration f war to take e ffect in thirty o ,
days Returning they reported these thi gs to

.
,
n
Tullus who th ereupon invited the A lban envoy to

, s
in form him of the obj ect o f their mis ion They s .

,
knowi g nothing f what had happened at first pent

n o , s
some time in apologi es Th ey said they S hould be .
sorry to utter anything which might gi e o ffence to v
Tullu but that they were compelled to do so by

s,
their orders ; they had come to s eek restitution ; if it

should be de ied them they were commanded to n
declare war To this Tullus replied .

“ Tell you r
king the Roman king calls the god to witness which s
people fir t S purned the other demand for r edress

s
’
and dismis ed its envoys that they may call down

s ,
upon the guilty nation all th e disasters of this war .
XXI I I W ith this answer the A lbans r eturned t o

.
their c i ty and both ides prepared fo wa r with the

,
S r
greate t e ergy— civil war to all in t ents and pur

s n a ,
poses al most as if fathe r s we r e a r rayed against sons

,
LI V Y
u t ra m q u e p ro l e m , ab T r oia ab Lavi cum La v i n i u m ,
n i o A lba ab Al b o m stirpe regum oriundi Romani

,
an ru
2 e sse t n Eventus tame m belli minus m i s e b il e m

. ra
d im i c t io e m fecit quod nec acie e t t u m est t

a n ,
c r a e
t e c t i s modo d i t i s alterius urbis duo populi in unum

ru
3 con fusi sun t A lbani priores ingenti exercit

. in a
a
g m ruRomanum i m p e t m fe e e C astra ab urbe u c r .
haud plus quinque milia p s s m l o t ; fossa cir a uu can
cu md t ; ossa G
fan l il i 1 ab nomine ducis per aliquot u a
saecula appellata est donec cum re nomen quoque ,
4 v e t st t e
u a l
b e t i 2
I n ahis st i s
o C l i l
v i s
3 Al
b
. s ca r u u an u
rex moritur ; d i t t e m A lbani M e t t i m F fe t i m c a or u u u
creant Interim Tullus ferox p e c ip u e morte regi

.
,
ra s,
m g a m q e deo
n u m numen ab ipso capite o
u ru m in rs u
om e nomen A lbanum p e t it m poe mas ob bel

n ex u ru
lum im p i m d i t it u nocte p t e it i s h s t i m cas

c a n s, ra e r o u
tris in festo exercit in g m A lbanum p e git Ea a a ru r .
5 res ab s t t i i s e a i it M e t t i m
v D it quam prox
x c v u . uc
ume ad b o tem potest Inde l e g t m p e m is s m

s . a u ra u
nun t i e Tullo i h et p i s q
ar m d im i c e t opus es e
n r u ua n s
con l o q i ; S i sec m c
u o
g e s s S i t satis scire ea se
u on r s u ,
a ll t a m quae nihilo minus ad rem R m

u ru m quam o an a
0 ad A l b m pe ti e
an a t Haud s p e t s Tullus
r n an . a rn a u
S i va a in ie m e d it Exeunt 4
t mea n, d fe t n a ra n u r, ac uc .
contra e t A lbani P o s t q m s t ru c t i u t im q e sta . ua r u
1
Gi u l ii
Gl a r ea n u s ( cf
a . i
2 2 4) c l i u l i , c iu i lia , e t c a
. . . .
u e t u s t a t e l l!
2
c u m u e tu s tat e a .
3
C l u i l i u s Gl a r ea n u s : c l u i n ili u s ( o r c i u i l i u s ) Q .
4
f a m e n S i u a n a a d fe ra n t u r I H Vo s s tam etsi u a a . . n ad
fe re b a n t u r 0 .
78
LI V Y
bant cum paucis procerum i n medium duces pro
,
de t
un Ibi i fi t A l b u s
. n an
I i i s e t n on
n ur a e d d i t s res ex f e d e e quae
r a o r
repetitae sint e t ego r egem no trum C l il i m s u u
causam h i c e esse belli u us d is s e id e o e te au v r n c
d ubito Tulle eadem prae te ferre ; sed S i vera

, ,
poti s quam dictu S peciosa d i e d sunt cupido

n c n a ,
imperii duos g t s i i o q e populos ad arma co na o v c n s u
8 s t im l t
u a Neque recte an p e p e m i t e p e t o ;
. r ra n r r r
fuerit ista eius d e l ib e t io qui bellum s s c e p it ; ra u
me A lbani ge e d bello d e m c e v e e l ll d r n o uc r a r . u
te Tulle monitum velim Etrusca res quanta circa

, ,
.
nos teque maxime S it quo p p io r e s hoc magis 1

,
ro ,
s cis M ultum illi terra p l im m m ari pollent

.
,
ur u .
9 Me m esto iam cum ignum p g e dabis has dua

or ,
s u na , s
acies p t l fore t f s s o s
S ec ac u o fe c t s q e simul
,
u e con o u ,
v i t e m ac
c or i tu m d g re d i t r
v c It q e S i n o di
,
a an u . a u , s
amant quoniam non contenti libertate certa in d

, u
biam imper s e it iiq e l m imus i e m s l iq m

ii rv u a ea ,
n a u a ua
viam qua utri u t i imperent S ine magna clade ine r s , , S
multo sanguine utriusqu e populi d e c e i p s s it rn o .
Haud d is p l i e t re s Tullo quamquam cum indole

c ,
animi tum p e i t i e fe o i erat Q e e t ib s

S v c or a r c or . ua r n u
u t im q e ratio i i t
r u cui e t Fortuna ipsa p e b u it
n ur ra
m a t e ria m .
1
es Vo s s : es V o l s c is 0 : es T u s c i s S t ro t h i u s .
BOO K 1 . xx 1 1 1 . 6- I O
attended by a few of their nobles advanced to ,
the middl e o f the field Then the A lban began .
as follows
“P illage and failure to make th e amends demanded
in accordance with our treaty I think I have myself
heard named by our king C l il i s the occasion of ,
u u ,
as
this war and I doubt not Tullus but you make the
, , ,
s ame contention But i f truth i to be spoken rathe r

. s ,
than sophistries it is greed fo dominion that is

,
r
goadi n g two kindred and neighbouri g peoples into n
wa r W hether rightly or wro gl 1 do not attempt

. n y
to d eterm ine that is a question that may well have

been conside r ed by him who ndertook the wa r ; u
I am only the general appointed by the A lban to s
prosecute that w B t this i the point Tullus

ar . u s , ,
which I wish to uggest to you : O f the magnitude of

s
th e Etruscan power which encompasses s and you u ,
especially you are better aware than we in proportio n

, ,
as you are n earer to that people Great is thei r .
st r engt h on land exceedingly great on the sea You

, .
must consider that th e instant you give the S ignal fo r
battle th e Tu cans will be watching our two armies so

,
s ,
t h t wh
a ,
we have become tired and exhauste d they
en ,
may attack at once th e victor and the vanquished In .
Heaven s name there fore S ince we are not content

’
, ,
with unquestioned liberty but are procee d ing to the ,
doubt ful hazard of dominion or enslaveme n t let us ,
adopt some plan by which we may decide the que tio n s
which nation shall r ule the other without a g r eat ,
disaste r and much carnage on both s i des .
Tull u made no obj ection though inclined t o wa r

s ,
by nature no less than by his anticipation of victory .
W hile both pa r ties were considering wha t to do a ,
plan was hit upon fo r the executio n of which

Fortu n e he r self supplied the means .
1 8
LI VY
XXI V Forte in d o b s tum e e c it ib s e t
. u u x r u ra n
trigemini fratres nec e t t e nec i ib s dispares a a v r u .
Horatios C i t i s q e fuisse satis constat nec ferme

ur a o u ,
re antiqua alia e t b il i o ; tame m in r e tam clara

s s no r
n om i m error manet
nu t i s populi H oratii t iu s ,
u r u ,
u r
C uriatii f e i t A uctores u t q e t
r n h . t ; p l es u ro u ra un ur
t mea i e i o qui Romanos H oratios

n nv n e t ; hos t v oc n u
2 eq
s i l i t animus
u ar nc C m t ig e m i i s g
na t reges . u r n a un ,
u t pro quisque pa tria d im ic e t ferro : ibi impe

sua n
i m fore unde
r u ictoria fuerit Nihil re s t ; V . cu a ur
3 tempus e t locus e it P i s q m d im i e t
c on v n . r u ua car n ,
fo e d i t m inter Romanos e t A lbanos est his legi

’
us c u
bus t i q e populi cives e o certamine i i s s t

,
u cu us u v c en ,
i alteri populo cum bona pace i m p e it e t

s Fo e d e r ar . ra
alia l ii l g ib ceterum e o d e m modo omnia fi t

a s e u s, un .
4 Tum ita factu m e im

p s nec ulli s e t st i f
acco u ,
n v u or e
deris memoria est F e t i l i regem T ll m ita roga . a s u u
v it “ I b s e me r ex cum patre p t t o populi

: u e n a ra
,
A lbani f d ferire ? oe I b e t e rege

us
“ S gm i u n a n a,
5 i q it
n ute rex posco
,
Rex ait : P uram t l l it o
, , . o .
F t i l i ex arce g m i i h e b m puram t t l it
e a s ra n s r a a u .
P ostea regem ita o g it “ Rex f is e me tu e r av : ac n r

,
gium t i m populi Romani Q i i t i m vasa comi

n un u u r u ,
f e tia les ( r e l a te d wr
1
The t o f a c io, do e e a c o ll e
ge of
pri t whes s ose du ti w r esr r t e e to e p es en th e s tt a e in d e c l a n g ri

w m ki
a r, a n
g p eac e , t ri g i t tr ti
en e n n o ea es , etc . T h e p a ter
LI V Y
t e s qu e meos ? Re x re s
p on d it : Quod sine fraude
6 mea p O p l iq e Romani Q i i t i m
u u u r u fiat facio Fetialis
,
.
erat M V alerius ; is p a t e m p t t m Sp F s i m
.
1
r a ra u . u u
fecit verbena caput p il l o s q e tangens P ater p ca u . a
t t s ad ius i
ra u d m p t d m id est s
u ra n ie d m u a ra n u ,
an c n u
fit fo e d u s ; m l t is q u e id verbi quae long o e ff t

u s, a a
7 carmine non O perae est e fe e p e git L e gib s r rr ,

ra . u
d ei de n e it t i
“ A udi r i q u it
c
“
a I p p i t e r audi
s n u
, , , ,
pater p t t e populi A l b ani audi tu populus A lba

a ra , ,
n us .Ut illa palam prima postrema ex illis tabulis

cerave recitata sunt ine dolo malo utique ea hic s
hodie e c t is im e i t e l l e t sunt illis l e gib s populu

r s n c a , u s
8 Romanu prior non d fi i e t S i prior d e fe it publico

s e c . x
consilio dolo malo tum tu ille Di e s p it e r populum

2
,
Romanum sic ferito t ego hune p r m hic hodie u o cu
feriam ; t t q e magis ferito quanto magis potes

an o u
p ll
o es
q e Id ubi
u dixit p c m saxo silice per ,
or u
cu s s it S .item carmina A lbani s m q e ius iu r

ua uu u an
dum per suum d i c t t o e m s s q e sace rdotes pe r e a r uo u
e ru n t
g .
X XV i oto trigemini s ic t c o e n e t
. F o e d e re ,
u nv ra ,
a rma c i t C u m sui u t o s d h o t r e t r deo

p a un
q e . r u a r a n u ,
s
pat io p t i m ac parentes quicquid c i v i m domi

r s, a r a ,
u ,
quicquid in e e c it u sit ill o r m tunc arma ill m

x r ,
u ,
o ru
i t e i manus feroces e t s u o p t e ingeni o e t p l e i

n u r ,
n
i p t m VM p tr m n
1
s a re e e .
2
t m t u(C i ) i ll Di p i t
u T b
r e v er d D k e es er u rn e u s an u er
t m il l d i
u i p p it
e Q es u er .
B OO K I xx v . 1 .
5
— xxv . I
speak for the Roman P eopl e o f the Quirites ? The

king made an wer S o f as may be without pre s ,
ar
judice to myself and the Roman P eople of the Quirites ,
I grant it The fetial was M arcus V aleriu he made

.
”
s
S purius F s i s p t p t
u t touching
u his head anda er a ra u s ,
hair with the sacred prig The p t p t t is p s . a er a ra u s a
pointed to pronounce the oath that is to solemnize , ,
the pact and this he accompli hes with many wo rds s ,
expressed in a long metrical formula which it is not

worth while to quote The conditions being then
(
.
r ecited he cries H ear Jupite r hea r p t p t t

, , , ,
a er a ra u s
of the A lban P eopl e hea r ye P eople o f A lba From ,
these term s as they have been publicly rehearsed

,
from beginning to end without fraud from these , ,
tablets or this wax and as they have been this day

, ,
clearly understood the Roman P eople will not be th e ,
fir t to depa rt If it S hall first depart fr om them by

s .
,
gene r al consent with malice afo r ethought then on , ,
that day do thou great Di e p i t e so smite the ,

s r,
Roman P eople I S hall here to day smite this pig as -
and so much the harder smite them as thy powe r

and thy strength are gr eater W hen S purius had .
said these words he struck the pig with a flint I n ,

.
like manner the A lban pronounced thei r own fo rms s
and their own oath by the mouth of thei r own ,
dictato r and priests .
X X V W hen the t r eaty had been established the

.
,
brothers armed themselves in acc o rdance with th e ,
agreement O either side the soldie r s urged on

. n
their champions They reminded them that their .
fathers gods their native land their parents and all

’
, , ,
their countrymen whether at home o r with the ar my , ,
had their eye only on their swo rds and their r ight
ha n ds Eage r fo r the c o mbat as well o wi n g to thei r
.
,
LI V Y
a d h o rt a n tiu m in medium inte r duas acies
v o c ib u s
2 p o ed
r c t un Co se d e r t
. t i m q e pro c s t i s duo
n an u r u a r
e e x it s p e i c l i magis p e s e t i q am cura c ex
rc u r u ra n s u
pertes ; quippe imperium g e b t in tam p a u c o r m a a ur u
virtute atque fortuna posit m It q e ergo e e t i u . a u r c
s s e si e in minime t m s t l m i m os ra u ec ac u u
u
p qn u
g p an
3 i te d
n n t 1
un D t u signum i fe s t i s q e a rm is e l t
. a r n u v u
acies terni iu e e s m g o m e e c i t m v n im o s a n ru x r uu an
ge r entes r t
c on cu Nec his nec illis periculum
ru n .
suum publicum imperium s e it iu m qu e o b e s t

,
rv v r a ur
animo f t q e ea d e i d e patriae fo rtuna quam i psi

u u ra u n
4 fe c i s s e t n Ut . primo statim o c s o e
p e e
2 c n ur u c n cr u r
arma m i t e q e f l s e e gladii horror i ge s pec

can s u u r ,
n n s
tantis p e s t ri git ; e t neutro inclinata spe t o p e b t

r n r a
5 vox S p i i t s q e r u C o s e t is d e i d e m n ib u s cum iam

u . n r n a
non mot s tantum corporum git t i q e anceps telo

u a a o u
rum m m q e sed vulnera quoque e t sanguis

ar o ru u
S e t
p c l
acu o e ss e t duo R omani su p er
n alium,
alius , ,
6 l
v u n e ra t is tribus A l b is e p i t e s co e u t Aand x s ra n rru r n .
quorum s m cum c o c l m s s e t gaudio A l b s

ca u n a a an u
e e x i t s Romanas legiones iam spes tota

rc u , o d m ,
n n u
tame cura d e s e r e t e im e s vice unius quem

h u ra , x an
7 tres C uriatii i c m st e t e t Forte is integer fuit

c r u ra n .
,
ut i v e s i s solu
un r e
q q m par Si adversus
s n sin ua ua ,
c
gulos ferox Ergo u t s e g g e t pugnam e o u m

.
,
re ar r ,
amim i t d t II J M ll a i m i
1
os n en an d t 0 . . ue er n o nc e n un ur .
1
c o n c re u e re
p H J M u ell er
. . : i n c r e p u e re 0 .
LI VY
ca
p e s s it ita ratus
fu g a m , s e c t ro s u t
q u e m u e vul
q u u
8 nere d fe t m corpus s i e re t
a c u Iam a l iq t m S p t ii n . u an u a
ex e loco ubi p g t m est u fu ge t cum re pi

o u na u a ra , s
c i e s videt m g i s i t e
n l l i s sequentes ; u n um h n d
a n n rv a a
9 p ro e n l ab sese abesse In e u m magno impetu re d iit .

,
e t dum A l b s e e c it s ianu l m t C uriatiis uti p e m

x r u nc a a o
fe ra n t f t i iam Ho r atius
ra r ,
es hoste victo r seen u ca o
dam pugnam p e t e b t Tunc clamo r e q l is ex i a .

, ua n
S perato f e ti m av sol et Romani d i v t militem

n u ,
a u an
1 0 s uum ; e t ill e defungi p ro e l io fe s t i t P r i s i t qu e na . u a
quam alter n e e p o c u l b e t c o s e q i posset e t

— 1
r a ra fi
n u ,
1 1 alterum C i t iu m o fi it ; i m
ur a
q e acquato
c M arte
n c a u
si g li s p e e r
n u u t sed n e c spe nec
r an ,
i i b u s pa r es v r .
A lterum i t c t u m fe rr o corpus e t geminata V icto r ia

n a
fe o c e m in certamen tertium dabat : alte r fe s s m

r u
vulnere f s s m cursu trabens corpus i t s q e f

e u ,
v c u u ra
1 2 trum ante se strage i t i Ob i i t hosti N c ill d

v c or c ur . c u
o e l i m fuit
u Roma n us e s lt s
“ D uos i n i t x u an
pr .
q , u ,
fratrum M i b u s dedi : an tertiu m causae belli 2
h i s e
u u t Romanus A lban o i m p e re t dabo
c ,
u M ale , .
s st i e t i
u n arma gl d i m supe rne iugulo d e figit ;
n a u
1 3 i c e t e m s p ol i t
a n Romani ovantes ac g t l t e s
a . ra u an
H o ra ti m u ip i t e o maio r e cum gaudio quo

ac c un
prop e m etum res f e t A d s e p l t u m i n de suo u ra . u ra
1
nec M : q i u nec n .
2
c au sae ill s-z ca u s a m 0 .
B OO K 1 . xxv .
7
-1
3
fled thinki g that each f them would pursue him

,
n o
with what speed his wounds permitted H e had l . a
r eady run some little di tance from the spot where s
they had fought wh e l o o k i g back h e saw that they

,
n ,
n ,
were following at wide intervals and that one f them o
had nearly o ertaken him Facing about he ra n

v .
,
swiftly up to his man and while the A lban host were ,
calling out to the C uriatii to help their brother ,
Hora tius had already lain him and was ha tening S , s ,
flu hed with victory to meet his second antagonist

s , .
Then with a cheer such as is o ften drawn from ,
parti ans by a sudden turn in a contest the Romans

s ,
encouraged their champion and he pre ed on to end ,

ss
the battle A d so be fore the third C i t i s could

. n ,
ur a u
come p — and he was not f ff— Horatiu dispatched

u ar o s
the second They were now o n even term one

. s,
s oldie r surviving on each side but in hope and vigour ,
they w ere fa r from equal The one nscathed and .

,
u
elated by his double victory was eager fo a third ,

r
encounter Th e other d ragged himsel f along faint

.
,
from his wound and exhausted with run ing ; h e n
thought how h i brother had been slaughtered be fo e

s s r
him and was a beaten man when h e faced his t i m

, r u
phant foe W hat followed was o combat T h e

. n .
Roman cried exultantly T wo ictims I have given ,

v
to the shade f my brothers : the third I will o ffe r

s o
up to the cause f this war that Roman may rul e o ,
A lban H is adversary could barely hold up his

.
S hield W ith a downward thru t Horatius buried

. s
his sword in the A lban s throat and despoiled him ’
where he lay The Romans welcomed their hero

.
with jubilations and thanksgivings and their joy was ,
all the g r eate r that they had come near despairing .
The bu r ial of their dead then claimed the attention

LI V Y
r um e q q m paribus animis e t t
n ua ua quippe v r un u r,
imperio al teri aneti alteri d i i i l ie , facti c on s a n ae .
14 S p l e t
u c rat quo qui que l o co
e x s an e id it
, duo R s c c , o
mana uno loco p p i A l b m tria A lbana R m m ro us a , o a
ve rsus sed distantia locis t t p g t m est

, ,
u e u na u .
XX V I P i q m inde d ig d . r us tua roganti re e re n u r,
M tt i e ex f d e e i to quid im p
o, oe et r im p to , e ra r , e ra
Tullus uti i e t t m in armis h b t : uv n u e m se a ea u s u ru
corum o pe r a si bellum cum V i t ib s foret Ita

,
e en u .
2 e x e rcit inde domos b d t i P rinceps Ho r atius

us a uc .
ihat trigemina spolia prae se g ; cui soro r irgo e re n s V

,
quae d p uni ex C uriatiis f e t obvia ante

es o n sa u ra ,
po r tam C p e m fuit ; g it q e supe r m e s f

a na co n o u u ro ra
tris paludamento p i qu o d ipsa o f e t s l it s on s ,

c n ec ra ,
o v
crines t fl b il it nomine p
e e m mo r tuum appel
er s o n su
3 lat M e t fe r oci i
. ov i im m p l t i uven i an u c on o ra o s o ro r s
in ictoria sua t t q
V ga dio publico S tricto
an o ue u .
it qa gladi o simul verbis i

ue
p s t s fi g it n c re an ra n
4 p ll m
ue Ab i h i
a cum immaturo amore ad nc
m
on su i i t “ oblita fratrum
n m t m vi o r u oru
s
p q u ,
5 vique oblita patriae , Si eat q mq Romana

. c u ae cu ue
l g b i t b ostem
u e .
At isum id f i s p t ib
ro x v p l b i q e sed
ac n u a r us e u ,
re ce meritum facto b t b t Tame n raptus in ius

nS o s a a .
ad regem Rex ipse tam t r istis i g t iq ad

.
,
n e n ra ue
vo lg i d i ii us secundum indicium s p p l i ii aucto

u c ac
1 u c r
1
ad
3
ac R h en a n u s F 9 .
LI V Y
esset concilio populi d o c a t o Du u m i ro s i q u it
,
a v v ,
”
n ,
qui Ho ratio p e d u e l l io e m i n d icent secundum r n ,
6 legem facio Lex h o re d i c rm i is erat : d u m

”
. r n a n u
vi r i p e d e l l io e m i dicent ; S i a d u m i is p ro vo
r u n n u v r
carit p o o c t io e e rt t o ; S i incent caput o b n u

,
r v a n c a V ,
bito ; in felici arbori r este s s p e d it o ; ve r berato e l u n v
7 intra pomerium vel extra p o merium Hac lege .
d uumviri creati Qui se b s o l e e n on re b a t u r ea . a v r n
lege e i n i u m quidem posse cum c o d e m

n n ox sse t , n na n ,
tum alter ex 5 1 “ P Ho rati tibi p e d e ll i 11em . r u on

,
8 i d ic o
u i n qu it ; “ i 1ic t o r colliga manu
2
A cces s .
’7
, , ,
ser t lict o r i ic ie b t q u e l q e m Tum Horatius

a n a a u u .
a u t o re Tullo clemente legis interp rete

c ,
P rovoco , ,
c e t t u m ad populum
3
i q u it
n It a q u e.
p o oc ti e r v a on r a
9 est M oti homines su n t in e o iudicio maxime P

. .
H o ratio patre proclamante se fil i m iu r e c e s m a a a
iudicare i ita esset pat rio iu r e i n u m an imad

: n fil i 4
,
v e s r m fuisse
r u u O b t d e i d e n e se quem paulo . ra a n , ,
ante cum egregia sti rpe n s p e i s s e n t o b u m l ib e is co x , r r
10 f e e t
ac r Inte r haec senex i e e m am plexus spolia
n . uv n
,
C i t io r m fi
ur a e o loco qui nunc pila Horatia appel
u x a
“
latu r o s t e t n s H c in e n ie b t a
“ quem modo un a a
, ,
1
ns l il a d c ig : h is Q .
2
in q u i t , l c o i itr
M o d iu s : n u i q i i li t r M c o i n q u it l c o
: i t rQ .
3
i t a q u e T a n F a b er : i t a d e a . . fi liu m 5 fi lia m o .
1
t k i g it p h i m l f t p i h h i i t r H ti
By a n u on se o un s s s s e , o ra us
h d
a rp d fu ti
u su f th tt e d w g ilty f
a nc on o e s a e, an so as u o
trea son .
I h v
2
d p t d t h vi w f Old f th r
a e a o xxx i x e e e o a e .
pp 49 if ) t h t n ith r h
.
gi g
. ru i fi x i i m t b t
a e e an n n or c c on s e an , u
92
B OOK 1 . xxv i .
5
—1 0
sentence called togethe r the council of the p e o pl e

,
s
“
and aid : In accordance with the law I app o int 6 72 6 40
duumvirs to pass j dgement upon Ho ratius fo u r
treason 1 The d r ead formula f the law ran thus

. o
Let the duumvirs pronounce him guilty o f t r eason

if he shall appeal from the duumvirs l et the appeal ,
h e tried if th e d uumvi r s win let the lictor veil his ,
head let him bind him with a rope to a barren t r ee

let him scourge him eithe r within o r without t h e
pome r ium By the terms o f this law d uumvirs
.
”
2
w ere appointed They considered that they might

.
not acquit under that act even one who was innocent
, , ,
and having given a verdict of guilty o ne of them ,
pronou n ced the wo rds P ublius Horatius I adju d ge , ,
you a traitor ; go lictor bind h i han d s The licto r

, ,
s .
”
had approached and was about to fit the no o se Then .
Horatius at th e promptin g o f Tullus wh o put

, ,
a
“
merci ful construction upon the law cried I appeal , ,
A d so the appeal was tried before the people

n W hat .
infl enced men m o st of all in that trial was the as

u
sertion f P ublius Ho ratius the father that his

o , ,
daughter had been j ustly slain othe r wise he should

have used a fat h er s authority and have punished his ’
son himsel f H e then implored them not to make

,
.
him childles whom they had beheld a little while

s
befo r e surrounded by a goodly o ff pri g S o saying s n .

,
the old man embraced th e youth and pointi g ,

n
to the spoils o f the C uriatii set up in the place

“
which is now called the Horatian S pears 3 h e ,
“
exclaimed This ma n y o u saw but lately advanci g n
,
th t th
a l p rit w
e f t
cu d t th tr d urg d t
as as e n e o e ee an sco e o
d th
ea .
3
Th m e f th pl
na wh i h m m m r t d t h p i l
e o e ac e c co e o a e e s o s
re fl t thec tr d iti
s r j t d b v b y Livy t h t t h
e a on ,
e ec e a o e , a e
H r tii w r A l b
o a th
e C ri tii R m
e an s , e u a o an s .
VOL . I.
LI V Y
d e c o ra t u m ovan t e m qu e V ictoria in c e d e n t e m v id i s t is ,
Quirites c m s b furca i t m inter verbera e t
,
u u v nc u
cruciatus id e e p o t e s t is ? Quod vix A l b

v r
‘
m oculi a n o ru
tam deforme s p e t l m ferre p o s s e t I licto r c ac u u n .

, ,
colliga manus quae paulo ante m t e m p e i m ,

ar a a 1 r u
populo Romano p e p e e t I caput b b e libera r ru n .

,
o nu
toris urbis h i s ; a rbore in felici suspende ; ve rbe r a

u u
vel intra pomerium modo inter illa pila e t S polia ,
h o s t i m vel extra pomerium modo inter s e p l r

u , ,
u c a
C i t io m
ur a Quo enim d e e h
ru . i e em
p o uc r unc uv n
te ti ubi non sua decora c m a tanta f e d it t e

s s, u o a
su
pp l i ii i d i ce t ?
c v n N o tulit populus nnec patris n
lacr im s nec ip s i s parem in omni periculo

a u im m an u ,
ab so l e r vtq e d m i t i e magis virtutis quam iure

un u a ra on
causae It q e u t . d e s mani festa l iq o t m e

a u ,
cae a u a n
i ac u l l e etu m e a t m patri t fi l
r, i m 1 i et r u
p o
pu r e
p u u x ar
pecunia publica IS q ib s d m p i c l ib s sacri . u u a a u ar u
fi ii s factis quae d e i d e genti H

c ,
t i e tradita sunt n o ra a
,
t a s m i s s per v am t igi l l capite

r n o d pe t 1 e l t sub o a O r o v u
ingum misit i e e m Id hodie quoque publice uv n .
semper e fe t u m mane t : s o o iu m t igill m c t

r c r r u vo an .
H o ti e s ep l
ra a m quo loco o e r t i t con
u c ru ,
c rru a c a,
s t u t m est saxo qua d rato

r c u .
XX V I I Nec diu pax A lbana m s i t Invidia

. an .
volgi quod tribus m il it i b s fortuna publica commissa

,
u
fuerit 1 v m ingenium d ic t t
,
an u is c o p i t e t quo a or rru , ,
niam recta consilia haud bene e e e n t p v is v n ra , ra
f rit fl f 1
t HR uef r t M d ig : u e ra
2
o e a v .
‘
LI VY
2 reconciliare p Op l iu m a mimos c o e p it Igitu r u t u ar .
,
priu in bello pacem S i in pace bellum q e e s

s ,
c ua r n ,
quia s u e i it t i i m m pl s quam i i m cerne

a c v a an o ru u v r u
bat esse ad bell um palam atque ex edicto g e d m

,
ru n u
alios c o it t populos suis pe r s p e ie m societatis

nc a ,
c
3 p o d it io e m reservat
r n F id e t e s colonia Romana . na
V e i e t i b s sociis c o s il
n u d s u m p t is pacto t s it i is
n n a ra n on
4 A lb o u m ad bellum atqu e arma i c it

an r t r C m n an u . u
F id e e aperte d e s c i s s e t Tullus M e t t io e e rc i t u u e
na n x
q ,
eius ab A lba i t o cont r a hostes d u c itac c Ubi A i . n
enem t r s iit ad c o fl e t is c o l o c t castra Inter

1
an ,
n u n n a .
c m locum e t F i d e
u s V e i e n t i m e e rc i t s T i b e im
na u x u r
5 tr s i e
an t Hi i n acie prope flume n t e e e dex
ra
2
. nu r
trum cornu : in S inistro F id e t e s p rOp i S montes na u
o sist
c n t Tullus adversus V e ie t e m h o s t e m de r i
un . n
git su o s A l banos contra l e gio e m F i d e a t i m con

2
,
n n u
lo t ca A lbano non plus animi erat quam fi d e i

. Ne . c
manere ergo nec transire aperte s u s s e s i m ad au n
6 montes s u c e d it ; inde ubi satis s bisse sese ratus

c ,
u
est e igit t o t a m c ie m fl c t a s qu e animo u t t e e e t

,
r a ,
u u n r r
tempus o rdines e X p l ic t C onsilium e rat qua for a .

,
7 tuna rem daret ea inclinare vires M iraculo primo .
esse Romanis qui p o im i s t e t e t u t nudari latera r x ra n ,
sua s o c io ru m d ig e s s e s e t ; inde eques citato r su n ru n
t i it1
D s t i
ra n s t Ug - tr it Q
2 ‘
t ra n s e r a z ans .
hi i W i b
2
h i ( h ii h i ) t i Q
n e s s en or n : or or c e n .
2
d e r igi t P L : d i ri g i t Q .
B OO K 1 . x x vu . 1 —
7
he resorted t o evil ones to regain the favour o f his

countrymen A ccordingly j ust as in wa r he had
.
,
sought peace S O w in time o f peace he desi r ed

,
no
war But seei g that his own state was richer in

. n
courage than i n strength he stirred up other t r ibes ,
to make war openly after due declaratio n ; whil e fo r

his own people b e reserved the part o f the traito r
unde r the disguise o f friendship The me n f Fi . o
denae a Roma n colony and the Ve ie t e s whom

, ,
’
n ,
they admitted to a s h are in thei r designs we r e i , n
d c e d to comme n ce hostilities by a promise that the

u
A lbans would go ove r to their S ide Fi d e e having . na
openly revolted Tullus summoned M e t t i s and his

, u
army from A lba and led his forces against the enemy
, ;
C rossing the A n io he pitched his camp at the con

,
fl e c e o f the rivers The Ve i e t i e rmy had c rossed

u n . n n a
the Tibe r betwee n that place and F id e e These na .
t roops d rawn up next the river for m ed th e right

, ,
wing on the left the Fid e t e s were posted neare r na ,
the mountains Tullus marshalled his own me n against

.
the V e ie t i e enemy ; the A lbans he posted opposite

n n
the army of Fi d e e The A lban commande r was as

na .
wanting in c o u rage as i n loyalty Not da r ing the r e .

,
fore eithe r t o h o ld his ground or openly to dese r t

, ,
he drew o ff by impe r ceptible degrees in t h e di r c o

tion o f the m o untains Then when he thought he .
,
had got nea r en ough to them he b r ought up his ,
whol e battle -line to an elevated position and still ,
irresolute depl oyed his ranks with th e O bj ect of

,
consuming time His purpose was to swing his forces

.
t o the S ide which fo rt une favou r ed A t fi r st the .
Roma n s p o sted next to the A lbans were amazed

wh en th ey perceived that thei r flank was b e m g n u
c o vered by t h e withd r awal o f t h e ir alli e s ; then a , ,

LI VY
equo regi abi r e A lbanos Tullus in r e t r e
n u n t ia t .
pida d o d e im
u o i t S alios f
c
qv e P allori
v ac P avori an a u .
8 Eq i t e m clara i c e p s voce
u t hostes e
n r di e t
an ,
u x au r n ,
r edire in p o e l iu m i b e t : n ihil t e p id t io e opus

r u r a n
esse ; suo i u s s c i c u m d i A lbanum e e rc it m u t

u r uc x u ,
F i d e n t i m n uda te r ga i v d
a u t ; idem im p e t t n a an ra u
9 b astas equites e r ge e t
i 1
Id factum magnae parti r n .
e d it m u R m or m co s ectum
o
p an b e u n t i s A lba n i
u n a
p
e e c i t s i t e s e p s i t : qui
x r u n id e
r a t id qu o d ab r ege v ra n ,
au d it m erat r ati e o
u c i s
p g nt , Terro r ad a r u u na .
hostes tra sit ; e t u d i v e r t cla r a voce dictum e t

n a an ,
m agna pa r s F i d e ti m t quibus coloni additi Ro

na u ,
u
m ani 2 sse t eLatine s c i e b t It q e e subito

n ,
an . a u ,
n
ex c l l ib u s d e c s A lb o u m i t e r l u d e e t r ab
o ur u an r n c r n u
O ppido te rga e t u t I s t t Tullus fu s o qu e Fide

,
v r n . n a
n t i u m c o rnu in V e i e t e m
a alieno pav or e p e r l m n cu su
fe ro c i o r redit N e c illi t u l e e im p e t m sed ab e ffusa

. r u ,
fuga fl umen o b ie t m ab tergo c e b t Quo post c u ar a .
quam fu ga i c l i it alii a rma foede i c t t e s

n nav ,
a an in
aquam c e c i r e b t alii dum c c t n t u r i n ip is

a u an , ,
un a r ,
inte r fugae p u g e q e consilium oppressi N on alia

na u .
ante Romana pugna a t ro c io r fuit .
1
i
er g e re n t - ri r
g z e ge e e r ige re n t i u b e a t M : e rige re n t i u b e a t
ri r
( o r e ge e i u b e a t , or e ri e re i u b e a t , o r e ge e e rige re n t n e , ri r i ht
or e ri r i h t
ge e n e ) O .
2
ut q i
u bus i
R o m a n Wa l t er s ( f o ll o win g T a n F a b er s ’
.
ut qu i
e s R o m a n ) u t qu i ( e t i DL ) R om a n s 0 q ui i .
LI V Y
XX VI I I Tum A l b s e e rc i t s spectato r certa
. an u x u ,
mi is d e d c t s in campos M e t t i s Tullo d e v i to s
n ,
u u . u c
hostes gr t u l t u ; con t ra Tullus M e t t iu m be n igne

a a r
a d l qu it u
o Quod bene e rt t cast r a A lbanos Ro
r . v a ,
manis c s t is i u g e re i he t ; s rifi i m lustral e in

a r n n ac c u
2 diem p o s t e ru m parat Ubi i l it p t is omnibus . n ux ,

a ra
,
ut d so le t
a oc i ad c o t io e m u t r m q u e e x e r it u m
,
v ar n n u c
i b et
u P ra e o e s ab ex t remo orsi primos e c i e e
. c n x v r
A lbanos H i o it a t e etiam rei moti u t r egem

. n v ,
Romanum c o t io t e m d i e n t p ro im i c o nsti
n n an au r x
3 t ere E. c p o it o armatax c ir m d ton

u r Romana s cu a
l e gi ; o e t i i b s datum n egotium e r at
c n u r on t sine u u
4 mo ra impe ria e s e q u e e t Tum ita Tullus x r n ur .
in fit
'
Romani S i m q m a n te alias ull o i n bell o fuit

,
u ua
quod primum dis im m rt l ib u s g r atias a g e re t is de o a

,
inde e s t r e ip s o u m virtuti h e s t e n u m id p o e l i m
v a r ,
r r u
fuit Dim ic a t u m est enim n o n magis cum h o s t ib s

. u
quam quae d im ic a t io maio r atque p e ric u l o s io r est

, ,
5 cum p o d it io e ac p e fid i s o c io ru m N m n e vos
r n r a . a ,
falsa opi n i o t e n e t iniussu meo A lbani s u b i e re ad a ,
montes nec im pe r ium il l u d meum sed consilium e t

,
impe t u S im l a t i o f it t nec vobis ig o a t ib s

u u ,
u n r n u
desc r i v o s e t e re t u r a certami n e animus e t hosti

av r
bus c irc u m v e i i se ab tergo r atis terror ac fuga

1
n r
6 i i e re t u r
n c Nec ea culpa quam arguo omnium A lba
.
no r um est : d u c e m s e c u t i sunt u t e t vos Si quo ego , ,
1 c i rc u m v e n iri -
F i D g z c i rc u m u e m r e n
-
.
B OO K 1 . xxv 1 11 . 1 —6
XX V I I I The n the A lban army which had bee n a

.
,
67 2 —6 40
spectat o r o f the battle was led down into the plain
,
.
M e t t i s congratulated Tullu on the conquest o f his

u s
enemies ; Tullus replied kindly to M t t i s and com e u ,
m an d e d the A lbans in a good hour to j oin their camp

to that o f the Roma n s H e then made preparations
.
to per form on the morr o w a sacrifice f purification

, ,
o .
A t dawn when all things were in readi ess he issued

,
n ,
to both a r mies the cu tomary order convoking them

s ,
to an assembly The heralds beginning at th e out

.
,
skirts o f the camp called out the A lbans first who

, ,
being moved by the very novelty o f the occasion ,
took their stand close t o the Roman kin g that they ,
might hea r him harangue his a rmy The Roman .
troop by previous ar ra gement we r e armed and

s, n ,
disposed a ro und them and the centurio n s wer e ,
h id d e
n t o execute orders p ro mptly Then Tullus .
began as follows
Romans if eve r anywhe r e i n any wa r y ou
,
have had reason to give thanks first to the i m ,
mortal gods and then to you r own valou r it was ,
in the battle of yesterday Fo r you fought n o t .
only against you r enemies but a harde r and mo r e ,
dangerous fi gh t — against the treache ry and the

p e fi d y of you r allies
r Fo r to undece ve y o u I gave
.
, i ,
no orders that the A lbans S hould draw o ff t o wa rds

the mountai s W hat you heard was not my com
n
mand but a trick and a p r etended comma d de

,
n ,
vised in order that you might not know you were

being deserted and so be distracted from the fight ;
,
and that the e n emy thinking that they we r e bei n g

,
hemmed in on th e rear might be pa n ic -st ricken ,
and flee A n d yet this guilt which I am chargin g

.
'
d o es not attach t o a ll the A lban s they but followed

LI VY
inde agmen d eclinare o l is s e m fe c is s e t is M e t t i s v u , . u
ille est ductor i t i e is h iu s M e t t i s idem hui n sn r u ,

u
machinator belli M e t t i s foederis Romani A l b iq

,
u an ue
u t r o A d e t d e i d e ta lia alius
u a nisi i nn hu n e i
r
p .
, n
signe iam d o m e t u m m o rt l ib u s dedero

cu n a .
C e t u i n e s armati M e t t i m
n r o i c m s is t u t ; r ex u c r u n
u
“
cetera t o s s erat p e git : Quod bonum f s t m
r u ra au u
, ,
fe l i q e S it populo Roman o ac mihi o b i s q e A lbani

x u v u , ,
populum m e m A lbanum Ro m m t d c e e in nimo

o n a ra u r a
est i it t e m da r e plebi primo r es in pat r es legere

,
c v a , ,
u nam b e m unam r em publicam facere

ur ,
Ut ex uno .
quondam in du o s populos divisa A lbana res est sic ,
8 nunc in unum re d e t 1
A d haec A lbana pubes a .
inermis ab m t is s e p t in ar a iis l t t i b s com

a a v ar vo un a u
9 m ni tame m metu cogente silentium tenet Tum

u .
“
Tullus M etti F fe t i i q it S i ipse d is c e re posses
u
”
n u
, ,
fi d e m ac f e d e se r va r e vivo tibi ea discipli a a me

o ra , n
a d h ib i t esset ; nunc quoniam tu um insanabile i

a , n
e i u m est at tu tuo supplicio doce h m

n m ge n us u an u
g ,
ea sancta credere quae a te violata sunt Ut igitur .
paulo ante im m inter F id e t e m Ro m m q e

an u na an a u
rem i p i t e m g e s s i s t i ita iam corpus passim d is t

an c , ra
h e d m dabis
”
n u E i d e d b u s d m o t i s q u d i gis
. x n ua a a r
in c r s e u m d is t e n t m i l ig t M e t t iu m d e i d e
ur u ar u n a ,
n
in d i e rs m iter equi concitati lace r um l n u t ro qu e

v u
1
re d e a t a : re d e a n t M0 .
LI V Y
c u r ru corp s qua i h e s e t vinculis membra po r
u ,
n a ra n ,
1 1 tantes .A vertere omnes ab tanta f e d it t e spec o a
taculi o c l o s P rimum l t im m q e i ll d s p p l i i u m
u . u u u u u c
apud Romanos exempli parum m e m o is l egum huma r
n arum f it : i n l iis gl or iari licet nulli gentium miti

u a
or es p l is s e poe mas
ac u .
XXIX Inter h ec iam p e m s m A l b m e r t

. a ra r a an
equites qui m lt i t u d i e m t d c e e t Ro m m L e
u n ra u r n a .
2 gi o e s d e i d e d u c t e ad d i e d m u b e m
n n a Quae ru n a r .
ubi i t e e portas non quidem fuit tumultus ille

n ra v
‘
r ,
n ec p avor q l is c p t u m esse u b iu m solet cum

,
ua a ar r ,
e ff c t i s portis s t
ra t i s e ariete m ris aut arce vi capta
ra v u
clamo r h o s t il is e t cursus per u b e m m t m o m r ar a o ru
3 nia fe rr o fl m m q e m i s c e t ; sed Silentium triste ac

a a u
tacita m a e s t it i ita d e fi x it om n ium im o s t prae

a an u
metu quid e l i q e re t quid secum ferrent d e fi

1
r n u n ,
cie n te consilio ro git t e s q e alii alios n unc in limi an u

’
n i b s s t a re t n unc e
u n b u d i d o m o s suas ultimum
,
rra n
4 il l u d visu r i p e r g e t u U t ve r o iam e qu it m
va ar n r . u
clamo r e x ire i b e t i m i n s t b t iam fragor tectorum

u n u a a ,
quae d i u e b t u u l t im is urbis pa r tibus d ie b t

r an r au a u r,
l v i s u e ex d i s t t i b u s locis o rt u S e l t nube i
an v u
p u
q n
dueta omnia im p l e v e ra t r p t im quibus quisque pote ,

a
r at e l t is cum larem ac penates t e c t q e in quibus

a ,
a u
natus quisque e d c t s q e esset re l i qu e t e s e i e t

u a u u n n x r n ,
5 iam c o t i e s agme n m ig n t i m i m p l e e
n n n t vias e t ra u v ra ,
q id M d ig b l iti q id Q
1
u a u o u .
1
E h f m il y h d i t l
ac a p ci l d ity wh p r t t d
a s ar, a s e a e o o ec e
t h h u h ld
e o se d it p o t
, g ar d i n
an f th p
s
(th
en a es , u a s o e en u s e
f m i ly t
a f p r vi i
s or e o ) o s on s .
B OO K 1 . xxv 111 . I O— XX X I .
5
each o f the cars fragments of the mangled bod y ,
where the limbs held to their faste n ing A ll eyes s .
were turned away from so dread ful a S ight S ch . u
was the fir t and last punish m ent among the Roman

s s
o f a kind that disregard the laws of humanity Ins .
other cases we may boast that with no nation hav e

milder punishments found favour .
X X I X W hile this w going on horsemen had

. as ,
al ready bee n ent on to A lba to fetch the inhabit ts

s an
to Rome and afterwards the legions were marched

,
over to demolish the city W hen they ente r ed the .
gates there was t i d e e d t h e t m l t d panic which

no ,
n ,
u u an
u ually follow the capture o f a city when its gates

s ,
h ave been forced or its walls breached with a ram o r

i t stronghold stormed when the houts f the enemy
s ,
s o
and the r sh of armed men through the treets throw

u s
the whole to wn into a wild con fusion o f blood and fire .
B t at A lba opp r essive sil ence and grie f that found

u
no words quite ove r whelmed the spirits o f all the

people too dismayed to think what they should take
with them and what leave behind they would ask ,
each othe r s advice again and again now sta nding on

’
their th r esholds and now roaming aimlessly through

,
the houses they were to look pon f that last time u or .
But when at le gth the horsemen bega n to be urgent

n ,
and clamorously commanded them to come out ;

when they could now h ear the crash of the buildings
which were being pulled down in th e outskirts f h o t e
city when the dust rising in di ffe r ent quarters had

overcast the Sk y like a gathering cloud then every
body made has t e to carry out what he could and ,
forth they went abandoning thei r lares and penates 1

, ,
and th e hou e where they had been bo r n and br o ught

s s
up A n d no w the streets were filled with an unb roken

.
LI V Y
conspectus mutua m is e t io e i t e g b t
a l i o ru m ra n n ra a
l c im s
a r es a e etiam m i s e v oc b i l es e u d i eb t ra x au
q ,
an ur
m lieu m p ru e i
p e cum Ob s e sra ab c m t i
u templa
,
sa ar a s
augusta p e t e i e t ac e l t p t s e l i q e e t
ra r r n v u ca o r n u r n
deos E s s s urbe s Romanus passim pub

1 Al
g. i b ire an
lica p i t q e omnia tecta d e q t solo

r va a u
q e a a ua ,
una u
hora q d i ge t m a o m opus quibus A lba

ua r n n o ru nn ru
st e t t e c i d i o ac
e ra i i s dedit ; t e m p l is t m e deum
x ru n a n
—ita eni m edictu m ab rege f e t t e m p e t m u ra m

ra u
est .
XXX Roma interim c e s i t A lbae r inis Dupli

. r c a .
catur i i m numerus ; C e l i s additur urbi mons e t

c v u a u ,
quo f e q e t iu s h b i t e t eam sedem Tu l l us e gi e

r u n a ar u r, r a
2 capit i b i q u e d e i d e h b i t it P rincipes A lba

n
2
a av .
n orum in patres u t ea quoque pars rei publicae ,
e s e e t legit I io s S e il i o s Q i
l 3
cr c r , ,
ti o s G e g
u io s
,
rv ,
u nc ,
an ,
C i t io s C l o e l i s ; t m p l m q
ur a ,
ordini ab se c t o
o e u ue au
curi m fecit quae H s t il i usqu e ad patrum nostro

a o a
3 rum e t t e m appellata est

a a Et t omnium o d i m . u r nu
v i ib s aliquid ex novo populo

r u di e et i
q t m a c r ur e u u
decem turmas ex Al b is legit legiones e t v e t e e s an ,

r
e o d e m supplemento e p l e it e t novas scripsit x v .
4 Hac fi d i iri m Tullus S b i is bellum i d ic it

uc a v a a n n ,
1
urb g- b m Q e i b iq
z u rd i d VM e i b iq
. n
2
ue e n e ue .
3
I li S b ll i
u os ( f Di aH l l 70
e cu s d 2 79 )
c . on . a . . . an .
T ll i
u Q os .
1
W he n C l o d iu s wa s m u d e e d , i n 5 2 B C , t h e m o b b u n r r . . r t
h is b o d y i n t h e C u ri e H o s t il i a , c ca g fi r e a n d wa s
. wh i h u ht
d es tr oy e d .
1 06
LI V Y
genti ea tempestate secund m Etruscos p l e t is u O u n
5 s i m e viris
a m is q e Ut i m q e i i i e f t
ar u ac . r u n ur a ac ae
r e s n
e
q q i m eu t repetitae
ua Tullus d
ra n F e i e . a ro n a
fanum m e t frequenti e g t i t e Romanos com

rc a u n o a or s
p eh e s s
r
q u e eb t
n o S abini suos prius
r ain l m u r, u cu
c o f n
g iusse ac Romae ete t s Hae causae belli r n o .
6 fe e b r t S abini haud parum memores e t snarum

an ur .
,
v i ri m partem Romae ab T t i o l c t m e t R m
u m a o a a o an a
r em p e etiam d ie t io e popul i A lbani an tam

nu r a c n o ,
7 i c m S p i e re e t ipsi externa auxilia

c r u c Etruria erat .
vicina p o im i Et s,
r m Ve i e t e s
x Inde ob resi
ru c o ru n .
duas b e l l m iras maxime s l li it t is ad d e fe t i e m

o ru o c a c on
animis voluntarios t e e e t apud vagos q o s d m ra x r ,

u a
ex inopi plebe etiam merces v l it P ublico auxilio a u .
n ullo d iu t i sunt l it q e apud Ve ie t e s — nam de

a ,
va u u n
ceteri minus m i m est pacta cum Romulo i d t i

s ru — n u
8 ar m fi d e s
u C m bellum t i m q e summa ope para
. u u r u
rent e t iq e in e o res i d e t
,
v r u utri prius arma v re u r,
i fe e t o
n rr
p n t Tullus
,
in g m
ccu S b ia m transire a ru a nu .
9 P ugna t ad silvam M l it io s m fuit ubi e t pedi

a ro x a a ,
tum quidem robore cete r um e q it t cto

pe ,
u a u au nu r
10 pl i m m Romana acies
ur u l it A b e q it ib s e va u . u u r
pente i e t is turbati ordines sunt S b i

nv c m ; n ec a n o ru
pu gna d e i d e illis constare n ec fuga e p l ic a i sine

n x r
magna e d e p o t it ca u .
1
i . e . G uil e fu l W ood .
BOO K 1 . xxx .
4
—1 0
the Sabines a nation second only at that time to

,
the Etruscans in its wealth o f men and arm O s . n
either S ide there had been aggres ions and re fusals to s
grant satis faction Tullus complained that at the

.
shrine f Feronia in a crowded fair Roman traders

o , ,
had been seized ; the S abines alleged that be fore this , ,
re fugees from their country had fled to the grove o f

s anctuary and had been detained in Rome These
, .
were put forward as the causes f war The S abines o .

,
not forgetting that a portion of their own forces had

been settled in Rome by Tatius and tha t the Roman
state had r ecently been furthe r strengthened by the
addition f the A lban people began themselves to
o ,
look about for outside help Etruria was close by .

,
and the nea r est o f th e Etrus can were the V i e t s s e n e .
There the r esentment le ft over from the war was the s
strongest i n centive to revolt a d procured them some ,

n
volunteers while with certain vagrant and poverty

s tricken plebeians even the pro pect o f pay was s
e ffectual O ffi cial aid the r e was none and the Ve i e t e s

.
,
n
( f orthere is le s to urprise s in the other

s
) held
s firmly u s
to the truce they had agreed upon with Romulus .
W hil e prepar ations f war were making on both sides or
with the greatest energy and uccess appeared to ,

s
hinge upon which hould first take the field Tullus s ,
anticipated h i enemies and invaded the S abine

s
country A desperate battle was fought near t h e

.
S il a M l it io s
v a
1
where owing partly it is true to
a, , , ,
the trength o f their in fantry but most of ll to their

s ,
a
newly augmented cavalry the Roman army gained ,
the mastery The cavalry made a sudden charge ;

.
the ranks o f the S abines were t hrown into disorder ,
and fro m that moment were unable without heavy ,
loss either to hold their own in the fight o r to

,
extricate themselves by a retreat .

LI V Y
XXX I . cum in magna gloria mag
De v i c t i s S a b in i s
n i s q e p ib s regnum Tulli ac tota res Romana esset
u O u ,
nun t i t m regi p t i b s q e est in monte A lbano

a u a r u u
2 l p i d ib s p l
a is s e
u Quod cum credi vix pos et missi
uv . s ,
s
ad id v is e d m p o d igi m in o s p e c t haud aliter

n u r u ,
c n u
quam cum g d i e m venti gl o m e t m in terras

ra n n ra a
3 a
g un t creb,
ri e id e e l o lapides
c c V isi
er etiam ca . au
di r e o c m i g e t e m ex s m m i c m i i luco t
v e n n u acu n s ,
u
pat r io ritu sacra A lbani f c e re t quae e l t dis a n , v u
quoqu e simul cum patria e l i t is blivio i d e d e t r c O n ra n ,
e t aut Romana sacra s s e p e t aut fo t u e t fitu c ra n r na ,

u ,
4 o b i ti
ra lt m cu l iq e u t deum re Romanis quoque
u ra n .
ab e o d e m prodigio novendiale sacrum publice sus

c e t m est seu voce
u l e s t i ex A lbano monte m i
c aesa
p ,
s
— nam id quoque traditur— seu h r s i c u m m i tu ; a u on

p
m an s it certe o ll e m e t q s d q e idem p o d ig i m
n ,
u u an o u r u
n un ti et arferiae pe r novem dies g e e t

u r, a r n ur .
5 H d ita multo post p e s t il e t i

an l b o t m est n a a ra u .
Unde cum pigritia m il it d i o e e t nulla t m e an r r u r, a n
ab armis q i e s d b t u a bellicoso rege s l b io

u a a r ,
a u r ra
etiam credente m il i t i e quam domi i e u m corpora a uv n
esse donec ipse quoque longinquo morbo est i m p l i

,
6 c it su Tunc adeo fracti simul cum corpore sunt

.
S piritus illi feroces t qui nihil ante ratus esset

,
u
minus re gi m quam s i dedere im m repente

u acr s an u ,
omnibus m g is p v is q e s u p e s t it i o i b s o b n o i u s
a n ar u r n u x
I IO
LI V Y
d e g e re t etiam populum im p l e re t
re l i
g i o n ib u s u e
q .
7 Vulgo iam homine c m tatum rerum qui sub s u s
N uma rege f e t requirentes unam u

p em
ra e
g i ,
o a r s
c o
p o ib
r s re lic t m
u i paxr e i
q e ab dis impetrata
a ,
S v n a u
8 esset c e d e b t Ipsum regem t d t l e t e m

,
r an . ra u n vo v n
c omm e t i o s Numa c cum ibi quaedam occulta S l

n ar , o
lemnia s i fi i Iovi El i c io facta i v e is s e t opera

acr c a n n ,
tum s s is se b d id is s e ; sed non r ite i it m aut

111 acr a n u
c t m id sacrum esse nec solum

u ra u ll m e i o b l t m ,
n u a a a
c e l e st i m
a s p e c ie m
u sed i r a Iov i s l lic it t i prava ,
so a
r eligione fulmine i c t u m cum domo c fl g s s e on a ra .
Tullus magna gloria belli re g it s duos e t n av an n o
t ri g i n t a .
XXXI I M o t o Tullo r es u t i s t it t m iam inde

. r u ,
n u u
ab initio erat ad patres e d ie t ] iq e i t e e ge m

,
r ra ,
1 u n rr
n om i nave t Quo comitia h b e t e A m M

ra n . a n n cu ar
o ium regem populus e it ; patres fuere auctores cr av .
N umae P ompili regis nepos fi l i o t s A M ,

a r u ,
n cus ar
2 cius e r at Qui t r egnare c o e p it e t it e gl i e

. u ,
av a or a
m e m o e t quia p o im u m regnum cetera

r
g e gi m
r x ,
e r u ,
ab una parte haud satis p OS p e m f e t aut neg r ru u ra ,
l e c t i s re l ig io ib s aut prave l t is longe

n
2
u t i q is s i cu ,
an u
mum ratus sacra publica u t ab Nu m a instituta e t ra n
facere omnia ea ex o m m e t i is r egi p

,
t i fi c e m in c n ar s on
album relata proponere in publico i b e t Inde e t

3
u .
2
1
i is is or h is a . l o n ge g G r o n o v : l o n ge q u e a
’
. .
3
rlt e a a S a be l l icu s : e la at ( elat a m M ) Q
3
.
B OO K 1 . x x x r . 6— xxx 1 1 . 2
superstitions great and small and filled even the ,
minds of the people with religious S cruples M e . n
were now agreed in wi hing to recal l the condition s s
wh ich had obtained under King N uma believing that ,
the o nly remedy le ft for t h eir ailing bodies was to

procure peace and forgivene s from the gods The s .
king him sel f so t radition tells in tu ning over the

, ,
r
commentaries o f Numa discovered there certain

occult sacrifices pe r formed in honour ofJupite r Elicius ,
and devoted himsel f in secret to those rites but the

ceremony was improperly undertaken o r per formed ,
and not only was no divi e manifestation vouchsa fed n
him but in con equence f the wra th o f Jupite r

,
s o ,
who was p r ov oked by his faulty bservance he was O ,
struck by a thu derbolt and consumed in the flamesn
o f his house Tullus was greatly r enow n ed in wa r

.
and reigned thirty -two years .
XXXI I O th e death of Tullus the government

. n ,
reve rted in accordance with the custom establi hed

,
s
in the begi ning to the se n ators who named an

n , ,
interrex This o ffi cial called together the comitia and

.
,
the people elected A u s M arcius king a choice nc ,
which the Fathers ratified A s M arcius was a . n cu
g r andson on the mothe r s S ide o f King N uma P ompi

,
’
lius W hen h e began to r ule he was mind ful o f his

.
grandfather s glory and con idered that the last

’
,
s
reig n excellent in all else had failed t o prosper in one

, ,
r espect owing to neglect o r misconduct o f r eligious

,
O bservances Deeming it there fore a matter f the

. o
u tmost consequence to perform the state sacrifices as

Numa had established them he bade the pontifex ,
copy out all these fr o m th e commentarie of the king s
and display them in public on a whitened table .
This act led the citizens wh o we r e eage r fo r peace , ,

LI VY
c i v i b u s o t i i c u p i d is e t facta spes fi n it i m is c i v it a t i b u s
3 in avi mores atque instituta regem b i t m Igitur a u ru .
Latini cum quibus Tullo regnante i t m f e d s erat

,
c u o u ,
s st l e
u t a mimos e t cum i
u ra n si e m in
g m R ,
n cu r on a ru O
manum fe i s s e t e p e t e t i b s res Romanis superbe

c n ,
r n u
re ponsum e d d t d e s id e m Romanum regem inte r

s r un ,
4 sacella e t aras t m esse regnum rati ac M edium u ru .
erat in A nco ingenium e t N m e et Romuli m e m o ; ,

u a r
et p ete
q ram quod avi rregno uamagis e e ss i m n c ar a
fuis e pacem e d e b t cum in novo tum feroci populo

s cr a
,
etiam quod illi t ig i s t otium sine i i i id se

c on s e n u r a,
haud facile h b it m t e m p t i p t i t i m e t temp

a u ru ar a en a
tatam tem i tem p c on

q e esse Tullo regi
n , p t i o o ra u a ra
5 quam Numa c Ut t m e q oniam N uma in pace

. a n, u
religiones i s t it is s e t a se b e l l ic e n e im o i e
u ,
a ca r n a
p d e e t
ro nec
r
g e e e t
n u r, solum sed etiam i r r n ur n
di e e t c r bella l i q o ritu ius ab antiqua gente

n ur a u ,
A q i l i s quod n unc fetiales h b e t d e s ip s it quo

e u co ,
a n ,
cr
res e p e t t r un ur .
6 Legatus ubi ad fines corum venit unde r es re

p et t capite
un velato
u r, fi l — lanae velamen est o
A udi I p p i t e ,
i q it ; u d it e fines r,-cuius n u au
cu m q e gentis sunt n o m i
u t ; di t f s Eg o na au a a .
sum publicu nuntius populi R o mani ; i s t e pieque

s u
legatus e i o v e b is q u e meis fi d e s sit

v n P e git r . ra
1
i tit ti f t h f ti l w
The ns ri b d i h p xx iv
u on o e e a s as as c e n c a . .
t o T u llu s
( l C i R p ii Livy i h r f l l wi g
so a so c . e . . s e e o o n
an oth r ut h ri t y with t t k i g t h t b l t r m
e a o th ,
ou a n e ro u e o e o ve e
di r p sc
y Ot h r wri t r ( Di
e an c ii 72 ; P l t N m x ii )
. e e s on . . u . u a .
c r d i t N m wit h t h i tituti
e u a e ns on .
LI V Y
7 d e in d e postulata
Inde Io e m te tem facit : . ego v s
“S i
i i s t e i m p i e qu e i l l o s homines i l l q u e res dedier
n u as
mihi e p os o tum patriae m p t e m me m q m

1 x c ,
co o nu ua
8 siris esse Haec cum fine s p

. d i t haec qui s u ra s c a n ,
cu mq e e u
p m s vir1 b i s fuerit
r1 haec
u portam o v u ,
ingrediens haec forum i gre s s paucis verbis car

,
n u s,
minis i p i e d i q e iuris i
c on c n d i mutatis p e g itu u ra n ,
ra .
9 S i non d e d t quos e p c it d i e b s t r ibus e t t r i

un ur x os u
ginta— tot enim s l l e m s sunt— p e t is bellum ita o ne ra c
1 0 i d i it :
n
“cA udi I p p i t e e t tu Iane Q i i e dique
2
u r, u r n
, , ,
omnes c e l e s t e s o s q e terrestres o s q u e in ferni

a v u , ,
v , ,
a u d it e Eg vos testor populum ill u m — q i m q e

. o u cu u
est m i t no
“ i i s t m esse neque ius p e s o l
na — n u u r ver
e .
S e d de i t i r ebus in patria maiores natu o s l e m s

s s c n u u
quo pacto ius nostrum d ip is m u r Tu n nuntius

3 a ca . r
R o m m ad c o s u l e d m redit
a n C o n fe s t im rex his 4
n u .
“
1 1 ferme verbis patres c o S l e b t : Q r m rerum n u a ua u
,
l it i m u s ,
m c au d i it pater p t t s populi R O
a ru c on x a ra u
mani Q i it i m patri p t t P is c o m Latin o rum

u r u a ra o r ru
h o m i ib s q e F ri is Latinis} quas res nec d e d e

n u u se t ru n
nec s l e t
o v nec f e c e
ru n t quas r es da r i solvi fi e i 6ru n , , ,
r
o o t i t dic quem primum

7
p r u i q ,
i t ei ,
n se te ti m
u n n a
12 og b t
r a quid censes ? Tum ille
a ,
P uro p i q u e : o
duello q e e d s e s e o i t q e c o s e t io
ua r n a c s in a u n n c on c s
coque Inde ordine alii o g b t ; q d q e

. r a an ur u an o u
m ihi M V p
1 r ( P R p p li r m i
: . . or ti O or o u o an or n un o
p p o l i Ru m i ) m i hoi ( m i h
an i 0 ) n c .
2
Ia n e P e r i z on i u s : iu n o Q .
3
tum H a c h tm a u n : cu m R cu m h is ( or iiS or is ) a .
4
re x h is Gr a ter : re x e x h is ( e x iS D ) a .
5
ri i
F s e s L a n s O, p r iti i
s c is u e l la n s a ti i .
5
sol vi
fi e ri A ld : fi e ri s o l u i ( s o l u i F ) 0
. .
e i M ( or M ) R ,
7 1 2 2
et a:
B OO K 1 . x x x n . 6— 1 2
recites his demand a fter which he takes Jupite r to

s,
witness “ If I demand unduly and against religion

that these m e and these things be urrendered to
n s
me th en let me never enjoy my native land

,
These .
words he r ehearses whe n he crosses th e bounda ry line ,
the same t o what man soever first meets him the ,
same whe n he e nter the city gates the same whe n

s ,
he h come i n to the market -place with only a fe w

as ,
change in the for m and wording o f th e oath If

s .
those whom he demands are not surrende r ed at the ,
end f three and thirty days fo such is th e con

o r
v e ti
n l numbe r— h e declares war thus :
on a H ear ,
Jupiter and thou Janus Quirinu and hear l l

, ,
s, a
heavenly gods and ye gods o f earth and ye of the

, , ,
lower world ; I call you to witness that this people

—n aming whateve r people it is is nj ust and does u ,
not make j ust reparation But of these matters we .
will take counsel o f t h e elde r s in our country how ,
we may obtain our right The n the messenge r .
returns to Rome for the consultation Immediately .
the king would con ult the Fathers in some such

s ,
words as these “Touching the things the suits the , ,
causes concer ning which the p t p t t of th e

,
a er a ra u s
Roman P eople o f the Quirites has made demands on

the p t p t t o f the A ncie n t Latins and upo n
a er a ra u s ,
the men o f the A ncien t Latins which things they ,
have not delivered n o r fu lfilled no r satisfied being

, , ,
things which ought to have been delivered fulfilled , ,
and satisfied speak — turning t o the man w h os e

, ,
opinion he was wont t o ask fi s t what think you r ,

“
Then the other would r eply : 1 hold that those things
ought t o be sought in wa r fare j ust and righteous ; and
so I conse n t a n d vote The othe r s were then asked
.
”
t h e questi on i n thei r or de r and when t h e maj o rity

, ,
1 1 7
LI VY
pars maior corum q i d e r t in candem s e t e t i m u a an n n a
i h at bellum erat o s e m Fieri s o l i t m u t fetialis

,
c n n su . u
h st m f
a a t m aut p
e rra e st m s
a
g i e m ad
ra fines u a an u n a
1
eo rum ferret e t non minus tribus p b e ib s praesen u r u
t ib us di e et : c
“ Quod populi P is
r m L tinorum r c o ru a
s c i Latini adversus populum Roma

2 P i
h om i e s q e
n u r
num Q i i t i m fe u r t d e l iq e
u t quod populus
c e ru n , u ru n ,
Romanus Q i i t i m bellum cum Friseis Latinis i s s it

u r u u
esse s e t u s q e populi Romani Q i it i m e s it

na
3
u u r u c n u ,
c on s e s it n o s i it
,
c t bellum cum P is c i s L t
n c v ,
u s r a 1n 1
fi e t ob eam rem ego p p l q e Romanus p p l i S

re ,
o u us u O u
P i
r s c o ru m Latinorum h m i i b q e P i s c i s Latinis o n us u r
bellum indico f c i q e Id ubi d i i s e t b astam in

a o u . x s ,
fines corum e m it t e b t H e tum modo ab Latinis a . o
repetitae res ac bell u m i d i t u m m o e m q e e m n c , r u u
posteri c e p e t a c ru n .
XXXI I I A n o us demandata cura sacrorum fl ami

.
n ib e d t ib s e al l is e e c i t n o vo c o nscripto
u
us s ac q r o u ,
x r u
p ro f e ctu s P l i to i m
,
u b em
o Latinorum
r u ,vi cepit r , ,
s e c t s q e morem regum p i o
u u u m qui rem R o m m r ru , an a
au x e t h o s t i b s in c i it t e m
ra n uc i i e d is m
p l t it v a a c n ,
u u
2 d i e m o m e m Ro m m t d
n n i t e t cum circa P ala
a ra ux ,
tium sedem v e t e m Ro m o m S abini C apitolium

,
4
ru an ru ,
atque em C e l i u m montem A l b m
a rc ,
a m plesse t a 1 n ,
A e ti
v n m novae multitudi n i datum
nu A dditi e o d e m .
haud ita multo post T e l l e is F i c q e p t is o w ,

n an a u ca ,
n
3 cives P l i t o i m inde rs s bello re p e t it m quod

. o r u ru u u ,
1
p ra e u s t a m s a n gu i n e a m M a d u ig : s an
gu i n e a m p ra e u s t a m n
2 h o m i n e s q u e S z go m u s : h o m m e s u e ( h om in e s M ) Q .
3
s e n a t u s q u e g : s e n a tu s u e
“
Q .
v e t e ru m M P 0H
1 2
v e t e re m 0
“
.
LI VY
vacuum p occu Latini ; c aque
a v e ra n cau at P ri s c i s
d i e d e urbis eius fuit Romanis me h o s t i m e m

ru n a ,
u s
4 per receptaculum esset P o tremo omni bello Latino . s
M e d ll i m compulso l iq m d i ibi M arte incerto

u a a ua u ,
varia ictoria p u g t m est ; m e t urbs tuta muni

V na u 11 a
t i o ib s p e s i d i o qu e fi m t valido erat e t
n u ra s t i s in r a a ,
ca r
aperto p o s i t is l iqu o t ie s exercit s Latinus m m i s

a n a co nu
5 cum Romanis signa c o t u l e t A d ultimum omni n ra .
bus cop s o is s A s acie primum vincit ; inde

u c n u ncu
ingenti p e d p o t e s R m m redi t tum quoque

ra a n o a ,
multis m il ib s Latinorum in i i t t e m c e p t is qui

u c v a a c ,
bus t i g e e t u P l t io A e t i m ad M c i e
,
u un r r a a v n nu , ur a
6 datae sedes I i l m quoque d ie t u m non in o

. an cu u a c ,
pia loci sed me quando ea arx h s t i m esset Id non

,
o u .
m un r i i 1
solum sed etiam b o m m o d it t e m i t i e is O c a n r
ponte s b l i i tum primum i Tiberi facto o i u gi

u c o, n ,
c n n
7 urbi p l c it Q i i t i m quoque fossa haud parvum

a u . u r u ,
m un im e t m a p l n io ib u s
u d it locis A n ci regis
an r a u ,
opus e t s .
Ingenti inc r emento rebus u c t is cum in tanta a
multitudine h m i m discrimine recte an p e o nu ,

r
p e m
ra facti conf so f c i or clandestina fiu e e t ,
a n a r n ,
carcer ad terro r em i c e s c e t is d c i e media urbe n r n au a a
m i i H J M 1
ll m ur n
un r . . ue er : o .
1
T hi s wa s t h e fa m o u s P o n s S u b l ic iu s , “P le B d e i ri
g ,
m ad e of w ood, with t m t ou e a l of a n y s o rt .
B OO K 1 . x x x m .
3
—8
a second time f having been le ft empty it had been

,
or
seized by the A ncient Latin and this gave th e s,
Romans an excuse f razing the town lest it S houldor ,
s erve continually a re fuge f their enemie as In or s .
the end the Latin l evies were all forced back pon u
M e d ll i
u where fo some time the fighting w
a, r as
indecisive and victory shi fted from one S ide to the

other ; fo th e city was protected by fortifications and
r
was defended by a trong garrison and from their s ,
camp in the open plain t h e Latin army everal times S
came to close quarters with the Romans A t last .

,
throwing l l his troops int o the struggle A s

a ,
ncu
s ucceeded fi r st in defeating th e enemy s army and

’
t hen in capturi g the town whence he retu r ned to

n ,
R ome enriched with immense spoils O this o c . n
ca ion also many thousands o f Latins were granted

s
citize nship The e peopl e in order that the A ventine

. s ,
might be connected with the P alatine were made to ,
settle in the region f the A ltar f M urcia J i l m

O O . an cu u
was also annexed to th e city not from any lack o f ,
room but lest it might some day become a strong

,
hold o f Rome s enemies It was decided not only to

’
.
forti fy it but also to connect it with the C ity f

, ,
or
greate r ease in passing to and f o by a bridge o f r ,
piles the first b ridge eve r built over the Tiber

,
1
.
The Quirites Ditch also no small protection on the

’
more level and accessible side of town was the work ,
o f King A n c u s .
W he n these e n o r mous additions t o th e com

munity had been e ffected it was found that in so ,
great a multitude th e d i tinction between right s
and w r ong had become obscured and crimes were ,
being secretly committed A ccordingly to overawe .

,
men s growing lawlessness a prison wa s built in

’
,
LI V Y
9 i n m in e n s oro e d ifi t
f N
a urbs tantum hoc
ca ur . ec
rege c re v i t sed etiam ager fi e s q e

, S ilva M e s i n u . a a
V e i e n t ib u s dem pt a u que ad mare imperium pro

a s
latum e t in ore Tiberis O stia urbs co dita salinac n ,
circa f c t a a e
g e g ie
,
e
q e rebus bello g e s t i s
r u e d i s I o is a v
F e e t i m p l ifi t
r r a ca a .
XXXI V A nco regnante Lucumo vi r

.
,
i m p ige r ac
d i v i t iis p o t e n s , Ro m a m c om m ig ra v it , cu
p i d i ne maxi
m e ac spe magni honoris cuius d i p is c e d i T q i iis ,
a n ar u n
—nam ibi quoque peregrina stirpe oriund s erat a
2 facultas non f e t D e m a t i C o i t h ii fi l i s erat

u ra . ar r n u ,
qui ob e d it i e s domo p f gu s cum T q i iis

s on ro u ar u n
forte o s e d i s s e t
c n o e ib i d c t duos fil io s g e it
,
ux r u a nu .
N omina his Lucumo atq e A f e t Lucumo u r ru n s u ru n .
s p e f it patri bonorum omnium h eres : A rr

u r u s prior un
3 quam pater moritur e gravida e l ic t N e c diu u x or r a .
manet s p e t e s fi l i pater ; qui cum i g

u rs s nu o , n o ra n
rum ventrem ferre i m m e m i n te tando p t is ,

or s ne o
d e e s i s s e t puero post avi mortem in mullam s t e m

c s ,
or
bonorum nato ab inopia Egerio i d it m nomen n u .
Lucumoni contra omni um heredi bonorum cum divi

4 tia c iam i m s f e e t an i t du ta in m t i m o
o ac r n ,
au x o a r
n ium Tanaquil summo l oco nata e t quae hau d facile ,
u s in qui b us nata erat h m il io s i e e t ea quo u ra n r
1 hi ri r r
T s p s o n , th e C a c e , m a y s ll b e s e e n a t t h e fo o o f ti t
it i t
t h e C a p o l n e , b e we e n t h e T e m p l e o f C o n c o d a n d t h e r
Cu a ri I t is
. ou g th ht
t o b e a s Ol d a s a n y s u c u e i n R o m e tr t r .
I t wa s u s e d a s a p l a c e o f d e e n o n a n d e e c on fo r c o n t ti x uti
d e m n e d c m n a lsri i 2
i e N e c e s s it o u s
.
”
. . .
LI V Y
5 i n n u p s is s e t 1 . S p e rn e n t i b u s Et ru s c i s Lu c u m o n e m
ex su le
2 advena erre i d ig it t e m non p o t it
o rt u m ,
f n n a u
o b l it a e i e i t e erga t i m a i t t i s d m m od
q g u n
p n a r a car a ,
u o
v i rum ho t m id e e t
n o ra consilium m ig d i ab
u v r ,
ra n
6 T ar
q u i ii s ncepit Roma est ad . id p o tissima 3 visa ‘
in novo populo ubi o m is r epentina atque ex virtute

,
n
n o b i l i t s sita futurum locum forti ac st r e n uo viro ;

,
r egnasse T t i m S b i u m a u c e s s it u m in r egnum
a n ,
ar
N m m a C ib s e t A
u a ur um S abina matre o t m
u ,
nc r u
7 no b il e m q e una imagine N u m e esse

u Facile per a .
s uad e t t cupido honorum e t cui T rq u i

u mate rna a nn
tantum patria esset S b l t is i t aq e rebus m ig t . u a u a ra n
8 R m mo a A d I i l m forte
. ane t m erat cu Ibi c i
u v n u .
carpento sedenti cum u o e aquila s p e s i s demi sa x r us n s
l e it e
n r alis p ill e u m
4 fe t s u p e rqu e c rp e t m au r ,
a n u
cum magn o clangore o l it s r s s e l t ministerio v an ,

ur u v u
d i i it s missa capiti apte r e p

v n u i t ; inde ublimis on s
9 b i it
a . A c e p i s s e id u g i m lacta d i it r Tanaquil
c a ur u c u ,
perita u t v o lgo Et s i c a e l e s t i m p o d igio u m

,
ru c ,
u r r
mulie r Excelsa e t alta spe rare c o p l e a vi r um

. n x
i u b e t : eam l it e m ea regio n e caeli e t eius dei nun

a ,
tiam venisse circa summum culmen ho m inis a s p i

, u
c i u m fe c i s s e levasse humano s p e p o s it m capiti

, u r u
q u o i n n u p s is s e t We is s en b o rn : a c c u m
1
ea ( or h e c cum or
e a c u m ) i n n u p s is s e t a
2
.
2 1 13
e x s u l e 12 1 e x u le m Q .
3
p o ti i
s s m a G r on o v
p o t i s s im u m 0
. .
4
l e n i t e r g“ l e u it e r Q .
BOO K 1 . x xx v1 .
4 9
-
enjoyed i n the condition to which she had been born .
The Et r usc ns lo o ked with disdain on Lucumo the

a ,
son o f a banished man and a stranger Sh e could .
not endure this indignity and forgetting the love sh e ,
owed he r native land if she could only S e e her hus

,
band honou r ed she formed the proj ect of emigrating

,
from T q i ii Rome appeared to be the most

ar u n .
suitable place for her pu rpose amongst a new people ,
where all rank was o f su dden growth and founded on

worth there would be room for a brave and strenuou s
,
man ; the C it y had been ruled by Tatius the Sabine ,
it had summoned Numa to the sovereignty from C ures ,
even A c u s was the son o f a S abine mothe r and

n ,
cou l d po i nt to n o noble ancestor but N uma S h e .
had no trouble in persuading a man who was eager

for distinction t o whom T q i ,
was only his ar u nn
mother s birthplace They there fore gathered their

’
possessions together and removed to Rome They .
had come as it happened as fa r as Janiculum

, , ,
when as t hey we r e S itting i n their cove r ed waggon

, ,
an eagle poised on its wings gently descended upon

them and plucked o ff Lucumo s cap a fter which ’
, ,
rising noisily above the car and again stooping as i f ,
Sent from heaven f that service it de ftly replaced

or ,
the cap upon his head and departed o n high This ,

.
aug ry was joyfully accepted it is said by Tanaquil

u , , ,
who was a woman killed in celestial prodigies as

s ,
was the case with most Etruscans Embracing he r .
husband she b ade him expect t r anscendent greatness

,
such was th e meaning o f that bird appearing from ,
that quarter o f the S k y and bringing tidings from ,
that god ; th e highest pa rt of the man had been

Conce r ned in the omen ; the eagle had removed th e
a d or nment placed up o n a mo r tal s head that it might
’
1 2 5
VO L . I.
LI V Y
decus ,
u eidem re d d e re t Has spes cogi
t d i v i n it u s .
t t i o e s q e secum portantes
a n u b e m ingressi sunt u r
,
d m i il i o qu e ibi comparato L T q i i m P ris c m

o c . ar u n u u
e d i d e e nomenr Romanis conspicuum c m o it s

. u n v a
d i i t i e qu e f i e b
v a t ; e t ipse f t
ac m benigno d
an or u n a a
l q i
o u o,comitate i v it d i b e e fi s q e quos p t e t
n an n cn u o ra
sibi conciliando d i b t donec in regiam quoque a uva a ,
de e fama perlata e s t l N t it i m q e eam b r evi apud

o . o a u
regem l ib e l it e r d e t e e q e b e d ffi i in fami
ra x r u O un o o c a
l i i s m i it i e
ar a c dd e at iura t p b l i i s pariter ac
a ux ra ,
u u c
i t i s c o n s il iis bello d o m i u e i t s s e t e t per m

pr va
q n e re o
n ai e e Xt S postremo tut or etiam l i b e i s regis tes

r u r
p
tam e n to i n s t it u e re t u r .
XXX V R e g it A c s an o s q t t u o e t v ig i t i
. n av n u u ua r n ,
c i l ib e t superi or u m regum belli p c i s q e e t

u t ib s a u ar u
et gloria par 1 m fi l prope p b e e m e t t e m

. a n u r a a
era n t E magis T q i i s instare u t quam pri

. o ar u n u
2 mum comitia regi creando fi e e t ; quibus i d i t is r n n c
sub tempus p e e t m b le g
u it Isque primus
ro s v na u a av .
e t p e t is s e m b i t i s e regnum e t
a r t io e mo d i c it o a n ur
h b is s e ad
a u il i d s pl b i
conc im o s c o m p o s it m
an o e s an a
3 se non rem o v m petere quippe qui n on p r imus

1 n a , ,
quod q is q m i d ig i m i iv e pos set sed te rtius

u ua n n ar ra r ,
Romae pereg rinus regnum d fe c t e t ; e t T t i m non a a u
ex peregrino solum sed etiam ex h o ste r egem f c ,

a
tum e t N u m m ig r m urbis n on p e t e t e m i n
,
a na u n
1
se D u ker : cu m ( t um F )
1
se a .
LI V Y
4 regnum u se ex quo sui p o t e s fue rit
l t ro a c c it u m : , n ,
R m m cum coniuge ac fo t u is omnibus c o mmi

o a r n
grasse ; m io e m partem e t t is eius qua c i il ib u s

a r a a v
o ffi c ii s f t r homines
un an Romae u se quam in vetere
g ,
5 patria i i s s e ; domi m il it i e q e sub haud p e i t e nd o

v x a u a n
m gis t a ips o A nco rege Romana se iu r a Romanos

ro , , ,
r itus d i d i is s e ; obsequio e t b s e v n t ia in r egem

c o r a
cum omnibus b e ig it t e e rga alios cum r ege ip o

,
n n a s
6 certasse Haec c m haud falsa m e m o t e m ingenti

. u ra n
consensu populus Romanus r egna r e i Ss it Erg o u .
virum cetera e g e gi u m secuta quam in p e t e d o r n
h b e r t etiam e g
a u a tem m b it i o est ; nec minus
r n an a
r egni sui fi m d i quam u ge d e r ei publicae r an a n a
m em centum in patres legit qu d e in d e minorum

or ,
i
gentium sunt appellati fa c t io haud dubia regis cuius , ,
b e e fi i o in curiam ve n erant
n c .
7 Bellum primum cum Latinis ge s s it e t o ppidum ,
ibi A p io l s vi cepit p a e d q e inde maiore quam

a ,
r a u
quanta belli fama f e t e e c t ludos o p l e t i s u ra r v a, u n u
8 i st cti s e quam prio r es reges fecit Tum pri

n ru
q u u .
mum ci r co qui nunc maximus d ic it d e s ign t s ur a u
locus est L o ca divisa p t ib s e q it ib u s q e ubi

. a r u u u
S e t c ul
p c a sibi quisque
a f ce e t ; fo r i appellati a r n .
1
Th t h d d b tl
e sen a h w i t d i pp l f t h
e a ou ess S o n s sa ro v a o e
i
a c ce s s on f T q i i o wh w ar g h t t
u n r d r
us, i t p o no s ou o en e s o
p iti
os f t i
onl b y d u b l i g t h m m b r h ip d p p i ti g
e ou n e e e s an a o n n
n on eb t hi u w p p rt rs o n su o e s.
1 2 8
B OO K I . x xxv .
3
—8
t o th e C ity and f from eeking t h e king hip had

, ,
ar s s ,
actually been invited t o come and take it A s f h im . or
sel f he had no soone r become h i own master than h e

,
s
had removed to Rome with h i w i fe and all his pro s
perty Fo r th e greater part o f that period f li fe d uring

. o
which men serve th e state he had lived in Rome and ,
not in the city o f his birth Both in civil li fe and in .
war h e had had n o mean instructor King A s — ncu
himself had taught him Roman laws and Roman rites .
I n subordination and de ference to the ki g h e had n
vied he said with all his heare r s ; in gene r osity to

, ,
his fellow -subj ects he had emulated the king himsel f .
H earing him adva n ce these n o t unwarranted claims ,
the people with st riki g una n imity named him king

,
n , .
The result was that the man so admirabl e in l l ,

a
othe r r espects c o ntinued even after h e had obtained

,
the sovereignty t o mani fest the same spirit f intrigue o
which had governed h im in seeking it and being n o

less concerned to strengthen h i w p o wer than to s o n
e nla r ge the state h e added hundred members to

,
a
the senate who were know n thencefo r ward as Fathers

,
“
o f the lesser families and formed a party o f ”
nu
,
wavering loyalty to the king t o whom they owed ,
their admi sion to the C uria

s
1 .
His first war was with th e Latins wh o se town f ,

o
A p io l e h e took by storm
a Returning thence wi t h .
more booty than the r umours about the war had led
people to expect he exhibited games on a more ,
S plendid and elaborate S cale than forme r kings had
done It was then that the ground was first marked

.
out fo th e circus n ow called M aximus P laces were

r .
divided amongst the Fathers and the knights where

they might each make seat f themselve ; these s or s
were called r ows They got thei r view from seats

‘
.
’
LI V Y
9 S p e c t a v e re fureis d u od e n os ab te r ra Sp e t u l c ac a
alta pedes L
s u s t i n e n t ib u s . u d i c m fuit equi pugi
ru
l e s q e ex Et r uria maxime c c i t i
u ,
S o ll e m n e s d e i d e a . n
annui ma se r e ludi Romani m g iq e va r ie appel

u ,
a n u
l o lati . A b e d e m rege e t circa forum p i t i aedi

o r va s
fican d divisa sunt loca ; porticus t b e

a e
q e f t e
/ a rn a u ac a
XXX V I M uro quoqu e lapideo c i c m d e u b e m

. r u ar r
pa ra b t cum
a S b,
i m bellum c o e t is
p a i t e rv e it
nu n n .
A d e q u e ea subita res fuit

o t prius A i e e m tran i ,
u n n s
r ent ho tes quam bvi m ire ac p o h ib e e e e it s

s O a r r x rc u
2 Romanus posset It q e t e p i d t m Romae est e t

. a u r a u ,
primo dubia ictoria magna t ri m q e e d e pugna

V u u ca
tum est R e d t is d e i d e in castra h s t i m c o p iis

. uc n o u
d t q e spatio R omanis ad c o m p
a o u d m de integro a ra n u
bellum T rq i i s e q it e m maxime suis d e e s s e

,
a u n u ,
u
v i ib
r s r atus
u ad Ramnes T i t ie s e s Luceres quas
, ,
n , ,
centurias Romulus s c ip s e t d d e e alias c o s t it it r ra ,

a r n u
3 s o q e insignes r elinque r e nomine 7 Id quia inang

u u a
rato Romulus fe c e t negare A t t N i i c l it s ra ,

us a v u s, n u
ea tempestate augu r neque mutari neque novum ,
4 constitui nisi aves d d i i s s e t po e E e o ira

,
a x n ,
ss . x
regi mota e l d e s q e artem t fe r t A g e d m

,
u n u ,
u un , u ,
i q it
n u divine tu inaugura fi e i e p o s s it quod unc
, ,
r n , n
ego mente i p io C m ille augurio

c on c 1 r em ex
. u
pertus p o fe c t o f turam d i is s e t A t qu i hoc a n imo

r u x ,
1
a u
gu ri o Tan . F a b er : in au
gu ri o n .
LI VY
agitavi i qu it ”
n
“te
o v c u l a cotem d i s i s s u r m ; n a c u
, ,
cape haec e t p e g e quod aves tuae fi e i posse p o r ra r
te d n tun Tum il l m haud c c t t e d is c id is s e

. u un an r
5 cotem fe ru t S tatua A tti capite velato quo in loco

n .
,
r es acta est in c o m i t io in gra d i b s i p s is ad l e m

,
u a va
curiae fuit ; cotem q uoque e o d e m l o c o sitam fuisse

m e m o n t u t esset ad p o s t e o s m i c l i eius monu
ra ,
r ra u
6 mentum Au g s
. ce r te s c e d o t io q u e u g u ru m
u rn a r a
tantus h o n o s accessit u t nihil belli d o m iqu e postea

n isi auspicat o g e e e t u r concilia populi e e c it u s r r , , x r
vocati summa rerum ubi aves no n d m i s is s e n t diri

, ,
a ,
7 m e en t r Nequ e tum T rq i iu s de e q it u m cen

ur . a u n u
t u iirs q u i q u m m u t c i t ; n umero aalte r um tantum 1 av
a d i e c i t u t mille e t c t i g e t i equites in t r ibus ce n

,
o n n
8 t ur iis e s s e t P osteri or es modo sub u s d e m n o mini

n .
bus qui additi e t appellati su n t ; quas n u n c quia

,
ra n , ,
m i tnae sunt sex a o t centu r ias v can

g e ,
.
XXX V I I Hac parte o p i m a n eta iterum cum

. c a ru
S b i i s c o flig i t
a n S e d p e t e q m quod i ib s
n ur . ra r ua v r u
c e e
r v t Romanus e e c i t u s ex occulto etiam additur
ra x r ,
dolus missi qui m g m vim l ig o ru m i n A n ie is

,
s a na n , n
r ipa i c e t e m d t m in flumen c o ic e e t ; ve n
a n ,
ar en e n r n
toque i t e accensa ligna e t p l e a q u e

u v an t ib s 2
1n r ra u
pacta s u b l i i s q e cum h e re e t pontem i c e d t

3
c u a r n ,
n n un
lt 1
m t a t m L ip i t t m l t ru m 0
e ru an u s us : an u a e .
2
ra t i b u s M 1 G r on o v . : in ra t i b u s Q .
3
sub h c i s q u e G r o n ov sub l ic i s -
. : ( or i 1s ) 0 .
BOO K 1 . x x x v r. 4
— x x v 11
x . 1
what I was thinking of that you S hould cleave a ,
whetstone with a razor Take them and accomplish .

,
what your birds declare is po sible ! W hereupon s

”
,
they say the augur without a ign o f hesitatio cut

, ,
S n,
the whetst on e i n tw o The r e wa s a statue of A t t u s

.
sta n di ng with his he a d c o ve r ed o n the S pot whe r e

, ,
the thing was done in the comitium even at th e , ,
steps on the left o f the senate house tradition adds -
that the wh etstone also was depo ited in the same s
pl ace to be a memorial of that miracle to posterity

,
.
Howeve r this may be auguries and the augural ,
priesthood so increased in honou r that nothing was

aft e r wards done in the field or at home unles th e
, ,
s
auspices had first been taken : popula r assemblies ,
m s t e i g s of the army acts f supreme importance

u r n , o
—all were put ff when the birds re fused th eir consent
O .
N either d id T q i i s at that time make any change

ar u n u
in the organization f the centuries Of knights Thei r

o .
numerical strength h e doubled so that the r e were ,
now eighteen hundred knights in th r ee centuries , .
But though enrolled unde r the old names the new

“
men were called the secondary knights and the ,
centuries a r e now because doubled known as the

, ,
“ i centuries
s x .
X X X V I I W hen this arm o f the service had been

.
enlarged a seco d battle was fought with th e S abines

,
n .
A d in this besides being inc r eased in strength the

n , ,
Roma n army was further helped by a stratagem ,
f ormen were secretly dispatched to light a great

quantity o f firewood lying o n the bank o f the A nio ,
and thr o w it int o the river A favouring wi n d set .
the w o od in a blaze and th e greater part of it lodged

,
against the boats and piles whe r e it stuck fast and ,

2 Ea qu o qu e r es i n pugna terrorem t t l it S b in is e t a u a ,
f is eadem f g m impedit m l t iq e mortal es cum

us
1 u a u u ,
bostem e ff gis s e t in flumine ipso p e ie re ; qu orum

u n ,
r
flu it ti
an arma ad b e m cognita i n Tiberi prius
a ur
p ae e n quam t i i posset n uni si

g e m i
ar c t o i m n n v r a
3 fe e re
c Eo p o e l io p r e i p
. r e
q i t m gloria afuit ;
c ua u u
u t im r
q e ab
u c i b s positos cum
o rn iam pue l l e re t u r ,
media p e d it m snorum acies ita i u r is s e ab lateri

u ,
nc r
bus f t u t non s i s t e e t modo S abinas l egi o nes

e ru n ,
r n
fe ro it e instantes c e d e t i b u s sed subito i n fu ga m

c r n ,
4 ave te e t
r r M o ntes e ff o cursu S abini p e t e b t e t
n . us an ,
pauci ten er s ; maxima pa rs t ante dictum est ab

n ,
u ,
5 e q i t i b s in fl umen acti sunt

u u T q i i s in s t d um . ar u n u an
p e te r i t i
rrs ratus p eda c
p t i is q e R o m a m missis
,
ra a v u ,
S p l iis
o h o s t i m — i d votum V olcano e r at ingenti
u m —
cumulo e s is acc
p ge i t por
n r o in ,g u m S r b i m a r a nu
6 e ex it m induce r e
rc u e t quamquam male gesta r es
erat nec ge s t o s melius perare p o t e r t t m e

ur s an ,
a n,
quia c o s u l e d i res non dabat spatium i r e obviam

n n ,
S abini tumultuario milite i t e m q e ibi fusi p e rd it is ru u
iam prope rebus pacem p e t i e e r .
XXX V I I I C o l l t i e t q u id qu id cit r a C o ll t i m
. a a a a
agri erat S b i is a d e m p t m ; Eg e s — f a t ris hic

a n u ri u r
1 et fu s is J a e . Gr o n o v . : e ffu s i s a .
fil iu s erat regis — C o l l a t ia e in p ra e s i d io re l ic t u s .
De d it o s qu e ita c ip io e m q u e dedi
C o ll a t in o s a c a
2 t i o i s form la m
n esse ; rex i t e o g v it : Es t is e
u
“ n rr a n
vos legati o r t e s q e missi a p opulo C ollatino u t

a or u ,
vos p o p u l u m qu e C o ll t i m d e d e e t is ? “ S m s a nu r u u .
Es t e populus C o ll t i
n s in sua potestate ? a nu
Es t De d it is n e v o s p o p u l u m q e C o ll t i u m
. u a n ,
u b em
r agro s aquam t e m i o s delub ra u t e s il i
, , ,
r n , ,
n a,
divina h m a q e omnia in meam p Op u l iqu e Ro

u an u
mani d i i o e m c Dedimus
n A t ego r e c i p io . .
”
3 Bello S abino perfecto T rq u i i s t i m p h s Ro m m a n u r u an a
4 redit I nde F riseis Latinis bellum fecit Ubi nus

. .
quam ad i e s e r ei d im i t io e m vent m est ad

un v r a ca n a ,
singula Oppida c irc m fe e d o arma om n e nome n u r n
Latin u m d o m i t C o r niculum u Fi c u l e
. V etus ,
a ,
C ameria C rustume ,
r ium A m e i o l M ed l l i 1 No
,
r a, u a,
mentum — haec de Friseis Latinis aut qui ad Latin o s

d e fe c e r n t capta O ppida a P d e i d e est facta . ax n .
5 M aio r e inde animo pacis pera i c o h t q am O n a a u
quanta mole g e s s e t b ella t n o n q ie t io r populus ra ,

u u
6 domi esset quam m il it i e f is s e t ; n am e t muro lapi a u
deo cuius exordium O peris S abino bello t b t u m

,
ur a
e r at u rb e m qua o d m m n ie t cingere parat e t

,
n n u u ra ,
i fim
n urbis loca circa forum l i s q e i t e rie c t s
a a a u n a
c l l ib
o s o v ll e s
u q uia
c ex n pal i s locis haud facil e
,
an
e veh eb t aquas c l o c i s
an
2
fa tigio in T ib e rim d c t is
,
a s u
M d l l i A ld m d ll Q
1
e u a . : e u a .
2
q a l i RD g
u as aq
c oac s ( aq a ’
Z ‘
q : ua se or u se or a u as e
l
c oac si Q .
BOOK 1 . x x x vm . 1 -6
t hem and Ege ri s the son o f th e king s broth er was

,
u ,
’
left in the tow n with a ga r rison The sur r ende r of .
the C o ll t i i t o ok place I u nderstand in accordance

a n , ,
with this fo rmula : the king asked A e you t h e “ r

,
leg a tes and spokesme n S e nt by the P eople o f C o ll a t i a

t o su rr e n de r yourselves and the P eople o f C o ll a t i a ?
We ar e IS the P e o ple of C o ll a t i a its o w n mas
.
”
te r ? It is D o you su rr e n de r yours e lves a n d

.
”
the P e ople of C o ll a t i a city lan d s w a te r boundary

, , , ,
marks S hrines ute n sils a ll a pp te n a n ces di vi n e a d

, , , ur , n
h m an i n t o my p o we r and that f the Roman P eople ?

”
u ,
o
We d o “.I r eceive the surrender

”
Upo n t h e .
”
conclusio n of the S abine wa r T q i iu s r etu r ned to ar u n
Rome and triumphed H e then made war against .
the A ncient Latins I n this campaign the r e was no.
gene r al e n gagement at any point but the king led ,
his a rmy from one town to an othe r until h e had

subdued the enti r e Latin race C o rniculum Fi c u l e a .
,
V etus C ame r ia C r ustumerium A m e ri ol

, ,
M e d u ll i , a, a,
an d No m e t u m — these we r e th e t o wns which we r e

n
captured fro m the A n cient Latins or from those who ,
had go n e o ve r to th e Latins P eace was then made . .
From that moment th e king devoted himself t o

peace ful undertakings with an enthusiasm which was
even greate r than the e fforts he had expended in
waging war so that there was n o m o re r e t fo t h e
,
s r
people at h o me than there had bee n in the field .
For he set to work to encircle the hithe rt o u fo rt i n
fi e d pa rt s o f the C ity wi th a sto n e wall a t a sk which ,
had bee n i nterrupted by th e S a bi n e wa ; a n d he r
drained the l o west p a rts of the C ity about the Fo r um , ,
a n d the o th e r valleys betwee n the hills wh i ch were ,
to o fl at t o ca rr y o ff the fl o o d -waters easily by me a n s ,
of sewe r s S O m a de as t o sl op e d o w n t o war d t h e Tibe r .
I3 7
LI V Y
7 S ic c a t , arcam ad e d e m in C apitolio Iovis quam
et a
,
v ov e t bello S abino iam p

ra e s g i e n t e animo futu
,
ra a
r am lim m p l it d i e m loci o c u p t fu n d m e t is
O a u n c a a n .
XXXIX E temp or e in regia p o d ig i m visu 1

. O r u
e e t q e mirabile fuit
v n u u P ue r o do r mienti cui S ervio .
,
Tullio fuit nomen caput arsisse fe t m l t ru m in

2
,
ru n u o
2 c on s e tu
p Pclurimo igitu
. r clamore inde ad t t an ae
r ei m i l m o rto e
ra c u u it o reges e t cum quidam x c s ,
f m il i i m aq am ad e s t i gu e d u m fe r ret ab re
a ar u u r n n
,
gina re t e t m s e d t o qu e eam t m l t m e i vetu

n u ,
a u u u ov r
isse p u e m donec sua S ponte e x p e re t s esset

ru r c u .
3 M o cum somno e t flammam bisse

x Tum a b d c t a . u o
“
in secretum vi r o Tanaquil Viden tu p e m h c 3
u ru un
, ,
i q it
n u quem tam h m il i l t u e d c m u s ? S cire
,
u cu u a
licet h c lumen quondam rebus o s t ris dub s

un n u
futurum p e s i d i m q e g
rai e d fli ut e ; p r o i u de re a a c a n
m t e i m i g e t i s publice p i
a r a n t im q e d e c o ri s om i
n r va u n
4 i d l g e t i nostra
n u n t i mus
a Inde p u e m liberum
nu r a . ru
loco o e p t u m haberi e d i iq e t ib
c quibus i
,
ru r u ar u s, n
genia ad magnae f t e l t m e c it t r E e it or u n a cu u x an u . v n
facil e quod dis cordi esset Iu e is e s it vere . v n va
i d l is e g i e nec c m q
n o r e re re t r gener Tarquinio
a , ,
u ua u ,
i m ua R om e i v e t t i s ulla arte c
an a f eu i n u on rr
q u s
q
5 o t it u fi l i m q e e i suam rex d e s p o d it
a u H ic qua n
p ,
.
c m q e de causa tantus illi ho mos habitus c r edere

u u
vi su
-
Og z u is u m Q .
p ue r o r i ti
d o m e n , c u i Se o T u ll o fu rvi
n o m e n Ill ; i it t h es e
wo r d s a re m is sin g o r c o r r u p te d i n t h e o th er M SS .
3 vi d en M ; : u id e n e D
2 2
u id e s n e n .
LI V Y
p ro h serva
ib e t t m e um
p rv u m
na
q e ipsum
u servisse a u .
E o ru m m agis sententiae sum qui C m l o capto or cu
Se r T l h q u e s in illa u r be fu e
ui r1 n c t g r avidam ra
.
p , p ,
vi r o occiso uxorem cum inte r e l iqu s captivas cog ,

r a
n ita esset 0b i m b il it t e m ab regi n a Romana

, u n ca no a
p h
ro i b i t m fe a t servitio partum
ru n Romae e d id is s e
6 F risei T q i i in domo ; inde tanto b e e fi c i o e t

ar u n
1 n
i nte r m u l ie is f m il i it t e m an o tam e t p e u m u t
'
r a ar a u r ,
in domo a parvo e d c t u m in c rit a t e atque honore u ,

a
fuisse ; fo t m matris qu o d capta patria i n hos

r una ,
tium ma n us e e it u t serva natus c re d e e t u r fe

v n r ,
r
cisse .
X L D o d e qu d r g e s im o fe rme anno ex quo r eg

. u a a ,
n are o e p e t T qu i iu s n o n apud r egem modo

c ra ar n ,
sed apud pat r es p l e b e m q e longe maximo ho n ore u
2 Se r .Tullius erat Tum A nci fil n du o etsi antea

.
,
sempe r pro i d ig is s im o h b e n t se patrio regno

n n a u ra
tutoris fraude pulsos r egnare Romae a d v e m n o ,

na n
modo i i e sed n e It l i e quidem sti rpis tum

v c na ,
a ca ,
i m p e s iu s i i s i d ig it a s c r escere si
n n e ab Tarquinio
n ,
n
3 quidem ad se e d i e t regnum sed p e e p s inde

r r ,
ra c
por r o ad s e it i c d e e t t in eadem civitate post

rv a a r ,
u
c e t e s im
n m fere annum q od
u
2
Romulus deo pro u ,
g nat s u deus ipse t e u e i t r eg n um , donec i n ter

n r isr
1
in d o m o g : d o m o Q “
.
2
q u o d M a d vi g u am Q q .
BOO K 1 . xxx 1 x .
5
—x L .
3
his mother was a S lave and that he himself had been

in a state o f servitude as a child I am rather o f .
the Opinion o f those who say that o n the capture of ,
C orniculum when S e r vius Tullius th e chief man of

, ,
that city had been slain his wi fe who was g r eat

, , ,
with child had been recognized amongst the othe r

,
captive women and on th e sc o re of he r unique n o

,
b i l it y had been rescued from S lavery by the Roman

queen and had brought forth her child at Rome in
,
the house of P ri o s T q i i ; in the sequel thiss n ar u n us
act o f gene rosity led to a growing intimacy between

the women and the boy as one r ear ed from
, ,
childhood in the palace was held in a fle c t io and ,

’
este e m ; it was his mothe r s misfortune who by t h e ’
captu r e of he r n ative town came into th e powe r of

its enemies which gave rise to the belief that S e r vius
,
was bo r n of a S lave woman .
X L It was now about thirty -eigh t yea r s S ince

.
T q i i s had begun to r eign and n ot only the

ar u n u ,
king but the Fath ers and th e commons t o o held

, ,
S ervius Tullius in the very highest honour Now .
the tw o sons of A c u s had always considered it a n
great outrage that they had been ousted from thei r

father s kingship by the crime of thei r guardian
’
and that Rome should be rul ed by a stranger whose

descent w s derived from a race not only r emote
a
but actually n ot even Italian But their indignation .
Was va tly i n creased by th e prospect that even a fte

s r
T q u i i s death the sove r eignty w o uld n ot r evert

’
ar n u
to th e m but plungi n g down to yet baser depths

, , ,
would fall int o th e hand s o f slaves ; so that where ,
a hundred years be fore Romul us a god s son and , ,

’
himself a god had borne sway S O long as h e re

, ,
mained on ear th in that sel f-same state a slave and

,
LI V Y
fue rit id se r vus se r va n atus p s s id e t C u m com
, o a .
mune Roma n i ominis tum p e c ip e id domus s u e n ra u a
d e d e s for e S i A nci r egis virili stirpe sal va no n

cu ,
mod o d e is sed servis etiam r egnum Romae pate

a v n ,
4 r et Fer ro igitu r eam a rc e e c o t m e l i m s t t u t

. r n u a a un .
S e d e t i i i e dolo r in T q i i m ipsum magis

n ur a ar u n u
quam i S e i m eos s t i m l b t e t qu i a g i r
n rv u u a a ,
ra v o
ulto r c e d is S i s p e e s s e t rex f t s erat quam

a ,
u r ,
u u ru
p ri vat us tum S ,
ervi o occiso q em m q ue alium u cu
e e
n m d e l e gi s s e t e u ndem r egni h e e d e m f c t u
ru s r a ru
g
5 v id e b t r ob haec ipsi r egi i s i d i e p r
a u ,
t r E n a a an u . x
as t o ri b s duo fe o c i s s i m i d e l e t i ad f
u ir s q u ibus c ac n u
p ,
c o nsueti e t u t e q e g e s t ib s fe r m e t is in
ra n r u a r u r a n ,
vestibulo re gi e quam p o t u e e t u m l t o s is s im e specie

a r u u
ri x a e in se omnes p p rit o e s r egios c o e rt u t ; a a r nv n
inde cum ambo regem pp e l l e t c l m q e c o r um

,
a ar n a or u
penit a s in r egiam p e v e is s e t vocati ad rege m pe r r n ,
6 gunt P rimo u t e q e
. o c i fe ra ri e t c e rt t i m
r ualte r v a
alte r i o b s t re p e e c o e c it i ab l ic t o e e t iussi in v ic e m
r r r
dice r e tandem o b l o q i d e s is t u t ; unus r em ex com u n
7 po ito o d i t u
s D m i t e t s i n c u m se r ex t o t s
r r . u n n u u
av e te et r alter e l t m s e c u im i n caput d e ie c it
r ,
a a r
,
re l i t q e i n
c o o l e e telo amb o se foras e i i
u v n r t c un .
X L I T rq u i i m m o ri b u d u m cum qui ci r ca e
. a n u t n ra n
LI V Y
e x c e p is s e n t , ill o s fu gi e n t e s l i c t o re s c om
p re h e n dunt .
C lamo r inde q e p o puli c o n c u rs u s quid u ,

m i ra n t i u m 1
r ei esset Tan aquil inter t m l t m l d i r egiam

. u u u c au
i b et
u ,b it s e i i t
ar
2
S imul quae curando
ro c . l e i vo n r
o pus sunt tamquam spes s b e s e t sedul o o p t

,
u s , c n a ra ,
simul Si d t it t spes alia praesidia m l it

,
es ua S ,
o ur . er
vio p r opere it cum pa c e e acc

g o
e m vi r um u x sa n u
o st e d i s t
n d e t m tene s o r at
s e ,
x i
ra l t m mor n ne nu a
tem s e i me soc r um i im i i l udibrio esse S inat

oc r ,
n c s .
3 “ Tu m est i q it S ervi S i vi r es r egnum non

u
”
n u
, , , , ,
c o r um qui l ie i m i b s pessimum f i
a n s s fean e u ac n u cer .
Erige te d s q e duces s e q e e qui l

eo u m hoc fore u r ,
c a ru
caput divino quondam i m f s i gni p t e d t c rc u u o or n e ru n .
Nunc te illa c e l e s t is e it t flamma n u n c e p e gi

a x c e ,
x r
Se c r e vere Et n os peregrini e g
. i m u s ; qui sis r n av ,
no n n d e n atus S is r eputa S i tua r e subita consilia

u ,
.
4 torpent at tu mea consilia s e q

,
C m clamor u e re . u
im p e t m
us l t i t d
ue i i s vix st i u i posset u ex supen su ner
q ,
i e pa r te
r or edi m pe r fenestras in N m viam
a u ov a
ve r sas — h b i t b t enim r ex ad Iovis S t t iS — p p

3 a a a a or o u
5 l um Tanaquil d l q it I b e t bon o anim o esse

a o u ur . u
s p i t m fuisse r egem subito i t

o u ; fe rr um haud alte c u
in co rp s descendisse ; iam ad se redisse ; i s p e t m

u n c u
1
m i ra n t i u m g m iran t u m ( or m ir a n d u m ) n .
2 -
e ic i t R g z s c c t Q i i . vra e s s u e rs u s Q .
BOO K 1 . X LI . 1 -
5
up in th e arms of the bystande rs whe n the fugitives

were eized by the lictors Then there was an uproar
s .
,
as crowds hurried to the scene asking one another ,
in amazement what the matte r was I n the mid t . s
o f the tumult Tanaquil gave orders t o close th e

palace and ej ected all witnesses S h e busily got
,
.
together the remedies needful fo healing a wound r ,
as i f there were still hope taking at the same time ,
othe r measures to protect her elf in case he r hope s
should fail he r Having hastily summoned S ervius

.
,
she showed him her husband s nearly lifeless body ’
and g p g his right hand besought him not t

ra s ln ,
o
su ffer the death of his father-i law to go n- un
pu ished n or his mother -i -law to bec ome a j e s t to

n ,
n
her enemies To you S ervius sh e cried if you “

.
, , ,
are a man belongs this kingdom not to those who

, ,
by the han ds of others have committed a dastardly

crime A rouse yourself and follo w the g idance o f
. u
the gods who once declared by the token of divine

,
fi e poured out upon this head that you should be a

r
famous man No w is the time fo that heaven se n t

. r -
flame to quicken you ! N o w wake in earnest ! W e ,
too were foreigners yet we reigned C onsider what

, , .
you are not whence you were born If y o u r own

,
.
counsels are benumbed in this sudden crisis at lea t ,

s
use mine W hen the shouti g and pushing of the

. n
crowd could hardly be withstood Tanaquil we n t u p ,
into t h e uppe r st o rey o f the house and th ro ugh a ,
window lo o king out p o n the Nova Vi — f the u a or
ki g lived nea r the temple of Jupite r th e S tayer

n
addressed the populace S h e bade them be o f g o od

.
cheer : the king had been stu n ned by a sudden blow ;

the steel had not sunk deep into his body ; h e had
already r ec o vered consci o us n ess ; the bl oo d had bee n
L IV Y
v ol n u s c r uore ; omnia alubria esse ; c o fi

a b s t e rs o s n
dere prope diem ipsum eos is r s ; interim S e v u o r .
Tullio i h ere populum dicto d i e t e m esse ; e u m

n au n
iura re d d it m b it m q e alia regis munia esse

u ru o u ru u .
6 S erviu cum trabea t l i t o ib s p d it ac sede regia

s e c r u ro
s e d e s alia d e c e
n it de l ii s c o s l trn m se r egem ,
a n u u ru
esse s im u l t It q e per aliquot dies cum iam ex

a . a u ,
s pi sse t T i i s celata morte per s e i e m

ar u n u l i c a
ra
q p , e e na
f g e d e vicis suas o pes fi m

un n a it Tum d e m m r av . u
palam factum est o m p l o t io e in regia orta S e

1 c ra n . r
vi s e s id i o fi m o munit s prim s iniussu populi

ra r u
u
p u
7 voluntate patrum e g i t A nci liberi iam tum r n av .

,
c m
o
p i
e s s
r
2 ns e l e is m i i s t i s c t vivere r r egem et n r u
tantas esse opes S e r vi t i t u m est S u e s s m P ome nun a ,

a
tia m e s l t m i e t
x u a u ra n .
X LI I N e c iam p b l i is magis c s il s S ervius

. u c on ii
1 76—2 2 0
quam p t s m m e opes e t o q l s A a l be
ri v a i u r ,
n ,
ua i n i
r um animus adver us T q i i m f e t talis d e s ar u n u u ra ,

a v r
sus se T q i i liber m esset d as fi li s i u v e i b s

ar u n u ,
u a n u
2 r e ii s
g Lucio
,
atq e A u t i T q i i
u i i u
g i t ; nec rr n ar u n s, n
r upit tame m fati e c e s s it t e m h m i s c s il iis qui n

n a u an on ,
invidia regni etiam inte r d o m e t i s i fid omnia s co n a
atqu e infesta f c e re t P e ro p p o t u e ad p ra e s e t is
a . r n n
1
est g et 0
'
.
2 —A l d
c o m p re n s is s . : c om ( or p re s s is or c u m
c on c o rn ( or
con p re n s is ( o r -p r e s s 1s ) or c u m c o m p re h e n s is Q .
LI V Y
quietem status bellum cum iam enim V e i e n t ib u s—
3 i d u t i e e i e a n t — l i i s q e Et ru s c i s
n a x rm pt m In a u su u .
e o bello e t virtus e t fortuna e i t it Tulli ; f s e n u o

q u u
ingenti h s t iu m e e it haud dubius r ex seu p

o x rc u a
trum seu p l e b is i m o s p e i l i t e t Ko mam re d iit an r c ar u r, .
4 A d g e d it u q e inde ad pacis longe maximum opus

r r u ,
ut e m d m o d m Numa divini auctor iu r is f i s s e t

a u u
q u ,
ita S e i m c o d it o e m o m is in civitate d is c im i is
rv u n r n r n
o dir m q u e quibus inte r gradus d ig i t t i s fo t

nu n a r u
5 n ae
q e aliquid iu t e l c e t poste r i fama ferrentn C r u
e n , .
sum enim i s t it it rem s l b e rim m tanto futuro

n u ,
a u r a
imperio ex quo belli p i q e munia non i it im t

,
ac s u v r ,
u
ante sed p r o habitu p e c i m fi e re t ; tum classes

,
u n a ru n
ce tu i s
n
q e et h n c o di em
r a u ex censu d i s i pus i t 1 r n cr ,
vel paci decorum vel bello XLI I I E ii s qui 2 . . x ,
centum milium a e is aut m io e m e s m h b e re n t r a r c n u a
1
d i s c ri p s i t R d e s c ri p s i t Q .
2
u s A ld . : h is 0 .
rh
r r
P e a p s a e fe e n c e t o t h e
1 h r und ed y ea s uce r tr with
’
R o m u lu s ( xv iv t
fo r L y h a s n o t m e n io n e d a n y wa r
. with
ii i t rv th h
V e in t h e n e a l ou gi o n e i s m p l ie d i n t h e s a e m e n
. tt t
( xxxi i th t
i 9 ) a
. t h e V e i rr
e n t ers s u e n d e e d t h e M a e s ia n F o e s t , r
ri
i n t h e e gn o f A n c u s .
2 r i ti ri
T h e o ga n s a o n n o w t o b e d e s c b e d wa s p m a r ly ri i
i i r h ti tr h
d e s gn e d t o n c e a s e t h e fi g n
g s e n gt of R om e For .
r
m e ly t h e ri h t
g r r
t o b ea a m s h a d b elon e d s olel
g y t o th e
p a tri i
c an s N i . wr
o w p leb e a n s iv
e e to b e g en a
p l a c e in t h e
r whi h
a my, c r i r i
wa s t o b e e c l a s s fi e d a c c o d n g t o e e y m a n s
’
vr
p p r rt
o e y ,
i e h ii . vi h i
s a b il t y t o p r o
. d e m s e lf a m o e o r l e s s r
t q i
c om ple e e u p m en t fo r t h e fi e ldi S e e D o n H a l i v 1 6—2 1 . . . .
C i c R ep . ii 39 . . .
1 48
BOO K I X LII . . 2 —x u u . 1
of the existing state of things was a wa r which was

underta ken against the people o f V eii — f the or
truce had n ow r un o ut— and the othe r Etruscans

1
.
I this wa r the bravery and good fortune o f Tullius

n
were conspicuous ; and when h e had utterl y de

feated the vast a rmy of his enemies he found on ,
r eturning to Rome that his title to the kingship was

n o longe r questioned wh eth er h e tested the feeling ,
o f the Fathe r s o r that of the commons He then .
addressed himself t o what is by f the most im ar
portant work o f peace : as Numa had established

religious law s o S ervius intended that posterity ,
should celebrate himsel f as the o riginato r of l l a
distinctions among the citizens and of the orde r s ,
which clearly di fferentiate the various g rades of r an k

and fo rtune Fo r he instituted the census a most
.
,
2
useful thing fo r a government destined to such wide

dominion since it would enabl e the burdens of wa r
,
and peace to be bo rn e no t indiscriminately as here ,
tofore but in propo rtio n to men wealth H e then

,
’
s .
distributed the people into cl a ses and centuries s
according to the following scale which was based ,
upon the census and was suitable eithe r fo r peace or

wa r : XLI I I O u t o f thos e who had a rating of a .
hundred th o usand asses o r m o re he made eighty

3
C p it l
3
at i m a Th,
w no ri gi l ly d
n co f e . e as as o na a ro o
co pp r f t l
e ga d d ivi d d i t tw l v i h
oo on ( ani ) e n o e e nc es unc a e .
S m ti m d ri g t h
o e r g l p ri d w i gh t w
e u n b tit t d e e a e o e as su s u e
for m r i ppr i i g th
ea s u e d it b g
n a t b t mp d
a s n e as , an e an o e s a e
with t h fi g r f e wh i h w t hu e r f t h L ti
o an ox , c as e sou ce o e a n
na m f m
e y ori p i F m b i g
on e f ll p
,
v d
z . ecu n a . ro e n a u ou n
th w gr d l ly r d
e as as d ti ll i t h S
a d P
ua i W e u ce , ,
n e e con un c a r,
it m t w i gh
ca e ly o eW h t it v l m y h v on on e ou n c e . a s a ue a a e
been i t h ti mn f S rvi e i h igh ly p l tiv q ti

e o e us s a s ecu a e u es on .
See th t i t h d iti
e no f B k I b y H J Ed ward
e n e e on o oo . . . s
( pp . 1 79 if ) .
LI V Y
o cto
g i n ta centurias qu d ge s s e io u m
c o n fe c it ,
a ra na n r
2 ac i io u m ; prima l classis o mnes appellati ; seniores

un r
ad urbis custodiam u t praesto e s s e t i e e s u t foris n ,

uv n
bella g e e re t A rma his imperata galea c l ip e m

r n .
, u ,
ocreae lo r ica omnia ex aere haec t tegumenta

, , , u
corporis e s s e t ; tela in bostem h t q e e t gladius

n as a u .
3 A d d it e huic classi dua c f b

a m e t u i e quae sine a ru c n r a ,
armis stipendia f e e t ; datum munus u t machinas ac r n
4 in bello f e e t 2
S ecunda classis int r a centum
ac r n .
usque ad quinque e t septuaginta milium c e n s m u
instit u ta e t ex s s e i ib s i io ib s q e ig i t i
,
11 ,
n or u un r u u ,
v n
co ip t e c e t
n scr i e a A rma imperata scutum pro
n ur a .
clipeo e t praete r l i m o mnia eadem T e t i e or ca . r a
classis 3 q i q gi t milium e s u m esse o l u it ;

u n ua n a
4
c n v
totidem e t i e e t h e e o d e m qu e discri mine

c
f
n ur a a
’
ae t ti m f t e
a u Nec de arm s qu i c qu m m u t t u m
ac a . i a a ,
6 oc r eae ta n tum d e m p t e In quar ta cla se census a a . s
quinque e t v igi t i milium ; totidem c e t u ri e f c t a e ;

n n a a
arma mutata nihi l praeter bastam e t verutum da

,
7 t rn Quinta classis c t ; e t i e t i gi t a f t e ;
u . au a c n ur a r n ac a
fundas l p id e s q e missil es hi secum g e b t H i

a e u 6 r an . s
ac c e si n i i e s t b i i e sq e
c o rn c n
7
in duas centurias
8
u c n u ,
d is t i b t i U d e im m il ib u s haec cla sis c e s e b t

r u . n c s n a u r.
8 Hoc mino r census e l iqu m m l t it d i e m habuit ; r a u u n
inde una centuria facta est im m u is militia l t n . a
p ri m a g
-F s ri m R p ri m Q
: p e o .
fa c e re n t L ip i f rr t Q
s us : e en .
ter ti l i g t rti l a i fl
ae c a ss s
- z e a c ss s .
q u i q
n uag i t S nb i a i q i q g t fl
oi na n u n ua n a .
h ae h 0 aec hi l . P i m i 6
s ac . er z o
'
us n h is 0 .
tu bi ic n esq uet ib i i q Q c n es ue .
d u as S ig i ( f Di
on u s H l iv 1 7 3 ) tr
c . on . a . .
, es n .
LI V Y
pedestri o rn at o d is t ib u t o qu e e qu it u m ex
e x e rc it u r
9 p i m o i b s civitatis d o d e c i m scripsit centurias

r r u Se
u . x
item alias centu rias t r ibus ab Romulo i s t it u t is sub ,

n ,
n s d e m quibus i t e er t m i i b s fecit A d a
u
g na u ra an no n u .
eq s e m e d o s dena milia acris ex publico data e t

uo n
,
quibus e q o s l e e t id u e t t ib u t a e quae bina

u a r n ,
v a a r ,
milia a c ris in an os s i gu l o s p d e re t Haec omnia

u n en n .
in dites a p p e ib s inclinata onera De i d e est

au r u . n
b onos a d d it s ; no n e n im u t ab Romul o t a d it m ,
u r u
c ete i s e r
r e n t r eges
v av i i t im s u ff g iu m eadem vi
ra ,
v r ra
e odem e iure o m is e omnibus datum

r est sed c
q u
p ,
gradus facti u t neque e c l s u s q is q m s u fi gi

,
x u u ua
’
ra o
vid e e t r e t vis m is pe n es primores civitatis esset

r u o n .
Equites enim o b t u primi ; o c t o gi t

v ca inde p ri
an r n a
mae c l as is c e t u ri e ; ibi si
s
1
n i e t qu o d r aro in
a v ar ar ,
c id e b a t i s t i t u t m u t
,
n
z
sec d e classis o c e t
u un a v ar n u r,
nec fe r e u q a in ra itam f n d eus c e d e t 3

t ad i fi n ru n ,
u n
mos p e r e i e t Nec mirari o p o t e t hune o rd i e m

v n r n . r n ,
qui n nc est post e p l e t s quinque e t t ig n t a tribus

u x a r i
duplicat o e r m numer o e t r s u n i o u m senior

a u c n u n i r
u mq e u d i s t it t m ab S e r Tullio s u m m m non
,
a
4
n u a . a
convenire Q u d if i m enim urbe d s a r egioni

. a r ar a 1v 1
bu s o l l ib u s qu e qui h b it a b t u partes eas tribus

c a an r,
1
t
cen i -
ib i g
u r ae t i p ri m m p d it m
z cen b t ru r ae u e u u o ca an u
ib i n .
i n c id e b a t , i n s t i t u t u m u t N o v a lc i n c id e b a t
'
2
u t a .
3
d e s c e n d e ru n t d e s c e n d e re n t a
—z s o ( or s e s e , o r s e d ) a d a
.
4
ad s .
BOO K I X L II . I . 8 —1 3
equipment and distributi o n o f the in fant ry had be e n

thu provided fo S ervius enrolled twelve centuries
s r,
o f knights out f the leadi g men f the state

o He n o .
likewise formed six other centuries — th r ee had

bee n instituted by R o mu l us — employi g the s am e n
names which had been hallowed to thei r use by

augu ry For th e purchase o f horses they were i
. a '
lowed ten thousand asses each from the state trea ury s ,
and fo th e maintenance f t h ese horses unmarried

r o
women were designated who had to pay tw o thousand

,
asses each every y e a r A l l these burdens were shi fted

, .
from th e shoulders of the p o o r to those o f th e rich .
The latter were then g r anted s pecial privileges : fo r

manhood su ffrage implying equality o f p o we r and
,
o f rights was n o longer given promiscuously to all

, ,
as had bee n the p ractice handed down by Romulus

and obse r ved by all the other kings ; but g r adations
we r e int ro duced so that o stensibly no one should be
,
excluded from the su ffrage and yet the power should ,
rest with th e leadi g citize s For the knight s we re

n n .
called upon to vote first ; then the eighty centuries

of the fir t class : if th ere we r e a ny disag r eemen t
s
there which rarely happened it was provided that

, ,
t h e c enturies o f the second class should be called ;

and they almost neve r desce ded so f as to r each n ar
the lowest citizens Nor o ght it to cause any surpris e

. u
that the pre ent organization which exist since th e

s , s
increase f the tribes t o thirty fi e and the doubling

o - v
,
o f thei r number n the matte r of the j unior and

i
senio r centuries d o es not correspond with th e total

,
esta blish ed by S ervius Tullius For having divided .

,
t h e C ity according to its i habited region s and hillsn

“
into fou r parts h e n amed th em t r ibes w or d ”
a
, ,
LI V Y
a
pp ego a b it ro r ab tributo ; nam eius quo
e ll a v i t , u t r ,
que e q l it e r ex censu c o fe e n d i ab e o d e m inita

a ua n r
ratio est ; neque e e tribus ad c e t i m d is t rib u a n u r a ru
t io n e m n u m e ru m
q ue
q u ic
q u am
p e rt i n u e re .
XLI V C e n u pe r fecto quem m a t v e r t metu

. s ,
u ra a
legis de i c e s is latae cum v i c l o ru m minis mortis

n n n u
que e d i it u t omnes cives Romani equites p e d it e s

,
x , ,
que in suis quisque c e t iis in campo M artio p rima

,
n ur
2 1uce d e ss e t
a Ibi in s t t m e e c it u m o m n e m
n . ru c u x r
su o e t v i l i b s
au r
l l st it ; i d qu e c o d i t m lustru m
u u ra v n u
a
pp e l l t um a qu a S
2
censendo ,
fi n is factus est
i I M ilia .
o to i t
c
g neo lust r
a o ci i m censa d i u ntu ; a d i it v u c r c
s c ri p t o u m a t i u i s s im
r
q s Fabius n P ictor c o rum qui u
3 a r ma ferre p s e t c m u m e r m fuisse
o s nA d eam u n u .
m l t it d i e m urbs qu o que
u u n m p li fi c a d visa est a n a .
A ddit duos colle Q i i al e m Vim i l e m q u e ; inde s, u r n na
d e i c e p s auget Es q il i s i b i qu e ipse u t loco d ig i

n u a , ,
n
tas fi e e t habitat A ggere e t fo s s is e t mu r o ci r c m

r ,
. u
4 d t a rb e m ; ita pomerium pro fert

u P ome r iu m ve r bi .
,
vim solam i t e t e s p o s t m o e iu m i t e p e t n t u
n u n ,
r n r r a r
esse ; est autem magis c i c m o e ri m locus quem in r a u ,
c on d e d is u rb ib u s quondam Et u s c i qua m u r um
n r ,
1
s u o v e t a u ri l ib u s R b en a n u s : sue ou e t a u ril i b u s ( or o t h er
c orr up t io n s ) 0 .
2
is G r o n ov zu s ex c od . M u r et z in 0 .
1
T r ib u t a m
“
c om e s r
f o m tr i b u s ( n o t v i ce v er s a , a s L y h a s iv
it ) , wh i h
c m ean o ig in a ll y d pa ,
“
t r ”
” “
b u t los th e th ir rt t
nume ri r
c a l fo c e an d b e c a m e s m p l y pa , d s c , l ke i rt i tri t i
t h e F re n c h q u a r t i er ,
”
c W a ld o c o m p a e s wh i h r .
2 i
D o n i v 1 3 , a n d S a b o , v 3 , 7, m a k e S e
. . tr
s th e fi s . rviu rt
i
t o n c l u d e t h e Es u l n e i n t h e C y q ii
L y a pp e a s t o a e it . iv r h v
LI VY
d u c t u ri ce rtis ci r ca te rminis i n augu rato c o s e
e ra n t , n
c ra b t u t neque interio r e parte

an ,
e d i fi c i a m o e ib s a n u
c on ti e t r quae nunc volgo etiam c o i

n u ar n u , g u n t n un ,
e t e t i s e c u s pu r i aliquid ab humano c l t u p t e re t
x r n u a
5 soli Hoc spatium quod nequ e h ab it ri nequ e a r ari

.
,
a
fas erat n on magis qu o d p o st mu r um esset quam

,
quod mu rus p o st id pome r ium Romani p p e l l ru t ; , a a n
e t in u r bis inc r emento sempe r q u antum m o e i p ro , n a
c e ssu r e r n t tantum te rm i n i hi c o s e c
a a t i profere n ra
bantur .
X L V A u c t a civitate magnitudine u r bis fo rm t i s

.
, a
omnibus d o mi e t ad belli e t ad pacis usus e sempe r ,

n
armis opes a d q i e re t u r consilio augere i mperium

u r n ,
2 conatus est simul e t l iqu o d d d e e urbi decus Iam

,
a a r .
tum erat in c l it u m Dianae Ep h e s ia e fanum ; id com

m un it e r a i it a t ib u s A s i e factum fama fe re b t
c v a a .
B m c o n s e n s u m d e o s q e c o n s o i t o s lauda r e mi r e
u u c a
S ervius inte r p ro ce r es Latino r um cum quibus publice ,
i t i m e h o spitia a m i c it i s e de i n dust r ia i
p r va
q u
q n a u u x
era t S e p e ite r ando eadem p e p u l it ta n dem u t

. a r ,
Romae fa n um Dianae pop u li Latini cum p o pulo

3 Roman o fa c e re n t E e rat confessio caput r erum. a
Roman esse de qu o t o t i e s armis e t t m f e t

i ,
n c r a u u ra .
1
P o m er i u m at r t
fi s m e a n t h e b o u n d a y -l n e t s e lf , en r i it th
the s ptrio f l a n d l e ft f e e r
n th e with i
a l l , a n d fi n a ll
y wa s w
l o o s e ly u s e d of t h e s p o n b o stri
d e s o f t h e ath i
l l w .
B OO K I . xu v .
4
—v .
3
ce r em oni es where they prop o sed t o erect their wall

, ,
e tablishing definite li m its o n either side of it so

s
,
that they mi g ht at the s a me time keep the walls

free o n thei r inward face from contact with build
ings which o w as a r ule are actually j oined t o
, n , ,
them and on the outside keep a ce r ta in area free

,
from human uses This space which the gods fo r .

,
bade men to inhabit or to till was called pome rium ,
by the Romans quite as much because the wall stood

,
behind it as because it st o od behind th e wall ; and

as the city grew these consecrated limits were alway s
,
pushed out fo r as great a distance as the walls them

selves were to b e advanced 1
.
X LV Whe n the ki ng had pr o moted the grandeur

.
o f the st a te by e nlarging the C ity and had shaped ,
all his domestic policy t o suit the demands of peace

as well as those of war h e was unwilling that arms ,
should always b e the m e a ns employed fo r stre ngth

g R o me s p o we r a n d s o ught t o i n crease he r sway
’
e in
n ,
by di pl o m a cy a n d a t the same ti me t o a d d something

,
t o the spl e n d o ur o f t h e C ity Ev e n a t th a t e a r ly d a te .
the temple f Diana at Ephesus enj oyed great renown

o .
It was r eputed to have been built through the c o

O peration o f the cities o f A sia and this ha rm o ny and ,
community o f worship S e r vius praised in superlative

terms to the Latin nobles with whom b oth o fficially , ,
an d i n p r ivate h e had taken pains to establish a

,
footi n g of hospita lity and friendship By di n t o f .
r eiterating the same a rguments h e finally car ried his

point and a shrine o f Dian a was built in Rome by
,
the nati on s of Latium conjointly with the Roman

P eople This was an admission that Rome was the
.
capita l— a p o int which had so often been disputed
VOL . 1 .
LI VY
Id quamquam iam ex omnium cura Latin
om is s u m
o r um ob rem t o t i e s i fe l i i t e t m p t t m armisn n c r e a a
v id e b t ai se ex S b i i s fors dare visa est privato

u r, u n a n
consilio imperii e ip e d i B in S b i is nata r c ra n . OS a n
cuidam patri familiae d ic it miranda magnitudine ur
ac specie ; fi per multas t t e s cornua in ve ti

x a ae a s
bulo templi Dianae m m e t m c i fuere miraculo on u n u .
5 Habita u t erat res p o d i g ii loco est ; e t c e c i e e

, ,
r n r
vates cuius civitatis eam civis ianae

,
D i m m l s se t 1
o a ,
ibi fore imperium ; id q e car m en p e e e t ad anti u rv n ra
6 s t i t e m fani Dianae S b i u s qu e u t prima apta dies a n ,
s c i fi c i o visa est
a r b o e m Homam c t m d e d ,
vi t ad a a uc
fanum Dianae e t ante aram s t t u it Ibi antistes a .
Romanus cum e u m magnitudo i c t im e celebrata

,
v a
fama m o is s e t m e m responsi S b i m ita adlo

v ,
or a nu
u i d a m tu h o s e s paras ?
“
q u it : urQ p n i q i t i
, ,
n u , n
ceste s ifi i m Dianae facere ? Quin tu ante vivo

ac r c u
p e fu d e i s flu m i e ? I fi m
r n r vall e p e fl it Tiberis
n n a ra u .
7 Religione tactus h O S p e s qui omnia u t prodigio , ,
re s o d e re t eventus
n c
p e re t r ite facta e x te m pl u o
p , ,
descendit ad T i b e rim In t e re a Romanus im m o l t . a
Dianae b o e m Id mi r e g t u m r egi atqu e c iv it t i

v . ra a
fuit .
X LV I S ervius quamquam iam usu haud dubie

.
2
r egnum p o s s e d t ta me m quia i t e rd m i t i e ra ,
n u ac ar
im m l t Rh m m im m l
o a ss e tQ en o as se n .
2
d bi M (
u M ) d bi
e
‘
( or d b i m d
2
b i m )a
u ae or u e or u u .
LI V Y
v o ces a i e e Tarquini o a u d ie b t se iniussu populi
uv n a
regnare conciliata prius voluntate p l e b is agro capt o

,
ex h o s t i b s i it im divis o a u s u s est ferr e ad popul um

u v r ,
v e ll e t i u b e re t e
n se r egnar e ; t t o q e consensu
n n an u
quant o haud q u i s q m alius ante r ex est d e c l t s ua a ra u .
2 Neque ea r es Ta r quini o s p e m d fe c t d i r eg n i a an
minuit ; immo e o im p e n s i u s quia de ag ro p l e b is ,
adve rsa pat r um vol ntate s e s e t agi c im i d i

1 2
u n ra ,
r n an
S e r vi apud patres c e s c e d i qu e in cu r ia sibi o c c s io

r n a
n em datam ratus est e t ipse iu e is a d e t is animi ,

v n r n
e t domi u o r e Tullia i i et m n i m u m stimulante a

x
q n u u .
3 Tulit enim e t R o man a r egia s c e l e is tragici e e m r x
plum u t t e d io regum m a t u ri r ve ire t libe rtas ulti

,
a o n
m u m qu e r eg n um esset quod sc e l e re partum foret .
4 H i c L T rq i i s — P i s c i T a q u i i r egis fil i s
. a u n u r e r n u n
p o s n e fue r it parum q uet ; pluribus t m e u c t i a n a or
bus fil iu m e d id e rim — f t re m h b u e r t A ru n t e m ra a a r
5 T a q i i u m mitis ingen
r u n ,
i e em H is d u o b s u t u uv n . u ,
ante dictum est d u e T ll i e r egis fi l ia e u p s e r n t

,
a u a n a ,
e t i s e longe dispa r es m o ri b u s
a F or te ita i i d er t
p . nc a
me d u o violenta ingenia mat r imonio i g e re t fo r un n ur
tuna credo populi Romani qu o d i t r i s S e r vi

, , ,
u u n u
r egnum esset c o s t it u i q u e civitatis m or es p o s s e n t

n .
ad v r M P 0 d v r m ( - m ) n
1
e sa
2 ? a e sa or u .
v lu t t l
o t t m a
n a e u o un a e .
1
The rfr e e ence is to t h e s t rio e s of A tr u e s an d Oe d p i u s.
BOO K I . x 1v1
. . 1 -5
that the young T a q i i s n o w and then threw out

r u n u B C
. .
a hint that he w reigni g without the consent of

as n
the people h e proceeded to gain the goodwill of

,
the commons by dividing among all the citizens

the land obtained by conquest from the enemy ;
aft e r which he made h l d to call upon the people o
to vote whethe r he should be t h e ir l e r and was '
ru ,
declared ki n g with such unanimity as non e of his

predecesso r s had experienced Yet the ci r cumstance .
did not lessen T q i i u s s hopes of o btaining t h e

ar u n
’
ki n gship O th e contrary pe rceiving that the b e

. n ,
s t o wa l o f la n d on the plebeians was i n o pp o siti o n to the
wishe s o f the se n ate he felt that he had got the b ette r

,
o pp o rtunity o f vilifyi ng S ervius t o t h e Fathers a n d

of i nc r easing his ow n i nfl ue n ce i n the senate -house .
H e wa s a h o t -headed youth himself a n d h e h d at ,

a
h a n d in the pe r son o f Tullia his wife on e who

, ,
g o aded on his r estless spirit F or the royal house of .
R ome p r oduced a n example of t r agic guilt as others ,
had done i orde r that loathing of kings might

1
,
n
hasten the comi g o f liberty and that the e n d of

n ,
r e gn ng might come i n that reign which was t h e

i i
fruit o f crime This Lucius T rq in i u s — whethe r

. a u
he was the so n o r the grandson o f King T q i iu s ar u n
P is c s is uncertain ; but following the ma jority o f

r u ,
histo r ians I wo u ld designate him s o - had a b r othe r

,
n
,
Ar ru ns T ar
q i i us a youth
u n of a ge, n tle dispositio n .
These tw o as has been s aid be for e had married the

, ,
two Tullias daughters o f th e k i ng themselves of

, ,
widely di ffe r ent characters C hance had so o r dered .
matters that the two violent n atu r es sh o uld not be

united i n wedlock thanks doub tless to the g o od
,
fortu n e o f the Roman P eople that t h e r eign o f ,
S e r viu s might b e p r olonged a n d t h e t ra diti o ns of

LI V Y
6 A n ge b a t u r f erox Tullia nihil m t e i e in vi r o neque a r a
ad p id it t e m neque ad u d c i m esse ; tota in

cu a a a a
alterum aversa T q i i m e u m mirari c u m virum

1
ar u n u ,
dicere ac r egio sanguine t u m : s p e e e s o ro e m or rn r r ,
7 quod virum nacta mulieb r i c e s s e t audacia C o ar . n
trahit c e l e it e s im il it d o eos u t fere fit : malum

r r u ,
m alo p t i s s im u m ;
a sed i i t i m t u b d i omnia a n u r an
femina o rt u m est E s e c e t is vi r i alieni d s u e f t

. a r a ac a
s e m o ib u s mullis
r n e b o r m c o t u m e l s parcere de
v r u n n
vi ro ad f t e m de sorore ad virum ; e t se re c t iu s
ra r ,
v id m e t il lu m
ua e l ib e m futurum fuisse c o ntendere
ca ,
quam cum i mpari i gi u t e l gu e s c e d m aliena un ,

an n u
8 ignavia esset S i sibi e m quo digna esset di

. u , ,
d e d is s e t virum domi se p o p e d i e m v i s r m regnum

n ,
r u a
fuisse quod apud p t e m id e t C e l e rit e adules

,
a r v a . r
9 ce tem s
n e t e m e it t is i m p l e t
ua
2 P rope c o t i u t is
r a . n n a
f e ib s cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fe is

un r u c
sent i u gu t u
,
n
p tn s magis n o n
r nu
p o h ib e t e S ervio
n r n
quam d p o b t e a r an .
X LV I I Tum vero i n dies i fe s t io r Tulli s e n e t u s

. n c ,
i fe s t i u s c o e p i t regnum esse
n Iam e n im ab s e l e e . c r
ad aliud s p e t e mulier s o c l u s n ec nocte nec inte r

c ar ,
diu virum c o q ie s c e e pati e gratuita p e t e i t

n u r ,
n ra r a
2 a rr i c id ia e s s e t : non sibi d e f i s s e cui

n u t dice u n a
p p
1 vr
a e dv r
sa D? v r
a (
e v r a m ad v r ) Q
sa e sa or e s or e sa
d pr p
.
2
B tw e im p l t
een th
e M S S gi
an th w d o e e . ve e or s
A rr u n s T q i i art T l li m i
u n us e r wh i h W l t b k t
u a no c a er s ra c e s .
[ 62
LI V Y
r etu nec cum quo tacita s e i e t ; d e f i s e qui se
t ,
rv r u s
r egno d ig m p t t qui m e m i i s e t se esse P i i

nu u a re ,
n s r sc
T q i i fil i m qui habe r e quam spe r are regnum

ar u n u ,
3 mallet “ S i tu is es cu i t m esse me b i t nu a ro r,
.
p ar
e t virum e t regem appell o ; si n minus e nu n c peius ,

o
mutata r es est quod i t i cum ignavia est e l s c sc us .
4 Quin i g e i ? Non tibi ab C o ri n tho

acc n r s ab Tar nec
q i
u n ii s t patri
,
tuo
u peregrina r egna m ,l i i necesse o r
est di te penates p t iiq e t patris imago e t

: a r u e
dom us regia t i n domo regale solium t nomene e
5 T ar
q i i m
u n u creat t q e r egem A t
v ocasi ad haec
u . u
parum est animi quid f t is i it t e m ? Quid t ,

ru s ra r c v a e
u t e gi m
r i uem p
u ven i i sinis ? Facesse h
c on s i c nc
T q i i s aut C i t h m devol ve r e r etro ad stir

ar u n o or n u ,
6 pem f t is
,
i m il io
ra r quam pat ris
s His l ii q e
r . a s u
i n c r epand o i e e m t ig t nec
uv n
q i ins
e ipsa a ,
c on u e sc re
potest s i cum Tanaquil pe r egrina mulie r t ntum

, ,
a
m l i i p o t i s e t a n im o t duo c o ntinua regna vi r o ac

o r u s u
d i e p s genero d e d is s e t ipsa r egio semine o rta

e nc ,
n ullum momentum in dand o d im e d q e r eg n o

1 a n o u
7 f acer et His m l i e b ib s i s t i t s f s T q i i
. u r u n nc u u ru ar u n us
i
c rc u m ire e t p s e mi n o rum maxime gentium
re n ar
patres ; d m a pate rn i b e fi c ii ac pr o e o g t i m
o n e re ne ra a
r epete r e ; l li e d o nis i u e e s ; cum de s e i ge t i

a c re v n n n a
1
m o m en tu m D R 2 ’
; m o m e n m en t u m D : m on u m e n t u m a .
BOO K I . X LV I I . 2 —7
man j ust to be called a wife just t o endure se r vi ,
tude with him in silence : h e had wanted one who s
should deem him el f worthy o f the s o vereignty s ,
who bethought him that he was the son of Tar

q uini s
n P i s c s who pre ferred the possession o f the
r u ,
kingship to th e hope f it “ If you are he o .

,
“
sh e cried whom I thought I was m arrying I ca ll
, ,
you both ma n a n d ki g ; if not then I have so far n ,
changed fo r the worse in that crime is added in , ,
you r case to c o wardice C ome r o use you rself ! You

,
.
,
are not come like your father from C orinth or Tar

, ,
qu n i i i that
,
you must make yoursel f king in a strange
lan d ; the gods of you r family and you r a cestors n ,
you r father s im ge the royal palace with its throne

’
a , , ,
and the name o f T q i iu s create and p roclaim you ar u n
king Else i f you have no c o urage f this why do

.
,
or ,
y o u cheat the citizens ? why do you su ffer yourself

to be looked on as a prince ? A way with you to Ta r
u i ii o r C orinth !
n S ink back into the r ank o f you r
q
family m o re like your brother than your father !
”
,
W ith these and other taunts sh e excited the young

man s ambition Nor coul d sh e hersel f submit with
’
patience to the tho ght that Tanaquil a foreign u ,
woman had exerted her spirit to such purpose as

,
twice in succession to con fer th e royal p o we r— upo n

her husband first and aga n upon her son -i -law ,
i n
i f Tullia the daughter f a king were to count fo r

,
o ,
nothing i n bestowing and withdrawi g a throne n .
I n s pired by this woman s frenzy T q i i s began ’

ar u n u
to go about and solicit su p port especially among the ,
heads of the lesse r families whom he r eminded o f ,
his fathe r s kindness to them and desi r ed thei r

’
favou r in return ; the young m e he attracted by n
gifts ; b o th by the g r eat things he promised to do

1 65
LI VY
p o l l ic e n tumdo r egis i m i i b s omnibus locis c r es
cr n u
8 cere . P o tremo s t iam g

,
e du e r ei tempus visum
a n a
est s t ip t u s g m i e rm t o m i n forum i p it
,
a a n a a ru n ru .
Inde om n ibus p e c l is pavo r e i n r egia sede pro

r u s
curia s e d e n s patres in curiam per p a e c o e m ad r n
regem T q u i i m citari i u s s it C o e e e e t e m p l
ar n u . nv n r x o,
alii iam ante ad hoc p e p t i al n met e no n ra a ra ,

u n
venisse fran di esset o v it t e ac miraculo attoniti e t

,
n a
10 iam de S ervio actnm rati Ibi T qu i iu s m l e d ic t

. ar n a a
ab stirpe ultima o rs u s : s e rv u m s e r a q e t m post v u na u
mortem indignam parentis sui n on interregno u t , ,
antea i mito no n o m i t iis h b it is non pe r s ff gi m

, ,
c a , u ra u
populi no n u c t o ib u s p t ib u s mulieb r i dono reg

,
a r a r ,
ll nu m occupasse Ita matum ita c re t u m r egem f

.
,
a , au
torem i fi m i gene ris h o m i m ex quo ipse sit odio

n nu , ,
a l ie e h o e s t t i s e re p t u m p i m o ib u s
na n a
g m sordi r r a ru
1 2 d is s im o c i qu e d iv i s i s s e ; omnia one r a quae o m m u

u c
nia quondam f e ri t inclinasse in p r imores civitatis ;

u n ,
i n s t it i s s e c e s u m u t insignis ad i
u n , id i m l o c l
p e nv a u
ti o ru m fortuna esset e t pa rata unde ubi vellet

,
1
, ,
c g e n t i s s i m is l a rg i re t u r .
1
u nde u b i ZII ub i 0 .
LI V Y
X L V I I I H uic o ra t io n i S e r vius cum i t e r e is s e t
. n v n
trepido t i o e c it t u s e t e m p l o a vestibulo curiae

nun x a x
magna voce Quid hoc q i t T q i i r ei est

,
? in u ,
ar u n ,
Qua tu audacia me viv o voca r e usus es patres aut in s
2 sede considere mea ? C u m ille fe roc i t e ad haec

”
r
,
se patris sui te n ere sedem multo quam s e m , rv u
o t i o e m fil i m regis r egni h e e d e m
r u satis i ll m diu r u
p ,
per l ic e t i m e l d t e m insultasse dominis clamor

n a u en ,
ab utriusque f t ib s o r itur e t concursus populi au or u ,
fi e b t in curiama pp re b t
q e re
, g a t u u m qui
a vici a u na r s
3 set Tum T qu
. s necessitate iam etiam ipsa
ar in i u
cogente ultima a ndere m u lto e t e t t e e t v i ib s ,

a a r u
va l id i o medium r ip it S e rv iu m e l t m qu e e curia
r, a r a u
in inferio r em partem per g radus d e i e it ; inde ad c
4 o ge d u m s e
c n t u m in curiam na d iit Fit fuga regis re .
a
pp i t o ru m
ar atque c o m it m : ipse p r ope e s
g s i
u x an u
cum si n e r egio c o m it t u d m m s e re c ip e re t ab iis 1 a o u

,
qui missi ab Tarquinio f gie t e m c o s e t i e t u n n cu ra n
5 i t e fi i tu r
n r cC re d i t . quia non b h r e t a e t e ro u r, a o r c
sc ele e d m o it u T ll i e id factum C a r pento ce r te

r ,
a n u a .
,
id quod satis con tat in fo rum invecta nec e e it s , ,

r v r a
oe tu m i o um e o v rv it virum e curia
r v e em ca r
c , g qu e
6 p r ima a p p e l l v i t A qu o f c e s s e e iussa ex tant o
a . a r
t m u l t u cum se d o m u m re c ip e e t p e v e i s s e t q e ad
u ,
r r n u
summum C y p i m v ic u m ubi Dianium u p e fuit r u ,

n r ,
1
cum s nei r gie o c o m it a t u d om u m se re c i p e re t ab ii s
A l ac h efs ki c u m s e m i a n i m i s ( o r -
m e s ) e gi o c o m i t a t u d o m u m r
se re c ip e re t p e r v e n i s s e t q u e a d s u m m u m c os p m u m ri
v ic u m n .
BOO K I X L . V I II . 1 —6
XL V I I I In the midst o f this hara gue Se rvius

. n ,
who had been aroused by the alarming news came ,
up and immediately called out in a loud v o ice from

“
the vestibule f th e C uria : W hat means this Tar
o ,
u i i s ? W ith what as urance have you da r ed while

n u s
q ,
I live to convene the Fathers or to it in my chair ?

,
s
T q i i s answered trucul ently that it was his ow n

ar u n u
father s seat he occupied ; that the king s son was a

’ ’
fitter succes or to his kingdom tha n a slave was that

s
Tulliu had long enough been su ffered to m o ck his

s
masters and insult them S h o uts arose from the .
par t isans o f each and the people began to rush into

,
the senate -house ; it was clear that he would be

king who won the day T q i i s was now com . ar u n u
e l l e d by shee r n ecessity to go on boldly to th e

p
end Being much superio r to S ervius in youth and
.
strength he seize d him by the middle and bearing

, ,
him out f the senate -house fl ung him d o wn th e

o ,
steps H e the n went back into th e C uria to hold

.
the senate together The king s se r vitors and com .

’
pani ons fl ed The king himself hal f fainting was

.
, ,
maki g his way home without the r oyal attendants

n ,
when the men whom T q i i s had sent in pursuit ar u n u
o f the fugitive came up with him and killed him .
It is believed i n asmuch as it is n o t inconsistent with

,
the rest of her wickedness that this deed was sug ,
gested by Tullia It is agreed at all eve n ts that

.
, ,
she was driven in he r carriage i n to th e Forum and ,
n othing abashed at the crowd of m e summoned n ,
her h usband from the C uria and was the first to hail
him king T qu i i u s bade he r withdraw from so
. ar n
turbulent a cene O her way home she had got

s . n
to the top of th e V icus C y p i s where the shrine of r u ,
Di a n a r ece n tly sto o d and was bidding he r drive r

,
LI V Y
fie c te n ti ‘
ca r
p en tum dextra i n U rb i u m cliv m a in u t
collem Es q u i l ia ru m e v e h e r e t u r, r e s t i t i t
p av id u s atque
i n h i b u it f renos is qui iu m e n ta a
g e b at , i a c e n te m
q ue
7 dominae S e rv i u m t r u c id a t u m o s t e n d it .Fo e d u m
in h u m a n u m qu e inde traditur s c e l u s, m on u m e n to
q ue
locus e s t — S c e l e ra t u m quo amens v ic u m v ocan t—

a it t i
anb s f i i s s u i s ac viri Tullia
ur per patriso ro r
g ,
corpu e
s car
p t m egi se fe t
p
n t
u m q e anguinis s r u r, ar e u s
ac e d i p t e
ca s cruento h i l contaminata
a rn a e ve c u o,
ipsa e s p e s q e t l is s e ad penates suo i iq e sui

r
1
r a u ,
u s v r u ,
quibus i t is malo r egni principio imiles p p e d ie m

ra s ro
exitus s e q e t u er n ur .
8 Se Tullius g it a o s q t t r e t quad
r . re n av nn ua uo
r a
g i t n ita a t bono e tiam m d eu t q e succedenti o ra o u
r egi d i ffi il i aemulatio es et C eterum id quoque

c s s .
ad gloriam acces it quod cum illo simul i s t ac legi s u a
9 tima regna o id t Id ipsum tam mite ac tam

cc e ru n .
m o d e a t m imperium t m
r u quia unius esset depo a e n, ,
nere c m in animo h b is s e quidam auctores sunt

u a u
,
n i s c e l s intestinum l ib e
u d e patriae consilia agi ra n a
tanti i t e e i s s e t
2
n rv n .
XLIX Inde L T q in i s regnare o c c e p it cui

. . ar u u
,
S upe r bo cognomen facta i d i d e t quia s o c e m n ru n , ru
gene r sepultura p h ib it Ro m l m quoque inse ro u ,

u u
2 p l t m perisse d i t i t
u u s
p im o es
q e patrum quos
c an ,
r r u ,
S ervi rebus f i s s e edeb t i t e fe i t ;

av o sci s cr a ,
n r c c n u
d e i d e male q e e d i regni ab se ipso ad ersus se

n ua r n v
exempl um capi posse rm t is corpus c i c m s e p s it ; ,

a a r u a
t li 0 , 1
t li ut Q sse
2
u ssc .
g t ti R1’
; i
g t
a i M ?
i an gi t d i 0 a an c a an .
LI V Y
3 n e q ue enim ad ius regni q q p r aete r vim u ic u am
h b b t
a e t qui neque p o puli i
a ,
u s neque u c t o ib s us u a r u
4 p t ib s
a r e g a re t u E0 r edeb t
n t in c
. it t e ac c a u ar a
c i i m nihil s e i
v u e p o e t i metu regnum t t r d m
n n
p u an u
esset Quem t pluribus i t e e t g it io e s capi

. u ncu r ,
co n n
t l i m rerum sine c o n s il ii s per se solus e x e c b t

a u r e a ,
5 perque eam causam o ccidere in e s i l i m agere bonis ,

x u ,
multare p o t e r t non s u s p e t s modo aut i n v is o s sed

a c o
6 unde nihil aliud quam p e d m sperare posset P raera a .
ip u e ita patrum numero im m i

c t s t t u it nullos in nu o a
patres l egere quo c o t e m p t i p it t e ipsa ordo ,

n or au c a
7 esset m i s
q ,
e pe r se nihil agi i d ig
nu u e t u Hic n n ar n r .
enim r egum primus t r d t i m 1

a p i i b s morem de a u r or u
omnibus s e t m c o s l e d i s l it d o m e s t i is con
na u n u n o v , c
s il i i s rem publicam admi istravit ; bellum pacem n

, ,
f ede o societates pe r se ip e cum quibus o l it

ra , s , v u ,
8 iniussu populi ac enatus fecit d i e m i t qu e Lati s ,

r .
norum sibi maxime g e t e m il i b t u t p e re

g i is
n con c a a , r n
quoque o p ib s t t io r inte r cives esset neque h ospitia

u u ,
modo cum p im o ib s c o rum sed d fi it t e s quoque

r r u ,
a n a
9 i un
g eb t O ctavio a M . m i l i o T sc u l o i s lo g a u an -
n
princeps Latini nomi n is erat si f m e e d i m s ab ,

a a cr u ,
U e de q e
l i x C i r ca o ri ad s —
u e i M a m il io fi l i m nup un u a
tum dat perque eas u p t i s m l t o s sibi c o gn a t o s n a u
m i o s q e eius o c il i t
a c u c n a .
t d i t m G y
1
g
- ra t tr d itur n
u r n a eu S z u a .
1
i e c a u s e s a ffe c n g t h e c ap u t (
. . ti c m g m e an e t e wh i h i h t ihr
l fe i or c c g s ivi ri h t
of t h e a c c u s e d .
2
ir r
C c e b o e t o Ul y s s e s a s o n , T e l e go n s , wh o fo u n d e d u
T u sc u lu m .
BOO K I . x u x .
3
—
9
as umed a body guard H e had indeed no right to

s - .
the throne but might ince he w ruling neither ,

s as
by popular decree nor senatorial anction M ore s .
over as he put o t r ust in th e a ffection o f his people

,
n ,
he was compelled to sa feguard his authority by

fear To inspire terro r there fore in many per ons
. s ,
he adopted the practice of trying capital causes by 1
himsel f without advisers ; and under the pretext

, ,
thus a fforded was able to in flict death exile and

, , ,
for feiture o f p r ope r ty no t only upon persons whom ,
he suspected and disliked but also in cases where h e ,
could have nothing t o gain but plunder It was .
chie fly the senators whose numbers were r educed

by t his p rocedure and T q i i s determined to ,
ar u n u
make no new appointments to the orde r that it ,
might be the more despised fo its very pa city r u ,
and might chafe l ess at being ignored in all business

o f tates Fo r this king was the first to break with
.
the custom ha n ded down by his predecessors f ,

o
consulting the senate on all occa ions and gover ed s ,

n
the natio n without other advice than that f h i own o s
household W r peace treaties and alliances were

. a , , ,
ente r ed upon o r broken o ff by the monarch himsel f ,
with whateve r states h e wished and without the ,
dec r ee o f people o r senate The Latin race h e .
strove particularly to make his friends that his ,
st r ength abroad might contribute to his security t a
home H e contracted with their nobles n o t only

.
r elations o f hospitality but also matrimonial connec

tions To O ctavius M amilius f Tusculum a ma n
. o ,
by long odds the most important f the Latin name o ,
an d descended if we may believe report from Ulysses

, ,
and t h e goddess C irce he gave h i daughter in

2
,
s
marriage and in this way attached to himself the

,
n umerou s kinsme n and friends of the man .

LI V Y
L l m magna T q i i auctoritas inte r Latinorum
. a ar u n
proceres erat cum in diem certam u t ad l c m

,
u u
F e re nti na
e c e i t i d i i t : es e quae age r e de
on v n an n c s
2 rebus c o m m ib s e l it
un Cu e i t
v frequentes. on v n un
prima luce : ipse T q i i u s diem quidem s e v it ar u n r av ,
s e d paulo ante quam o l o c i d e e t venit s M ulta ibi c r .
toto die in concilio varns i t t s e rm o ib s e n t ac a a n u ra .
3 Turnus H e d o i s ab A i c i r n u fe r c i t e in absentem r a o r
T q i i m erat i
ar u n u e t s : haud m i nv m esse S uperbo
c u ru
i d it m Romae c o gnomen — iam enim ita clam qui

n u
dem m u s s it t e s volgo t m e e m p p e ll b a t
an ,
a n u a a n .
A q u i c q m s p e b i s esse quam l d i fi c a i sic omne

n ua u r u u r
nomen Latinum ? P i i p i b s longe 1 ab

r nc domo ex u
c it i s ,
ips m qui concilium i d i e it non adesse
u n x r .
T e m p t i p o fe c t p t i e t i m
ar r o t si ingum a c c e p e
a n a u ,
i t o b o io s p e m t
r n ,
n x C u i enim non pp e e
r a . d a ar r a
5 fe t c e c u m imperium in Latinos ? Quod si sui bene

ar
cr e d i d e i t cives aut si c re d it m il l d e t non r p t m

r n ,
u u a u
parricidio sit credere e t La t inos quamquam e sic

, ,
n
6 quidem l i e i g e e debe r e ; sin su o s eius p e i t e t

2
a n na ,
a n a ,
quippe qui alii super alios t i d e t e s l t m ru c n u r, x u a u
c ant bona ,
m it t t quid s p e i m e l i o is Latinis por
a an ,
r
tendi ? S i se d i t d o m u m suam qu e m q e inde

au an ,
u
a b i t o s neque magis o b s e rv t u os diem c o n il

ur ,
a r c n
7 quam ipse qui i d i e it o b s e n et xHaec atque alia

r rv .
1
P i i p ib
r nc ( p i ip i b i 0) l g O p i ip ib
us r nc u im U on e . r nc u s en
l g
on M
e . d b r AI 3 d b e t ( e t )
e n e e re or -e n .
1 74
LI V Y
e od e mpertinentia s e d it io s u s homo fa c in e ro s u s q u e
b isque t ib s opes domi
ar t
u s cum maxime disse n ac u
8 re e tr i t e rv e it T q i i u s
,
n n Is fi is o r t io i fuit ;
ar u n . n a n
aversi o mnes ad T q u i iu m s l t d m Qui silen ar n a u an u .
tio facto m o it s a p o x im is t p g re t se quod id

n u r u ur a ,
t e m p o ri s e is s e t v d is c e p t t o re m ait se s u m p t u m
n ,
a
inte r p t e m e t fi l i m cu ra re c o c il i d i eos in gra

a r u ,
n an
tiam m o t m esse e t quia ea res e e m is s e t il l m

ra u ,
x u
9 diem poste ro die c t ru m quae c o s t it i s e t Ne

,
a u n u s .
id quidem ab Turno t l is s e t c it u m fe t ; d ix is s e u a ru n
enim l l m b e io re m esse c o g it io n e m quam inte r

nu a r v n
p t
a r e m e t fili m p c is
qu e t r a,
n sigi verbis
au posse : mi u
re t patri h b i t m in fortunium
a esse
u ru
p a a , .
LI Haec A ri i u s i n r egem Romanum i c re p s

. c n n an
e x concilio b iit Quam rem T q i iu s a l iq t o

a . ar u n u an
quam v id e b t r a e griu s fe re s c o fe s t im Turn o me

a u n n
cem m c h i t u r u t eu n dem terr or em quo c i i m

a na , v u
2 an im o s domi o pp e s s e t Latinis i i e re t r Et quia

ra n c .
pro imperio palam i t e fi i non p o t e t oblato fal o n r c ra ,

s
crimine i s o t e m o p p e s s it P e d e s e f c t io is
n n r . r a v r a a n
q u o d sm A ai c i o s s e r v
r m Turni
n au r o c o
p i t u
u t i 1 rru , n
d e e s i m eius vim m g m gl d io u m i fe i clam

v r or u a na a r n rr
3 si e e t
n r E cum una nocte perfecta e s s e t Ta r
. a n ,
quinins paul o ante l u c e m c c it is d se p rin c ip ib s a a u
1
ut in M R A ld 1
. : in ( t e n 0) fl .
BOO K I . L .
7
—Ll .
3
wo r d and others o f the same import were being

s
utte r ed by the f t i and turbulent Latin who

ac on s ,
owed to these qualities h i in fl uence among t his own

s s
people T q i iu s came up This was th e end f

,
ar u n . o
the speech ; l l turn ed to salute T q i i

a S ile n ce ar u n us .
was commanded and the king being advi ed by

, ,
s
th o se nearest him to excuse him el f fo having come s r
so late declared that he had been chosen arbiter

,
between a fathe r d his son and had been delayed

an ,
by his anxiety to reconcile them H e added that .
since this busines had used p that day he would

s u ,
take up o n the morrow th e matte rs which h e had

meant to bring be fore them They say that Turnus .
would no t su ffe r even this to g o unchalle n ged as ,
serting that there was o question more quickly n
settled than one betwixt fathe r and son for these ,
few wo r ds were enough to end it : Unless you“

obey y o u r fathe r it will be th e worse fo r you .
LI Gi rding thu s against th e R o man king th e

.
,
A ricia n quitted the c o uncil T q i i s was con . ar u n u
s id e
ra b l y more exed tha h e appeared to be n d
v n ,
a
at o nce lo o ked about him for the means o f destroying

Tu r nus that he might inspire in the Latins th e same
,
terr or with which he had b r oken the spirit o f the

Roman s A n d since h e could n ot openly put his man
.
to death by virtue o f sove r eign r ight he charged ,
him with a c rime of which he was innocent and s o ,
dest royed him Through the agen c y o f ce rtain men

.
o f the o pposite party in A i c i he bribed a slave o f

r a,
Turnus with gold t o all o w a large quantity o f swords

to be b r ought sec r etly int o his maste r s l o dging ’
Having accomplished this in a si gle night Tar n ,
quiniu s shortly
,
before dawn summoned the chie f ,
me n o f t h e Latins t o his qu a rte rs p r ete n di g to , n

LI V Y
Latinorum quasi re nova p e rt u rb a t u s , mo ram suam
h e s t e rn a m , v e lu t d e o ru m q ua d a m p ro v i d e n t ia i n l a
tam ait sal uti sibi atque illis fuisse A b Turn o dici
,
.
s ibi e t p im i b s p p l m parari e c e m u t Lati

r or u o u o ru n
norum solu impe rium t e e t A d g e s m fuisse

s n a . r s u ru
h e s t e o die in concilio ; dilatam rem esse quod

rn ,
5 auctor i l ii f e i t quem maxime p e t e e t

con c a u r Inde
,
r .
il l m
a b s e t i s i e t t i o e m esse natam quod mo
a n ns c a n ,
rando s p e m d e s t it e it Non dubita r e si vera d e fe

u r .
,
ran t quin prima luce b i e t m in concilium

u r, ,
u v n u
sit i s t t s cum
,
n ru c i
u t u m manu a rm t u s c o n u ra
q e or a u
6 v e t
n s sit
u ru Dici gl d i
. m i g t e m esse nume a o ru n en
rum ad c m u ct m Id
c on v e m 1
nee me sit ex
u . v an u
templo s iri posse Rogare eos u t inde secum ad

e .
7 T u rn um e i t v S s p e t m fecit r em e t ingenium
n an . u c a
Turni ferox e t oratio h e s t e et m o ra T q i i rn a ar u n ,
quod id b t ob eam d i ffe i c e d e s p t is s e B u n t

v e a ur rr a o u .
inc l i t i s quidem ad credendum animis t m e n isi

na , a n
8 gl da d e p e h e s i s cetera vana e i s t im t i
ns r n Ubi x a ur .
est e o e t m T u m ex somno e c it t m ci r cum

v n u ,
u rn x a u
s ist t c s t d es
un u om o
p e h e s is
q e servis
c
q i a rit t e r n u ,
u c a
domini vim p r b t cum gladii b d it i ex omnibus

a a an ,
a
locis d e e rt i l i p o t h e re t r e im v e ro manifesta
v cu r ra n u ,
n
1 v an u m Q u a ru m R u e ru m R ’L .
LI V Y
res visa i i e t e q e Turno catenae ; e t o fe s t im
,
n c a u c n
Latinor m concilium magno cum t m l t u d

u t u u a voca ur .
9 1 b i tam t invidia orta e t gl d iis in medio

a ro x s a
p o s it is t i d i t causa novo
u genere l eti
n d e i ect s
c a , ,
u
ad caput aquae F e e t i e crate superne i ie c t r n na n a
sax is qu e c on
g e s t i s m er
g e re t u r .
LI I R e o c t is d e i d e ad concilium Lati n is Tar

. v a n
quini n s c o l d t is q e qui T n au m o a tem a res u u rn u n v n
pro mani festo par ricidio merita poena d fe c is s e t a n ,
2 ita verba fecit : posse quidem se vetust o iure

agere quod cum omnes Latini ab A lba o riundi
, ,
sint e o f e d e e t e e t quo ab Tu l l o res o m is

,
1
o
2
r n an ur n
A lbana cum c o l o s
3
suis i Romanum e s s e i t n ii n c r
3 imperium ; cete r um se u t il i t a t is id magis omnium

causa e s e re u t renovetu r id fo e d s s e c d qu e
c n u ,
un a
o t i s fortuna populi
u R o mani u t participes Latini
p
f u r t an quam u rb i m e c id i v s t a t io e s q u e agr o
ur u x a a n
rum quas A nco prius pat r e d e i d e suo r egnante

, ,
n
e p e s s i sint
r semper aut e s p e c t e n t aut
p t i t ur x a an
p , .
4 H d d i ffi l t e r p e s s u m Latinis quamquam in e o
an cu r ua ,
f e d e e uperior Roma n a r es erat ; ceterum e t capita

o r s
nominis Lati n i sta r e ac senti r e cum rege i d e b t e t v an ,
sui c iq e p e i l i S i a d e s t u s esset e c e s e rat

4
u u r cu ,
v r a ,
r n
5 d c me t m
o u Ita e o v t u m fo e d s i d i t m q e
n u . r n a u n c u u
1
co fo e d e re P cr i z o n iu s i n e o fo e d e re a .
1
q
"
uo g : u od q 3
Q . c o l o n ii s c ol on i s a .
4
su i M : T u n u s su i n r .
1 In t h e ac cou n t of t h i tr ty
s ea at xx iv . 3 no A lb a n
c ol o n e s i
ti d a re m en on e ,
n or d o we k n o w o f a n y Con a y . w
an d W al t r th r f r k e s, e e o e, e e p c o l on ia o f t h e M S S , b u t we .
s h l d r t h r xp t i i b
ou a e e ec c v us in sth i c t xt
on e .
1 80
BOO K I . LI . 8 —LII 5 .
cau gh t in the act a d he was cast int o chains while

,
n ,
the summons was instantly sent out amidst intense ,
excitement f a council f the Latins There such

,
or o .
bitter resentment was aroused by the public display

of the swords that the accused was not permitted
,
t o plead his cause but su ffered a new kind f death

, o ,
bei g plunged into the source o f the F e e t i e W ate r

n r n n
and sunk beneath a wicker crate heaped up with

stones .
LI I T qu i i s then called t h e Lati s again

. ar n u n
to the place f council and praised them for the

o ,
punishment which they had j ustly meted out to the

rebellious attempt f T s in view f the treason
o u rn u ,
o
in which he had j ust been taken The king then .
went o n t o say that it was in h i power to proceed s
acc or ding to an a n cient r ight since all the Latin , s,
havi n g sprung from A lba were included in that ,
t r eaty by which fro m the time o f Tullus the whole

, ,
A lba n state with its colonies had come unde r Rome s

’
, ,
dominio n But the advan tage of all would be better

1
.
se r ved he tho ght if that treaty were renewed and

,
u ,
th e good fo rtune o f the Roman people were thrown

open to the pa rticipation o f the La ti n s than i f they ,
we r e a l ways to be d r ea d i g or endu ring th e razing n
of their cities and th e devastation of their land s
which they had su ffered first in A c s s r eign and n u

’
afterwa r d in that of the speaker s father It was ’

.
not di fficult t o persuade the Latins although the ,
Roma n inte r est p r eponderated in this t r eaty Fo r .
the rest they saw that the chie fs o f the Latin ame
,
n
st o od with the king and took his view f the matter o ,
and they had just been given a demon tration of t h e s
danger they would each i n cu r if they Opposed the

p r oj ect S o the t r eaty was r e n ewed and the Latin
.
,
LI V Y
i u n i o r ib u s Latinorum t ex f d re die ce rta ad u oe e
6 l ucu m Fe e t i e armati frequentes

r n na d e sse t Qui a n .
ubi ad edictum Romani regis ex omnibu s p p l is '
o u
c o nv e e e n e d r e m suum neve secretum imperium

,
n uc
p p ro i r av e signa h b e e t m i s c u it m a i
pa l r s ex n ,
n u o
Latinis R m is q e t ex binis s i g l o s f c e e t
o an u u n u a r
bi e ex s i l i s ; ita em i t i s m i l i s cen
n os
q u
g g n u
p na an u
t i
ur on e s impo uit s .
LI I I N e c t i i s t u s in pace r ex ita dux belli

. u n u ,
ra vu s fuit ; quin ea a rte eq s s e t superiores reges a ua

p ,
mi d e g e e t m in a l i i s huic quoque decori o ffe i s s e t

n ra u c .
2 Is primus V l s c is bellum in d e t o s m p l iu s post

o uc n a
suam e t t e m a os m o
a t Su e ss m q e P om e t i m
an n v1 a u a
3 ex ii s vi cepit Ubi cum d e d it a p e d quad i .

1 v n ra a
ra
g i t
n talenta
a argenti e fe i s s e t
2
c o c e i t animo
p r c ,
n
eam m p l it d i m I is templi quae digna deum

a u ne ov
h om i m q e r ege quae R omano imperio quae ip s i u s

n u u , ,
etiam loci maiestate es et C p t i a m p e c i m i n s . a v un a
a e d ifi t i o e m eius templi s e p o s i t
ca n u .
4 E c e p it d e d e c u m
x i a
l e t i u s spe bellum qu o
n n ,
G b io s p o p i q a m u b e m
a ,
r n e ui
q q u m vi do t s
r ,
n ua a r u ,
cum b s id e d i quoque u b e m spes pulso a m o e ib s

o n r n u
ad em
p t esset postremo
a minime,
arte Romana fraude ,
1
d iv e n d i v id e n t a M : d iv i d e n d a a
d it a g :
”
.
1 1
re f e c i s s e t G r on o v P o r P 2
m a r g : re fe c i s s e t c o e p is s e t
. .
( or r a c re c e p is s e t ) M R DL :
. rq
e u e c e p i s s e t ( o r re c c e p i s s e t
o r c e p is s e t ) Q
3
d e in d e e u m Q d e i n d e M
. . .
1
A R o m a n m a n p l e wa s d ded n o i
al e s , a n d ea c ivi i t h v h
h a l f wa s c o m b n e d i with
t h e a lf o f a La n m a n p l e , s m l a l y h ti i i i r
d ivi d e d , t o fo m a n e w n tr T h e m an p le s e e n ot , u i . i wr
stri tc l
y s p e a k n g, d o b l e d i u .
LI V Y
5 ac dolo ,
a est N m cum e l t posito bello
d g re s s u s . a v u
f d me t s
un a i templi n i c i e d i s
1 l s qu e urbanis operi
a n a ii
bus i t e t u m e esse s i m l e t S extus fi l i s eius

n n s u ar , u ,
qui minimus ex tribus erat t s f git ex composito ,

ra n u
G b io s patris in se
a ,
e it i m i t o l e b il e m conque
sa v a n ra
6 r ens : iam ab l i e i s in suos v e t is s e s u p e b i m e t

a n r r a ,
l ib e o r m quoqu e c m f e q u e n t ia e t e d e e u t quam
r u u r a r ,
in curia s o l it d i m fe e it domi quoque fa c i t n e

u ne c r a ,
quam s t i p e m e quem h e e d e m regni e l i q t

r ,
n r r n ua .
7 S e quidem inter tela e t g l d i s pat r is e l p s u m nihil a o a
us
q m ua sibi t tum nisi apuda hostes L T q i . ar uin
c e d i d is s e
r Nam n e e r a e t manere s bellum quod
. r r n , n
positu m s im l e t u r e t per o c c s io e m c u m incautos

u ,
a n
8 i su
nva m Quod S i apud eos s p p l i ib u s locus
ru . u c n on
sit p e re t m se omne Latium Vo l s c o s qu e inde 2

,
r ra u ru ,
e t A e q os e t H e u i o s p t it u u m d onec ad e o s per
rn c e r ,
v e i t qui a patrum
n a d e l ib u s atque imp s suppli
c ru u
9 ii s tege r e liberos sciant

c F s it etiam d is . or an ar or
aliquid ad bellum m q e se adversus superbissi ar a u
mum regem ac fe ro i s s im u m populum i e t ru m c nv n u .
10 C m u si nihil m o e t
,
i fe s s ira po rr o inde
ra r n u r, n n u
ab it u s ur id e e t u v ben igne ab G b i i s e x c ip it u
r r, a n r .
Ve t t mirari si q u l i s in cive
an , q l i s in
a socios s, ua
,
l l talis ad ultimum in liberos esset in se ipsum post

1
ia c i e n d i s Va c os a n u s m fa c i e n d is a .
2 in d e Gr on o v : s e i n d e a . .
mu —1 1
BOO K I .
.
4
and tricke ry For he pretended

.
150 have given u
p
the war and to be g s d 1
en
laying '
the
ro s s
f e d 11 oun a
tions f h i temple and in e

o s
ther city works arranging ,
meanwhile to let S extus wh was the youngest

,
O f
o his
three sons desert to G b ii
,
and there a
0
1 1 1
;
1 that 13 111 2 11
e l t o him H is f ather s ’
his father was intolerably c

1 11
'
.
pride he said was now

,
diverted
,
from strangers
upon his own family Even his children
.
were too
h e solitude which he had
many t please him a n d t
o ,
cau ed i the senate h ou

s n - e he wished to b
s
r i g t o n
pass in his own home also that he might leave

,
n o
descendant no heir to h i ,
s king d om The .
young .
e If escaped from amidst

man said that he had h im f s
s father and had made
the swords and j avelins of h i ,
s no sa fety f him
up his mind that there w a y or an
where ave with the e e m

s
1 e s f Luciusn
T q i i s o ar u n u .
Let them not del ude t e n

h e sel e S he said ; the wa r V :
which the king pretended to have abandoned was

still awaiting them and w hen ,
the chance o ffered
h e would attack them u a w a es B t 1
n
1 they hadl
'
o h
’
no room o suppliants he
f r
was prepa ,
r ed to wande r
all ove r Latium and th enc e seek
,
0 11 13 the V olsci and
the A eq i and the eu H i e h till at last rn

he should
come to people who kne w how t o p r otect a S D O
fr om the crue l and wicked tortures in fl icted on him

by a fathe r P ossibly he h eight eve n discove r some
.
enthusia m fo r war and a r n s against th e ha ghtiest

s
1 u
o f kings and the most i s P

l e n t O f nati on
n
s W hen ,
it appeared that if they W e r e indi ff erent h e would

leave them in anger and co tinue his fl ight then ,
G b in i bade him welcome

a
Th ey 1 70 111 him n
.
o t 1 0
be surprised if the king h d been the same t oa his

child r en that h e had bee n to his subj ects to his ,
allies ; he w o uld end by v e n ting his cruelty “ P O I1
1 85
L IV Y
remo si alia d e s i t S ibi vero g t m

s a e v i t u ru m , n . ra u
a d e t m eius esse f t u r u m q e credere b r evi u t

v n u ,
u u
illo adiuvante a portis G b i is sub Romana m e i a n o n a
bellum t s fe t u ra n ra r .
LIV Inde in consilia publica a d h i b e ri

. Ubi .
cum de l ii s rebus d s e t i i se e t e rib s G b i is

a a n r v u a n
d i c e e t quibus c e
r ,
o t io e s e s s e t ipse i d e t id e m
a n r n , n
belli auctor esse e t in e o sibi p ra e c ip u m pru

1
a
d e ti m
n d s m e re
a quod utriusque populi vires
a u ,
mo set s i e t q e i
s i s m p o fe c t s p e b i m regiam
c r u nv a r o u r a
i ib
c v e se quam ferre e liberi quidem p o t i s
us s ,
n u
2 sent Ita cum s e s im ad e b e l l d m primores

. n r an u
G bia m i c it
n o ru et ipse cum p o m p t is im is i v e
n ar ,
r s u
num p e d t u m atque in e p e d it io e s i r et e t d ic t is
ra a x n ,
f t i s q e omnibus ad f ll e d m i s t ru c t is vana d
ac u a n u n a
3 cr e s e et fid e
c r dux ad ultimum belli l e git u
s, I bi r .
cum inscia multitudine quid ge re t p o e l i pa r va a ur r a
inter Homam G b i s qu e fi e re t quibus p l e u m q e

a o n , r u
Gabina r es superior esset tum e rt t im s m m i i fi ,

c a u n
m iq e G b i o
u m Sex T
a n
q irui um dono deum sibi. ar u n
4 m i s s m d c e m credere
u u A pud mili t es vero o b e do . un
p e i l
r cu a ac labores pariter p ed m m i fi c e largi ,
ra a un
endo tanta c it t e esse u t o n pate r T qu i i s

,
ar a n ar n u
e sse e t i n A l s c h ef s ké esse ti n 0 .
LI V Y
5 p o t e n t io r Romae quam fi l i s Gab s esset It q e u u . a u
p os t q am sati
u i i m c o l e t m ad omnes conatus
s v r u n c u
v i d e b t tum ex uis unum s i s it t m Roma in ad

a ,
s c c a u
a t e m m it t it q id
r m se facere vellet q u
u na d ui an o
p q ,
dem t omnia unus publice Gab s posset e i di

u
1 u
6 d e d is s e t Huic
n . t i o quia credo d b ia e fi d e i
nun , ,
u
v i d e b t u r n ihil voce responsum est ; r ex v e l t deli

a , u
b e b u d s in hortu m e d i m t r ansit s e q u e t e n un
ra n u a u n
tio fil ; ibi i m b l s tacitus summa p p v e ru m

n na u an a a
7 capita d i it u r baculo d e c u s s i s s e
c Inter rogando ex .
sp e t c d q e r esponsum nuntius fessus u t r e imper

an o u ,
fe o ta redit G b i o s ; quae d i e rit ipse q u e q e i d e it

,
a x a u v r
re fe t : seu i r a seu o dio seu superbia insita ingenio

r , ,
8 nu l l m e m v o c e m e m i s is s e
a u S ext o ubi quid vellet .
parens qu id v e p r e c ip e e t t a c it is m b gib s p t it
a r a a u a u ,
primor es civitatis c r iminand o ali o s apud populum ,
9 alios sua ipsos invidia O p p o t u o s i t e re m it M ultir n n .
palam quidam in quibus minus speciosa c im i t io

, , r na
erat futu ra clam in t e fe c t i P a t u it qu ib s d m vole n

,
r . u a
t ib s fuga aut i n e x s i l iu m acti sunt

u , b se ti m q e ,
a n u u
1 0 b o na i t atque i t e e m p t o
ux a m d i i s i fuere
n r La r ru v u .
i t i o e s inde d e ; e t d l c e d i e privati com

g n
p e e
q ra a u u n
modi sensus m l o ru m p u b li o u m adimi donec orba a c r ,
consilio i l io q u e Gabina res r egi R o mano sine ulla

au x
d im i c t io e i n manum traditu r
a n .
1
p b l iu G b ce H w a gns P ( e er
p p r ) G b ii a
a en : or or ae a s
p .G b i ai P BF O
n s
p p l i G b i : i of r uU s a n s ac e e .
1 88
BOO K I . LIV .
4
—1 0
in Rome than was his so n in G b A d so when a ll . n ,
S extus w that he had acqui ed trength enough

sa r s
f
or any enterprise he despatched one f his own
, o
fol lowers to h i father in Rome to ask what t h e

s ,
king might please to have him do since the gods ,
had granted that at G b ii all power in the state a
should r est with him alone To this messenger I .

,
suppose because he eemed n o t quite t o be trusted

s ,
no verbal reply was given The king as if absorbed .

,
in meditatio passed into the garden o f his house

n , ,
followed by his son s envoy The r e walking up and

’
.
,
down with o ut a word h e is said to have str uck o ff

,
the heads of the tallest poppies with his stick Tired .
of aski g questions and waiting fo r an answe r the

n ,
messenger returned to G b ii his mission as he a , ,
th o ught unaccomplished H e reported what he had

,
.
said himself and what he had seen W hether fr om .
anger o r hatre d or native pride the king he said

, , , , ,
had not pronounced a single word A s soon as it .
was clear to S extus what his fathe r meant and what

was the pu rpo r t of his silent hints he rid himsel f of ,
the chie f men of the sta te S ome h e accused b e fore .
th e peopl e ; against others he took advantage o f t h e

odium they had themselves incurred M any were .
o penly executed ; some whom it would not hav e ,
looked well to accuse we r e put to death in secret , .
S ome were pe r mitted i f they chose to leave the , ,
count ry ; or they were d riven into banishment and ,
once out of the way thei r p r operty was fo r feited

, ,
j u t as in th e case o f those who had been put to

s
death Thence came largesses and spoils and in

.
,
the sweetness of private gain men lost thei r feeling

for t h e w rongs o f the n ation until dep r ived o f , ,
cou n sel and a id the state o f G a b ii was handed o ver

,
u nr esisti ng t o the Rom a n ki ng .
VO L . I.
LI V Y
LV . G a b ii s pac e m cum A e quo
re c e
p t i s T a r u in iu s
q
r um gente fecit f e d u s cum T s is e o it Inde ,
o u c r n v av .
ad e go t in urbana im u m c o nve rtit ; quorum erat

a an
p rimum t Iovis templum i n monte Tarpei o monu

u
mentum r egni sui m i is qu e re li qu e e t : T rq i io s no n n r a u n
2 reges ambos p t e m i s s e fi l i m p e rfe is s e

a r Et u t
v ov ,
u c .
libe r a a ceteris re l igio ib u s area esse t tota Iovis tem n
plique eius quod in e d ifi c re t u r e x u g r e fana a a ,

a u ar
s ac e ll
q ue s t a t u it
a quae aliq o t ibi a T, t i o r ege u ,
a
primum i n ipso discrimine adve r sus Ro m l m p g e u u u na
3 vota c o s e c r t a i
, gnu t q e postea fu e
a n au nt Inte r ra a u ra .
principia o d e d i h i s operis m o v is s e nume n ad

c n n u u
i n d ic a n d m ta n ti impe r ii molem traditur deos

a N m . a
cum om n ium s e ll o ru m c x a gu a t i o e s d m it t e e t
ac u r n a r n
4 aves in Termini fan o n o n

,
d d i e re ; i d q e ome n a x u
u iu m e ita c c e p t u m est no n m o t a m Te r mini

a
au
g q r u ,
sedem u m q e e m d e o ru m n on e o c a t m s a c t is
nu u u v u ra
5 sibi fi n ib u s fi m s t b il i q e c u n c t p o t e d e e
r a a Hoc a u a r n r .
e p e t i t t i s auspici o
r u c c e p t o s e c u t u m aliud magni
a a
p
t d i e m impe r ii p o rt e d e s p r d i g i m est : caput
u n n n o u
h m u um integra facie p e ie t i b u s fundamenta

an a r n
6 templi d i c i t u r pp r is s e Quae visa species haud

a a u .
pe r ambages rc e m eam i p e c a p u t q e r erum fo r e

a lll rl l u
o t e d e b t i d q u e it a
n e i e e vates quiqu e in urbe
a c c n r
p r , ,
1
i . e . th e Ca p it l i
o ne . So P r p rtiu
o e s c all s t h e C ap it li
o ne
Ju p it r e T a rp e i u s P a tr e ( IV . i
.
1 90
LI V Y
2 2 0-2 44
e ra n t q q ad ea rn r em c o s l t
uos d mue ex E truria n u an a
7 a c i e c v t A ge b t u
ra n ad impensas regis animus
. u a r .
It q e P o m e t i e
a u m b i e quae perducendo ad na
1
an u a ,
culmen Operi d e s t i a t e e t vix in fundamenta n a ra n ,
8 s e d it v e e E o magis Fabi o e t r
e m quod ra r ua
pp
u a
p q .
,
an t i q i o r est c e d i d e i m q
u d gin t ea sola talenta
,
r r ua ra a
9 fuis e quam P is o i qui q d r g in t milia pondo

s ,
n , ua a a
argenti s e p o s it in ea n rem s c ib it s m m m peen 2

a r r ,
u a
miae neque ex unius tum urbis p e d s e

p d m e t ra a ra n a
nulliu e horum quidem o p e u m fu n damenta n on

s n
3 r
e x s u p e ra t u ra m .
L V I In t e n t u s p e rfi c i e n d o
. templ o fabris u d iq e n u
ex Etruria a c c it is non pecu n ia solum ad id publica

est usus sed operis etiam ex plebe Q ui cum
, .
haud pa r vus e t ipse m il it i e d d e e t u r labor minus a a r ,
tame m plebs gr b t u r se templa deum e e d i ava a x a
2 fic e m ar i b s suis quam p s t q“an m e t ad alia u t

u o ua
s pecie minora sic l b o is l iq t o m io is t r d ,

a r a uan a r a u
b
ce t Opera foro
an in circo f c ie d s c l c m qu e
ur ,
s a n o oa a
m im m
ax receptaculum omnium p g m e t o u m
a , ur a n r
urbis sub terra agendam ; quibus d o b s o p e ib s

,
u u r u
vix nova haec m g i fi e t i q ic q m d q e a n c n a u ua a ae uar
3 p o t it H is l b o rib s exercita plebe quia e t urbi

u . a u ,
m l t it u d i e m ubi usus non esset oneri e b t r esse

u n , ,
r a u ,
e t colonis m it t e d is o c c p i lati n s imperii fines vole n u ar
D S b ll i ( f l iii
s
P m ti o e n ae P m pti ( P mp a e cu s c . . o n ae or ro
ti P
n a e orti ) Q on n ae .
2
m m m Gl
su q i m m m n q ip p m m m
a a r ea n u s : u a su a : u e su a
B kk e er .
3
Af t quid m n h m g ifi t i - M ) wh i h F ig ll
er e a ve a n c en ae a , c r e
p ll d
ex e gle f m l i 2
as a oss ro v . .
q m B kk q u ( q m O q D ) a
4
ua e er : ae ue : ue .
BOO K I . LV . 6 -L V I 3 .
the C ity and those who were called in from Etruria

to consider the matter This made the king all the .
more ready to pend money on the work Hences .
the P m t i spoils which had been destined to

o e an ,
ca r ry the building p to the roo f barely u fficed for

u ,
s
the foundations This disposes me to believe the

.
sta tement o f Fabiu ( who is be ides the earlie rs , s ,
writer ) that the spoils were only forty talents rathe r ,
than P i o s who write that forty thousand pounds

s
’
,
s
o f silver were put aside fo this w ork S o great a r .
sum f money could not be expected from the booty

o
o f a single city f that time and there is no building

o , ,
even among those o f our own day fo r the fo d ,

un a
tions f which it would not be more tha n enough

o .
LVI Being intent upon compl eting the temple the

.
,
king called in workmen from every quarter o f Etruria ,
and used fo r this purpose not o l y the state f nds n u
but labourers drawn from the commons This work .
was f from light in itsel f and w added to their

ar ,
as
military service Yet the plebeian felt less abused

. s
at having to build with their own hand th e temples s
o f the gods than they did wh en they came to be

,
trans ferred to other ta sks al o which while le s in s , ,

s
show were yet rathe r more laboriou

,
I mean th e s .
erection o f seats in the circus and the con truction ,

s
underground o f the G reat S ewer as a receptacle f r , o
all the o ff courings o f the C ity —two works f which

s ,
or
the e w S plendour of these days has scarcely bee n

n
a ble to produce a match A fter making the plebeians .
toil at the e hard task the king felt that a populace

s s,
which had now no work to do was only a burde n

t o the C ity ; h e wished more o ver by sending out , ,
settlers t o extend the frontie r s o f his dominions

, .
LI V Y
bat S ig i m C i rc e io s q u e colonos misit praesidia
,
n a
,
’
urbi futura terra m riq e a u .
4 Haec agenti p o te t m te rr ibile visum : anguis ex

r n u
columna lignea e l p s s cum terrorem f g m qu e i a u u a n
r egia 1 fe c is s e t ip s i s regis non tam subito pavo r e

,
u
5 p e c u l i t pectus quam
r s im
, p e it curis
l It q u e
an x n v . a
cum ad publica p o d igi Et s i tantum vates adhi r a ru c
be e tr n hoc e l u t domestico e t e rit u s visu De l

u r, v x r
phos ad maxime i l it m in t erris oraculum mitte r e nc u
6 t t u it ;
s a eque respo n sa s o t i m ulli alii c o m m it t e re
n r u
au s s du o s fi l i o s pe r ignotas ea tempestate terras

u ,
7 ig no t i o a ma r ia i n G
r e c i m misit Titus e t A ru s
ra a . r n
p r o fe c t i C omes . i i s d d i t us L I n ni s Brutus Ta r
a . n
quinia soro r e r egis n atus iu v e n is longe alius i ge 2 ,

n nn,
quam cuius s im l t io e m i d u e a t Is cum primores

u a n n r .
civita tis in quibus f t e m suum ab v u c u lo inte r

,
ra r ,
a n ;
fe t m a d i s s e t n eque in animo su o q u i q am regi

c u u ,
c u
t i m e d m neque in fortuna c o c p i s c e d m reli

n u n u n u u
quere s t t u i t c t e m p t u q e tutus esse ubi in iure

a ,
on u
8 pa r um p ra e s id esset Erg o ex indust r ia factus ad

n .
i m i t t i o e m s t u l t it i e cum se suaque p a e d e esse

a n a ,
r a
r egi s i e e t B r uti quoque haud b it cognomen u t

n r ,
a nu ,
sub eius o b t e t u c o g o m i is liberator ille populi

n n n
9 Romani animus latens p p e i etu tempo r a sua Is

o r r r .
tu rn 3 ab T qu i iis ductus Delphos l d ib i m v e ri u s

ar n ,
u r u
quam comes aureum baculum i c l u s u m corne o cavat o

,
n
r gi B e D a r gi m o
a u er ? e a .
i g ii Al d m g i g i n
n en a
'
t m D;
: n m nen o .
3
u cu .
L it re al l
y Du ll a d r .
LI V Y
ad id baculo t l is s e do n um A p o l l i i d ic it u r per m
u n ,
a
bages e fli gi e m ingenii sui Quo p o s t q m e t m . ua v n u
est p e fe c t is patris m a d t is cupido i e s it im o s

,
r n a nc s an
iuv e um n s c i s it d i ad quem e o m regnum R

c an ,
ru o
manum esset e t r m E i fi m p e u v o c e m v n u u . x n o s c
r e d d i t m fe ta
“ 1m p e i m summum Romae habe
ru n r u
,
bit qui vestrum primus o i u v e e s osculum matri

, ,
n ,
l
tu e t i r T q .i ii t l
Sarextus qui
u Romae
n e
,
l i ct s u ,
r u
f e a t ig s responsi e e rs imperii esset rem

u r ,
n a ru
p q x ue ,
summa ope t e i i b e t ; ipsi inte r se uter prior

ac r u n ,
cum Homam e d is e t matri osculum daret sorti per

r s , ,
m i tt t
un Brutus alio ratus s p e c t e P y t h i m c e m
. ar ca vo
v e l t si p r olapsus
u e c id i s s e t t e r m osculo o t ig i t
c r a c n ,
scilicet quod ea communis mate r omnium m o t l i m r a u
esset R e d it m inde Homam ubi adver us B t l o s

. u ,
s u u
bellum summa vi p b t ar a a ur .
L V I I A d e m B utuli h b e b t gens t in c
. r a a an ,
u a
regione atque in ea e t t e d i it iis p e p ll e s E a a v ra o n . a
que ipsa causa belli fuit quod rex Romanu cum ipse ,
s
ditari e h t s m g ifi e t i p b l i o m p e m
,
x aus u a n c n a u c ru o ru ,
2 tum p e d d e l e i e p Op l iu m a mimos s t d e b t
ra a n r u ar u a ,
praeter aliam s p e b i m r egno i f s t s etiam quod u r a n e o
se in f b m m i i te
a s ac servili tam diu h b i t o s
ro r u n s rn a
3 ope r e ab rege i d ig b t T e m p t t res est si

n na an ur . a a
primo impetu capi A rdea posset Ubi id parum pro .
T a rq u in ii , u t 5 T a rq u in i u s n T a rq u in i u s S EX 0 .
BOO K I . Lv 1
‘
.
9
—L v n .
3
of cornel wood hollowed o t to receive it as a gift

,
u ,
to A pollo and a roundabout indication o f his own

,
character W hen they came there and had carried

.
,
out their father s instructions a desire sprang up in’
the h eart o f the youth to find out which one of

s s
them should be king at Rome From the depth o f . s
the cavern this answe r they say was returned The , ,
highest power at Rome shall be h i young men who s, ,
s hall be first among you to kiss his mother The .
T q u i ii anxious that S extus who had been le ft in

ar n , ,
Rome might know nothing o f the answer and hav e

,
no hare in t h e rule gave orders t h t t h e incident

s ,
a
’
s h ould be ke p t strictly secret between themselve as s,
they decided by lot which should be fir t upon their s ,
retu r n to Rome to give their mother a kiss Brutus

, .
thought the P ythian ut t era n ce had another meaning ;

pretending to stumble he fell a d touched his lips to ,
n
Ea r th evidently regarding her as the common mother

,
o f all mo r tals They then returned to Rome where
.
,
preparations fo wa r with the Butuli were being r
pushed with the greatest vigour .
LV l I A rdea belonged to t h e Rutuli who were a

.
,
nation o f commanding w ealth f that place d ,

or an
‘
period This very fact w the cause of the war since

. as ,
t h e Roman king was eager not only to enrich him

sel f impoveri hed as he was by th e splend ou r of his
,
s
public works but al o to appea e with booty the feel

,
s s
i g o f the common people ; who besides the enmity

n ,
they bore th e mona r ch fo other acts o f pride were r ,
especially resentful that the king should have kept

them employed s o long as artisans a n d doi g the work n
of slaves A attempt was made to capture A rdea by

. n
assault Having failed in this th e Romans i nvested

.
,
LI VY
c e s s it , obsidione m premi h o stes

un it i o n ib u s q u e coe
p t i .
4 In his s t t i i s t fi t longo magis quam ac r i bello

a v ,
u ,
satis libe ri o m m e t e t p im o rib u s t m e magis

c a us ra n ,
r a n
5 quam m il it ib u s ; regn quidem i e e s i t e d m uv n n r u
otium c o i ii s c o m is t io i b s qu e i nte r se t e e b t
nv v a n u r an .
6 Forte p o t t i b s his apud S ean T rq u i i m ubi e t

u x . a n u ,
C o ll t i s ce
a b t T q i i s Egern fi l i s incidit de
nu na a ar u n u u ,
u x or i b u s m e t i o ; suam quisque laudare miris m o dis

n .
7 Inde certamine e s o C o ll t i s e
g t
acc verbis opus
n a nu n a
esse paucis id quidem h o ris posse s i i quantum

,
c r ,
ceteris p e s t e t Lucretia sua ra Quin si vigor i e n .

,
uv
tae i e s t c o n s c e d im u s e qu o s i i s im s q e prae
n ,
n nv u u
sentes s t ru m ingenia ? Id i qu e p e t t is s im m
no ra cu s c a u
sit quod e c o p i t o viri d e t o c re i t ulis

1
n na a v n u c ur r co .
8 I c l e
n a u t
“
vino ; A ge sane !
ra n omnes ; it t is c a
equis v o l n t Ro m a m Quo cum primis se i t e

a a . n n
9 d e t ib u s t e e b i s p e
n e is s e n t
n e
p g r t inde C olla
rv n ,
r un
tiam ubi L ,
t i m h u d q u qu m
u c re t regias
a u a a a u n ru s ,
quas in convivio l q e cum e q l i b s v id e n t ux u u a ua u ra
tempus t e re t e s sed nocte sera d e d it m lanae inter

n ,
a
l c b
u u t e s ancillas in medio
ra n e d i m sede tem i a u n n
v e iu tn M uliebris c e t m i i s laus penes Lu e t i m

n . r a n cr a
l o fuit A d v e ie s vir T rq u i ii q e e x e p t i benigne ;

. n n a n u c
vict or m it c o m it e r i it a t regios i u e e s Ibi

ar us nv v n .
1
n e c o p in a t o
2
R 9“ : n e c in o p i n a t o (nec i nop na i t o P ) n : in
n e c o p in a t o H eer wa gen .
1
A s i m il r a s ce n e is im gi d a ne b y T b u ll u s , i 1 . iii . 8 3 ff .
f th v thi m '
(p . 2 11 o e olu m e in s se es ) .
1 98
LI VY
Se x . T a rq u in i u m mala l ibido Lu e t i e per vim stu cr a
“
p ra n dae capit ; cum forma tum p e t t c s t it s s c a a a a
1 1 i n c it a t . Et tum quidem ab nocturno i v e l i ludo u na
in castra e d e t r un .
L V I I I P aucis i t e ie c t is d ie b s S e T rq i i s
. n r u x . a u n u
inscio C ollatino cum comite uno C l l t i m venit o a a
2 Ubi e e p t s benigne ab i g
x c is c o s il
u cum post n ar n n
ce m in h o spitale cubiculum d e d
na t s esset amo r e uc u ,
ard ens p o s t q m satis tuta circa p it iq e om n es

,
ua so u
v id b e tu stricto gladio ad d m i e t e m Lu c re t i m
an r, or n a
venit s i is t q e manu m l i e is pecto r e oppresso

n ra u u r
“
Tace Lucretia i qu it ; S e x T q i i s sum n ar u n u
°
, , .
ferrum in manu est ; moriere si e m i s e is c e m ,

r vo .
3 C m pavida ex somno mulier

u ll m p em prope nu a o ,
mortem imminentem v id e e t tum T q i iu s f t e i r ,

ar u n a r
am m
o re orare m i s e e p re ib s minas versare in
, ,
c r c u ,
4 omnes partes m l i e b e m im u m Ubi o b s t i t mu r an . na a
vid e b t e t ae mortis quidem m etu i n li i addit ad nc n ar ,
met m d e d e u s : cum mortua i g l t m s e m

u c u u a u rv u
nudum p o s it m ait t in sordido adulteri o necata u ru ,

u
5 di t
ca Quo terrore cum i is s e t o b t i t m pudi
ur . v c s na a
i t i m v e t vi victrix
c a l 1
libido p fe t s q e inde
u ,
ro c u u
T q i iu s fe r ox e p g t o decore muliebri e s set

ar u n x u na ,
Lucretia maesta tanto malo t i m Ro m m eundem nun u a
ad p t re m A d e mq e ad vi r um m it t it u t cum sin
a r a u ,
1
v elu t vi i tri x M
v c . M u ell er : u e l u t u i c t ri x n .
BOO K I . Lv n . I O —L V l l l .
5
that Se t u s T rqu i iu s was seized with a wicked desire

x a n
to de b auch Lucretia by force ; not only her beauty ,
but her proved chastity as well provoked h im , .
Howe v e r fo r the present they ended the boyish

,
prank o f the night and r et rned to th e cam p u .
L V I I I W hen a fe w days had gone by S extus

.
,
T q u i i u s without letting C l l t i u s know took a

ar n ,
o a n ,
single attendant and went to C o ll t i Being kindly a a .
welcomed for no one suspected his pu r pose h e was

, ,
brought a fter dinner to a guest chamber Burning - .
with passion h e waited till it seemed to him that l l

, a
about him was secu r e an d everybody fast asleep ;

then drawing his sword he came to the sleepi g
, , n
Lucretia H olding the woman down with his le ft

.
hand o n her breast he said Be still Lucretia ! I , , ,
am S extus T rqu i i u s My swo r d is in my ha n d

a n . .
Utter a s o und and you die ! ,

I n a ffright th e w o ma n
started out of her sleep No help was in sight but .
,
only imminent death Then T qu i iu s began t o . ar n
declare his love to plead to mingle th r eats with

, ,
prayers to bring every resou r ce to bear upon he r

,
woman s hea rt W hen he found her obdurate and

’
.
not to be moved even by fea r o f death he went ,
farther and threatened her with disgrace saying that ,
when she was dead h e would kill his slave and lay
him naked by her side that sh e might be said t o ,
have been put to death in adultery with a man of

base co n dition A t this dread ful prospect her re olut e
. s
modesty was ove r come as if with force by his vic , ,
t o ri o u s lu s t ; a n d T q i i u s depa r ted exulting i

ar u n his , n
co n quest o f a woman s honour Lucretia grieving ’

.
,
at her great disaste r di patched the same message to ,

s
he r fathe r i n R ome and t o he r husband at A rdea °

LI V Y
guli fi d e l ib s amicis e i n t ita facto m t t q e
s u v n a a u ra o u
6 O pus esse ; r em t cem incidisse S p Luc r etius

a ro . .
cum P V alerio V l e s i fi l io C o ll t i s cum L Iu i

. o ,
a nu . n o
Bruto venit cum quo fo rte Homam e d ie s ab u n t io

,
r n n
uxoris er t c o e t s L c e t i m s e d e t e m maes
a nv n u . u r a n
7 tam cubiculo i e i t A d e t s u o u m lac r i

in nv n un . v n u r
m a e ob o rt a e q u a e re n t i qu e v iro S a tin s a lv e ?
”
1
,
M i n im e quid e n im salvi est m u lie i

”
in q u it ; , r
a m is s pudicitia ? V estigi viri alieni C lla t i e in

a a ,
o n ,
l e t sunt tuo ; ceterum corpus est tantum i o l a t u m

c o v ,
animus i s o s ; mors testis c rit S e d date d e t e r

n n . x as
8 fid e m q u e haud i mpune adulter o fo r e S e x est Tar . .
quini s qui hostis pr o h o s p it e priore n o cte vi a r ma

n ,
t s mihi s i b i q u e si v o s vi r i esti
'
u p e s,
t i fer m h i s, u nc
9 b s t l it gaudium
a u Dant o r dine omnes fi d e m ; c o n
.
s ol an t e
ur a
g m animi e te do
ra o m ab co ct in av r n n x a a a
au ct emor del icti : mentem peccare n on co r pus e t , ,
1 0 unde consilium f e it culpam abesse a

“ uVo s r in .
”
, ,
quit ,
i d e it i s quid illi d e b e t r
v r eg o me etsi pec
,
a u
cato absolvo supplicio n o n libero ; nec ulla d e i d e

, n
11 i p di
n u L u c e t i e exemplo i e t
ca r C u l t ru m quem
a v v .
,
sub ve te b d it m h b e b t c m in co rde d e fi git p ro

s a u a a , u
1 2 l a p s a q e i n v o l n u s m o ribunda c e c i d it
u C o n c la m a t .
vi r p a t e q e r u .
al v Q l R 1
s e sa u ae .
LI V Y
LIX Br tus illis l u ct o c c u p t i s l t m ex vol
. u u a cu ru
nere L e t i e extractum m u cr tem 1

cruore prae
a an an
se tenen “ Pe hu i q it “
s, s t is s im m ante r n c,
”
n u ca u
,
r egiam i i i m anguinem i n sur a

q e di t estes s u ro , vo u , ,
facio me L T q i i m S uperbum cum scelerata

. . ar u n u
coniuge e t omni l i b e u m stirpe ferro igni q ro r , ,

ua
2
cum
q ue d e n iqu e v i p o s s im , e x s e c u t u ru m nec il l o s
h ec alium
q q regnare u emRomae p ss u am m a u ru .
2 C lt u m d e i d e C ollatino t d i t inde L
ru n e t io ac ra ,
u cr
V alerio s t p e t ib s miraculo rei unde novum in

,
u n u ,
Bruti pectore ingenium Ut p r e e p t m erat iurant ; . a c u
to t i q u e ab lu o t versi in ira m Brutum iam inde ad a ,
e p gx u d m regnum o c
n an u t e m sequuntur d c e m v an u .
3 Elatum domo L eti e orpus in forum d e fe u t u cr a c r n
co i e t q e miraculo u t fit rei novae atque indigni

nc n u , ,
tate homines P se quisque s e l s e giu m ac vim . ro c u r
q e
u nt
ru M o e t cum pat is
ur . r s
m e s t it iv tum Brutus a a,
castigator l im m atque i e t i m q u e re l l ru m
acr a ru n r u a
u t e quod viros
or u quod Romanos d e c e re t a r ma
a c
q , ,
5 c p i e d i adver us h o s t il i
a n us s F e o is s im s quis
s a a o . r c u
que i e m cum armis v l t i s a d e t ; sequitur

u v nu o un ar u s
e t cetera iuventus Inde patre p e s id e e l ic t C o l . ra r o
l ti e
a a u s t d ib
4
s ue
q
c dati s o e quis ue m m t m ,
n u o u
re ib s u t i re t c e t e i armati duce Bruto Homam

u n n a r
g ,
6 p o fe c t i
r Ubi e o e t m est q u a c u m q e i c e d it
. v n u ,
u n
m 1
t man a n m e t Q an a n e .
d 9
iq en M d ig d h i u e (d i h i a 0) n
v e nc e nc .
p tri R ; p tr ( p tr R ) Q
3 2
a s a es a e .
p
4
tr p
a i de l i t C
ra e s l l t i [ d ep rt re ] W l t c o o a ae a o as a er s
p ta i p rri ( a
p ri p
s r
or p ri ) p a i d i orl i t C lla ti s or a s ra e s o re c o o a ae
ad p rt n
o as .
2 04
BOO K I . e . 1 —6
LIX Brutus while the others were bsorbed in

.
,
a
grie f drew out the kni fe from L e t i s wound and

,
ucr a
’
holding it up dripping with go r e exclaimed By this “

, , ,
blood most chaste until a prince wronged it I swear

, , ,
and I take you gods to witne that I will pursue , ,

s s,
Lucius T q i i u s S uperbus and his wicked wife and

ar u n
a ll his children with swo r d with fire aye with , , ,
whatsoever viol e ce I may ; and that I will su ffe rn
neither them nor any other to be king in Rome ! ”
Th e kni fe he then pas ed to C l l t i u s and from him s o a n ,
to Lucretius and Valerius They were dumb founded .
at this miracle W hence cam e this new spirit in the

;
breast f B rutus ? A s he bade them S they swore

o ,
O .
G rie f was swallowed up in anger ; and when Brutus

summoned them to make war from that ve ry moment
on the powe r of the kings they followed his lead , .
They carried out L e t i corp e from the h ouse u cr

’
a s s
and bore it to t h e market place whe r e men crowded -

,
about them attracted as they were bound to be by

, , ,
th e m in g character f the strange event and its

'
a az o
heinousness Every man had his own complaint t o

.
make Of the prince s r me and h i violence They ’
o 1 s .
w ere moved not only by the father s sor r ow but by

’
, ,
the fact that it was Brutus who chid thei r tears and
idle lamentations and urged them t o take up the
sword as b e fi t t e d men and Romans again st tho e
, ,
s
who had dared to treat them as enemies The .
bolde t of the young men seized their weapons and

s
o ffe r ed themselves fo service and the others followed r ,
their example Then leaving L e t i s father t o

.
,
u cr a
’
guard C o ll t i and posting sentinels so that no one

a a,
might announce the r s ng to the royal family the i i ,
r est equipped for battle and with Brutus in co m mand

, ,
s e t o ut for Rome O nce the r e wh e e e t h e i armed r v r r

'
.
,
LI V Y
a rmata m l t it d p e m ac t m l t m facit ; r u r
u u o a v or u u u
sus ubi t i primores civitatis vide n t q id q id

an e re ,
u u
7 sit haud temere esse t Nec minorem m t m re n ur . o u
an im m Romae tam t
o ru r es facit quam C l l t i e a ro x o a a
f t
e c e ra Ergo ex omnibus locis urbis in forum cu rr i
.
tur Quo simul

. t m est p ad t ib v enm u ,
ra e c o r unu
c el m in quo tum m gi t t forte Brutus erat

e ru ,
a s ra u ,
8 populum d it Ibi oratio habita q q m

a v ocav ne ua ua
eius pectoris i g e q e q od simulatum ad eam n nu u u
diem f t de vi ac libidine S
u e ra ,
T q i i de ex . ar u n ,
stupro infando L ti t miserabili d de

u c re ae e cae e,
orbitate T i ip it i i cui morte fil i e causa mortis

r c n ,
a
9 i d ig i
n ac m i b il i esset A ddita superbia
n or s e ra or .
ip i regis m i i q
s us t labores p l b i in fo sa s
se r ae ue e e s s
l
c oac a sq h i d ue d m
ex Romanos
au r e n
; homi as e e rs a e
nes i t ,
omnium ci ca p p l m p i fi
v c o re s ac r o u o ru ,
o ces
l p i id
a p ro b l l t ib factos Indigna S Tulli
c as e a or us . er .
r eg s memo r ata d s e t invecta

i
p i pat
cae r is e c or or ne
fando h i l fili i ve t iq
cu olt p t a, m di n v oca ue u o re s a re n u .
His t i ib q c r edo l iis quae praesens re r um

a ro c o r us ue, ,
a ,
i n d i gn i t a s h a u d q u a q u a m l
re a t u s c ri
p t o ri b u s fa c il ia
s u b i c it , m e m o ra t is incensam m u l t it u d in e m e
p pr u l it
u imperium regi b r g e t e s u l e s q e esse i

t a o ar x u u b e re t
L T q i i m cum coniuge a l ib e is Ipse

. ar u n u c r . i u n io
1
F o r t h e C e l e r es , s e e 8 an d o e xv
H J Ed wa d s ( a d
. nt . . . r
loo ) . nks th i
a th t
t h e o ffi c e c o m p i s e d b o m l a y an d c v l r th i it r i i
ti
fu n c o n s -t h e c o m m a n d o f t h e c a v a l y ( cf t h e M a gis te r r .
Eq u i tu m in e p u b l c a n r i ti
m e s ) a n d t h e p e s d en c y ( as d e p u ty r i
i ii
o f t h e k n g) o f c o m t a a n d s e n a e t .
2 06
LI V Y
rib u s , qui
nomina d a b a t l e c t is m t is q e ad
u l t ro n ,
ar a u
c o c it
n d m inde adversus regem e e i t m A d e m
an u x rc u r a
in castra est p o fe t u s : imperium in urbe L e t i o r c u cr ,
r e fe c t o u r bis iam ante ab rege instituto

a e l i i t r
p q ,
n u .
13 Inter h c t m l t m Tullia dom o p o f git e s e

un u u u r u x
c ra n t i b u s ,
q u acu m qu e in c e d e b a t , in v o c an t ib u s q u e
p a re n furias
tu m viris l i e ib s
q e m u r u u .
LX Harum r e r um . t ii s in castra p e rl t i s cum nun a
r e n ova t re p id u s rex p e g e re t Homam ad compri r
mendos m o tus fl e it viam Brutus — s e s e r t enim ,

x n a
a d e t mv n e ob i s fie e t
u — d e m q e fere tempore
n v u r eo u
d i e s i s i t i e ri b u s Brutus A d e m T q i i s R m m
v r n r a ,
ar u n u o a
2 v e e n t Ta r quinio c l s e portae e s il i m q e in
ru n . au a x u u
dictum : l ib e r t o re m urbis l e t castra a e e e

p a a acc r ,
e t i q e inde liberi r egis

x ac u D p t e m s e c t i sunt . uo a r u ,
qui e s u l a t m C e e in Et r uscos ier t S e Tar

x u a r nu . x .
i i s G b i o s tamquam in suum r egnum

a fe t s ro
q u n u p c u
ab l t o ib s e t e m s im l t t i m quas sibi ipse cae

u r u v ru u a u ,
3 d ib u s p i i s ue c
q o
ra i e t 1
n est i t e f ct s nc ra ,
n r e u .
L T q i i s S uperbus e g it an os quinque
. ar u n u r n av u
et i gi t i
v
2
R e g t m Romae ab condita urbe ad
n . na u
4 l i b e ra t a m an n os d u c en tos q u a d ra
g i n ta
q u attu or .
Du o c on su le s inde c om it i i s a p e fe t o
c e n t u ria t i s ra c
urbis ex o m m e t c n a rii s Ser . Tulli creati sunt L , .
Iu i s Brutus e t L
n u . T a rq u i n i u s C o l l a t i n u s .
d
c o n c i e ra t M : c o n c iu e ra t H R DL c o n c i t a u e ra t a .
q i qu u n e et v i gi n t i M V et X L 11 .
1
The th y w r ll d fr m t h ti m f t h
c on s u ls , as e e e ca e o e e o e
D m vir t
ece w r ri gi ll y d i g t d p r t r
a e, Liv y
e e o na es na e ae o s
is a n ach r i ti T h t ri t m i t i w t h a m b ly
on s c . e cen u a e co a as e sse
o f th p pl b y e t ri eo l i fi d b y S rvi p ri m ri ly
e cen u es , as c a ss e e us, a
for m i l it ry d I t i m r l i k l y t h t Lu r ti
a en
p r id d
s. s o e e a c e us es e
2 08
BOO K I . L IX . 1 2 — Lx .
4
voluntarily gave in thei r n ames and arming them ,
set out fo the camp at A rdea to arou e the troops

r s
against the king The command at Rome he left .
with Lucretius who had been appointed P re fect of

,
the C ity by the kin g some time be fo r e D uring , .
this confu ion Tullia fl ed from he r house c u rsed

s ,
wherever she went by men and wome n who called ,
down upon he r the fu r ies that avenge the w rongs

o f kind r ed .
LX W hen the n ews of these events r eached the

.
camp the king in alarm at the unexpected da ge r

, ,
n ,
set out f Rome to put down the revolt B r utus who

or .
,
had perceived the king s approach made a circuit t o ’
avoid meeting him and at almost the same moment , ,
though b y di fferent roads B r utus re ched A rdea and ,

a
T rq i i s Rome A gainst T q i i u s the gates were

a u n u . ar u n
cl o sed and exile was pronounced The lib e rator o f .
the C ity was r eceived with rejoicings i n the camp ,
an d t h e sons Of the king were d r iven out o f it Two .
of th e m followed their father and went into exile at ,
C e re in Etruria
a ,
S extus T q i iu s depa r ted fo r
. ar u n
G a b ii as though it had been his own kingdom and

, ,
there the revenger o f ol d quarrels which h e had s ,
brought upon himsel f by murde r d rapine slew him an , .
Luciu T q i i s S uperbu ruled fo r five and

s ar u n u s
twenty years The rule f the king s at Rome from

. o ,
its fou dation to its liberation lasted two hund r ed

n ,
and forty -fou r yea rs Two consuls were th en chosen .
in the centuriate comitia under the presidency o f ,
the P re fect of the C ity in acco rdance with the com ,
m ent i e s of S e r vius Tullius

ar
1
These we r e Luciu s .
J unius B r utus and Lucius T rq i i s C o l l t i u s a u n u a n .
ov r t h l ti i t h p ity f i t rr x ( t wh i h ffi
e e e ec on n e ca ac o n e e o c o ce
Di n iv 8 4 y L r ti
o . . saw p p i t d b y B r t ) th a i
s uc e us as a o n e u us n n
th t f p r f t
a o e ec .
L IBR I I P E R I OC H A
A . A DV EN T U S A e n e a e in It a l ia m e t re s ge s ta e . A s c an i
r gnu m A lba t d i p S il i m N m it i fi li
e e e e n ce s v o ru . u or s a a
M rte comp re sa n a ti R o mulus e t R e mu

a s A m l iu s . u s
obt t
ru n caU rb R omulo cond ita
us . S n tu l tu s
s a . e a s eo .
C m S b i i b ll t m
u a S p olia p im F r trio Iovi l ata
n s e a u . O a e e .
In i o
c u r as
p p ulu d i il
F i d t V i t s i t i v sus . en a es , e en es v c .
Ro m ul t u s c o n s e c ra u s .
N m P ompi l iu ritu
u a acrorum t d id it P orta Iani s s s ra .
clau a s .
T u l lu H t il i s A lbano d i ip it
os T ig m i
us m s r u . r e n oru
u
p g na M tti F
. f t i pp l i
e i m T ullu s f ulmin
u con
e su c u . e
s u m p tu s .
A n cu s M arciu s Latino s d e v ic it Os t ia m ,
c on d id i t .
T a rq u in iu s atino u p ravit circu m f cit

P r is c u s L s s e , e ,
fi i t im
n d i i t muro
os t cloaca f cit
ev c ,
s e s e .
S rvio T ullio cap u t ar it

e S rviu T ulliu V i t s . e s s e en es
d i it t po p ulu m in cla
ev c e d i i it d m Di nae d d i ss es v s , se e a e
cavit .
T q i i ar S u p rbu
u n us occi o T llio r gnu m i e it s s u e n v as .
T ll i
u l
ae i p t m
s ce u s T urnu H d n i p T a re . s er on u s er ar
q i i
u n u m i B ll u m m
occ s u s V l i F .r u d S e cu u sc s . a e ex .
T q i i G abi d i p t i
ar u n C ap itolium i h t m T
re .
2
nc oa u . er
moni h I s
3
et ara m i non p t
u v en t L ucr tia
ae e ov er o u e ru n . e
s e oc c id i t S u p rbi p l i
. R g t m e t anni C C LV ex u s o . e na u es s .
1
cu ri
S i gon iu s : c e n u a s M S S
as t ri .
3
d ire p t i AI S S J ( G a b in i ) re c e p t i K o r n em a n n .
3
T e rm o n i s P i t h oeu s ( cf En n i u s , A n 4 79f P la t N u m a , . . . .
16 D io n H a l . iii
c re m o n a e M S S
.
( o v er wh i c h i n 0 is
. .
wr itt en v e l e m n e ) tr i .
LI V Y
B . L atin vi t i mont
’
s c s em A v e n t in u m a d s ign a v n
it , fi es
p r o t u l it , H o s t ia m c o l o n ia m d e d u x it , c a e r im o n ia s a Num a
in tituta
s s re n o v a v it .
H ic t e m p t a n d a e s c ie n t ia e A t ti N a v 1 a u gu r is cau a f s e rt u r
c o n s u l u is s e eum ,
an id de q uo c o git a r e t e fii i p o
c sse t;
q uod cu
- m il l e fi e ri po sse d i x is s e t , i u s s is s e cum n o v a cu la
cot m e p ra e m d ab Atto p t i f c t u m
e re , id q u e ro n us a .
R g it anni E r gnant L m D m
'
e n av s x x n n . 0 e e u cu o, e a
rati C i t h i fi li a T q i i Etru ca civitat R m m

or n us, ar u n s, s e, o a
v ni t t in m i it i A nci
e e a p t c T q i i P
an i i i no m n re c e us ar u n r sc e
f rre e
p i t t o
coe
p t mort m A n e i r gnu m s
p i t C e c e ex ce . .
en
tum i p tr n l l gi t L atino
a es b gi t lu d o
a e in circo ,
s su e ,
s
ed id it q i t m , c enturia u m pul i i t b m emuro c i rc u m s a av ,

ur e
d d it cloaca f it
e , O m s t ab A nci fi l ii
ec .
l
m g c su s es s , cu re
na t anni
sse n s x x x v r .
S it
u ccess i S rviu T ul l iu c natu e cap t iva nobili s s, s ex
C i l
o rn c u a n a , cui p u ro t h in cuni p o ito ca p ut ar e a uc s s si sse
t d i t m rat
ra u I e m p ri m u m gi t lu tru m
. s cen su d id i t , e ,
s con
q uo c n a xxx m il ia e s L di t p om riu m p t l i t esse cun u r, e ro u ,
col l urbi d i it Q i i l m V i m i l m A q il i m
es a ec u r na e , na e ,
es u nu ,
t mp l m Dia a
e u m L atini in A v ntino f cit
n e cu Int r; s e e . e
f cte ust a L ucio T ar q uinio F ri i fi l i

es con ilio fi l i ,
se o, s ae
uaeT l li m u
g t anni X L
ae , cu re n as s e s IIII .
Po t h s L T q i i unc S u p rbu n q u p atru m n q u

. ar u n us e s e e e e
p o p uli i r gnum i u ssu it I e m t circa in n v as . s ar a os se cu s
t di m
o i h bui t
a su B ll m a m V l i g . it t e u cu u sc s ess e ex
s
p l ii o sm t m p lu m in C a p i t olio Iovi f cit
e oru e G bi e . a os
d olo in p ot tat m ua m d gi t
es H ie fi l ii D l p h o
s
2
re e . u us s e s
p f t
ro e c i t l t ib
s e q uic on s u en m R om a g t us s e o ru e re na u ru s
“
R ossb ac h br a ck e s t th i s r r h fr
p a ag ap om R egn a v it t o f ea t
p o t e s t a t e in s u a m ed d . : po tes a ett sua M SS
2 1 2
S U M M A RY O F B OO K I
Having b e a te n t h e Latins
B . a i gn d th m
,
1
he ss e e th e
A ve ntine H ill ; p la nte d a co l ony at ti ; xt nd d Os a e e e th e
bound ari es an d r viv e ed th e c r moni
e e tabli h d es es s e by
Numa .
It w h ai d to h av k d t h au gur At t
as wh o is s
e e as e e , us
N i av u s , t t ki ll wh th r t h th ing h w th ink
to e s h is s , e e e e as
i g f coul
n o accomp li h d d wh n At t r p li d
d be s e an , e us e e
th at it coul to h v b id h im t wh ts ton in two with

d, a e ou a e e
a razor ai forth with to h av d on

. A t t u s is s d e e.
H r i gn d 2 4 y ar
e In h i r i gn Lucu m o
e e f th e s . s e , so n o e
C orint h ian De m aratu am from T q i ii an Etru can s, c e ar u n , s
city t R om ,
d b in g r c iv d into t h fri n d h ip f
o e , an e e e e e e s o
A n cu sb gan to b ar t h nam f T q i i P i
e e d e e o ar u n us r s c u s , an
aft r t h d at h f A u ucc d d to t h e k i g h i p H
e e e o no s s ee e n s . e
a d d d a h un dr d m mb r to t h
e nat ubju gat d t h
e e e s e se e s e e
Latin ; gav g am
s in t h circu ; incr a d t h
e es e s e se e c en
t i
u r es o f k nigh t urround d t h city with a wall mad s s e e e
se w r H w kill d b y t h on f A n ou aft r ruling

e s . e as e e s s o s e
38 y r ea s .
Hi ucc or w S e rviu T ulliu

s s n
ess f a nob l as s s, so o e
wo m a a cap tiv from C orniculu m It i r lat d t h at

n ,
e . s e e
w h n h w till a bab l y ing in t h crad l h i h ad
e e as s e, e e, s e
bur t into flam

s H con d uct d t h fi r t c n u es d. e e e s e s s an
cl o d t h lu trum
se d it i ai d t h at
e s w ,
an s s e re
a ssessed H larg d t h p om riu m ad d d to t h city
. e en e e e e e
th Q uirinal V iminal
e d E q ui l in H il l ;
, d with , an s e s an
th L atin
e r ct d a t mpl to Diana s e eth Av tin
e e e on e en e .
H w e kil l d b y L uciu T q i i
as f P i
e on s ar u n u s , s on o r s cu s ,
th ad vice f h i o w d augh t r T u l l ia aft r r igning

e o s n e , e e
44 y ar e s .
A ft r h im L uciu T q i i
e S u p rb u i d t h k ing s ar u n us e s se z e e
d m o wit h out t h
,
aut h ori ation f it h r F ath r or e z o e e e s
P op l
e H k p t ar m d m
e . about h im to p rot ct h im
e e e en e .
H wag d w
e wit h t h V ol cie d out f t h ir p oi l
ar e s , an o e s s
built a t m p l to J u p it r on t h C apitol H brou gh t

e e e e . e
G b ii un d r h i way b y g uil
a W h n h i on h d gon
e s s e . e s s s a e
t D lp h i
o d w r con u l t ing t h oracl
e an to w h ic h f
e e s e e as o
i . c . Ancus .
e ss e t ,
d ict u m es t eu m re g na t u ru m q ui p ri m u m m t m a re
o s c u la t u s ess e t . Q uo d r p n um
es o s cum p al i t r in t r
i si e e
p r e t a re n t u r , I u n iu s B ru t u q ui
s ,
cu m hi p f t s rat ro e c u s e ,
ro l a p s u m se s im u l a v it et t e r ra m o s c u l a tu s est ; id q u e
p
fa ctum iu e s e v ntu
e s c o n p roi mp ot nt r
b a v it . Na m cu m e e
se g d
e re n T q o S u p rbu
ar om
u in ius in od ium s i e s n es u
add i
ux t sse d u l t i m u m pro p t r
,
a p g t m nocturn vi e ex u na a a
a S x to fi li
e iu L t i e p d i it i m q u d voca t
o e s u c re a u c a ,
ae a se o
p atr Te i i p i t
r c i t iro C olla
no t inoe b t t
v t inu l t o es a a na a
mor u s ei s t cultro
esse i t f i t B ruti o p ra maxim
se n er e c , e e
ex p lu sus t m
es g,
tcu xxv
re T u
n ass e c l an n o s . rn on s u e s
p ri m i cr e ati unt L I s i B ru t u L .T un us
q i i s C olla s . ar u n u
tinu s.
B OO K II
L I BE R II
I L I B ER I iam h in c populi R o mani res pace bello

.
que gestas n u o s magistratus

,
an i m p e i qu e legum ,
r a
2 p o t e t io n quam ra h o m in m
p er
g am Quae l ibertas
u a .
u t l e t ioa esset p o u m i regis superbia fe e t Nam

r r x c ra .
prio r es ita re g nt t haud i m m e i t o omnes dein

n a ru u r
ceps c o n d it o rc s p t iu m certe urbis quas novas ipsi

ar ,
sedes ab se c t e m l t it d i is d d id e t nume
au a u u n a ru n ,
3 r en tu r Nequ e m b igit u quin Brutus idem qui

. a r
ta n tum gl o ri e S uperbo exacto rege me r uit pessimo

a
publico id f c t u u s fuerit si lib e t t is im m t r e

a r , r a a u a
c u id i e
p p inor m regum
r l i c i regnum e x t o s i s s e t
u a u r .
4 Quid enim futurum fuit si illa p s t o m c o e ,

a ru nv na
ru mq plebs trans fuga ex suis p o p u l is sub tutela

ue , ,
inviolati templi aut l ib e t t e m aut ce rte i m p u n it a t e m r a
adepta sol ta r egio metu git i c o e p t esset tri

,
u ,
a ar a
b u i s p ro c e ll is a t in aliena u r be cum p t i b u s
n cn a r
5 serere c e t m i p i us u m
r a
q pignera
n a, c o ir
g m ac a n u u
l i b e ro m c i t s q u e i p s i u s soli cui longo tempore

ru ar a ,
6 a d s u e s it u a mimos c orum o s o ia s s e t ? Dis s i p t e

c r, c n c a a
r es o d m d l t e discordia fore n t quas f it tran

n n u a u a ,
ov
quilla m o d e t io impe ri coque n ut riendo p e d it

ra i, r ux
1
T is h s tt
a e m en t is t o o s w ee
pi g n , fo r L ivy no wh r e e a t t ri
b ut es any en l arg e m e n t of th e C ity t o Nu m a .
2 1 8
LI V Y
u t bonam fe rr e
fru g e m l i b e rt a t i s m a t u ri s ia m v i ri b u s
7 p osse t L ib e t t is autem originem inde magis quia

n . r a
annuum imperium o s u l e factum est quam quod c n ar
dem i t m q i qnu m sit ex r egia potestate n umeres

u u c ua , .
8 O mnia iu r a omma ns gn a p r1 m 1 c o s u l e s t e
,
i
e re ;i i n nu
id modo t m est e si ambo fasces h b e e t

c au u n , a r n ,
duplicatus te rr o r id e re t u B r utus p r io r concedente v r .
llega fasces habuit ; qui n o n c rio vindex l ib e t t is a r r a
9 fu e r t quam d e i d e custos fuit

a O mnium primum
n .
av id m novae l i b e t t i s populum
u e p o s t m od m
r a ,
n u
fle t i p re ib s aut donis e giis posset iu r e i r d

c c u r , u an o
1 0 d e git
a e m i e m Romae p s s
n o s reg n a r e
n De in d e a ur .
,
quo plus iri m i n s e t fre qu e n t i etiam o rd inis

v u na u a
f e e t c e d ib s r egis d e m i
ac r ,
a t m patrum u um e um nu u n r
p i
r m o ib u s e r
q e s t is gradus le o tis ad t r e c e t o u m
u r n r
l l s mm m
u C p l e v it ; t
a d it u m q e i n de fe rt r u t in
X ra u u
se tum
na v c re t r qui patres quique c o s c ip t i
o a n u n r
e sse t : co n scriptos videl icet novum s e t m a p

n ,
na u ,
p ell b t
a l ect s
an Id m i um quantum o .
p o fu it ad r r
co o di m
nc civita t is i ge d s qu e p t rib u s p l e b i s
r a un n o a
a mimos .
l I Re r um d e i d e d iv i ru m habita cu r a ; e t quia
. n na
quaedam publica sac ra pe r ipsos r eges f c t it t a e ra t a a n ,
t r y at r m i gh t b l l d p t
La e an sen ip t do e ca e a er c on s c r a s, an
it i p ib l th t Livy d F t ( p 2 54 M ) w r m i l d i
s oss e a an es us . e e s e n
sup p i g t h t rigi l ly t h p t w r
os n a l o f na e a r es e e on e c ass o sena
t r d th
o s an ip t i th r S C w y
e co n s c r t ano e . ee on a
’
s no e .
L iv y
2
p p r t h v am d t h t t h
ea s w t
o r a e a ssu e a e ne sen a o s
w r pl b i
e e b t t hi i
e lm t r t i ly wr g T h fi r t
e an s , u s s a os ce a n on . e s
2 20
BOO K I I . I . 6 —11 . I
where i t ripened power enabled it t o bear good

s s
fruit f liberty
o M o eover you may r eckon the b e
. r
ginning f liberty as proceeding rather from the

o
limitation f the consul authority to a year than

o s
’
from any diminution f their power compared with o
that which the kings had exercised A ll the rights .
of the kings and all their insignia we r e possessed

by the earliest consuls ; only one thing was guard ed
against that the terror they in pired should not be
— s
doubled by pe r mitting both to have the rod Brutus s .
was the first to have them with his colleague s con ,

’
sent and he proved as determined in guarding liberty

,
as he had been in asserting it To begin with when .

,
the people were still j ealous f their new freedom o ,
he obliged them to swear an oath that they would

su ffer o man to be king in Rome lest they might
n ,
later be turned from their purpose by the entreaties

or the gi fts of princes In the next place that the .
,
str ength of the se n ate might receive an added aug

m enta tion from the n umbers of that order he filled ,
up the list of the Fathers which had been abridged ,
by the late king s butcheries drawing upon the fore

’
most me n o f equestrian rank until he had brought

the total up to three hundred From that time it i s .
,
said was handed down the custom of summo ing

,
n
to the senate the Fathers and the Enrolled the ,
latter being the designation o f the new senators ,
who were appointed 1 This measure wa s wonder fully .
e ffective in promoting harmony in the state and t a
taching the pl ebs to the Fathers 2

.
I I M atters of wo r ship then received attention

. .
C erta in public sacrifices had habit ally been per u
formed by the kings i person and that thei r n ,
d fi it
e n ti f p l b i
e no at r
ce o r t V x ii 1 1
a e e an sen o oc c u s a . .
( 400 B . C .
VOL . I .
LI V Y
necub r egum desiderium esset r egem
i ifi l m , sa c r co u
2 creant Id sacerdotium p t ifi i b i
. e addi on c su ecer ,
ne
tus nom n h aliquid libertati cuius tunc prima

i i on os ,
erat cura fl e t A nescio an n m s d i q ea n

,
o i c re . c i i un u e r
m i im i qn rebus m i d modum
s ue s i t u n en o ex ce ser n .
3 C on su l i enim alterius cum nihil aliud

s ff d t , o en e re ,
1
n omen i is m i i t t i fuit i m m T q i i reg

nv u c v a : n lu ar u n os
no d a ; i it i m a P risco factum
su e sse r e gn a sse dein
n u :
Se T ll i m ;
r . u intervallo quidem facto b l it m
u ne o u ,
tamquam alieni regni S uperbum T q i i m l t ,

ar u n u ve u
h re d i t t m gentis
e a l e ac vi r epetisse ; pulso
e sc e e r
S uperbo penes C l l t i m imperium esse ; o s i a nu ne c re
4 T ar
q i i u n os
p i t s vivere Non place
r va r e o n omen .
,
p e i l
r c u o sum libertati esse Hic primo s e s im temp .
2
n
t an ti m uim sermo pe r t t m i it t m est dat s

an os o a c v a e a ,
so ll i i t m q e
c a
p m p l bu m B r utus ad
su s ic t m ne e e c on i on e
5 v o cat Ibi omnium primum ius i

. d m populi u ra n u
re c it t a m i e m regnare p
ne n nec esse Romae a s s u ro s
unde periculum l ib t t i f e t Id summa ope tu e n er a or .
dum esse neque l l m r em quae p t i e

u t con a eo er n a
t m
e d m
nen Invitum se dicere hominis causa nec
a .
, ,
di t c m fuisse mi caritas rei publicae

u ru i et non v n c er :
6 credere populum Romanum solidam l ib e t t m reci r a e
p e ra at m esse ; g i m genus r egi m nomenre non

u ,
a
2
1
o ffe n d e re t B a u er o ffe n d e r i t n . h ic Gr a ter : h in c Q .
LI V Y
solum in civitate sed etiam in impe r i o esse id o tfi
7 cere id obstare libertati H tu i q it tua “ un c
”
n u
, ,
.
,
voluntate L T q i i remove metum M e m in i

,
. ar u n , .
mus f t e m u e i e i s t i rege ; absolve b e e fi i m

,
a r, c s n c u
tuum fe h i ,
au e i m
g r nomen Res
nc tuasr tibi non u .
solum e d d e t cives tui c t e me sed si quid

r n au or , ,
deest m ifi e , g eb
un t A micus
c abi ; au exonera un .
c i it t e m
v a vano f s i t metu ; ita p e s su m estor an r ua
animis cum gente Tarquinia regnum h i c b it n a u
8 rum . C s li primo tam ovae r ei ac s b it e

on u n u a
a d m i t io i c l s e t v c e m ; dice r e d e i d e i ip i
ra n u ra o n nc en
tem primores civitatis c i m s is t t eadem multis rc u un ,
9 p re c ib orant us E t e t e i quidem m . eb t minus c r ov an
p o st
q m S p
ua Lucretius maior. e t t e ac dignitate ,
a a ,
soc er p ete e i p s i s agere varie rogando

ra r a l te is
u , a rn
sua de d q e n o i
p to t vinci se consens
u c e civitatis
,
u u
at e e t r t im e s con ul
r u e st m d m n pri ato sibi s n o o v
p , p u
eadem illa cum bonorum m i s i o e d d it a q e alia a s n a u
insuper ig ominia id n e t b di i t se o s l t u
acc er n ,
a cav c n u a
rebusque suis omnibus L i i m t s l t is civitate av n u ra n a
c e ss it Br tu ex senatus consulto ad populum

. u s
tulit u t o mnes T q i i e gentis e s l e s e s s t ar u n a x u en .
C l l e g m sibi
o a m it iis e t i t is e a it P
co Vale c n ur a cr v .
i m quo adiuto r e r eges e i e c e t

r u ,
ra .
BOO K I I . 11 . 6- 1 1
were not only present in the state but were actu ,
ally i n th it
au an obstacle and a stumbling block
or -
in the way of liber ty This fear he cried d o “ .

, ,
you yourself r emove Lucius T q i i s of your own ,

ar u n u ,
free will ! W e are mind ful — w con fess it that you e —
drove out the kings ; complete th e good work you

have begun and rid us o f th e royal name Your
,
.
po essions shall not only be granted you by th e

ss
citiz ens at my in tance but i f they a r e in any way

,
s ,
inadequate they shall be generously increased De .
part our friend and r elieve the state of what is

, ,
perhaps an idle fear The people are persuaded

, .
that with the family of T q i i s the king hip will ar u n u s
vanish from amongst us The consul was at first .

”
p r evented from uttering a word by his astonishment

at this st range and unexpected turn then when he ,
tried to speak the chie f men o f the state surrounded

,
him and with many entreaties made th e same request

, .
The others had litt l e influence over h im but when ,
S puriu Lucretius his superior in years and dignity

s , ,
and h i father -i law be ides began to urge him

s n - s , ,
w ith mingl ed entreaty and advice to permit himsel f ,
to yield t o the unanimous wish o f his fellow citizens ,
C ll t in s became al armed lest wh en his year f o ffice

o a u o
should have ended his mi fortunes might be increased,

s
by the confiscation o f his property and the addition

o f yet other ignominies H e there fore resigned the .
con ul hip and trans ferring l l his possessions to La

s s ,
a
i i m withdre w from the Roman state

v n u , In pursu .
ance o f a resolution f the senate Brutus proposed o ,
to the people a measure which decreed the exile of

all th e T q i i race To be his colleag e the cen
ar u n an . u
turiate comitia under his presidency elected P ublius

, ,
V ale r ius who had he l ped him t o expel the kings

, .
LI V Y
III . Cum
q in haud
dubio esset bellum abcui u am
T q i ii i m m i e e id quidem spe omnium seri

ar u n s n r , ns
fuit ; cete r m id qu o d non t i m e b t pe r dol m ac

u ,
an , a
2 p o d it io e m
r prope libertas
n m i ss est B rant in a a .
Romana i u v e t t e d u l e s c e t e s aliquot nec tenui

n u a n ,
11
loco orti quorum in r egno libido s l t io fu e t

,
o u r ra ,
ae
q l
ua es so d al e s
q ue a d u l e s c e n t ium T a rq u in i o r u m ,
3 a dsu e ti more regio vivere . Ea rn tum ae

q u ato iu r e
omnium l i e t i m q e e t e s l ib e t a t e m lio
c n a ua r n ,
r a ru m in
suam e t is s e s e it t e m inter se c o q e e b t
v r rv u n u r an ur
r egem hominem esse a quo impetres ubi i u ubi , , s,
i i u i op u s sit ; esse gratiae locum esse b e e fi i o

n r a ,
n c ,
et i s c i e t ig
ra s e e posse inte r m ic m atque
no c r ,
a u
nosse ; leges rem s rd m i e

’
i i m i c m d is c i m e
n u r n u a , n x
o rab i l e m esse s l b i o e m m e l i e m q e inopi quam

,
a u r r or u
potenti nihil l m e t i nec veni e habere si modum

,
ax a n s ,
e c e s s e i s ; p e i c l s m esse in tot h m
x r r is e ib u s
u o u u an rr o r
5 sola innocentia vivere Ita iam sua S ponte e g is . a r
animis legati ab re gi b s s u p e rv e iu t sine m e tio e u n n n n
r editus bona tantum repetentes B orum ve rba post .
quam in s e t audita sunt per aliquot dies ea con

na u ,
s u l t t io tenuit
a me non reddita belli ca usa reddita
, ,
6 belli ma t eria e t d i m e t m e s s e t Inte rim legati

a u n u n .
LI V Y
a l ia l
mape rte bona r epetentes clam re c ip e d i
o l i ri, ra n
r egni consilia s t e e e t tamq am ad id quod agi ru r ,

u
v i d e b t r ambientes
a u o b il i m d l e s e t iu m , im o s
n u a u c n an
7 pe tem pt
r t A quibus placide o r atio accepta est
an .
,
ii s l it t e s ab T ra
q i ii s edd t e t de
ar c i ie d is
u n
p r un ac n
clam nocte in u b e m e gib u s c lo q u t r IV Vi r r on un u . .
t e l l ii A q i l ii s q u e f t ib s primo commissa res est

s u ra r u .
V i t e l l io m soror c o s l i
ru u t a B r uto erat
p ni m q u
e n ,
a u
ex e o matrimonio d l e s c e t e s e t liberi Titus a u n ra n ,
T ib e i s q u e ; e o s quoque in s o c i e t t e m consilii avun

r u a
2 culi ds m a t u Pr ete e un aliquot nobiles adules a r a
ce tesn o s n c d s m p t i q o r um e t s t t e memoria
n c a u ,
u v u a
3 a b ii t Inte r im cum in s e t u ic is e t sententia quae

. na v s
e s e b t reddenda bona e m e i p s m causam mo a

c n a
q , u a
r ae in rbe h b e e t legati quod spatium ad vehi

u a r n ,
cula c o m p d a c o s l ib s s m p s is s e t quibus
a ra n a n u u u n
r egum a s p o rt e t r es omne id te m pus cum o i

ar n , c n u
rati consultando b s m u t e i c u t q e instando u t

s a u n ,
v n n u
4 l it t e e sibi ad T rq i i s d
ra e t : nam alite r qui
a u n o ar n ur
d it s eos n on va n a ab l e t i s super r ebus tantis a

c re u ro
g
ad fe i ? D t e l it t e r e u t pignus fi d e i e s e t mani
rr a a a ,
s n ,
5 fe s t m f c i
u s fe e
a t nu Nam cum p id ie quam c ru n . r
legati ad T q i io s p fi c i s e e t u r e t m 2 forte
ar u n ro c r n c na u
apud Vit e l l i s e set c o i u r t iq e ibi re m t is b it is

o s ,
n a u o ar r
multa inter se de ovo u t fit consilio e g is s e n t se r n , , ,
li C 1
i a li a li P l ii l i Q
r e v er a a a a : a a a .
2
c en atu m D u ker e t cen a t u m ( or
~
cae fl .
BOO K I I . 1 11 . 6 —i v .
5
exerting themselves to a di ffe r ent purpose O s t e s ib ly . n
seeking to recover the property they secretly laid ,
their p lans f winning back the kingdom ; and as

or ,
i f in furtherance f their apparent obj ect they went

o ,
about sounding the disposition f the youth ful obles o n .
To those wh gave them a friendly hearing they de

o
livered letters from the T q i ii and plotted with ar u n ,
them to admit the royal family secretly by ight into n
the C ity IV The brothers Vit e ll ii and A q ili i were

. . u
the first to be entrusted with the proj ect A siste r .
o f the V it e ll ii had married the consul Brut u s and ,
there were sons o f this marriage who were now you g n
men Titus and Tiberius ; th ese were also admitted

,
“
by their uncles to a hare in the design There weres .
besides several other young n o bles taken into the

secret but thei r names are lost in antiquity The
,
.
senate me ntime had acquiesced in the opinion o f

a
those who were in favour f giving back the property o .
This very fact gave the agents o f the exi l es an excuse

fo linge r ing in the C ity f
r the consuls had granted ,
or
them time for obtaining vehicles with which to

ca r ry away the belo gings of the royal family A l l
n .
this time they spent in consultation with the con

s i t s whom they urged and at length persuaded
ra o r
p ,
to give them letters fo the T q i ii for otherwise r ar u n ;
how could the princes be convinced that the state

’
ments f th ei r agents regarding matte r s of such

o
importance we r e to be relied on ? These letters ,
being given as a pledge of sinceri ty furnished clea r ,
proo f of the crime Fo r on the eve of th e envoys

,
’
setti g out to rejoin thei r maste r s it happened that

n
they we r e dining at the house f the V it e ll ii where o ,
the conspirators having dismissed ll witnesses had

,
a ,
much talk t ogether n aturally e no ugh ab o ut thei r

, ,
LI VY
m onem e o ru m ex se r vis unus e x ce i
p t, qui iam antea
6 id s e s e n ra t agi sed eam c ,
o c a sion e m ,
ut l it t e ra e
l e ga t is d a re n t quae d e p e h e
ur r n sa e rem c o ar
g u e re
p o ss e n t, e x sp e c t a b at rem ad . P o st qu am datas s e n s it ,
7 on s l e s d e t u l it C s l e s ad d e e h e d e d s lega on u r n n o
c u
p .
tos c o i t o s q e p o fe t i domo sine t u m u l t rem

n u ra u r c u
om em n
pp e ss e ; l it t e
o r m in primis erhabita cura ra ru
n e i te nid e e t rc P o d it o rib s e t e m p l o in
r n .i l r u x v nc a
c o i e c t is
n de l e g t i s p u l u l u m d d b it t m est e t
,
-
a a a u a u ,
quamquam vi si sunt c o m m is i s s e u t h o s t i m l o co u
e sse t n ius tame m gentium l it V De bonis

,
va u . .
1 quae reddi ante c

r e ii s
g ,
e s e t res integra re n u ra n ,
fe tr ur ad patr es Ibi ic t i ira e t e e r eddi e t u e re

2
. v v u r ,
v
2 in publicum redigi d i ip i e d pleb sunt data u t : r n a i ,
con t acta regia p e d s p e m in perpetuum cum i is ra a
pacis m it t e e t A ger T q i
a r um . qui inte r u ar u n i or ,
r
bem ac T ib e im fuit c o s e t s M arti M t i s r ,

n c ra u ar n
3 d e i d e campus fuit
n Forte ibi tum s e g e s farris .
d i c it r fuisse matura mes i

u Quem campi f c t m s . ru u
quia religiosu m erat consumere d e s e c t m cum stra ,

a
mento s e g e t e m magna vis h o m i m simul im m i nu ssa
c o b ib s f d e e in T i b e i m tenui fl e t e m aqua
r u u r t r u n ,
u
mediis c l o ib u s solet Ita i n vadis h e s i t t is f u

a r . a an r
1
gii G t
re r gi Q
s ra er : e s .
2
Ib i i ti i ( ib i i t a
v c M) ara vi ti i W i v c ra : 11 e ra e s s en
b orn : ib i v i c i t i ra F r e y .
1 r i ri
O d n a l y t h e R o m a n fa m e c u t t h e s a lk r r t c lo s e t o th e
t h i ti
c a r, b u t s m e i t w a s ou t n e a t h e g o u n d , r r th ta th e c r o
p
m g i ht c t
b e o m p l e e ly d e s o y e d tr .
2 3 0
LI V Y
4 menti acervos limo ; i sulam inde
s e d is s e i n l it o s n
24 5
au al t i m et l s quae fert temere fl m
a n d m
p , e o e u en
i
n v e t is f c t m
c ,
a P o tea credo d d it
a . m oles manu
s a as
que d i t u m u t t a m eminens area fi m q e t e m p l is

a u , r a u
5 quoque ac p o t i c i b s s s t i e d is esset Di e p t is
r u u n n . r
bonis regum d m t i p o d i t o e s s m p t m q e suppli

a na r r u u u
ci m
u c o s e c t i s e o quod
n u oe e i e d e mi is na ca n a
, p p p n
t e i m patri de l ib e i s
r u o s u l t s imposuit r e t quic n a u ,
spectator erat m e d s c m ipsum fortuna ex a ov n u ,

u
6 a t o e m s p p l i ii dedit
c r u cS ta b t d e l ig t i ad p l m. an a a u
mobilissimi i e e s ; sed a ceteris

uv n e l t ab i
g o t is ,
v u n
ca
p i t i b s uo ,
l i sc libe r i
n su o mnium in se e te t av r ra n
o c l os
u m i s e e b t q u e no n p e
,
r a e magi homines o na s
7 quam s c e l e is quo poenam meriti e s s e t : ill o s e

r n o
p o t i s s im m anno
u
p t rl m l ib e t m p a t e m libera
a ra a ,
a r
torem c o s u l t m o rt u m ex dom o I i pat r es

,
n a u u n a, ,
l eb em , u i d u i d d e o ru m h o m i n u m qu e R o m a n oru m
p q q
esset in d i s s e in im u m t superbo quondam r egi
,
ux an u ,
8 tum infesto e s u l i p o d e e t C s l e s i sedem

x r r n . on u n
p o c e ss e e
r suam rm i s s i q e l i t o e s ad s u m e d m
,
u c r n u
s ppli i m N d t o s i gi s e d u t s e c ri u e feri v r ca n u
u c u . u
q a
unt c u m inte r omne tem pus pate r v o l t u s q e e t 0 5

,
u
eius s p e c t a c u l o esset eminente animo pat ri o i n te r

9 publica e p o e n e ministe r ium Se c u n d u m p oenam
a .
BOO K I I v . .
3 9
—
of grain caugh t in the hallow water settled down

,
s , B C.
. 509
in the mud and out o f these and the accumulation

,
o f other chance material such as a river brings s
down there was gradually formed an island Later

, .
,
I suppose embankments were added and work was

, ,
d one to raise the ur face so high above the water

,
s
and make it stro g enough to u tain even temples

n s s
and porticoes W hen the chattel f the princes had

. s o
been pillaged sentence was pronounced and punish

,
ment inflicted pon the traitors u p nishment the — a u
more conspicuous because the o ffi ce of consul im

posed upon father the duty o f exacting th e penalty
a
from his sons and he who ought to have been pared

, s
even the sight of t h eir su fferin g w s th e very man a
whom Fortune appointed to en force it Bound to .
the stake stood youth o f the highest birth B t s . u
the r est were ignored as i f they had been o f th e

rabbl e : the con ul s o s dre w all eyes upon them
s
’
s n
selves M e pitied them for their punish m ent not

. n
more than for the crime by which they had deserved

that punishment To think that those young men
.
,
in that year of all others when their country was ,
liberated and her liberator their own father and ,
when the consul hip had begun with th e J i s u n an
family could have brought th emselves to be t ray all

,
— the senate the plebs and all th e gods and men f o
, ,
Rome to one who h d formerly been a tyrannical

— a
king and was then an enemy exile ! The consuls

advanced to their tribunal and dispatched the lictors
to execute the sentence The culprits were strippe d .
,
scourged with r ods and beheaded while through it , ,
all m e gazed at the expression on the father face

n
’
s ,
wh ere t hey might clearly read a father s angui h as ’

s ,
he administered the n a tion s r etribution W hen the ’
2 33
LI V Y
n o c e n t iu m , u in u t m q e partem a rc e d is sceleri
t ra u n
bus exemplum nobil e e set p r e m i m ind ici pecunia s ,

a u
ex e i o libertas e t civitas data Ille primum

a ra r , .
d i itc vindicta l ib e t s Quidam v i d i t e quoque

ur ra u . n c a
nomen t c t m ab illo p t a n t ; V i d i c i ip i nomen

ra u u n o s
fuisse P ost il l m b s e t m t qui ita libe ra t i

. u o rv a u u
e s s e t in c i i t t e m
n cc e ti
p v i d e
a t u a v er n r .
V I H i s sieut acta e
. t t i t i s i c e n s u s Tar ra n nun a n
quinins non dolore sol um t t e ad i i t m d e t is an a nr u ca n
s ei
p sed etiam odio iraque p os t
q m dol o viam ,
ua
o b s e p t m vidit bellum aper t e m o l i e d m r atus

a a ,
n u
2 ci c m i e
r u s
pp l e r E t i e
u urbes ; orare m axime
x ru r a
e ex se eius
1
V ie t e s T q
e n i i e s e sq e ar m u n o t m n u ,
r u ,
dem sanguinis e t e m e ge t e m ex tanto modo ,

x o rr ,
n
regno cum l ib e is d l e s c e t ib s ante o c l o s suos r a u n u u
perire s i e e t A lios p e e gre in regnum Homa m

n r n . r
acc i t o s : se regem u
g e t e m bello Romanum i m ,
a n
p e i m r u a p o x i m is scelerata r co i t i o e
p u lsu m n u ra n .
3 E 5 inter se quia nemo nus satis dign s regno visus

0 ,
u a
sit partes regni p is s e ; b o na sua d i ip ie d p o

,
ra u r n a
pulo d d is s e me quis p e s s c e l e ris esset P t i m

e ,
ex r . a r a
se re g m qu e uum repetere e t p e s e q i ing rat o s

nu s r u
1
n e ex se Dr a ken b or c h : ni ( or ne ) se a .
1
A t
s a ff with wh i h t h l v w t h c e s a e as ou c in t h e
ed rm ce e ony
of m an u mi iss onTh ty m l gy gg t
. e e o o su e s e d in t h e xt ne sen
t e n c e is wr g ; Vi d i i l i k i d i t
on n
'
c u a, e v n c a , is d e riv d fr e om
v in d ex .
LI V Y
cives velle .
p Ferrent suas o quoque em ,
a d i u v a re n t ;
v ete r s i i e i s lt m i e t t ot i s
n ur a u e s s legione
u r n ,
en ca a s,
4 a
g rum d m p t
a m e Haec m o e
u t .V e i e t e s ac pro v ru n n ,
se quisque Romano saltem duce ignominias d e m e d n as
b e l l o q e m is s re p e t e d m i c i t e r f m
u a a t n Tar a na re un .
q i
u n i e se s nnomen ac o
g a t io m o et :
p u lc h c m n v ru
5 v i d e b t r suos Romae regnare

a u Ita duo d m civi . u a ru
t ti m e e
a u it s ad x e et
rc
p du m regnum b r
e ll o
q u e en u
p e se r
q e dos u Romanos
n se t i T q i i m P ost cu ar u n u .
quam in agr m Romanum e t m est obviam hosti a v n u ,
6 c o su le s e
n t : V alerius quadrato
un
g m i e
p e d i tem a n
d u c it ; Brutus ad e p l d m cum e q it t x ante

o ra n u u a u
c e s s it R odem modo primus eques h s t i m gm i is

. o u a n
fuit ; p a e e t A r s T
ra
q i i s fil i
rr u n s r egis ; r exar u n u ,
u
7 ipse cum l e gio ib s s e q e b t n A u n s ubi ex lic u a ur . rru
t o ib s p o
r u l o r l e m e se d e i d e iam p o p i u s ac
en c n su s ,
n r
c e t i s facie quoque Brutum cognovi t

r u i fl mm t s ,
n a a u
i r a Ille est vir i q it qui nos e t e s e p lit“ 7 ,
n u x o rr x
, , u
patria Ipse en ille . s t is d o t s i s ig i b s no r ec ra u n n u
8 m g ifi c e i c e d it
a n Di regum l t e s ade te
n . Co u or s . n
c it t c l c
a ib s e q u m atque in ipsum i fe s t u s con
a ar u u n
sulem d e igit S e s it in se i r i Brutus Decorum

r . n .
erat tum i p s i p e sse e pugnam d ib s ; avide

s ca r uc u
i t a q e se c e t m i i d e o q e i fe s t is animis
’
9 u fle t r a n o r ,
a u n
c o n cur re t n euter dum h o s t e m v ol e e t sui

ru n , , n ra r ,
p ro t e ge d i c o rpno ris m em ut contrario i c tu pe r o r,
2 3 6
BOO K I I . VI .
3 9
—
succour and upport him and avenge as well their

s , , ,
own long standing grievances the ft repeated de

-
,
o -
st r uction of their armie and seizure f their lands s, o .
This last plea moved the men o f V eii and they cried ,
out with threatenings that they ought at all events ,
with a Roman f their commander to wipe out their

or ,
disgraces and recover what they had lost in war .
The T q i ie s e s were influenced by his name and

ar u n n
kinship : it eemed a fine thing to them that one of

s
their blood should be king in Rome S o it came .
about that two armies represe n ting two nations , ,
follo wed T q i i s to r egain his kingdom f him

ar u n u , or
an d to chasti e the Romans W hen they had come

s .
into Roman territory the consuls went out to meet

the enemy : V alerius led the foot in de fensive forma
tion ; Br tu w ith the cavalry went ahead to cout
u s, ,
s .
I the same fashion the enemy hor e h eaded their ’
n s s
m arch com m anded by A s T s the ki g s

’
, q i i r ru n ar u n u ,
n
son while the king himsel f followed with the l egion

,
s .
A rru n s perceiving a long way o ff by the consul s

,
’
l ictors that it was h e and then as they drew nearer , ,
togeth er recognizing Brutu more unmistakably by

,
s
his c o ntenance blazed with resentment Yonder

u , .
,
“
he cried i the man who d rove us into exile from
s
,
our native land Look ! H e is himsel f decked out

.
with ou r trappings as he comes proudly on O gods , ,
avengers o f king be with us ! S purring his horse

s, ,
he charged traight at the con ul Brutus saw that

s s .
he was the obj ect o f the man s attack In those ’
days it was to a general credit to take part in the ’
actual fighting so h e eagerly accepted the challenge

, ,
and they rushed at one anothe r with such despera

tion neither f them taking thought for his own
,
o
de fence if only h e m ight wound his adversary that ,
2 37
LI V Y
parmam u te r
q ue t ra n s fi x bastis us d u a b u s h a e re n t e s
m or ib d i ex equis lapsi sint

un S imul e t cetera .
e
q t
u es ri s pugna c e it
p neque ita multo post e t
o ,
p d
e i t es s pe e i
u t I
rvbi varia
n un ictoria et e.l t V v u
aequo M arte p u g t m est : d e t e t i m q e cor

na u x ra u r u
nua vicere laeva superata V e ie t s vinci ab R

,
. n e , o
man o milite d s e t i fu i f g t iq e ; T q i ie s is
a u ,
s u a u ar u n n
,
novus h o tis s t t it solum

,
sed etiam ab sua
n on s e ,
pa rte Romanum p p l it VII Ita cum p g t m e u . . u na u
esset tantus terror T q i i u m atqu e Etruscos i

,
ar u n n
ce s s it u t omissa inrita re nocte ambo e e it u s , x rc

,
V i e s T qu i i e s i s q u e suas quisque b i e t domos

e n ar n n ,
a r n .
2 Adi i t miracula huic p g silentio p i m a e ‘
c un e : u na ro x
noctis ex ilva A rsia i ge t e m editam v o e m S ilvani

s n n c
v o em
c eam creditam ; haec dicta : uno plus T s u co
3 rum e i d i s s e in acie ; vincere bello Romanum

c c Ita .
certe inde b i e re Romani t i t e s Et s c i pro

a u v c or ,
ru
victis Nam p o s t q m i l u x it nec q i s qu m h s t i m

. ua n u a o u
in o p e c t erat P V alerius c o nsul spolia legit

c ns u ,
.
4 t i m ph e inde R o m m r ed t C o ll e e f nus a 1i
r u s
q an u
g . a a
quanto tum p t i t p p t fecit ; sed multo maius

o u a a ra u
morti decus publica fuit m e s t i ti e o ante omnia a a,
insigni quia m t o a e annum t p e t e m e u m

s a r n u ar n
LI V Y
lux e ru n t , quod tam ace r ultor v io l a t a e
p d i c i t ia e
u
fu i s s e t .
5 qui s p e f e t t sunt m t b il e s
C o n s u l i d e in d e u r u ra ,
u u a
volgi animi ex favore non invidia modo sed s u s p ic i

,
o
6 etiam cum atroci crimine orta Regnum c m d . u a
fe t e fama f e b t quia nec o l l e g m s u b o g e t

c ar er a ,
c a r av ra
in locum Bruti t e d ifi b t in summa V elia : ibi e a ca a
alto atque munito loco em i e

p g b il e m fi e i 1 a rc n x u na r .
7 Haec dicta v o lgo c e d it q e cum i d ig it t e ange r a u n n a
rent o s l is im m vocato ad concilium populo

c n u an u ,
s b m i s s i s f s i b s in
u o ti em
a e c e d it uG t m c n on sc n . ra u
id multitudini p e t l u m f it submissa sibi esse s c acu u ,
imperii insignia f s s i o e m q e f t m populi quamc on e n u ac a
8 con su li s m i e t t e m v im q e m i e m esse
a s a Ibi u a or . au
dire i s s is consul laudare f t m o ll e g e quod

u or u n a c a ,
liberata patria in summo honore pro re publica , ,
d im i s matura gloria c d m se vertente in i

can ,
ne u n
v i d i m mortema ,
b is s e t : se s p e s t it e m gl i e
occu u u r or a
s uae ad crimen atque i v i d i m s u esse ex libera n a er

p ,
t o re patriae ad A q il io s se Vi t e ll i s q e e c id is s e u o u r .
N m q m e ergo ulla adeo vobis spec ”

i q it 2
9 u ua n ,
n u ,
tata virtus crit u t suspicione i o l i e qu e t ? Ego ,

v ar n a
me ill m e im u m regum bostem ipsum cupidi

,
u ac rr ,
fi i C w y
1
er d W lt ; fi
on i f r a
a f r D an D a er s er o e o e
1
or
2
,
Wi b
e s s en M ul l orn - er .
v bi G
2
o L5 v bi Q
s r on .
“
: a o s .
1
Bu n d le s o f od s h c r w ih s
y m b i
ol z e d t h e m ag i tr t
s a
’
e s au
t h o ri t y t o s c o u ge , a s t h e r a x es ( s ec u r e s ) d id h is ri gh t t o
pu t
to d ea th .
BOO K I I . vn .
—
4 9
he had been so spirited an ave nger o f outraged

mode ty s .
S oon a fter this the surviving consul so fickle are ,
the a ffections o f the mob became npopular ; not ,

u
only did the people dislike him but they actually ,
suspected him and made cruel charge again t h im s s .
It was noi ed about that he was a piring to the power

s s
of a kin g since he had not caused a colleague to be

,
elected in the place o f B rutu and was building a s,
house on th e highest part o f the V elia an elevated ,
position f natural strength men aid which he was

o ,
s ,
converting into an impregnable citadel The f e . r
queney o f these remark and the general acceptance s
they met with hame fully unj ust as they were dis,
s ,
tressed the consul H e ummoned the people to . s
a counci l and with lowered fasces mounted the

,
1
speaker s plat form It was a welcome S pectacl e to

’
.
the multitude wh en they beheld the emblems of

authority there abased be fore them in c k n o wl e d g ,
a
ment that the people s m aj esty and powe r were ’
superio r to the con ul s Then bidding them attend s

’
.
, ,
the consul extolled the good fortune f his colleague o ,
w h o a ft er h i country had thrown ff the yoke had

,
s o ,
held the highest o ffice in her gi ft and fighting f , , or
the state at the height of a reputation as yet u

,
n
tarnished by envy had met his death H e had ,

.
himself o utlived his glory and survived to face o ,

a
cu s ti as and ill will From being th e sa iour f

on - . v o
h i co ntry he had s nk to the l e el o f the A q i li i

s u u v u
and V it e ll ii W ill there never be worth and merit

.
,
”
“
then he excl aimed so e tabli hed in your minds s s
, ,
that suspicion cannot wrong it ? C ould I possibly

have feared that I well known as the bitterest ,
enemy of kings s h o uld mysel f i n cu r t h e c h arge f

,
o
LI V Y
10 tatis r egni crimen s b it u u m t i m e e m ? Eg si in u r r o
ipsa arce C p it l i q e habitarem metui me e d e e m

a o o u ,
cr r
posse a i ib s meis ? Tam l evi momento mea apud

c v u
vos fama p e d e t ? A d e o e est fu dat a l eviter fi d e s

n n n
ll u t ubi sim quam qui sim magis re ferat ? Non obsta

bunt P Valeri aedes libertati e s t e Quirites ; tuta
. v ra ,
e it
r
-vobis V elia De fe m non in planum modo . ra
aedes sed colli etiam s b ic i m t vos supra s s p e

,
u a ,
u u c
tum me i e m h b it e t i s ; i n V elia e d ifi c e t quibus

c v a a n
12 melius quam P Valerio c e d it libertas . Delat a r ur .

”
c o fe s t i m materia o m
n i s in fra V e l i m e t ubi nunc n a ,
V i c e P otae est d o mus in i fi m o clivo e d i fi t a

a
1
,
n a ca .
V I I I Latae d i d e leges non solum quae r egni

. e n ,
suspicione s l em b s o l e e t sed quae adeo in

c on u a v r n ,
con t ri m
ra v e te e t ut
u p p l emr etiam f r
c e e t
n o u ar a r n .
2 Inde cog n ome n f ctum P b l i o l e est A nte omnes a u c a .
de p o o c t i o e adversus magist r atus ad popul um

r v a n
S c
a d o q e cum bonis c a pite eius qui regni oce
ra n u n
pandi consilia s s e t g ratae in v o l gu s leges fuere

ini .
3 Quas cum solus p e t l is s e t t sua unius in his gratia r u ,

u
e set tum d m m comitia c o l l e ga e subrogando

s ,
2
e u
habuit C e t s Sp Lucretius con ul qui magno

. r a u . s ,
natu non s ffi c i e t ib s iam i ib s ad c o s l i

u n u v r u n u ar a
munera o b e d intra p s dies moritu r

un a S fle cJ au co . u
’
5 tus in Lu e t i locum M H oratius P ulvillus A pud

~
cr . .
t
V i c a e P o a e L ip s iu s a n d K l oc k
1
: vi ce ( o r -a e ) p o c a s ( or
e ) a : V i c a e P o c a e a e d e s S i es e b y e .
2
d e m u m A ls c h ef s ki : d e in d e a .
LI V Y
q u osd a m auctores non i e io
v e t e re s L u re t i m nv n c n
co s u l e m ; Bruto statim H o
n ti m e t credo ra u su ru n
gg
quia nulla gesta r es i s ig e m fe c e it c o s u l t m n n r n a u
memoriam i t e id is s e
1
n rc .
6 N d m dedicata erat in C apitolio I v is aedes

on u o .
V alerius H t i s q e o s l s sortiti uter d e d i

o ra u et u c n u e c ar .
Horatio sorte e e it P b l i l ad V e i e t i u m bellum v n : u co a n
7 p rofe t s A g i s quam d ig u m erat t l e e V aleri

c u . e r u n u r
n e e s c i i d e d i t i o e m tam incliti templi Horatio

s ar ca n
dari Id omnibus modis impedire conati p o s t q m

.
, ua
alia fr stra t m p t t e r t postem iam tenenti con

u e a a an ,
suli f d m inter p re t io e m deum

oe u ti m i c ca n n un u n u
ti un t mortuum eius fi l iu m esse f e st

q u e familia ,
un a
8 dedicare e m templum non posse u Non c r d id e i t . e r
factum an tantum animo o b o is fuerit nec traditur

,
r r ,
ce t m r u nec i t e p e t t i o est f c il is nihil aliud ad

n r r a a
cum t i m a proposito a e s s quam

nu n u t cadave r v r u ,
u
e ffe i i b e e t tenens postem p e c t i o e m p e g it e t

rr u r ,
r a n ra
d e d i c t templum a .
9 Haec post exact o s reges domi m il it ia e qu e gesta

primo anno .
I X Ind e P V alerius ite r um T Lucreti u s c o s l e s

. . . n u
facti Iam T q i ii ad Lartem P o s i m C l s i

. ar
2
u n r nna , u
m m ri m
1
e m m ri Q o a e o a .
y wh i t h i d it i b p ll d with
2
Thi m h s na e a s e v er er e n s e on ee n s e e
an i t h gh h
,
d i
ou m th pl 9
er e a nd P m n so e o er a c es . r ea o rs e n n a ,
b ly L iv y o wn v a r i ed f C on wa y a nd
’
e tc . P r oba s u s a ge . c .
Wa lt er s a d Zo e .
1
D i
on . Hal ( . v 2 1 ) y t h t V l ri w c
. l f
sa th
s a a e us as on su or e
t h ir d ti m e, an d H r ti fo ath d ti m wh t h w
us or e s e c on e, en e ar
wi t h P o rs in n a c m M m m t h gh t t h M S S h d l t
a e . o s en ou e . a os
BOO K I I . v 111 .
5
—ix . 1
P ulvillus In some ancient authorities I do not find

. B C.
. 5 09
Lucretius given as con ul but Brutus is followed s ,
immediately by Horatius ; I suppo e that because s
no exploit lent distinction t o L e t iu s s consulship ucr

’
men forgot it .
The temple o f Jupiter on the C apitol had not yet

been dedicated Valerius and H oratius th e consuls.
drew lots to determ ine which should do it Ho r atius .
received the lot d P b l i o l set out to conduct the ,

an u c a
war against the Ve i e t e W ith m ore bitterness than n s .
was reasonable th e friends o f Valerius r ese ted that

,
n
the d edication of s o famous a temple should be given

to Horatius They t ried in all sorts o f ways t o hinder
.
it but their schemes l l came to n aught Finally

,
a .
,
when th e consul hand was on the door —post d he

’
s an
was in the midst of his prayers to the gods they

HarOk e in upon the ceremony with the evil tidings
,
that his son was dead averring that whilst the shadow ,
h was ove r his house he could not dedicate a

W hethe r h e did not believe th e news to be
possessed great fortitude we are not in formed ,
rt a i t
y nor is it easy to
n decide,
W ithout per .
himsel f to be diverted from his purpose by

ss
g e furthe r than to order that the body
a ,
be buried h e kept his hand upon the doo r ,
post finished h i prayer and d edicated the temple

,
s , .
S uch were the achievements at home and in the ,
field o f the first year afte r the expulsion o f th e

,
kings .
I X Next P ublius Vale r ius ( for the second time )

.
-
B C 508
and Titus Lucretius we r e made consuls 1 By this

.
.
time the T q u i ii had sought refuge wi th La r s

ar n
th m
ese n a d pr p d t i
e s, anrt t h m d ir tly aft r th
o os e o nse e ec e ose
i t h t xt
n B t i
e eh p xi 8 T L r t iu i till t h
. u n c a . .
, . uc e s s s e
co ll g ea f V l riu ue o a e s.
LI VY
num r egem p e f g t
,
Ibi m is c e d o con ilium
r u e ra n . n s
r
e e c n e nunc
s b t m e se oriundos ex Et
o ra s is
an ru c
p q , ,
e i s d e m sanguinis o m i is e e e tes e s l e pate n n x u ar

u
q g n u ,
2 r et nunc m o e b t etiam e orientem morem

u r, n an n
el l e d i reges
n i l t m si e et S atis
nu l ib e t tem
u n r r a
p .
3 i p s m habere d l e d i i s
a Nisi quanta vi civitates
u c n .
ea n e p e t t tanta regna reges de fenda t acquari

r x an ,
n ,
summa i fi m i ; ihil e e l s u m nihil quod supra

n s n x c ,
cetera m i e t in i it t ib u s fore ; a d esse fi e m r eg

e n a c v a n
4 ni s,rei inter de o h m i e s q e p l c h e im e P s o n u u rr a . or
sinna cum regem esse Romae tut m tum Et s e 1 a ,

ru ca
gentis regem amplum T s c is ratus Ro m m infesto u ,

a
5 e e r it
x cvenit Non q m alias ante tantus terror
u . un ua
se natu m i s i t ; adeo valida r es t u m C l s i a erat

n va u n
m g um q e P
a n si ue nomen orNec hostes modo
nna .
t im e b t sed s o s m e t ipsi cives n e Romana plebs

an ,
u , ,
metu p e c l s e e p t is in u rb e m re gib s vel cum

r u a r c u , .
6 se i t u t e pacem
rv ip e e t M ulta igitu r b l d i m e t
acc r . an n a
plebi pe r id t empus ab s e t u d ata A o e in na . nn na
primis habita cura e t ad frumentum c o m p n d m , a ra u
missi alii in Vo ls c o s alii C umas S alis quoque ven ,

.
de n di arbitrium quia i m p e n s o p re t io e ib t in ,
v n a ,
2
publicum omne s u m p t m 3
d e m p t m p i t i s ; por u ,
a u r va
t o iis q u e e t tribu t o plebe

r libera t a t d i it e s con s
4
,
u v
fer r ent qui oneri ferendo e s s e t : p p e e s atis

,
n au r s
7 s t ip e d n pe n dere si liber o s e d u e t It q e haec

’
n c n . a u
1
t u tu m t u rn on C w
ay : tu m a : fa t e re t u r t u m D L .
’
2
v e n ib a t R25-z v e n i e b a t -b a n t M) a .
3
omne s u m p tu m G r o n ov . om n i sum
ptu m B : omn i
su m p tu Q .
4
p l e b e s Gr on o v . :
p le b e Q .
LI V Y
pat r u m s p e is p s t m o d m rebus in o b
i n d u l g e n t ia a r o u
s id i e ac fame adeo concorde m

on i it t e m tenuit u t c v a
r e i m nomen non s m m i magis quam i fi m i hor r e

u u n
g
8 r ent nec q i s q a m unus malis
,
u u t i b u s postea tam ar
popularis esset quam tum bene impera n d o u i v e s u s n r
se n atus fuit .
X C m hostes d e s s e t p r o se quisque in u b e m
. u a n ,
r
ex agr is d e m ig t u b e m ip s m s e p iu t p r e s id iis
ra n ,
r a a n a .
2 A lia muris alia Tiberi b i e t ,

id e b t tuta : pons
o c o v an ur
s b l i i s iter p e e h o s t ib s dedit
u c u a n i unus vi r f i s s e t u ,
n u ,
Horatius C ocles ; id m n im e t u m illo die fortu n a u n
3 u r bis Ro m e habuitan a Qui p o s it s forte i n s t t io e

. u a n
pontis cum p t m repentino impetu I i l m

,
ca u an c u u
atque inde it t o s d e u e e h o s t es v id is s e t t re p i
c a c rr r
d m q n e tu r b m snorum arma o d i e s qu e relinquere

a a r n ,
re re h e s s si g los o b s is t e s
n b t e st s u e deum o
p n an u
q
,
n an
e t h om i m fid e m t s t a b t
nu e u i u am
q q deserto
e a ur n
r e s i d o eos fugere si ponte a tergo

i t i m 1
p a ; s t u ra n
r e l iq i s s e t iam plus h o s t i m in P l t i o C p it o l io q e
u n ,
u a a a u
quam i I i c l o fore It a q e mo ere p e d i e e

n an u . u u ,
ra c r
u t pontem fer r o igni q m q e vi p s s i t inter

, ,
uacu u o n ,
ru m p t : se i m p e t m h o s t i u m
an quantum c orpore
u ,
5 11 11 0 p o sset o b s is t i e x e tn um
p V ,
d i t i ncde in p r i r . a
1
p o n t e P o s tga t e : p on t em fl .
BOO K I I . ix .
7
—x .
5
liberality on the part o f the Fathers the distre s ,

s
which atten d e d the ubsequent blockade and famine

s
was powerle to de troy the harmony of the state

ss s ,
which w ch that the ame o f king was o t more

as s u n n
abhorrent t the highest than to the lowest ; nor

o
was there ever a man in a fter years whose demagogic

arts made him so popular as its wise governing at
that time made the whole senate .
X W hen th e enemy appeared the Romans all

.
, ,
with one accord withdrew from their fields into th e

,
C ity which they surrou ded with guard

, S ome parts
n s .
appeared to be rendered sa fe by thei r walls others ,
by the barrier formed by the river Tiber The bri d ge .
o f piles almost a fforded an entrance to th e enemy ,
had it o t been fo one man Horatius C ocles ; he

n r ,
was the bulwark o f de fence on which that day de

pended the fortune o f the C ity f Rome H e chanced o .
to be on g uard at the bri d ge when Janiculum w as
captured by a sudden attack of th e enemy H e saw .
them as they charged down on the run from Ja mi n o
lum while his own people behaved like a frightened

,
mob throwing away their arms and quitting their

,
ranks C atching hold first o f one and then of

.
o
an
other blocking t h e i way and conjuring them to

,
r
list en he called on gods and men to witness that if

,
they forsook their post it was vain to flee ; once they

had le ft a passage in their rear by the b idge the r e r ,
would soon be more of the enemy on the P alatine

and the C apitol than on Janiculum H e there fore .
warned and commanded them to break down th e

bridge with steel with fire with any instrument at
, ,
their disposal ; and promised that he would himsel f

receive the onset of the enemy o far as it could be ,
s
withstood by a si gle body Then striding to t h e

n .
,
LI V Y
mum a pontis i s ig is q e inte r o s p e t
d it u m ,
n n u c n c a
c ed t iu m pug a c terga o b e rs i s
en om m i
n s ad i v c n u n
cundum p l i m armis ipso miraculo d i e o b

ro e u au ac a
6 st e fe i t hostis c D uos t m e cum e o pudor tenuit a n

u
p .
,
S p L c i m ac T H e m i i m amb o s claros gene re

.
1
ar u . r n n ,
7 f ti q e
ac s C m his prima m p i l i p
u . u e ll m et er cu ro c a
quod t u m u l t s i s im m p g e erat p m p e susti

uo s u u na a ru r
nuit ; d e i d e eos quoque ipsos exigua parte pontis

n
re li t c e oc a r t i b s qui re s i d e b
v an t cedere in t t m
u c n an u u
8 c o e it C i m fe e s inde t r uces m i
rc u i t e r l n n ac r ocu o
g . s
ad proceres Et u s o m nunc s i gu l o s provocare r c ru n

,
n unc i c e p re omnes : s e it i regum s p e b m

n r a rv a u r o ru ,
e l ib e t t i s i m m e m o e s alienam o p
s ua r a
p g tnm e r u na v
9 nire C n c t t i l iq m d iu sunt dum alius alium u t

. n a a ua , ,
p o e l iu m
r i ci i
p t i r n m s ec t
p t an P udor d e i ,de c cu an . n
c o m m o it i e m e t clam o re s b l t o u d iq e in unum
v ac ,
u a n u
bostem tela c i c iu t Quae cum in o b ie t o u t

on n . c c nc a
s c u t o h e s i s s e t neque ille minus o b s t i

a n , t s ingenti na u
pontem o b t in e e t gradu iam impetu c o b t r r , na an u
detrude r e vi r um cum simul fragor p t i pontis ,

ru ,
simul clam or Ro m o r m l it t e pe rfecti operis an u a ac r a
sub l t s a pavore subito im p e t m s s t i it Tum

u ,
u n nu .
C ocl es “ “
Tiberi n e pater i q it te n c t e p e ”
n u sa r c o r,
, ,
haec a r ma e t h u n c militem p o p i t io flumine acci r
pias . Ita sic armatus in T ib e rim d e s i l u it m l t is qu e

”
u
s u p e i c i d e t i b s telis i c o l m i s ad suos t r
r n n u it n u an av ,
L a rc i u m Q ( a n d D ion
1 . Hal . V . 23 , La rt iu m 01 ( o r
0) B DL ¢ : L r
a gi u m F 1
;
2 50
LI V Y
r em ansus plus f m h b it m ad p t a ae a quam u ra o s e ro s
fid i e Grata erga tantam i t t m civitas fuit statua

. v r u e
in m it i p o sita ; agri quantum uno die i m

co o it c rc u a ra v
datum P rivata quoque inte r p b l i honores studia

. u c os
em i bne t ; nam i n magna inopia pr o d m

an t i is o es c
co
p ii s
q i u nu s
q e i aliquid
u s ue f d se ipse i t ,
ra u an s v c u
suo , t l it
c on u .
XI P i . primo
o rs n n a t ep l co il
c on a u ab r u s u s, . ns ns
O
pp g u d urbe
n an ad a b i d d m versis p o s id i in
en a ,
ra e s o
I l locat o ipse in plano ip i q e Tiberis castra

an i c u o r s u
2 p it
o su ib s
,
n avd iq e u it i s
un t ad custodiam m
u acc e ,
e
quid Homam frume ti b h i s i e e t e t t prae n su ve n r , u
datum milites t r ans fl umen pe r si e l ii atque occa on s a s
3 al ii locis t i
s et
1 b
ra c e r iq ade o i f s t m m m
re v ue n e u o ne
R o manum g m d d id i t t no n cetera solum ex

a ru re ,
u
ag ris sed pee s quoque omne in b m m p ll n ur e co e e
ret neque q i q m extra portas propellere aude

u r, u s ua
4 ret .Hoc tantum l i e t i e Et s i non metu magis c n a ru c s
quam consilio o e s m N m q Valerius consul c nc s u . a ue ,
i t
n t
en in us i em m lt
o c c a s on simul e t ff u im os e u so s
p r oviso d i d i in parvis r ebus gl e ge ultor

a or u n ,
ne ns ,
5 gravem se ad m i o i d i em se a ra b t v nIt q e t c rv a a . a u u
eli e c t re
p ed t es ra e d i it suis
a or p,
o ste ro die c f e ,
r
1
t ra ic e re t Gr on o v . : t ra ic e re n t Q .
BOO K 11
. x . 1 1 —x l .
5
t o h i fellows having give n a p roof of valour which

s ,
was destined to obtain m or e fame than credenc e

with posterity The s t ate was grate ful f . brave or so
a deed : a st tue o f C ocl es w set p in the comitium

a as u ,
and he was given as much land as he could plough

around in one day P rivate citizens showed thei r .
g ratitude in a striking fashion in the midst o f his ,
o fficial honours for notwithstanding their great dis ,
tress everybody made him some gift proportionate

to his means though h e r obbed himself o f his own
,
ration .
X I P o si
. repulsed i n his fi r st attempt gave
r n n a, ,
up the plan of storming the C ity a n d determined t o ,
lay siege to it P lacing a garrison on Jamiculu m h e

.
pitched h i camp in the plain by t h e banks of th e

s
Tibe r H e collected ships from eve ry quarte r both

.
,
for guarding the rive r to p r event any co rn from ,
being brought into the C ity a n d al o to send his , s
troops across for plundering as the opportunity might ,
present itsel f at one point or another ; and in a hort s
time he made all the territory o f the Romans so

un afe that not only were they forced to bring all
s
their oth er property inside the wall but even thei r s,
fl ocks too nor did anybody dare to drive them out

,
side the gates This great degree f licence was pe r

. o
m it t e d to the Etruscans not so much from timidity

as design For V l e i s the consul who was eager
. a r u ,
fo r a n opportunity o f assailing a large number at

once when they should be scatte r ed about and not
,
expecting an attack cared little t o avenge small g ,

a
r es i s and reserved his punishment fo r a heavier

s on
g ,
blow A cco r dingly to lu r e fo rth plunderers he issued

.
, ,
o r de r s to his people that on the followin g day a la rg e

n umb e r o f them should drive o ut thei r fl ocks by t h e
VO L . I.
LI V Y
quentes po rta Es q u il in a , quae ab hoste
a v e rs i s s im a
e r at e x p e ll e re
,
n t p e c u s, s c i t u ro s id hostes r atus quod ,
in obsidione ame s e r it i i fid t r s fu g e re t
et f v a n a an n .
Et s c i e e p e f g e indicio m l t o q e p l re s
r r u a t in ,
u u n ,
n
s em
p i e s e
p
un vr ed e fl umen r a t ra i i t P V ale
a a ,
c un . .
rius inde T H e m i iu m cum m o d i c is c 0p ii s ad

1
. r n
secundum lapidem G abina via o u l t m considere cc u
i b e t Sp L
u ,
i m cum expedita i
. arc u e t t e ad por uv n u
tam C o l l i m stare donec hostis p e t e e t inde e

na ra r a , s
8 o b i c e e me sit ad flumen r editus

r C su l m al t e r . on u
T Luc r etius po rta Naev a cum aliquot m ip l is

. 1 an u
m i l it m e g s s s ipse V ale r ius C e l io monte

u re u , o a c
9 hortes d e l e t s e d it h iqu e primi p p e e hosti

c a uc ,
a a rn r .
H e m i i s ubi t m l t m s e s it c o
r n u it ex i s id iis
u u u n ,
n c u rr n
v e rs i s q u e in L u c r e t iu mEt r s c i s terga e d it ; dextra u ca
l e q e h i c a po r ta C ollina i l l i
a va n ,
n ab Naev a red ,
nc 1 ,
dit s clam or : ita e s i in medio p r e d t o re s neque

a ca a a ,
ad pugnam i ib s pares e t ad fu g m s e p t is omni

v r u a a
bus viis Fi i s q e ill e tam e ffuse e v g d i Et ru s c is

. n n
2 a an
fuit .
XI I O b s id io erat n ihil o minus e t frumenti cum

.
,
summa c it t e inopia s e d e d o q e e p g t m se
ar a ,
n u x u na u ru
2 ur b e m s p e m P o rs i h b e b t cum C M uci s adu nna a a ,

. n ,
l e s e s nobilis cui i d ig u m
c n i d e b t u r populum
,
n n v a
i d S b i in Q i i R
1
n e a ne i .
2
e v a ga n d i Q au a an d i P ua an d i
g : g
‘
1 W h e re th r e wa s a ga e
e t c a ll e d P o rta C a el i m o n t a n a ,
s ou th f t h o e P o r t a Es q u il i n a .
2
Fr m t h ot dp i t f e s an o n o th e i h b it nt
n a a s of th e c ity ,
loo ki g ntw rd fr m t h w
eas a o e a lls .
LI V Y
Romanum s e ie t e m cum sub e gib u s esset nullo
rv n r
bello nec ab h s t ib s ullis o b s e s s u m esse liberum

o u ,
3 eundem populum ab iis d e m Et r s is o b s id e i quo r um u c r
a
s e e
p e e i t x s f
rc d e it iut q e umagno dr m q ue
,
— a n au a
a liq o f c i
u a e ea rn i d i
n or i t t e m i d inc d m ratus n a v n an a
g ,
primo sua S ponte penetrare i n h s t i m cast ra c o n o u
4 s t i t u it ; dein m e t e s e si c o s l m iniussu e t u n n ,
n u u
ig i s omnibus iret forte d e p e h

n ar s s a c s t o d ib
, s r en n u u
Roman is re t r h e re t r u t tra sfuga fo r tuna tum urbis

a n n ,
5 crime n a d fi rm t e s e t m adit an
“ Transire Tibe
na u .
,
n
i q it n
“ patres e t intrare si p o s s im castra
u , , , ,
h o s t i u m vol o non p e d nec p p l t io

,
ra m in v i e m o o u a nn c
ulto r : maius si di i ,
t in animo est f i u van s ,
ac n u .
Ad p ob r t patres
an A b d it o int r a vestem fe r ro p ro fi
.
c i s c it Ubi e o venit in c o fe t is s im tu rba prope

ur .
,
n r a
re i m t ribunal c o s t it i t
u Ibi cum n s t ipendium mili
g .
t ib u s forte d et e t scriba cum rege s e d e s pari

ar u r, n
fere o r t u multa g e re t c m q e milites volgo adi

na a
1
u u
r ent t im e s s c is it i uter P s i a esset me ig o

,
n c ar or nn , n
rando regem semet ipse p e i e t quis esset quo a r r ,
teme r e t r it fort na f c i s s rib m pro r ege h

ax u a nu ,
c a o
8 t u c t
r n aV d e t e m inde qua per t r epidam tu r bam
. a n ,
c r uent o mucrone sibi ipse fe c e t viam cum o c u s ra , c n r u
ad l m o re m facto c o p e h e s u m r egn satellites

c a n r n
re t r s s e n t ante t r ibunal r egis d e s t it u t s tum quo

ax 1 ,
u ,
1
mq
eu m i l it
ue A ld m m i l it
es R .m m il i t
eu ue es : eu no es
D : m
cu m ilit ne L m m i li t
es a : cu es .
2 5 6
BOO K I I . x 1i . 2 —8
th e days o f their servitude when they lived unde r B C.

. 5 08
king been blockaded in a war by any enemies they

s, ,
should now when free be be ieged by tho s e ame

, , s s
Etruscan who e armie they had so o ften r outed

s s s ,
made up his mind that thi indignity must be avenged s
by some great and daring deed A t fir t h e intended . s
to make his way to the enemy s camp on h i own ’
account A fterwards fearing that if he should go

.
,
unbidden by the consuls and without anyone s know ’
ing it he might chance to be arrested by the

,
Roman sentries and brought back as a deserter — a
charge which the state o f th e C ity would o fi m c n r
h e went be fore the senate “ I wish said he to “ .

, ,
cro the river senator

ss d ente r i f I can the
, s, an , ,
enemy s camp t to plunder or exact reprisals fo r

’
— no
their devastations : I have in m ind t o do a greate r

deed if the gods grant me th eir help The Fathers
,
.
approved Hiding a sword under his dress h e set

.
,
out A rrived at the camp he took up his stand in

.
,
the thick o f the crowd nea r the r oyal trib nal It u .
happened that at that moment the soldie r s were

being paid ; a secretary who sat beside the king ,
and wore nearly the same costume was very busy , ,
and to him the oldiers for the most par t addresseds
themselves M uci s was a fraid to ask which was

. n
P rs i
o lest his i gnorance of the king s identity
n na,
’
should betray his o w and following the blind n,
gu idance of Fo r tune slew the secretary in tead of ,

s
the king A s he strode ff through the frightened

. o
crowd making a way for himsel f with his bloody

,
blade the r e was an outcry and thereat th e royal

, ,
gua r ds came running in from eve ry side seized him ,
a n d dragged him back befo r e the tribunal of the

ki n g But friendless as he was e ve n the n when
.
, ,
LI V Y
que inter tantas f t u e mi n as m e t u e d u s magis or na n
9 quam m e t e s
“ Romanus sum i q it
u n
“ civis ; n u
, , ,
C M c iu m v
. u t Hostis h os t e m occide r e volui
o can .
,
n e c ad mortem minus animi est quam fuit ad cae
1 0 dem : e t face r e e t pati fo r tia Romanum est Nec .
unus i n te ego hos im o s gessi ; longus post me an
o rdo est idem p e t e t i m decus P ro i d e in hoc dis n n . n
crimen si i t accingere u t in s i g l s ho ras capite

,
uva , ,
n u a
d i m e s tuo ferrum h o s t e m q e in vestibulo habeas

1c ,
u
l l r e i e
g a Hoc .tibi iuventus Romana i d i i m s bellum n c u .
N ll m
u a i e m nullum p o e l i m t im e i s ; uni tibi e t
ac ,
r u u r
1 2 cum s i g l i s res crit n u C m rex simul ira i fe s s . u n n u
p e ic l o
r
q e
u o t e r it s c i r
u c m d i ignes
n m i i t b r n cu ar n a un
dus i b e e t nisi e p o m e e t propere quas i s id i r m

u r x r r n a u
1 3 sibi minas per ambages i e e t

“ E tibi i q it ac r n
”
, , n u ,
ut sentias q am vile corpus sit ii s qui m g u m a na
gloria m vident d e t m qu e c c e s o ad s c i fi i m
,
x ra a n a r c u
f c l i i it
o u o Quam cum e l t alienato ab sensu
n c . v u
to rr e re t animo prope t t o i t s miraculo rex cum ab

,
a n u
sede sua p ro s il i s s e t m v e iq e ab l t ib s i v e e m
n a o r u a ar u u n
I4 iu s s is s e t T 1
vero abi i q it in te magis quam
,
u ,
”
n u ,
in me h o s t il i a sus I b e re m m c t e virtute esse

a n . u a
,
si pro mea patria ista virtus s t e t nu n c iu r e belli ar
libe r um te i t t u m i io l t m q e h i c d im it t
n ac nv a u u n o .
1 5 Tunc M uci n s quasi re m e ra s me r itum Quando nn n
1
tu My : t u m ac .
LI VY
quidem ”
in qu it , “est
apud te virtuti h o o s t bene n u
, ,
fic i o t u l e i s a me quod minis
r e qu ist i : t e e ti n r c n
co in i m s principes i
u ra v u e t u t is R o m e u t in te uv n an a ,
hac via g r s s e m aM e prima so r s fuit ; e t e i

ar ur . a c r ,
e c id e it primi quoad te p p rt u m
1
ut c u i sq e u u c r ,
o o nu
fo r tuna d e d e it s n o quisque tempore d e r t

r , a un .
XI I I M c i m d im is s u m cui postea S c e o l e a
. u u , a v a
clade dext rae manus cog n omen i d it m legati a n u ,
2 P i
o rs n n a R m m s e u t i sunt adeo m o e t c u m e t
o a c v ra
primi p e i l i casus a quo nihil se praete r e

r cu
2
, em rro r
i n s i d ia t o ri s t e x is s e t , et su b e u n d a d im i c a t i o t o t i e n s
quot o i t i s p e e s s e t u t pacis condiciones u l t
c n u ra u r n , ro
3 ferret Romanis I t t m in o d ic i o ib u s mequi . ac a u c n n
quam de T q i ii s in r egnum e s t it d i s magis

ar u n r uen ,
quia id nega r e ip e e q i e r t T rq i ii s quam quods n u v a a u n
4 negatum iri sibi ab Romanis i g o e t De agro n ra r .
Ve i e t i b s r estituendo i m p e t r t m e p s s q e
n u e a u ,
x re a u n
c e s s it s
a b s i d e s dandi Romanis si Ia i c l
o prae ,
n u o
s i d i u m deduci e lle t His c o n d i c io ib s compo ita

v n . n u s
pace e x e it u m ab I ic u l o d e d it P o s i a e t agro
rc an ux r nn
5 Romano e x c e s s i t P at r es C M u c io vi rtutis causa

. .
trans T ib e im gru m do no dede r e quae p o stea su nt

r a
M ueia prata appellata .
6 Ergo ita honorata virtute fe m i e quoque ad pub na
lica decora e c it a t e e t C loelia V i rgo una ex bsi

x a , ,
e
1
u t c u i u s qu e M a d v ig ut c u m qu e Q .
a
qu o H eu m a n n qu e a .
1 i . e .
“ Le f th - an d e d .
BOO K I I . x 1i . 1
5
-x l 1i . 6
in honour my gratitude shall a fford you the in f r

, e
mation you r threats could not extort : we are three

hundred the foremost youths f Rome who have
,
o ,
con pi r ed to assail you in this fa hion I drew the

s s .
fir t lot ; the others i whatever orde r it falls to

s , n
them will attack you each at his own time u n til

, , ,
Fo rtune shall have delivered you into our hands .

”
XI I I The release o f M uci who was a fterwards

. n s,
known as S caevola from the los of h i right hand

,
1
s s ,
was followed by the arrival in Rome f envoys from o
Po si
r nna The king had been so d i sturbed what
.
,
with the hazard o f the fir t attack upon his li fe s ,
from which nothing but the blunder o f his assailant

had p r ese r ved him a n d what with the anticipation
,
o f having to undergo the da ger as many times more n
as there were conspirators r emaining that he o l n ,

v u
t i ly proposed terms o f peace to the Romans

ar In .
these terms P o i suggested but without e ffect

rs n n a , ,
that the T rq i ii should be restored to powe r mo r e

a u n ,
because he had been unable to re fuse the p rinces

this demand upon their behal f than that he was
ignorant that the R omans would re fuse it In b . o ~
taining the r etu rn of their lands to the Ve i e t e s n
he was success ful ; and the Roman were compell ed s
to give hostages if they wished th e garrison to be

withdrawn from Janiculum O these terms peace . n
was made and P o s i ,

led h i army down from
r nna s
J i l m and evacuated the Roman territory The

an cu n .
Fathers bestowed o n Gaius M ucins fo his bravery ,

r ,
a field ac ross the Tiber which was late r known as ,
the M u c i M eadows an .
Now when courage had been thus distinguished ,
even the women were in pired to deeds of patriotism s .
Thus the maide n C l o elia o ne o f the hostages eluded

, ,
LI VY
d ib u s , cum castr a Et u s u m forte haud p o e n l ripa r c or r
Tiberis locata e s s e t frustrata custodes dux gm i is n , ,

a n
v i gi
r m inter tela h o s t i m T ib e i m t
nu it s s p i u r ra n a v o ~
7 t e s q e omnes R m m ad p e p i q o s e s t i t i t
u o a Quod r n u r u .
ubi regi t i t m est primo i c e s u s ira o t o e s

nun a u ,
n n ra r
R m m m isit ad C l o e l i m o b s i d e m d e p s e n d m
o a a o c a
8 alias haud magni facere ; d e i d e in d m i t io e m n a ra n
versus supra C o c l it e s M io s q e dicere id f c i s uc u a nu
esse e t prae se ferre q e m d m d m si n on de

,
u a o u ,
d t o b s e s pro t o f e d s se h b i t r m
ru sic dedi
o
a ur p ,
u a u u ,
tam i t t m i io l t m q e ad suos e m is s n m
n ac a
1
nv a a u r ur .
9 Ut i m q e c
r s t i t i t fi d e s : e t Romani pignus pacis ex
u on
fo e d e e e s t i t n e
r r t e t apud regem Et
ru n , s c m non ru u
tuta solum sed honorata etiam virtus fuit l d ta m ,

au a
que i gi e m parte o b s id m se don re dixit ; ipsa

v r n u a
quos vell et l e ge e t P d t is omnibus e l e g is s e i m

r . ro uc
pubes d i c it r quod e t i gi it t i d ecorum e t con

u ,
v r n a
sensu b s id m ip o u m probabil e erat eam

s o ru e t te m a a
p o t i s i m m l ib e
s u i ab hoste quae
ra r maxime opportuna
i i i e esset
n ur a P ace e d i t e g t a Romani o v m in
. r n ra n a
femina v i t t e m novo genere honoris statua equest ri

r u , ,
d o v e re : in summa S acra via fuit p o sita virgo insi

na
2
dens equo .
X IV H uic tam p . t e p o fe c t i o i ab urbe regis

aca a r n
Et s i b h r e s mos t d i t s ab
ru c a o r n t i q i s usque adra u an u
1 i n t a c t a m i n v io l a t a m qu e F r o b en iu s in u io l a t a m q u e a .
2
i it it
fu t p o s a a : p o s a N o v a k, We iss en b o rn -M ull e r
’
.
n o s t ra m a e ta t e m inte r cetera ma n et bon a s o l l e m n ia ,
2 P o si r nna e regis e d e d i C uius o g e m moris

v n n . r1 1n
n ecesse est t inte r bellum natam esse nequ e omis

an
sam in pace a t a m it i e c e is s e p rincipio quam

,
n or r v
hic prae se fe t titulus bona h o s t il it e r v e d e d i

ra n n .
3 P im m ve r o est ex u e t d t r P i m
‘
ro x u 3 11 a
q s n a ra un u or n
d i s e d e t e m ab I i c u l o castra opulenta c o n e c t ex
c n an v o
p p q
ro i n i s u ac fe t i l ib u s E
r t r ri e arvis c om m e t
u a a u
Romanis d o no d e d is s e inopi t m urbe ab lo n ginqua,

u
4 obsidione ; ea d e i d e e populo im m i s s o d i i e e n
n ,
n
p r r
tur h o s t il it e r venisse b o q e P o s i a e appellata

, ,
na u r nn ,
g r ti m
a a m n e is magis
n r s ign i fi c t e titulo quam an
t i o e m f rt e r e ia e quae e in potestate qui

anc n o
g
una n
dem populi Roman i esset .
5 O misso R o mano bello P o rs i a me fr ustra in ea nn ,
loca e e rc it s adductus id e e t
x u cum parte c e pi
v r u r,
a r um fil i u m A t e m A ic i m o p p u g
rru n rt m m i t t it
a na n .
6 P i m e A ri c i o s res
r n e 0p i tn
p c
e r l e at ;
na c e sas i t cu r ar a
d e in d e auxilia e t a Latinis p o p l i s e t a C umis tantum u
s p e i fe e e c t acie d e e r e re
r u de e t
c n P ro e l io in it o
au r n .
adeo concitat o impetu se i t u l e t Et s i t fun n ra n ru c u
7 d e e t ipso i e n s u A ri c i o s ; C m
r n n r e cohortes ar t e
n u an a
adversus vim u s e d e l i e e p l u l u m e ff s e q e
a c n av r au ,
u u
p ra e l taos hostes c o n v e rs i s s i
g i s ab tergo a d t n e or a
BOO K I I . x 1v . 1 —7
am ong othe r fo rmalities o bse r ved at sales of booty ,

“
of proclaiming the go o ds f King P i S uch o o rs n n a .
a practice must either have arisen du r ing the war and
h ve been retained when peace was made or else

a ,
have had its origi n in some kindlier circum tance s
tha n would be suggested by th e notice that a n

enemy s goods were to be sold The most credible
’
o f the traditi o nal explanations is that when P si or nna
r eti r ed from Janiculum he ha n ded o ve r his camp ,
well stocked with p rovisio n s b rought in from the

neighbou ring fe rtile fields of Etru r ia as gift to ,
a
the Romans who we r e then in a destitute condition

,
afte r the long siege These supplies were then sol d

.
,
lest if people were given a fr ee hand they might

, ,
plunde r the camp like an enemy ; and they wer e

c alled the goods of P s i rathe r by way o f im
or nna
pl ying thank fulnes s fo r the gift than an auction of

th e king s p rope rt y which was not eve n in t h e
’
possession o f the Roman P eople .
O reli n quishing his campaign against the Romans

n ,
P o si r was unwilling that he hould appea r to hav e

nna s
led his a r my i nto that region to no purpose and c , a
c ord i gl y sent a part o f his force

n under his so n s,
A rr un s to besiege A i c i
,
A t first the A i i i were
r a . r c n
pa ralysed with surprise A fterwards the auxiliaries .
whom they called i n from the Latin peopl es and ,
also from C umae s o encouraged them that they

,
ventured to measure their st r ength with the enemy

in the Open field W hen t h e battle began the a ttack
.
,
of the Etruscans was so impetuous that th ey routed

the A i i i at the first charge The C umaean levies
r c n .
,
employing skill to meet for ce swerved a little to ,
one side and when the enemy had swept by them

, ,
f ced about a n d attacked them in the r ea r with t h e

a ,
LI V Y
sunt Ita i n medi o p r ope iam ic t o re s c a e s i Et r s c i
. v u .
8 P ars p e e ig rduce
x m i ss quia
ua nullum rO i u s
p p a o,
p er uf g i m e r at
u R m m inermes e t fortuna
,
eot specie a
l i m d e l t i sunt Ibi benigne e c e p t i d i is i u e x

su
pp cu a
q . v
9 in hospitia C uratis o l e ib s alii p o fe c t i dom o s

. v n r u r ,
n n t ii h s it l i m b e e fi c i o u m ; m l t o s Romae h o s
n o a n r u
p u
i t m b i s q e caritas tenuit
ur n His l o cus ad habi
p u .
t a d u m d a t s quem d e i d e T u s c u m v i c u m appe l la
n u n
r unt .
X V Sp La r ci n s inde e t T H e rm i i s P Luc r etius

. . . n n ,
.
inde e t P V al erius P b l i c o l c s l e s facti E0

1
. u a on u .
anno p st e m m legati a P o s i a de r d e d o i n
o r u r nn e uc n
r egnum Tarquinio v e e n t Quibus cum r esponsum n r n .
esset m is s m ad r egem s e t m legatos m 5 5 1 co n

u ru na u ,
1
2 festim h o o t is im u s quisque e p t ib s : no n quin

n ra s a r u
b e v it e r reddi r espo n sum p t e i t non e c ip i r eges

r o u r r ,
ide o poti s d e l e c t s patrum ad e n m miss e s quam

n o
l e g t i s eius Romae d e t u r responsum sed t i n per

a ar ,
u
e t u u m m e t io eius r ei fi i e t n m e n in tantis m n r u r,
p u
tuis b e e fi c iis in ic e m animi s o ll ic it re t cum ille

n v a n u r,
e t e e t q u o d cont r a l i b e rt t e m populi Romani e sset

r a
p ,
1
Sp . ri i
La c n s n d e e t T H e rm i n iu s , P L c e u s 1 n d e e t . . u r ti
ri
M a d v ig t h e n a m e La c n s i s n o t i n th e M SS h is p r a en o m en .
r ti
i s a d d ed t o t h a t of Lu c e u s or p u t i n i ts p la ce T H e r m i n l n s .
i s m i ss in g i n t h e b es t M S S D ion H a l 3 6 , a n d C a ss iod or i u s
. . . v .
giv e o n l y t h e n a m es of S p L a c n s a n d T H e rm e n i u s , a n d ri
“
. .
M om m s en L . i
p 9 9) t h er ef or e d el et e s t h e oth er s
. .
S ee .
n o t e i n C o n wa y a n d Wa l ter s .
2 66
LI V Y
Romani n isi in p e r ic i e m suam faciles esse e l len t
,
n v ,
3 n e e n t cui n ihil negatum

ar e ll e t Non in re gn o v
g ,
n .
populum Romanum sed in libertate esse Ita i . n
d is s e in
ux im m h o s t ib s poti s quam re gib s
an u ,
u n u
portas p t e f e re ; ea esse vota omnium t qui

a ac
1
u
4 libertati crit in illa urbe fi i s idem urbi sit P o n , . r
inde si salvam esse vellet R o m m u t p t i t u r libe a ,

a a
5 ram esse o r a r e Rex ve r ecundia victus Qua n d o id

.
ee t m r u atque o b s t i t u m est i q it neque ego “ na

”
n u
, ,
Obt d m s e p i s eadem
un a a e q iq u m agendo ec n u ua ,
n
T q i i s spe
ar u n o i l ii quod nullum in me est fr a s
aux , ,
t b or
ra A lium h i c seu bello O pus est s e
. n ,
quiete n ,
e il i
x
q o e t locum
ua e quid meam vobiscum pacem
ra n ,
n
6 d is t i e t n Di t i s facta m i c i o
a . c d i e it o b s id u m a ra a c
quod e l i q m erat e d d id it ag r m V e i e t e m fe e
r uu r ,
a n
7 dere ad I ic l u m i t o an d e m p t u m r e s t i t it
u c Tar a u .
quinins spe omni reditus incisa e s l t m ad x u a u
g e m
n e ru M m il i m O at i m Tuscul
u um b i i t c av n a .
Romanis pax fi d cum P o s i2

fuit
a r n na .
X V I C o s l e s M Valerius P P o s t m i u s
. n u . E . u . 0
anno bene p g t m cum S b i is ; o s u l e s t riu m

u na u a n c n
2 ph u t ar M aiore inde mole S abini bellum p r b n t

n . a a a .
A dve r s s e o s e t e quid simul ab T u s c u l o unde etsi

u n ,
non apertum s u s p e c t u m t a m e bellum erat repentini

,
n ,
1
ea vt H t : m
es se o a vt er z l t t m ea ea ess e o a e sse v o un a e
P m ea l t t m Q
esse v o u n a e .
2
fi d a M a d r ig fi d a ita Q .
2 68
BOO K I I xv . . 2 —x v 1 . 2
to s crifice their existence to their go o d natu r e denied

a ,
the request o f a man whom they would not will

i gly have denied anything
n The Roman people .
were not living under a monarchy but we r e free , .
They had r esolved to throw Open thei r gates

to enemies soone r tha n to ki g ; i n this praye r n s
they were all united that the day which saw ,
the end of libe rty in thei r C ity might also see

the C ity s end They therefore entreated him i f h e
’
.
,
desired the wel fare o f Rome to permit he r to be ,
free The king yielding to h i better feelings made

.
,
s ,
“
answer : S ince this is your fixed resolve I will ,
n either importune you with repeated insistence upo n

a hopeless plea nor will I deceive the T q i ii with
,
ar u n
the hope o f aid which it is not in my power to grant .
Let them seek elsewhere whether war or peace be ,
thei r obj ect for a place of exile that n othing may

, ,
h inder my being at peace with y o u H is words

”
.
were followed by yet mo r e friendly deeds The .
hostage s remaining in his hands he r eturned and ,
he gave back the V e i e t i e land which he had taken

n n
from the Romans by the treaty made on Janiculum .
T rq i i s cut o ff fr om ll hope o f retur n ing de

a u n u ,
a ,
parted for Tusculum to S pend his exile l n the hom e

,
of his son -i n -law M amilius O ctavius The Romans

,
.
enj oy ed an unb r oken peace with P o s i r nna .
X V I The consulship o f M arcus V alerius and P b

. u
lius P o s t m i us This year a success ful wa r was waged

u .
agai st the Sabines and the consuls triumphed M ore

n ,
.
elaborate preparations fo r wa r were then made by

the S abines T o con front them and to prevent any
.
,
sudden peril a r ising from Tusculum in which quar t e r ,
h o stility though n ot openly avowed was non e the

, ,
LI V Y
p e ri c u l i o re re t n r, alerius qua r tum T Lucretius
P . V .
3 iterum c o s l e s facti n S e d i t io inte r belli p c is qu e

u . a
aucto r es orta in S b i is l iq t m inde i i m a n a u an u v r u
4 t s t u l it
ra n ad Ro m anos N m q e A ttius C lausus . a u ,
cui postea A ppio C laudio fuit Romae nome n cum ,
pacis ipse auctor a t b t i b s belli p e m e e t u r e e nr a or u r r n
par f c t io i esset ab I e gill o 1 magna c li t i m

a n ,
nr , en u
5 comitatus manu R o m m t sf
g,
i t His civitas data a ra n u .
e e trans A i e e m ; vetus C laudia tribus

r u n n d d i t i
a
g q s a
po tea novis t ib l ib s qui ex e e i e t agro appel

s r u u O v n r n
lati A ppius inter patres le tus haud ita multo post

2
. o
6 in p i i p m d ig
r nc t io e m p e
u e it Co s le s i
na n rv n . n u n
fe to e e rc i t
s in g m S b i m p o fe t i cum ita
x u a ru a nu r c
va s t t io e dein p o e l i d fii is s e t O pes h s ti m t
a n ,
r o a x n o u n
diu nihil inde e b e l l i i s t i m e ir posset t i m p h t e s

3
on r ,
r u an
7 R m m re d i e
o a t P Valerius omnium co nsensu
rn n . .
,
princeps belli p i s qu e t ib ann o post A grippa

ac ar u s,
M enenio P P s t m i c o s l ib s mo r itur gloria ih

. o u o n u u ,
genti c e p iis f m i l i ib s adeo e m g s u t funeri

,
a ar u ui
su m p t u s d e e s s e t ; de public e est d t u s L e e a . ux r
8 m t o a e u t Brutum
r na R odem anno dua c ol i e. c on a
L t i e P o m e t i e t C o r a ad A n r
a na ,
a s d e fi in t ,
unco c n .
I n re gill o We i ss e n b o r n ( cf l lf o m m s en , OJ L 1 444) c ifi
1
. . .
1
.
r e gill o M on r igil l o M P F U0 n e r i ill o B : 6 r i il l o D L

2
g g
g g
r i il l o H g ll o B : On R e
g i l l o
“
g i . .
2
a p p e lla ti
M a d v ig : a p p e l l a a 0 t
"
.
1
t i m e r i p o s s e D u ke r : t
m e e p o s se n t Q ti r .
1
u r tri
By 2 41 B C t h e n m b e o f . b e s h a d g ro n t o
.
y
-fi v e w th irt .
Af et r thi t tri w r a
s d a e no new bes e e d d e d , b u t n e wl y n c o i r
i tri t w r
p o ra t e d d s c s i
e e a s s gn e d t o on e or an ot e of t h e hr
r
al ead y x i ti tri
e s n
g h
b esr i T u s c e ta n m e m b e s o f t h e . r
LI V Y
C u m A n ru n c i s bellum i n i t u m , fn s o q u e ingenti ex er
c it u qui se i gre d ie t ib u s fines c o l ib s fe ro c it e r

,
n n n su u
ob t l e t omne A u u c u m bellum P m e t i m com

u ra ,
r n o a
9 p l n su m est Ne e m agis post p o e l i m quam i n proe

. r u
lio e d ib u s t e m p e t u m est ; e t e s i l iq t o
ca ra ca a u an
p l re s e
u t quam ra n capti et c
p t o s passim trucida ,
a
ve u r t ; e ab o b s id ib s quidem qui t re c e t i
n n c e ti u n a c
p ,
nume r o e t i ra belli b s t i it Et h e an no
ra n ,
a nu . o
Romae t i u m p h t u m r a .
X V I I S e c t i o s l e s Op it e r Ve rgi i s Sp C ass ius

. u c n u n u .
P o m e t i m primo vi d e i d e vin c is l iis q e o p e ib u s

a ,
n a u r
2 Op p g u u t n arI n quos A u i magis iam i e p i

n . ur nc ,
n x a
bili odio quam spe l iqu t occasione coo rti cum a a an ,
l e s igni quam fe r ro armati e c u c

ur i sse n t c e d e x u rr
p , a
3 i c e d i q e cuneta o m p l
n n o ut V incis i c e s i multis c en . n n s,
h o s t i u m v o l e t is e t o c i s i s c o s u l u m quoque alte
n ra c ,
n
r um sed ut r um aucto r es non d i i t — gravi vol

— 1
a c un
4 n ere ex equ o d e i e c t u m prope i n t e rfe c e u n t R m m r . o a
inde male gesta re re d it m Inte r m l t o s s n c io s u . u a
consul spe incerta vitae e l t s I t e i e c t d e i d e

2 r a n . n r o n
hand magno spatio quod l e ib s c d is p vo n r u u ra n su
p l e d o
q
n e e ex r i tu i satis esse t cum i r a m
c aioreu
3
tu rn ,
5 i ib s etiam u t i s P o m e t i e arma i n l t
v r u a c Et cum a a a .
vincis re fe c t is l i qu e mol e belli iam in e o esset n t

a a
1
d t
se m H t u d v r m
rn m a v ru m m
er z : se e u no en : e no en
A l h f ki
sc e s l t. D k li t 2
a re a u s u er : re c us .
i 3
m i r g
ra i a om i r b ll m Qe ra a o e e u .
1
L ivy h as no w hr te e o ld ab t t h
us ou ese h t o s a ge s In .
chp a . xx ii . 2 the sam e t w giv t h

o ns e e sa m e num b e of r
h tgos a es . Ob v i u o sly he h m d
as d i ti t a e s nc pi d
e so e s o u t of
BOO K I I xv 1. . 8— x v 11 .
5
A n ru n c i we r e th e first to be attacked Upon the .
de eat
f of the great army which had boldly is ued s
forth to m e et the invasion f their territory by the o
consuls the whole weight o f the A

, n war fell u ru n c a
up o n P o m e t i A fter the battle as well as during

a .
,
its progres n o quarter was given T h e slain had

s, .
somewhat outnumbered the prisone r s and the pri ,
so mers we r e indiscriminately slaughtered Even the .
hostages of wh o m three hundred had bee n r eceived

, ,
we r e not spa r ed in the rage f war 1 This yea r also o .
a triumph was celebrated at Rome .
X VI I The consuls of the next year Op it e V e r

.
,
r 502
g in ui s and S puri us C assius attempte d to capture ,
Pom ti e first by assault and then by the use f

a, o
mantlets and other engines A gain t thei r besiege rs . s
the A n i rather o f an implacable hat r ed than fo

n ru c , r
any h ope o r opportunity ffered r ushed out armed O , ,
with fi e b d s f the mo t part instead f swo rds

r ra n or s ,
O ,
and ca rr ied death and fl ames in all directions The .
mantlets we r e burne d many o f their enemies were ,
wounded o r slain d one o f the consuls— which,

an
one the histo r ians d o not add— was serio sly wounded u ,
thrown from his horse d almost killed The Romans ,

an .
then m arched home de feated A mong t th e m any ,

. s
wounded they brought the consul hovering betwixt ,
li fe and death W hen a short time had elapsed long

.
,
enough for healing wound and recruiti g the army s n ,
they r eturned with heightened resentment and also

,
with augmented fo rces to the attack of P o m e t i ,

a .
They had repa red thei r mantlets and the r est of

i
their equipment and they we r e already up o n the ,
d i ff r t v r i
e en f th e ms on st ry m i l d d b t b y t h
o e sa e s o ,
s e no ou e
d i ff r t d t
e en ig d b y d i ff r t n l i t t t h ff ir f
a es ass ne e en a na s s o e a a o
P o m e t ia .
LI V Y
6 in muros e a d e e t miles ded itio est facta C eterum
v r ,
.
nihilo m i us f e d dedita urbe quam s i c p t foret

'
n o a a a
A i passi
n ru n c
1
principes securi p e s s i sub corona rc u ,
v
e e t coloni alii ; oppidum d i t n m ager
ni ru n e ii t ru , v n .
7 C o s l e s magis ob i r as graviter l t s quam ob magni

n u u a
t u d i e m per fecti belli t i m p h

n t r u a ru n .
X V I I I I s e q e s annus P o s t m m C o m i i u m e t
. n u n u u n
2 T L gi m 2
s u l e s habuit Eo anno R o m e c u m
’
. ar u c on . a ,
per ludos ab S b i o n m i v e t u t e per l s c i i m a n r u n a v a
scorta p e re t c ra su h om i n m rixa ac prope

u r, on cu r nu
o e l i m fuit e ex re ad e ll i o e m sp e c
3
p r
pu r
q b,
a va u re n
3 tare i d e b t u S uper belli S abini metum id quo

5 4
v a r .
que c c e s s e t quod t igi t iam c i r s s e populos

a ra ,
r n a on u a
concitante O ctav o M m il i o satis o s t b at In hac 1 a c n a .
t t r m e s p e c t t i o e r erum sollicita civitate dicta

an a u x a n
tori primum c e d i m e t io o rta S e d n ec quo

s r an n .
anno e e quibus o s l ib u s quia ex f c t i o n e Tar

,
n c n u , a
q m u e sse t
i an a id quoque e n im traditur
n parum
e d it m sit
cr nec qu s p m m dictator c e t s sit
u ,
i r1 u r a u ,
5 atis c o nstat
s A pud v e t e r i m o s t m e. auctores r a n
T L gi m d i c t t o e m p rimum Sp C s s iu m magis
.
6
ar u a r ,
. a
1
fo e d a p a s s M a d v ig ; fo e d e i
p ass m o i .
2
La r giu m n : L a rc iu m M a d v ig ( wi th D io n H a l V l I ) . . . .
o m c h ap 1 . xx i
B u t C a s s io d or iu s gi v es La rgu s , a n d i t i s
. .
s af e r ( wit h C on wa y a n d Wa l t er s ) t o f o l l o w t h e M S S wh er e , a s .
h er e , t h e y a gr ee .
3
e x r e G r o n o v : e x re r e s ( or e x re . s p e c t a re re s ) 11 .
1
supe r
D u ker : s u p a r Q .
5 2 -
i i
S a b n R g z La n : ti i Q
C o n wa y a n d Wa l t er s b r a cke t
s up a r m e t u m a s a m a r gi n a l s u m m a r y .
6
L a rgi u m I) La rc i u m U, ( s o i n
. 6 , b elo w) .
LI V Y
trum e q it m creat s u u e i n v e n io . C onsulares
legere ;
6 ita lex i b e b t de d i t n a c a t o re creando lata Eo m agi . s
a dd u cor ut c re d a m L a rg i u m qui c o s l is erat

, n u ar ,
poti s quam n M
’
. Va l e ri u m 1
M arci fi li u m V l e s i e
2
o n
p ot e m qui ,
n on dum consul fu e ra t , m o d e ra t o re m et
7 m a gi s t ru m c o n s u l ib u s a
pp o s it u m ; quin ,
3 si maxime
ex ea familia legi d i t t e m e ll e t p c a or v n ,
a r t e m m ulto
poti n M V l e i m s p e c t t e virtutis e t c o s l re m
s . a r u a a n u a
virum l e g is s e t n .
8 C re t e d i c t t o e primum Romae p o s t q m prae

a a r , ua
ferri secures id e t magnus p l e b e m metus i

v ru n , n
c e s it s ut i t e t i o e s e s e t ad dicto p e d m
,
n n r s n ar n n .
Neque enim t in o s l ib u s qui pari potest te ,

u c n u a
e s e t alterius auxilium neque provocatio erat neque

s n , ,
9 ullum s q m u cura p e d i auxilium S b i is

ua n 1s 1 i n ar n . a n
e tiam e t s Romae dictator e o magis quod propter

cr a u ,
10 se e t m
cr e d id e
a nt metum i s s it It q e
u cr ra ,
n cu . a u
legatos de pace m it t t Quibus n t ib s dicta un . o ra u

‘
torem s e t m q u e t veniam e o i s h m i ib u s
na u u rr r o n
ad l u t ib s darent respons m i g o s i a d l e s c e
esc e n u ,
u ,
n c u n
t i b s posse , s e i b s non posse qui bella ex bellis

u n u ,
l l se e e t r r A ct m t m e
n . e t de pace i m
p t t qu e
n e a n s , ra a
foret si quod i m p e
, ,
factum in bellum e rat prae n sae ,
stare S abini — i d enim postulatum erat i im m — n an u
i d
n is s e t
ux Bellum i d i t m : t e it e i d u t i e
n . n c u a a n a
u i e t m annum t eu e e nu r
q .
1
M V a l e ri u m Gr u t er : M V a l e ri u m o
’
. . .
2
M a rc i fi l iu m R h en a n us m a rc i fn fi u m ( or t h e like ) a .
3 qu in L e h n e r t ui ( u is P ) a q q .
B u t in 3 00 B C a l e x Va l e r ia d e p r o v o c a tion e ga
1 .
"
. v e
p eople t h e g t o a
p p ri h t
ea l f o m t h e d c a o r ittr .
2 7 6
B O O K II . x v 1 11 .
5
—1 1
ma ter o f the ho r se They chose men of con ular

s . s n o . 5 01
rank f so the law prescribed which had been passed

,
or
to regulate the selection o f a dictator I am there .
fore the more disposed to believe that L gi s a ar u ,
con ular rather than M anius Valeriu the son f

s ,
s, o
M a r cus and g r andson f Vo l e s s a man who had o u ,
not yet held the consulship was assigned to be the ,
director and superior f consuls ; and indeed i f men

o
had bee specially desirous o f choosing the dictator

n
from that family they would much soone r have

,
selected M a rcus Valerius th e fathe r a man of p roven ,
worth and an ex -consul .
W hen they had named a dictat o r for the fir t time s
at Rome and men saw the axes borne be fore him a

, ,
great fear came ove r the plebs and cau ed them to s
be more zealous in obeying orde r s Fo r there was .
no recourse in this case as with the consuls who , ,
shared the powe rs o f their o ffice equally to the as ,
e of the man s colleague nor was there any

’
s is t an c ,
appeal no r any help anywhere but i n sc r upulous

obedience The S abines too were inspired with
1 .
, ,
fear by the appointment o f the d ictator especially ,
s ince they believed that it was on their account that

he had been c r eated A cco r dingly they sent legates
.
to treat fo peace W hen they r equested th e d i

r . e
tato r and the enate to pardon an e rr or committed

s
by young men the answer was give n that to pardo n

,
young men was possible but not old men who con ,
t i v e d one w
r a fter another Nevertheless e g t i
ar . n o a
tions for peace were be gun and it would have be e n ,
granted to the S abines could they have made up ,
their minds to gua r antee as the Romans demanded , ,
th e sum which had been expe n ded fo r the war .
Hostilities we r e declared but a tacit t r uc e p r ese r ved

,
a state of peace thr o ugh the yea r .

LI VY
XIX . C on s u le s Se r .
1
S ulpicius M
’
. Tullius ; nihil 2
d ign u m memoria act m T A e b t i s d e i d e e t n . . u u n
2 C V e t s iu s
. His c o s l ib s F i d e e o b s s s C rus
u . n u u na e ae,
t me i
u capta P raeneste ab Latinis ad Romanos
r a ,
d e s i it
c v N e e ultra bellum Latinum gl is c e s iam
. n
3 per aliquot an os d i t m l A P ost m i

u 3 dictator a u . . u us
T A e b t i s magister e q it m m g is cop s p e d i t m
. u u u u a n u u
i t m e o fe t i ad lacum R e i l l m in agro Tus

r c
e
q u
q u
p u
g u
4 culan o g m i i h s t i m o c a e n t et quia Tar

o u c u rr ru n , ,
q i
u n oi s esse in e e i t u Latinorum u d it m x est
rc a u ,
s s t i e i i r a non p t i t quin e t m p l
u n r c o fli e e t
g o u x e o n r n .
5 Ergo etiam p li m l iq t quam cetera gravins

ro e u a u an o
atque t i s fuit N o enim duces ad e ge d m

a ro c u . n r n a
modo consilio rem d f e e sed is m e t psi cor 1 a n r ,

su 1
‘
p o ib s r d i
u m i t es m i sc e e ce t mi
can nec quis u r r a n a,
quam procerum ferme hac nt illa ex acie sine a
6 vo nl e e praeter d i t t e m Roman m e
r e s s it c In
a or u x c .
P t m i m prima in acie suos d h t

os u u t e m i str e a or an n u n
tem q e T i i s S uperbus quamquam iam

ar u n u e t te a a
u
q ,
et i ib
v rerat g i e q m i f t
us d is i t i t u s
ra v o r, uu n es us a n1 ,
c
qu e ab latere c u s s orum e c e p t in t t m on c r u n r us u u
7 e t s Et ad alterum cornu A e b u t i s magister equi

. u
tum i O c t i m M m il iu m i m p e t m d e d e t e
n av u a u ra ,
n e
1
S e r S igo n i u s (f r o m C ic B r u t 6 2 , cf C a s s i od
. . . . .
2
1 .
p . S e rv il i u s O ( D i o n H a l V Ii i I )
. . . . . .
2
. i
M T u ll u s S igon iu s ( D io n H a l l o ) if1 m a l
’
. . . . ni us t ll u us
( o r t h e l ike ) 0 .
3
A P o s t u m i u s S a b e l l i c u s ( D io n H a l V I
. . . . ii . a ur l i e us
p o s t u m iu s fl p s . G r o n o v : i s is 0
p i i . .
2 78
LI V Y
fe fe ll it v en ie n s T u s c u l a n u m d u c e m , contra quem 1 et
8 ille c o n c it a t e
q uum . T a n t a qu e v is i n fe s t i s v e n ie n
tium h uit t b c h i m A e b t io t i e t m sit

a s t is f ,
u ra c u u ra c u ,
9 M m il i pectu p e
a ss m
o Hune quidem in s e c u
s rc u u . n
dam ie m Latini recepere : A e b u t i s cum saucio

ac u
b h i o tene r e t e l m non posset pugna e c e s s i t

ra c e u ,
x .
10 Latinus dux n ihil d e t e i t l e e p o e l i m c ie t rr us vo n r r u
et quia suos p e l s s id e b t
,
e s s it c h te m
rc u o v a ,
a rc o or
e l m Ro m
x su u o m cui L T q i i fil i s praean ru , . ar u n u
erat E q .
2
maiore p g b t ira ob e e p t bona
a, ue u na a r a
p t a i m ue
r a
q d em
p t m pugnam p m
a
p e r e s t i t u it a , a ru r .
XX Re fe e t ib s iam pedem ab ea parte Romanis

. r n u
M V alerius P b l i c o l e frater o s p i c t s fe o c e m
. u a c n a u r
i enem T u i i m ost e t t e m se in prima e x s

“
ar an
uv
q n u n u
l um acie domestica etiam gloria c e s s u t cuius

,
ac n u ,
2 familiae decus e i e t i r eges e r t ei d e m i t e rfe c t i c an ,

us n
forent subdit calcaria equo e t T q i i m in festo

,
ar u n u
3 s p i c l o petit u T qu i i s retro in agmen snorum

. ar n u
in fenso c e s s i t hosti V l e i m temere i e t m in . a r u nv c u
e l m
x su u i e m ex t r ansverso quidam d t s trans
ac a or u
fi g it nec q i q u m e q it i s
,
o l e e equo
u c et ad to u v n r r ar a
m ib
or d s Romanus l b e t i b s super co rpus a r mis
un u a n u
ad t e m d e fl it Dictator P s t m i s p s t q m
r ra ux . o u u o ua
e i d i s s e talem vi r um e s l e s fe o i t e
c c citato gm i e ,
x u r c r a n
5 i eh i
nv suos p e l s s cedere im d e t it c o h o rt i
,
rc u o an a v r ,
1
tr q m Q
con t q aM d ig ue . con ra ue a v .
E 2
q M P BD
a, q HL uo qu iam 0 q : ea uo : ea on : co uo
P F UB
2
: e o qu e M 1
.
1
Of t h e T a rq u in i u s , S e
son s of xt us s
’
d ea t h i m ti d s en on e
in I . 1x . 2 a nd a th t
o f A rru n s in I I . vi . 9 .T h i m t th r
s us e e
f o re h v a e b e en T u s (I lv i it . .
BO O K I I x 1x . .
7
—x x .
5
saw him coming and he too spu r red his horse to

,
the encounter ; and so great was the force in their

levelled lances as they met that the arm of A e b u t i s , u
was t ransfixed while M amilius was struck in the

,
breast M amilius w r eceived by the Latins within

. as
thei r second line A e b u t i u s being unable to manage ,
a weapon with his wounded arm r etired fr om the ,
battle The Latin leader not a je t discouraged

.
,
by his wound urged on the fighting a nd because

, , ,
he saw that his men were in retreat called up a ,
cohort o f R o man exiles commanded by a son o f ,
Lucius T rq i iu s and these fighting with greater

a
1
u n , ,
fu ry on account o f the loss o f their property and

native land r estored th e battle f a while
,
or .
XX W hen the Romans we r e o w beginning t o

. n
give way in that part of the field M arcus V alerius ,
P b l i c l s brother espied the young T q u i iu s

’
u o a ,
ar n ,
who was bol d ly inviting attack in th e front rank

o f the exile Valerius fou d in his brother s glory
’
s . n
an additional incentive and res olving that the family ,
which had the honour o f expelling the ty rants

sh o uld also gain the c r edit fo r their de th he d g a ,
u
his spurs int o his charge r a d r ode at T a q i i s n r u n u
with levelled spea r T q u i i s drew back within . ar n u
the company of his followers to avoid h i desperate s
antag o nist V alerius w plungi g blin d ly into the

. as n
exiles line when one of them attacked him in the

’
fl ank and ran him th r ough the body But th e rider s ’

.
wound did n ot check the ca r ee r of his horse and ,
the dying Rom n came down in a heap upon thea
ground with his a rms upon him W hen the dictato r .
P o s t m iu s pe r ceived that so brave a oldie r had fallen

u s ,
that the exiles were advancing boldly at th e double ,
and that his t ro ops we re checked and we r e giving

2 81
LI V Y
su a e , quam d e l e c t m manum p e s id ii causa circa s e
a ra
h b e b t dat signum n t quem snorum f g i e t e m

a a , u n
v i d e i n t pro hoste h b e
r t Ita metu ancipiti versi
a an .
6 a fuga Romani in bostem e t restituta acies C ho s . o r
d i c t a t o i s tum primum p o e l iu m i
r t ; i t e g i s co r r nn n r
7 p o ib s
r u i m is q e fe s s o s d o rt i e s u l e s c e d
an u t I bi
a x a un .
alia inter proceres c o o t pugna Impe rato r Latinus r a .
ubi h t e m e s u l m a d ic t t o e Roman o prope cir

co or x u a r
c m
u ven t m vidit ex s u b s i d i ii s m
a ,
ip u l o s aliquot in ar an
8 primam i e m secum
ac
p i t Hos g m i e v erai e te s . a n n n
T H e m i iu s legatus c o s p i c t s i t e q e e o s i s ig
. r n n a u n r u n
nem veste m is q u e M m ili m ar s c it s tan to vi

a u no an
maiore quam paulo ante magiste r e q it m cum hos u u
9 tium duce p ro e l i u m i m t u t e t uno i c t tr usfi , m u an x u
per latus o c id e it M m ili m e t ipse inte r spoli n

c r a u e
dum corpus ho tis e t o p e c s s s cum victor i n

s v ru r u u ,
cast ra esset re l t s inter p r imam r t io e m e s p i

a u , cu a n x
10 r av e ri t Tum ad equites dictato r d o l t o b t e s t s

. a v a an
u t fesso iam p e d it e descendant ex equis e t pugnam
c pe ss
a t
an Dicto p a u e re : d e s il i t ex equis p r o
. r nn ,
v ola nt in p r imum e t p ro n t e s ig is parmas obi a n an
l l ci un t . R e ip it e t e m p l o
c i m u m p e d e s t i s acies
x an r ,
o st qu am i e n t u t i s proce r es a c quat o gene r e

u v
p p u
g e na
secum partem p e ic u l i s u s t i e n t e s vidit Tu rn de

r n .
LI V Y
mum impulsi Latini p e l qu e i l i v i t acies ,
rc u s a ne na .
Eq it i u d m t i equi u t p e s q i h o s t e m posset ;
a o r e u
secuta e t p e d e s t is acies Ibi nihil nec d i i e e r . v na n e
h m n e opis dictator p e t e m i t t e s e d e m C astori

u a a ra r n a
v o i s s e fe t u r ac o rt i sse militi e m i qui r nun a ra a

v
p p
primus qui secundus cast ra h s t i m i t s s e t ; tan
,
o u n ra
t u s q u e ardor fuit t e o d e m impetu quo f d e nt u u ra
bostem Romani cast r a caperc t H o e modo ad u .
lacum Re g ill m p g t m est Dictato r e t ma gi

u u na u . s
ter e q it m t i m p h t e s i n u b e m e d ie e
u u r u an r r r .
XX I Triennio d e i d e n ec certa pax nec bellum

. n
fuit C
. o s l es Q C o e iu s e t T
l n l u L i s
1
i de . . a rc u , n
2 A S empronius e t M M i
. i s His c o s l ib s e d is . nuc u . n u u a
S aturno dedicata S aturnalia i s t it t u s festus dies ,

n u .
3 A d e i d e P s t m i s e t T V e gi i u s o n s l
. n o facti
u u . r n c u es .
Ho d e m u m anno ad Re gil l u m lacum p g t u m

e u na
apud q d m i e io ; A P o s t m i m quia collega

u os a nv n . u u ,
d b i e fi d e i fuerit se
u a s l t abdicasse ; d ic t t o ,
con u a u a
4 rem inde factum Tanti errores implicant temporum .
aliter apud alios d i t i m g is t t i b s u t nec qui or na s a ra u
o s l e s secundum quos nec quid quoque anno 2

c n u ,
actnm sit in tanta e t s t t e non rerum modo sed v u a
etiam auctorum d ig e e p s s is er r o .
1
Lar i a L ti
c ns U0 L g i : g L g C ari d us : ar us '
: ar us a ss o .
,
fil o m m s e n , C I L
. . . i .
2
p . 99 ( b u t D i o n . Hal . v . l ix . I, h a s
A dp m o s ) .
2
q u os C r e v i er : q u o s d a m I2 .
1 T h e Sa t r li
u na a p r o
pe r fe l l on De c e m b e r 1 7, th ou g h as
m any as se v d y
en a s c am e to b e de vt o ed t o t h e p op u la r c ele
2 84
B O O K II xx . . 1 1— xx 1 .
4
La t in received a check and their battle -line w

s , as
forced to yield The knights had their horse brought . s

5 004 99
up that they migh t be able to pursue the enemy and ,
th ey were follo wed by the in fantry Then the dictator .

,
n eglecting no help divine or human is said to have , ,
vowed a templ e to C astor and to have promised e , r
ward to the soldiers who should be first and second

s
to enter the camp of th e enemy ; and so great was

the ardour f th e Romans that with a single rush
o ,
they r outed their opponents and took their camp .
S uch was the battle at Lake R e gil l s The dictat or u .
and h i maste r of the ho r se r eturned to the C ity and

s
t r iumphed .
X X I Fo r the next three years there w

. neithe r as
a stable peace nor war The consul Quintus C l o e l i s . s u
and Titus Larci s were followed by A ulus S e m p ro n
nius and M arcus M i i s In the latter year a nuc u .
t emple to S aturn w dedicated and the S aturnali as a
was established as a festal day Next A ulus P ostu

1
.
miu and Titus V e gi i s were made consuls It was

s r n u .
not until this year according to some authorities I ,
have consulted that the battle f Lak e R e gill s was ,

o u
fought They say that A ulus P t u m i s becaus e

. os u ,
his colleague was of doubtful loyalty resigned the ,
consul hip and was then made dictato r O e is i

s ,
. n n
v ol ed in so many uncertainties regarding dates by

v
t h e varying o r der of the magistrates in di ffe r ent lists

that it is impossibl e to make out which consuls fol
lowed which o r what was done in each particula r
,
y ear when
,
not only events but even authorities a r e
s o shrouded in antiquity .
b r ti
a f t h f tiv l ( M r b i
on o e x es wh i h w a rt ac o us , I . . c as a so
o f r iv l A
ca n l d It l i f
a . t i t p r b b l y ri gi t d
s an o a c e as o a o na e
ea rl i r t h Livy th gh t S M r b i
e an vi 1 ou . ee ac o us 1 . i i . .
V0 ] I.
LI V Y
laudius d i d e e t P
Ap C . e n . S e rv il i u s c o n su le s facti .
Insignis h i annus e t ti e s nun o T a rq u i n i mortis M . or
tu C umis q se post f
ns ,
ue ra c t a s O pes Latinorum ad
6 A ri s t o d e m u m t y ra n n u m c o n t u l e ra t Eo
’
. nun ti o e re c t i
patres erecta plebes S e d p t ib s nimis luxuriosa

,
. a r u
ea fuit laetitia : plebi cui ad eam diem summa ope ,
i sen i t m erat i i i e a p im o ri b s fi e i
rv u ,
n ur a
oe e e
p r u r c r .
7 E d e m anno S ig i colonia quam r ex T qu i i s

o n a , ar n u
d ed er t su l e t o numero c o l o o r m ite rum de

ux
pp a , n u
d ueta est Romae tribus una e t igi t i f c t e

. v n a a .
A edes M ercuri dedicata est i d ib s M ans n .
XXI I C u m Vo l s o m gente Latino bello n eque

. c ru
p ax neque bellum f er t ; n am e t V olsci compara

u a
ve r ant auxilia quae m itt e re t Latinis i m t t m n ,

n a u ra u
ab d i t t e Roman o esset e t m t r v it Romanus

c a or ,
a u a ,
o e l io uno cum Latino V o l s c o e co t e d e et n

ne
p r
q u n r .
Hac ira o s l e s in Vo l s m g m legiones d e re

“
2 c n u cu a ru ux .
V o l s c s consilii poenam non m e t e t e s

o eco i
p t u n n na a
r es p e l it ; m m i m m e m o e s b s i d e s dant tre
rc u ar o ru r o
centos p i ip m a C ora atque P o m e t i libe ros Ita

r nc u a .
3 sine certamine inde b d t e legiones Nec ita

‘
a uc a .
multo post Vo l s is l e t is metu suum e d iit inge c va r
nium ; rs u s c l t m parant bellum H e i is in

ru o cu u rn c
4 s o ie t a t e m a m o u m
c d m p t is
r Legatos quoque ad
r a su .
LI V Y
s o ll i c i t a n du m Latium pa sim d im i t t t ; d e e s s un se r c n
ad R g il l e u m lacum accepta l di Latinos ira O d i o q e e u s u
eius q i ,
u cu m q e arma s
u d e et e ab l e
g t i quidem ua r ,
n a s
v i o l a n d is a b s t in u it ; eom
p re h e n s o s Vo l s c o s Ro m a m
du x e re . Ibi traditi est c o n s u lib u s , in d ic a t u m q u e
5 V l s o H e i s q e pa r are bellum Romanis
o c s rn c o Relata u .
re ad s t m adeo fuit g t m p t ib s t e t capti

ena u ra u a r u u
v o rum e milia Latini s m it t x t e t de fo e d e e s re e re n r ,
quod prope in perpetuum negatum f e t rem ad u ra ,
6 novos magistratu t i e e t E im e o tum Latini s ra c r n . n v r
gaudere facto ; pacis auctores in ingenti gloria es e s .
C m
o ro n a m Iovi donum in C apitolium m it t
a u re a t un .
C m leg ti d o e qui c t i o m r e m i s s i ad suos

u
q p
a s no u a v ru
7 f t magna
u e ra n i mf s,
m l t i t d o venit Per
c rc u u a u u , .
gunt domo e o m apud quem quisque s i e t ; s ru e rv ra n
gratias g t l ib e l it babiti l t i q in calamita te

a un ra er cu ue
sua ; inde ho pitia i g t Nunquam alia ante s un un . s
publice p i t im q e Latinum nomen Romano im r va u
perio o i t i s fuit c n un e u .
XXII I S e d e t bellum V l s m im m i e b t e t
. o cu n a ,
civita s secum ipsa d is c o s i t s t i inter patres pl e r n e ne
b e m qu e fl g b t odio maxime propter nexos ob aes

a ra a ,
2 a lie m F e m eb
nu t se foris pro libe rtate e t im
. r an
Ne
1
ith r p tiv tr ty w r m ti d i h p xx
e ca e s n or ea e e en on e n c a . .
an d L y iv m h r t b f l l wi g d i ff r t th rity
see s e e o e o o n a e en au o ,
p i
ossb l y V l ri f A t i m wh m t
a e x 8h a
us o n u , o a x x x n I . . e ccu ses
o f x gg r t i g
e a mb r
e a n nu e s .
T h w rd
2
e w u d ( I) f
o wh h d b rr w d
n ex u s as se o on e o a o o e
“ bi di g h im l f t w rk t t h d b t ”
m y by
on e n n se o o ou e e as a
virt l l v f h i r d it r i f b l t r p y t h m y
ua s a e o s c e o , una e o e a e on e
(2 ) f o b
on e so d d t ll y rvi g ou n , an ac ua se n .
2 88
B OO K I I xx . 11 .
4
—x x m . 2
way and that to instigate the Latins to rebellion

, .
B t th e disaster which had recently be fallen th e

u
Latin at Lake R gill s so filled them with rage and

s e u
hate against anyo e who advised them to go to wa rn ,
that they did not even abstain from violating an
emba sy but seized th e Volsci and brought them

s ,
to Rome The r e they delivered them up to the

.
co suls with the in formation that the V olsci and

n
th e H ernici were preparing to attack the Romans .
W hen thi service had been repo rted to the senate

s
th e Fathers were so grate ful that they released to

the Latins six thou a d captives and re fe rr ed th e s n ,
questio n of a treaty which they had all but r e fu ed , s
in pe r petuity to the incoming magistrates Then

,
1
.
,
indeed th e Latin rejoiced at th e action they had

,
s
t ke and the advocates of peace were in great

a n,
r epute They sent a golden crown as a gift to the

.
C apitoline Jupiter W ith the envoys who brought.
the gift came the captives who had been restored to

their friends a vast attendant multitude P roceeding
,
.
to th e homes of those whom they had seve rally

se r ved they thanked them fo r the liberality and
,
considerati o n which had been shown them in their

adversity and e tered into covenants of hospi t ality
,
n
with them Never befo r e had there been so close a

.
u nio n both o fficial and pe r sonal between the Latin

“
, ,
name and the Roman state .
X XI I I But not only was wa r with the V olsci im

.
minent ; the citizens were at loggerheads among

themselves and inte r nal dissensions between the
,
Fathe r s and the plebs had burst in to a blaze of

hatred chiefly on accou n t of those wh o had been
,
bound ove r to service fo r their debts These men

2
.
c omplai n ed lo u dly that while they we r e ab r oad fi gh t

2 89
LI V Y
perio d im ic a n t e s domi a i ib s p t o s e t o p p re s s o c v u ca s
esse t t i e m q e in bello qu m in pace e t inter

,
u or u a
hostis quam inter civis l i b e t t e m p l e b is esse ; i n i r a v
d i m q u e eam sua sponte g l is e t e m insignis unius

a c n
3 calamita c e d its M agno natu quidam cum o m

ac n .
n ium m l m s orum i s ig ib s se i forum pr o ie

1
a o ru n n n u n
cit O b s it e rat s q l o e vestis f e d io r co r p or is

. a ua r ,
o
4 habitus pallore ac macie p e e m p t i ; ad h o c p ro m i s s r a
barba e t capilli e ffe r e t s p e i e m oris No s c it a av ra n c .
batu r t m e in tanta d e fo rm i t t e e t o rdines d u is s e

a n a ,
x
a ie b t l i q u e m il i t i e d eco r a v olgo m is e
an a a tes c m
a ra n u
i ct b
a a t ; i p se testes h o e s t
an m al iquot locis pug n a ru
5 n a r um cic trices d e s e pectore o s t e t b t

a a S cisci
v r n a a .
t an t ib s u nd e il le h abitus u n de d e f m i t s cum
u ,
or a ,
ci rc u mf s turba ess e t prope in c o t io is modum

u a n n ,
S b i e bello ait se m ilitantem quia propter p o p l

a n , u a
t i o e s gri n on fru t u m o do c
n a u e i t sed villa incensa
c ar r ,
fue r it d i e p t omnia pec or a b t t ib t u m iniquo

,
r a ,
a ac a, r u
6 s n o tempo r e im p e r t m aes l ie m fe is s e Id a u ,
a nu c .
cu m ul tum us
a is p rimo se agro paterno ur it o q e av u
ex ui s s e d e i d e fo t n is l ii s postremo
,
n e l t t b em
r u a ,
v u a
pe r venisse ad corpus ; d u c t m se ab cre d ito r e non u
i n servitium s e d in ergastulum e t c a rn ifi c i a m esse

,
n .
1
m a l o ru m L ip s i u s : m a ior u m fl .
LI V Y
7 Inde o stentare tergum fo e d m re c e t ib s e s t ig iis u n u v
v e b
r m
e ru A d haec visa
. d it q u e clamor i g e s au a n n
oritu r N o iam foro se tumultus c o t i e t sed

. n 1
n n
8 passim t o t m b e m p e r d it
a ur Ne i 2
vineti solu va . x
tique se d iq e i n publicum p o ip i t implorant

un u r r un ,
Q irit i m fi d e m
u u Nullo loco deest e d it io is o l n
. s n v u
tarins comes ; m ultis passim gm i ib s pe r omnes a n u
9 vias cum clamore in forum c u rrit n M agno cum r .
periculo s n o qui forte patrum i fo r o e t i n eam n ra n
turbam i id e u t ; n e e t e m p e ra t u m m ib u s foret
nc r n an ,
n i prope r e c o s u l e s P S e n il i s e t Ap C laudi s ad
,
. rv u . u ,
c om
p i m
r e d m s e d i t io e m i t e v e n i s s e t
n a n A t in eos n r n .
m l t it d o ver a o t e t e v i c l sua d e f m it t e m
'
u u s s n ar n u a or a
que aliam Haec se m e it s dice r e e p b t e s

. r o x ro ra n
suam quisque a lius alibi m il it i m ; postula r e multo a
mi na c it e r magis quam s p p l i it e r u t s e t m voca u c na u
r ent ; c u ri m q e ipsi futu r i arbitri m o d e r t o e s q e

a u a r u
publici co n silii c i rc m s i s t t P auci d m o d m p u un . a u a
tr um quos casus o b t l e t o n t c t i ab c o n s l ib s
,
u ra ,
c ra u u
c e t e ro s metus non cu r ia modo sed etiam foro a r ce
bat nec agi qu ic q m per i f e q e t i m p o t e t

,
ua n r u n a ra
senatus Tum ve ro eludi atque e x t r h i se m l t it d o

. a u u
3 e t pat r um qui b e s s e t n on casu non metu

ut are a n
p , , ,
s e d i m p e d i e d e r ei caus a abesse
n a e t c o n s l e s ipsos , u
-
g z s n s t in e t o
1
con t i n e t .
2
n ex i R g
2
in e x s u i M e n xu a .
2 -
u t a re H D g z p u t a re t 11
3
p .
B OO K I I . x x m .
7
—1
3
chamber H e then showed them his back di figured

.
,
s
wi th the wales o f recent scourging The sight o f .
the e things and the man s recital produced a mighty

s
’
uproar The disturbance was no longer confined to

.
the Forum but spread i all directions through the

,
n
entire C ity Those who had been bou d over whethe r

. n ,
in chai s or not broke out into the streets from every

n ,
side and implored the Quirites to protect them A t

, .
no point was there any l ack f volunteers to join the

'
rising ; everywhere crowds we r e streaming through

the di ffere n t streets n d houting as they hurried to a s
the Forum G r eat was the pe r il of those senat o rs

.
who happened to be i the Forum and fell in with n
the mob which would not indeed have stopped

,
short o f violence had not the consuls P ublius S e r ,
v il iu s and Appius C laudius hurriedly i n te r vened t o ,
put dow n the insurrection But the crowd t rned . u
on them and displayed th ei r chains and othe r hideous

tokens These they cried were the r ewards they
.
, ,
had ear ned and they bitterly rehearsed the cam

,
i s they had each ser ed in v a rious places They v

p g a n .
d emanded in a manner much more th r eatening than

,
suppliant that t h e consuls shou l d convene the senate

,
a d they surrounded th e C uria that they might them

n ,
selves witness and c o nt rol the deliberations of th e

state The consuls succeeded in collecting only a
.
fe w of the senators whom chance had thrown thei r ln
way The r est were afraid to en t er n o t only t h e

.
C u r ia but even the Forum and nothing could be done ,
b e c u s e t h o s e present were too fe w W hereat the

'
a .
people c o ncluded they were being flouted and put ff o ,
and that the missing se n ators we r e abse t not from n
accide n t n o r fear but with the intent to hinder action

, , ,
an d that t h e consuls themselves we r e paltering ;

2 93
LI V Y
t e rgi v e r s a ri, n ec dubie ludibrio esse miserias suas .
I4 Iam prope erat t l m quidem m i e s t

u ne c on su u a as
co e rce t iras h m i
re m cum incerti morando a n
o nu , ,
i
v en en d o plus p i l i t h e e t tandem in sena
er cu c on ra r n ,
tum i t ; f q e t i q e tandem cu r ia non modo

v en un re u n u
inte r patres sed inter l e quidem ipsos satis

n e c on su s
15 c on v e i b t n e A ppiusa . e h m e t i s ingenii vi r ,
v im e n ,
perio s lcon i r em agendam

u ar e eb t : uno aut c ns a
alter o e t
p q
a rr i et s ali
o o s ; S
u i l i l
u ro e i b e rv u s, n us
e m d ii t i
s a i t t im
o r, c o n c fle t i quam frangi
a os an os c
r e p
p t
u b
a t cum
a t ti tum f il i u esse
ns ac us .
XXI V Inter haec maior ali s ter ror : Latini equi

. u
tes cum tumultuoso d l t ti V l a s i n festo

v o an n un o o sc o
ex e r it c ad b e m o p p g d m venire Quae
u ur u n an a . an
dita— adeo d as ex una civitate discordia f

n t e c e ra
2 longe alite r pat r es ac p l e b e m df e e E lt e a ec r . x sn ar
gaudio plebes l t e s s p e b i e pat r um adesse dice r e

,
u or u r a
deos ; alius alium fi m e e nomina darent : cum

c on r ar ,
n
omnibus p o ti s quam solos p e it n ; patres mili r u ro s
ta r ent patr es arma p e e t u t pe n es e d m peri

,
ca r n ,
os e
3 cula belli penes quos p e m i ,

t A t ve ro cu r ia
ra a e sse n .
maesta ac trepida ancipiti metu e t ab cive e t b a
hoste S il i m e rv l m cui ingenium magis p p

u c o n su e , O u
la r e e r at ora r e t ta n ti s c i c u m e t a m t e rro ib s
,
u r v n r u
LI V Y
ex
p r em
e d i re t publicam Tum consul misso e t . s na u
in ticon m p d iton eIbi cu r a es e p t ib o ten

ro . c s a r us s
dit t u l t plebi ; ceterum d l ib t i m de

c on su a u r e e ra o
maxima quidem illa sed t m parte civitatis metum a en
5 pro univer a re publica intervenisse

s Nec posse cum .
hostes p rope ad portas e t bello p e rt i se sse n , ra ve 1
q i u c
q m nec
ua si sit
,
l m t i aliquid
,
aut plebi ax a en ,
h t m esse nisi me r cede p r ius accepta

on e s u ,
rma pro a
patria non p i neque p t ib s sati s decorum per

ce sse , a r u
metum potins quam p t m d voluntate d fli t i os o o a c s
6 i i m snorum f t
c v u is s l i C ti i d i de
or u n con u u sse . on on e n
edicto d d id it fi d m quo d i it e quis i m R

a e ,
e x n c ve o
manum i t m t clausum t v nc u t quo m inus i

an e n e re , c
n ominis d d i apud e l s pote tas fi e t neu

en c on su e s er ,
quis m il it i donec in s,t i esset bona p id t cas r s , o ss e re
7 an t e de v t liberos e p t
n re eius m
, t H n o e sv e o ra re ur . oe
propo ito e d icto e t qui d

s t i p fit i tem a e ra n n ex ro er ex
plo nomina e t d iq e ex tot urbe p ip ie t i m

,
un u a ro r n u
se ex p ri vato cum t i d i ius creditori,

e set
re n en n on s ,
concursus in fo r um t sacramento d i e t fi e ri ,
u c re n , .
8 Mag n a ea manus fuit neque l i m magis in V olsco ,

a o ru
bello vi r tus atque opera it i t C o n sul copias con en u .
tra h t e m d it ; parvo dirime n t e inte r vall o castra

os e uc
ponit .
1
p ra e v e rt i s e Weis s en b or n p ra e u e rt i s s e n :
p e ru e t is s e M
p r a e u e r t i H er tz .
2 9 6
BOO K I I xx v . 1 .
3
—8
the fearful pe rils wit h which it was beset There .
upo the consul adjourned the senate and went

n
be fore the peopl e There he declared that the

.
Fathers were anxious to consult the intere ts o f the s
plebs b u t that their deliberatio n s concern ng that

,
i
very impo rtant part— but only a part a fter ll a
o f the state had been broken ff by their fears fo r o
the entire nation It was impo sible when the enemy

. s ,
was almost at the city gate to conside r anything

s,
be fore the wa r ; and even if there should be some

slight r espite in that rega rd it was neithe r to the
,
credit f the plebs to re fu e to a rm fo r their country

o s ,
unless they should first receive a r ecompense no r ,
honou rable to the Fathers to be driven by fear into

pa ing measures fo r the r elief of their fellow-citizens
ss
which they would have passed later of their ow n

free will H e then confirmed his speech by a p ro
.
clamation in which he commanded that n o on e sh o uld

hold a Roman citizen in chains or du rance so that he
s hould not be able to give in his name to the consuls ,
and that none should seize o r sell a soldie r s pro ’
perty so long as he was in camp o r interfe r e with ,
his child r e n o r his g randchildren W hen this edict .
had bee n published the debtors wh o were present

,
at once enlisted and from every quarte r all ove r

, ,
the C ity they hastened from the h o us e s where th ei r

,
c r editors n o longe r had the right t o detain them ,
and rushed into the Fo r um to take the military oath .
It was a great throng nor were there any oldiers

, s
whose courage and usefulness in t h e Volscian war

were more conspicuous The co n s u l led his troops
.
against the ene m y n d pitched h is camp t a short

,
a a
dista n ce fro m thei rs .

L IV Y
XXV . P roxima
inde nocte Volsci disco rdia Ro ,
mana f e t i si qua noctur n a t n s i t io p d it io v e fi e i

r ,
ra ro r
posset t e m p t t castra S e s e re vigiles e it t

1
,
an . n ,
x c a us
2 e e rc i t
x signo dato o
u s, s m est ad arma ; ita c nc ur u
fr ustra id i c e p t m V l s is fui t ; e l iq m noc t is

n u o c r uu
u t ri m q u e quieti datum P ostero die pr ma luce . i
3 Volsci fo s s is re p l e t i s vallum i du t I m q e ab nva n . a u
omni parte m u i m e n t a v e ll e b t u cum consuln an r, ,
quamqua m c t i d iq e e t mexi ante omnes u t

un c u n u , ,
signu m daret c l m b t e p e ie d i im o s milit m a a an ,

x r n an a
ca u sa p m p e r m o t u s p o t q m satis pp re b t
a ru ra ,
s ua a a a
i ge s a r dor dato tande m ad e

n n ,
m p e d m signo ru n u
4 militem id u m e rt a m i is e m i t t i t
av c P rimo statim n .
i ncu rs pulsi h o stes ; f g ie t ib u s quoad inse gui

u u n ,
pedes p o t i t terga caesa ; eques usque ad castra

u ,
p av id s e i t
g o M ox psa cas
. t ra l e io i b s circum
g i n u
datis cum V l s o inde etia m pa o r e p u l is s e t capta

,
o c s v x ,
5 d ir p t a q e
e P oste r o die ad S u e s s a m P o m e t i m quo
u . a ,
c o f n
g e ut hostes
ra u l e io ib s d c t is
g ,intra p au c o s n u u ,
dies oppidum c p i t u r c p t m p a e d e datum Inde

a ,
a u r a .
6 p au l m e e t s egens miles
u r cr a C onsul cum maxima
u .
gloria sua i t o e m e e rc i t u m Ko mam e d u c it De

v c r x r .
c e d e te m nR m m Ec e t o m 2
a Vo l s c o u m legati ra n o ru r ,
1
flf P F U B O : p o s s i t H R D L A l d
p oss et .
2
R o m a m Ec e t ra n o r u m F ? L w
( i en e c e t t
r tt “
g : om a r
m e c e t ra n o r u m M P H : oma r
m a t ra n o ru m ( c e wr it te n o v er
-a t B : r o m a m c e t ra n o ru m D : ro m a m m e c e t ra n o ru m OH
ro m a m m a et r
c a n o r u m D 2
, Ec e t ra n o ru m C r e v ie r .
2 9 8
LI V Y
A l 'Q
. o
r ebus suis t im t s post P m t i m captam d t en e o e a ,
a eu n .
His ex senatus consulto data pax ager d e m p t s ,

a u .
XX V I C f t im t S abini Romanos t it
. on es e e ; e rr av e r
t multus enim fuit

u i quam bellum Nocte in v er us .
u b m
r e ti t m
nun t exercit m S b i
a u m p ed
es a a nu ra a
bundum ad A i m am em perve isse ; ibi pas im

n en e u n s
2 d i ri
p atquel ncendi villasi M issus t m p l cum . ex e o eo
omnibus p ii q it m A P t m i
co s e u qui dictator
u . os u u s,
bello Latino f t ; t cons l S il i cum

u e ra sec u us u e rv us
3 d el t ec a
p d i t m manu
e P l
u
q e p l t .eques e ro s u a an es
m
c i rc u it nec d
ven ,
i t i p d it m a
g m i i
ven en t i t it e u a n re s
S abina l g i ; fessi cum itinere tum p p l t i

e o o u a on e
nocturna magna pars in ill i repleti cibo i q

,
v s v no u e,
vix fugae quod satis e set vi ri m h b s a a u e re .
4 Nocte una a dito p f t q e bello S abino postero

n er ec o u
d i in magna i m spe
e d iq a
p t paci s legati
un ue ar ae
A i
u ru n c t m d
sen a u t mi d d t a V olsco ag r o
e un , ece a ur
5 bellum i di tn C m l g ti
cen es imu l e it
. u e a s s ex rc us
A m domo p
u r u n c o ru f t erat ; cuius fama haud
ro e c us
p l
ro c u iam ab A i i visi tanto t m lt
r c a i i t u u u c on c v
Romanos t nec u l i ordine pat r e nec p

consu t m s aca u
r e ponsu m arma i f
s t ib arma p n e re n
p i e t e s us i si ca n
6 dare p tosse nA i c i m in festo

.
g m ir e i ta nec a n u r,
BOO K I I xxv . . 6- x x v1 . o
the V olsci o f Ec e t who were alarmed at their ow n

ra ,
pro pects in view o f the capture f P o m e t i

s , A o a .
decree f th e senate granted them peace but t oo k

o ,
away their land .
XX V I Directly a fter this the Sabi e also caused

. n s
an alarm at Rome— fo r it w indeed a turmoil as
rather than war O e night the C ity got word . n
that a S abine a rmy bent on pillage had come as

near as the r iver A nio and w there plundering ,
as
and burning farmhou es right and le ft The Romans s .
at once dispatched in that direction all their cavalry ,
under A ulus P s t m i s who had been dictato r i n

o u u ,
the Latin war H e was follo w ed by th e con sul

.
S e il i s with a picked body o f foot soldier

rv u M any - s .
st ragglers we r e cut ff by the cavalry and whe n o ,
the column of in fantry drew near no re istance was ,

s
o ffered by th e S abine troops Exhau ted not only . s
by thei r march b t by their night f pillage as well

u o ,
a great part of them had gorged themselves in the

farmhouses with food and wine and had scarcely ,
vigou r enough to run away .
A single night having su ffi c ed for hearing f the o
S abine wa r and ending it men s hopes next day ran

’
high that peace was now assured in every quarter ,
when legates from the A c i appeared be fore th e u ru n
senate to say that unless the territory f the V olsci o
were evacuated they should declare war The A u .
run c army had set out from home at the same time
an
with the legates and the report that it had already

,
been een not f r f om A i i threw Rome into such

s a l r c a
a state o f con fu ion that it was impossible to bring

s
the matter regularly be fo r e th e senate or to return ,
a peaceful answer to a peopl e who had already drawn

the sword while they themselves were also arming
, .
They marched o n A ric ia in fighting or der joined ,
301
LI V Y
p ro e n l inde cum A u ru n c i s sig n a c on a ta l p ro e lio q u e

uno d e b e ll t m est a u .
XX V I I F s i A . c is
u victo r tot intra p u o s
s u ru n a c
die bellis Romanus p m is s c s lis fi d e m q sena

s ro a on u ue
tus e s p e t b t cum A ppius e t insita superbia animo

x c a a ,
et t a ll g e vanam f c e e t fi d e m quam asperrime

co e a a r ,
p ot e tra ius de ,
e d it i s
p e u s
cr dice r e D ei e s
p c nn . nc
e t qui ante e i f e n t c e d it o i b s t
x u ra n deb t r et r r u ra an u
2 n e ct eb t r alii an Quod ubi cui militi i c id e t

u . n ra ,
co ll e g m pp e l l b t
a a C oncursu ad S e v i l i m fi e b t ;
a a . s r u a
illi n p m is s i ta b t ; illi e p o b b t sua quis

s ro a ac an x r ra an
que belli me r ita c i t i e s qu e acceptas P o s t l b t ca r c . u a an
u t aut e t ad s e t m aut auxilio e set consul

‘
1
e fe r rr na u ,
s
3 i ib s suis imperato r m il it i b u s
c v u ,
Mo eb t c o s u . v an n
lem haec sed t e giv e s i res c o ge b t ; adeo in alte

,
r r ar a
ram causam n on collega sol um p e c e p s e r at 2 sed ra
om is f t io
n o b il i m
ac Ita medium se g e re d o nec
n u . n
p l e b i s v it i t odium av nec apud pat r es g t i m i ii t ra a n .
4 P atres mollem c o s l e m e t m b i t i o s u m rati plebes

n u a ,
f l l c e m ; b e v i qu e p p
a a r it d e q s s e e u m A ppi
a aru a a ua
5 odium C e r tamen
. o s l ib s i i d e t uter dedi
c n u u nc ra
caret M ercu r i e d e m S enatus a se rem ad populum

a .
re i e c it : utri c or um d e d i c a t i o i s s u populi data esset u ,
1
ant M u d uty au t u t n .
3
p ra e c e p s e a r tg “
p ra e c e p e ra t Q .
LI V Y
cum
p rae e sse mercatorum collegium insti
an n o n a e ,
6 t e e s l l m i pro p
u r ,
o ti fi e i s s i t s
e n a ip e re Fopu on c u u sc .
lus d d i t io e m e d is dat M L e t o io primi pili

e ca n a . a r ,
centurioni quod facile pp e e t n on tam ad hono

,
a ar r
r em eius cui ti ,
l t io fastigio suo data esset
c u ra o a r ,
7 factum quam ad c o s l m ig o m i i m S e ire in d e n u u n n a . a v
utiqu e c s l m alte r p t re s q e ; sed p l ebi cre e

on u u a u v
rant animi e t lo ge alia quam primo i s t i t e t via

,
n n u ra n
8 ss b t D t o enim l m t e
g ra a es ean
p ur . s s e s
q ra con u u na u u
auxilio cum i n i s duci d b it e m id is s e t u d iq e

,
u e or v n ,
n u
con v l b t Neque decretum e u d i i o n s u l is prae

o a an . x a r c
s t e it
r
p et clamo
u r e p ot e t n eque cum d e c e sse t ra ,
r
9 q u is q u a m ob t e m p e ra b a t Vi e b a t u r, m e t u s qu e
. a
g
o m n is e t cum in c o s p e t c o s u l is sin
p e ri c u l u m ,
l
n c u n
guli a pluribus i o l e t u i n e d it o e s a d e b it o ib s
v ar n r, cr r r u
v e t t
r e ra n S upe r haec timor i c e s s it S abini belli ;
. n
d il e c t qu e dec r eto n emo nomen dedit fure te A ppio

u ,
n
et i sectn t e m b it io e m c o ll e g e qui p o p u l ri sile n

an a n a ,
a
tio rem publicam p o d e re t e t ad id quod de c r editar ,
pecunia ius non d i i s s e t d i e e t u t e d il e c t m x ,

a c r n u
quidem ex senatus consulto habe r et : non esse t a m e n
desertam o m i rem publicam neque p o ie t m

n no r c u
c o n su al re imperium se unum e t s e et patrum ,

ua
maiestatis i d i e m fo r e C m c i m s t re t coti
v n c . u rc u a
diana m l t it u d o l ic e t i accensa rrip i unum i s ig

u n a ,
a n
1
pe ri cu lu m M pe ri ul
c um l ib e r t a t i s Q .
M e rc u ry wa s t h e p a tro n of t rad e .
BOO K II . xxv 1 1 .
5
—12
of the corn -supply to es tabli h a guild of m erchant 1 ,

s s,
and per fo rm the solemn rite in the presence f s o
the ponti fex The people a igned the de d ication to

. ss
Marcus L e t o i u s a centu r ion f th e first rank—

a r , o a
choice which would readily be understood as intended

not so much to honour L t i to whom a com ae or u s,
mission had been given which was too exalted f r o
his station in li fe as to humiliate the consuls A ppius

, .
and the Fathers were furious then if they had o t , n
been be fo r e but the plebeians had plucked up heart

and threw th emselves into the struggle with far mo r e
s pirit than they had shown at fir t For despairing s .
,
o f help from consul and enate th ey no sooner b e s s ,
held debtor being haled away tha they flew t o

a n
his assistance from eve ry side I t was impossible .
f orthe consul s dec r ee to be heard above the din

’
and shouting and when it had been prono nced

, u
nobody obeyed it V iolence was the order o f the .
day and fear and danger had quite shifted from the
,
debto r s to th e creditors who were si gled out and , n
maltr eated by large numbers in full sight o f the

consul To crown these troubles came the fear of
.
a S abine i n vasio n A levy was decreed but no one

.
,
enlisted A ppius stormed and railed at the insidious

.
ar t s of his colleague wh o he said to make himsel f , , ,
popu l ar was betraying the state by his inactivi t y

,
and to his r efusal to give j udgment fo debt was r
adding a fresh o ffence in re fusing to hold th e levy

as the senate had directed Nevertheless the welfare .
of the state was not wholly forgotten nor the u , a
t h rit y of the consulate abandoned ; he would him

o
sel f single -handed assert both his own and t h e

, ,
senate s m aj esty W hen the usual daily throng of

’
.
lawless me n was standi n g ab o ut him he gav e orde r s ,

LI V Y
nem du cem Ille cum a l ic t o ib s
s e d it i o n u m i u s s it . r u
iam tr h e et a
p r
c i t ; nec
u r, e s s i s s e t provoca
ro v o av c
t io i consul quia non dubium e r at populi i d i i m

n ,
u c u ,
ni i e g e vieta pertinacia foret consilio magis e t

s a r
au c t o it a t e
r
p ri c i
p m quam populi
n clamo r
u e ; ade o
s pe er
u r t imi ad s s t i e d m i id i m C r esce r e
an an u n n a nv a .
inde ma l um in dies n on l m o ib s modo p e t is c a r u a r
sed quod m u lto p e r i i s iu s erat secessione o c c u l

,
n c o ,
t i s qu e c o lo
q ii s Tandem
n invisi
u pl . ebi c o su l e s n
m gi s t t
a be ra u t S e r il iu s e u t i s A ppius p a t rib u s
a un ,
v n r ,
mire gratus .
XX V I I I A V e gin i s inde e t T Ve t s i s c o s u
. . r u . u u n
latum ineunt Tum vero plebs incerta q l e s habi .

, ua
tura c s l e s esset coetus nocturnos pa r s Es q il iis

on u , , u ,
p rs in A ventino facere e in foro s u b it is t re p id e t

a ,
n ar
2 c o s i l ii s e t omnia teme r e ac fortuito

n g e e t E a rn a r .
r em c o s l e s rati t e r at p e n i io s a m ad patres
n u ,
u ,
r c
d e fe ru t sed delatam c o s l e re o r dine non l i c i t

n ,
n u u
'
adeo tumultuose excepta est c l m i b u s d iq u e e t a or un
i n d ig t i o e pat r um si quod imperio c o s l ri ex

na n , ,
n u a
se e d m esset i
n i d i m eius c o s u l e s ad s env t m a n
q u u , na u
3 re i e e t c r P o fe c t o si e s s e t i n re publica m g s
n . r ,
n a l
t t u s nullum futurum fuisse Romae nisi publicum

ra ,
concilium ; nu n c in mille curias c o n t io e s q e 1 dis n u
1
Af t ti er q t h
c on M S S gi
on e s m li
ue E q il ii e . ve cu a a s u s
a li i a A v ti
n fi ten i l i wh i h W kl i j t
no an con c a, c ec e n e ec s as a
gl os s d i d f m xx viii l
er v e ro . .
3 06
LI V Y
p e rs a m et esse r em publicam
d is s ip a t a m Unum .
he r cule virum — i d enim plus esse quam c o s l e m n u
q u l is A
a
p C laudiu fuerit
. momento t e m pso is discus , r
5 surum i ll o s coetus fui se C e t i c o s l e s cum

p s . o rr n u ,
quid ergo se facere e l l e t nihil enim s e g i u s mol v n ,

n
l i s e quam p t i b s p l
u v t ct a rs
p e u
rc u ct ac e a a u ro , n a
re t n d ece
u r, t ut d il e c t m quam
rn u n c e rim m u a r u
6 h be a t : an o t io lascivire p l e b e m Dim is s o s e n t . a u
c o s l s in tribunal e s e d
n u e t ; citant n ominatim c n un
i uniores C m ad n omen nemo

. u es o de et
p c ir r n r ,
cu mf m l t i t d o in c o t
u sa u i i s modum n ega r e
u
1 ult ra n on
7 d e c i p i p l e b e m pos e ; nunquam unum militem habi s
t s
u ro i p e st n t u r fi d e s publica ; l ib e t t e m uni
ra a re r a
cu i q e prius e d d e d m esse quam arma danda u t

u r n a ,
pro patria c i ib u s q e n o n pro dominis p u g e n tv u ,

n .
8 C o s l e s quid mandatum esset a s e

n u tu id e b t na v an ,
sed corum qui intra pa rietes curiae fe ro c it e loque r
r e tn em i em
ur n adesse i id i e s u e participem ;
n nv a a
9 et pp are b t at o cum aplebe ce

a r r tame n x P rius .
i t q e quam ultima e p e i e t r s e n t u m ite r u m

a u x r r n u ,
a
c on sul r e p l c it e Tum vero ad sellas o s l m

a u . c n u u
propere 2 o o l e e 3 minimus quisque natu patrum

c nv av r ,
a bdicare c s l t m i b e t e s e t d e o e e impe r ium

on u a u
p u n n r
a d quod t d m a n i m us d e e s s e t
u en u .
XXIX Ut q e re satis experta tum d e m u m

. ra u
c o s le s
n u N e p e d i t m e g e t is pat res co n ra c u n ,
g
1r M ney a
g t n
e
pr p r g
: ne
pr p n a re .
2
o e e
'
: o e .
3
c o n v o l a v e re n : c o n u o l a re VIII .
1
(l ) to pe r su ad e th e sen a e t to con t t th
en e p e op l e ; (2 ) to
coe ce r t h e p e ople .
BOO K I I . x x vm .
3 xx 1 x
— . 1
government w s bro k en up into a thousand separate

a B C
. . 49 4
curias and meetings O e single m — more sig . n an a
n ifi t word than
c an o l— o f the type o f A ppius
c nsu
C laudius would have dispe r sed those assemblages in

,
a mo m ent W hen the consuls thus upbraided asked

.
, ,
the Fathers what then they desired them to do and ,
promised that their conduct o f the matter should be

no whit less strenuous and ste m than the sena t e
wi hed it was r esolved that they should hold a levy
s ,
with the utmost seve r ity : it was idleness that made

th e plebeians lawless Having adj ou r ned the enate. s ,
the consuls mounted the tribunal and cited the young

men by name W hen no one answe r ed to his n ame
.
,
the crowd which ur r ounded the speake r as in a

,
s
public meeting declared that it was impossible to

,
deceive the commons any longe r th e consuls w o uld

neve r have a single soldier unless a p blic guarantee u
we r e given : liberty m st first be restored to eve r y u
man befo r e arms were given him that he migh t ,
fight f r his co nt ry and his fellow-citizens not for

o u ,
a maste r It was clear to the consuls what the senate

.
had h id d e them d o ; but o f all those who had

n
uttered t r uculent speeches within the walls of th e

cu ria they found not one at their side to hare thei r s
odium and they saw befo r e them a terr ible struggle

,
t h the people A ccordingly they thought it best

.
,
be fore p r oceeding to extremities to consult the senate ,
a second time W hen it met the youngest se ators

.
,
n
all rushed up in hot haste to the seats o f the con uls s ,
bidding them to abdicate their o ffice and to lay down

a n autho rity which they lacked th e spirit t o suppo rt .
XXIX Having su ffi ciently weighed both the

.
courses open to them th e consuls finally said Lest

1 “
,
you sh o uld say that you had no t be e n wa r ned C o ,

n
LI V Y
adest
s c rip t i, i n ge n s s e d i t io . P o stu lam u s u t 11,
qui ma ime ig x n a v ia m nobis haben

i n c re p a n t , a d s in t
t ib s d il e t m
u A cerrimi
c u . i q e arbit r io quando cu us u ,
2 ita placet rem g e m s ,

R e d e u t in tribunal ;
a u . n
citari nominatim unum ex i is qui i n s ect

p con u
er an t dedita opera inbent C m s t re t ta citus . u a
et circa e m aliquot h m i m e forte violare

u o nu ,
n
tur c s t it i s s e t globu l i t e m ad c m c o s l e s
,
on s, c or u n u
3 m it t un t Quo repulso tum ve r o i d ig u m f c i s

. n n a nu
esse l m it t e qui patrum c s l ib s d e n t de

c a an s on u u a ra ,
4 volant de tribunali t l i c t o i auxilio e s s e t S e d ab

u r n .
l ic t o e nihil aliud quam prende r e p o h i b it o cum

r ,
r ,
conve r sus in patres impetus esset c o s l m inte r ,

n u u
cursu rixa sedata est in qua tame m sine lapide ine , ,

s
telo plus c l m o is atque i a r m quam i i i e f e r t ra ru n ur a u a .
5 S enatus tumultuose o t u s t m l t u o s i s c o s l it
v ca u u u n u u r,
q u ae s t i em on
p st u l t i b s so qui pulsati
an f e u t il u ra n ,
d e e e t e ferocissimo quoque non s e t e n t ii s magis

c rn n n
6 quam clamo r e e t s t re p it u Tandem cum i rae r ese .
dissent e p ro b t ib u s c o s l ib s n ihil o plus sani

,
x ra n n u u
tatis in curia quam i n foro esse ordine c o s l i , n u
7 c o e it
p .T r es fuere sententiae P V e
g i i s rem . . r n u
non v ol g b t ; de 5 tantum qui fi d e m s e c u t i P S e r

a a 11 .
vili o s l is V olsco A
c n u o S bi o , q e militassent
u ru n c ,
a n u
8 bell o agendu m c e s e b t T L g i u s n on id tempus

,
n a . . ar
e sse u t me r it a t a t u m m o d o e s o l v e re n t u r ;
n t o ta m x
LI V Y
p l eb em aere alieno e e nec sisti poss e n i
d em e rs a m ss ,
omnibus c o s l t ; quin si alia l i m sit con

n u a ur ,
a o ru
9 di i c o, accendi magis d is o d i m quam sedari A p c r a . .
C laudius e t natu r a immitis e t e ffe t s h i c p l e b is

,
ra u n
odio ill i c pat r um l u d ib u s non m is e r s ait sed

n a , n
l i e t i tantum
c n a n c i t m turbar m e t lascivire magis
co u a ,
1 0 p l e b e m quam s i e Id adeo malum ex p ro voca

aev r .
tione t m ; quippe minas esse c o s l u m n on im

na u n u ,
p e i m
r u ubi ad eos qui una p e c e i t p r ovoca r e c av r n
l l li e t
c a A ge d m
.
i q it d ic t t o re m a quo p r o
u ,
n u ,
a ,
v o c t i o non e t
a re e m u s iam hic quo nunc om n ia
s ,
c
1 2 ardent t i e s c e t fu r or
c on c P l s e t tum mihi l i c t o e m . u r
qui s i e t ius de terg o it q e sua penes unum i l l m

c v a u u
esse cuius m i e s t a t e m iol it a

1
v ar .
”
XXX M ultis u t e r at horrida e t t ro x v id e b t r

.
, ,
a a u
A ppi sententia ; ru s u s V ergini L gi q e exemplo r ar u
haud salubres utiqu e Largi quae t t m fi d e m tolle

,
2
,
o a
ret M edium maxime e t m o d e t m t q e co n

.
ra u u ro u
2 Sil i m V ergini h b e b t u ; sed f t i o e

u a e
p t a
q e r ac n r s ec u u
rer m p ri t m quae semper o ffe e e o ffi i e t q e

u va a ru ,
c r c n u
p u b l i i s o s il ii s
c cA ppius
n i it ac prope fuit t d i
,
v c , u e
3 tator ille idem e etu ; quae r es utique l i e

cr ar sse t
r a na
l eb em pe i l s is i m o tempore
r cu o cum V olsci A equi
s
p ,
1
i l it
v Eo ar
- i l it Q
g
z u o au
g .
Largi 0 h b i wh i h G bh d ’
2
Af t er p t t t t m
a ve u a an sen en a , c e ar
d el e tes .
I 2
3
BOO K I I xx x . 1 . 8— xxx .
3
the whole commons w ubmerged i debt and as s n ,
the situation could not be r emedied unless provi ion s
were made f ll ; indeed if some were treated in

or a ,
one way and ome in another it would heighten the

s ,
discontent in tead f allaying it A ppius C la dius

s o . u ,
naturally har h and rendered savage by the hatred

s ,
of the plebs on th e one hand and the praises of the

Fathers on the other said that it w not mi e ry but
,
as s
licence that had stirred up o great a hubbub and s ,
that wantonness was what ailed the pleb rather than s
anger That was precisely the mischie f which the

.
appeal occasioned ; f the cons ls might th r eaten or u
but could not command when those who had shared ,
in the guilt might be constituted th e court of appeal .
C ome “
said h e let us appoint a dicta tor from
”
, , ,
whom there is n o appeal A t o nce this frenzy which .
has now set eve rything ablaze will be stilled Let .
anybody strike a lictor then knowing that the right ,
to scou rge and behead him rests wi th that one man

whose maj esty he has violated !
XXX M any felt a n d with reason that the pro
.
, ,
posal of A pp i us was ste m and cruel ; o n the o the r

hand tho e o f Ve gi i s and L gi s were inexpedient
s r n u ar u
because of the precedent ; particularly that f L gi s o ar u ,
since it de troyed ll credit The most reasonable

s a .
a d moderate plan in its regard f

n both sides was
,
or ,
held t o be that of V e rg i i s But owing to pa r ty n u .
spirit and consideratio n f r private interests thing s o ,
which have always been hu rtful to public delibera

tions d always will be A ppius prevailed and came
an , ,
ve ry near to being him el f appointed dictator a step s ,
which would infallibly have estranged the commons ,
an d that at a most dangerous moment since the ,
Volsci the A equi and the S abines were all as it

, , ,
LI V Y
4 que et S abini forte
una omnes i n armis e s s e t S e d n .
c e f it
u ra o s l ib s e t s e i o ib
u c n s patrum u t magis
u u n r u ,
1 imperio suo
t t s
ra u e h m e s man ueto e m i t t v e n s
p e r
e t r ingenio M V l i m d i t t e m V l e s i fil i m
’
5 r u . . a er u c a or o u
creant P l ebes etsi adversus s e e t m d i t t e m

. cr a u c a or
v id e b t t m e a cum p o o t io e m fr t is l ege habe

,
a n r v ca n a r
ret nihil ex ea familia tri te nec superbum t im e b t

,
s a .
6 Edictum d e i d e a d i c t t e propositum c o fi rm v it
n a or n a
an im o s S e r vili fere s l is edicto conveniens ; sed con u
e t h o m i i e t p o t e s t t i melius r ati credi omisso certa

n a
7 mine nomina dedere Q a t u s nunquam ante e e . u n x r
c it s u legiones decem e ffe c t e ; t e n e i n de datae

,
a r a
c s l ib
on su
q attu u dictato
,
r usus
u or .
Nec iam p o t e t bellum d iffe r i A equi Latinum ra r .
m i v se t O t o e s Latinorum ab s e
a ra n tu ra r
a
g ru n . na
p et b e t t aut
an m i t t e re t
u subsidium aut se ipsos n
9 t e do
u n m fi i m causa cape r e arma s i e re n t
ru n u Tu n .
tius visum est de fendi ine rmes Latinos quam pati

re t c t re arma
ra a V e t u s i u s c o nsul missus est ; is fi is
. n
O l t i o ib
u a s fuit C
n e s s e re A equi campis l o c
u e o u
p p q .
magis quam armis fre t i s m m is se i gis m t i m u u on u
t t b
u a tu A lte r c o nsul in V o l s c o s p o fe c t s
an r . e et r u ,
n
ipse t e e re t te m pus v s t a d is maxime agris h o s t e m

r ,
a n
m g i tr t 1
w i a t d by H
s w ga us a s n s er e eer a en .
1
T ht a is t o y , i n ge n e a l ; f o m a d
sa r r ittr hwvr
c a o ,
o e e ,
th re e wa s no a u ti
p p e a l n l a la e p e o d t r ri .
LI V Y
ad c o n fe r e n castra d im i d m q e acie
d a p rOp iu s c an u u
e i it
x c v M edio inter castra campo ante suum quis
.
que vallum i fe s t is s ig is n s t it e e M ultitudine

n con r .
a l iq t m V olsci s p e
u an u b t ; i t q e e ffusi e t con
u ra an a u
t e m p t i m pugnam i i e re C onsul Romanus e pro

n . n c
m o it v c ie m a nec c l m o e m reddi passus d e fi is pilis

a r x
stare suos i s s it : ubi ad manum e is s e t hostis tum

u v n ,
c oor ot s 1
tota vi gl d ii s rem gerere Vo l s m cu r su e t
a .
clamore fessi cum se v e l t s t p e t ib s metu i t l is u u n u n u
sent Romanis p o s t q m impressionem s e s e e ex

,
ua n r
a dverso f t m e t ante o c l s m i re gl d i s haud

ac a u o ca a o ,
secus quam si i insidias i id is s e t turbati e t t

2
n nc n ,
v r un
terga ; e t e ad f g m quidem satis i i m fuit quia

n u a v r u ,
cursu in p o e l i m i e t Romani contra quia pri n

r u ra n .
,
ci i
p p
o
g e u quieti
na st e t e r t vigentes c
p ib s an ,
or or u ,
facile adepti fe s s o s e t castra impetu c e p e t e t ru n
c s t is e
a r t u m h o s t e m V e l i t s p e rs e c t i uno gm i e
x u ra u a n
v i c t o re s cum victis in b e m i u p e e ; p l s q e ibi

ur nr r u u
sanguinis promiscua omnium g e e m e d e quam n ru ca
in ipsa d i m i t i e factum P aucis data venia qui

ca on .
,
ine rmes in d e d it io e m e e t n v n ru n .
XXXI D m haec in V o l s is g e t
. u dictator c ru n u r,
S abinos ubi longe p l u im m belli f e t f d it

,
r u u ra ,
un
2 e u it q e
x
3
u s t is Eq it t u i m m i s s o mediam turba
ca r . u a
c o o rt o s V?: c o h o rt o s ( or -e s ) 0 .
qu am s i in g '
: q uam M : q u am s i 0 .
3
ex u itqu e Wa lter s : fu ga t q u e e x u it a : fu ga q u e e x u it
qu e M .
BO OK I I xxx . . ro —x x x r . 2
enemy, chie fly by ravaging their lands to bring their ,
camp n earer and do battle with him In the plain .
b etween the camps the two armies formed their

line each in front f its own stockade
s, In numbers o .
th e V olsci were omewhat uperior and accordingly

s s ,
t hey came on in a loose and careless o r der The .
Roman consul did not advance nor did he allow a ,
response to th e enemy s shout He c ommanded h i ’
. s
men to plan t thei r spears in the ground and stand

still until t h e enemy had come to close quarters ;
then they were to assail them with all th eir might ,
a d settl e the que tion with the sword

n Th e V olsci
s .
,
weary with running and shouting hurled themselves ,
upon the Roman who seemed to be numb with fea r s, .
B t wh en the attackers found that their charge was

u
firmly met and saw the swords fl ash in their faces ,
t hey we r e no whit less confounded than if they had

fallen into an ambush and turned and fl ed ; and eve n ,
flight was beyond their strength since they had been ,
running as they ente red the battle The Romans on .
the cont rary having st oo d at ease at the begin

,
ning of the fight were fr esh d strong ; they ,

an
r eadily caught up with th e exhausted Volsci and ,
having taken their camp with a rush pur ued thei r ,

s
enemies beyond it to Ve l it r e where vanq ished and a ,

u
victo r s burst into the city in one body M o re blood .
was she d the r e in th e p romiscuous slaughte r o f ll

,
a
so rts of people tha n had been in the battle itsel f

, .
A very few we r e gra n ted qua rte r having come with ,
out arm s d given themselves upan .
XXXI W hile these things were go i g o n in the

. n
V olscian country the dictator put to rout the S abines

,
— b
y far Rome s m o st importan t enemy — and cap
’
t re d thei r camp
u A ttacking with his cav al ry he
. ,
V OL . l 0
LI VY
verat h o s t iu m a c ie m , quam ,
1
dum se c o rn ua lati n s
p an parum
d u n t, apte i t s m o d i n ib u s fi rm v e n ro r u r
2 a
rant ; t b t o s pede i s it Eo d e m impetu castra

ur a s nva .
3 capta d e b e l l t m qu e est P ost pugnam ad R e gil l m

a u . u
lac m n on alia illis annis pugna c l io fuit Dicta to r

u ar r .
t i m ph a s u b e m i
r u n e h it S uper
r l i t o s ho n o r es
nv ur . so
locus in ci r co ipsi p s t e i qu e ad s p e c t c l m d t s o r s a u u a u ,
4 ella in e
s loco ol is posita V o l s is d e i t i s V eli
c u ru . c v c
te u s age r
rn d e m p t s ; V e l it r s coloni ab urbe missi
a u a
e t colonia d e d c t C m A equi post l i q

u a . t o pug
u s a u an
matum est invito quidem o su l e quia loco iniquo c n ,
su b e d u m erat ad hostes ; sed milites e t r h i r em

un x a
im i t s t dictator p i s q m ipsi redire n t in

‘
cr n an e u ,
r u ua
urb e m m gi t r t b i r t i i t q e s i t ante con

a s a u a e ,
nr a u ,
cu
sul is p ro m i s s a eius
,
d e e t p e rp u l e e t forte ca r n ,
r u
temere in adversos montes agmen e ige re t Id male r .
commissum ignavia h o t i m in bonum e rt it qui s u v ,
p i q
r us m ad ua i e t m teli e i etuc on ob st c
p e f
u cti v n r r, u a
audacia Ro m o m e l i t is c s t ris quae m i t is s im is

an ru r c a , un
te ue n t locis
ra n in a e s a s
3
valles d,
e s i l e e Ibi
v 4 r u r .
satis p e d e e t ictoria inc r uenta fuit

ra a V .
7 Ita t if i m r e bello bene gesta de d m e s t i u m

r ar a , o car
rerum e e t u n ec p t ib u s nec plebi cu r a deces

v n a r
q m D qui OH q a
ua ? : a : ua .
o rd i n i b u s Gr o n o v : o r d i n i b u s a c i e m a
. .
3
a v e rs a s T a n F a b e r : a d u e rs a s Q
. I b i g-z . ub i 0 .
1
T h t th i
a s ap p ar tl y u i q u d i ti ti
en n e s nc on wa s t
a c u a ll y
c o n fe rr d t h
e on e V l i i i c nfi r m d b y
a er s h o e an on o a r ry i n s c r ip
ti on i .
LI V Y
scrat ; tanta cum gratia tum arte p e p e t ra a ra v ra n
f e e t o e s quae non modo p l e b e m sed ipsum etiam

a n ra r
8 di t t
c a em f s t re t
or N m q e V alerius post
ru ra n ur . a u
V e t s i c o s l is re d i t m omnium c t io
u n u m in s e
u t 1 a nu na u
prim m habuit p r o i c t o e populo e t t l it q e quid

a v r ,
r u u
9 d e nexis fi e ri p l c e e t Quae cum re i e c t re l t i

a r . a a o
esset “ Non placco i q it “ c o c o d i e auctor ; n u n r a

, , ,
O t b it is
p a m e d i s fid i s
, p p e d ie m u t mei u similes
,
ro u
Rom na plebes pat ronos h b e t Quod ad me atti

a a a .
net neque f s t b o ultra cives me o s neque ipse

,
ru ra r
1 0 frustra dictator ero Dis o d i e i t e s t i e bellum

. c r a n na ,
externum fe e re u t 1 00 m gis t t e g e e t res pub

c 1 a ra u r
lica pax foris parta est domi im p e d it ; p i t s

: , ur r va u
potins quam dictator s e d it i i i t e e o Ita curia on n r r .
ll e
g er ssu s d i t t se b d i
c c iat A
u ra
pp i t causa a av . a ru
plebi suam i c e m i d ig t e m m gis t r t abisse

,
v n n an a a u .
It q e v e l t p e s o l t fi d e quoniam per e u m non

a u u r u a ,
s t t i s s e t quin p
e est e t r d e c e d e t e m d om u m c u m
ra ar u ,
n
favore ac l d ib s p o s e c u t i su n t au u r .
XXXI I Timor inde patres i e s s it n e si d im is s s

. nc
, u
e x e rc i t s fo r et u s u s c o etus occulti c o iu
,
ru r t io e s q e n ra n u
fie e t It a q e quamquam per d i c t t o re m dilect s

‘
r n . u ,
a a
habitus esset t m e quoniam in c o s l m verba ,

a n, n u u
i s s e t sacramento teneri militem r ati pe r causam

u ra n , ,
1
in se n atu
-
F Ug z i n
3
se nn u t m 0 .
BOO K 1] xxx 1 .
7
— xxx 1 1 . 1
a ffairs at h o me s o g r eat was the artfulness as well

, ,
B C
. . 49 4
as in fluence with which th e money-lenders had laid

,
their plans to b tfi e not only the commo s but evena n
the d ictator himsel f Fo r after the r eturn o f th e .
con ul V e t u s i s the first bu iness which Valerius

s u , s
brought be fore the senate was in behalf of the vic

to i
r ou s people that the senate might declare its
,
policy regarding the treatme n t of those bou n d ove r

fo debt
r This r esolution havin g failed to pass the
.
,
d ictator said : “ I do not please you in u rging

harmony You will soo n wish I warrant you that
.
, ,
the Roman plebs had men like me f r their spokes o
me n For my own part I will n ot be the means of

.
furthe r disappointing my fello w citizen nor will s,
I be dictato r to no purpose Internal tri fe and . s
foreign wa r made this o ffice nece sary to the nation ; s
peace has been secured abroad but at home it is ,
bei n g thwa rted ; I will play my part as a private

citizen r ather than as a dictator when the mutiny ,
breaks out S saying he left the C uria and

. o
laid down his o ffice It was evide n t to the people .
that resentment f thei r w r o gs had caused him to o n
resign the magistracy A d so as though he had . n ,
kept h i ple d ge ( fo r it had not been h i fault that it

s s
was not being carried out) they attended him as h e ,
r etired to his house with mani festations o f favour and

approval .
XXXI I The r eupo n the senators became alarmed

.
,
fearing that i f the army should be disbanded the r e

would again be sec r et gatherings and conspiracies .
A d so although the l evy had bee n held by orde r o f

n ,
the dictato r yet because the men had been sworn in

,
by the consuls they rega rded the tr 0ps as bound by 0
thei r o ath and under the p r etext that the A equi

, ,
3 2 1
LI V Y
re n ovati ab A equi belli educi ex urbe legiones s
2 i sse e
u r Qu o fact o maturata est s e d i t io Et primo
. .
a
g i t t a m u d i i t de o su l m
c ur e d e u t s o l c
e e t r n u ca ,
v r n u
sacramento doctos d i d e mullam e l e re e l igio e m e n sc r n
e s olv i
x S i i io q o d m
,
c n c t o e iniussu c u s l m in
a au r on u u
S acrum montem s e e s s i s s e — trans A i e e m am em c n n u
3 est tria ab urbe milia p s s m ; ea f e q e t io r fama

,
a uu r u n
est quam cuius P iso auctor s t in A e t i m s e e s

,
e ,
v n nu c
4 s io e m n f c t m esse ; ibi sine ullo duce vallo fo s

a a —
saque c o m m u it is c s t is quieti rem mullam nisi

n a r ,
n e ess c i m ad v i t m s u m e d o per aliquot dies

ar a c u n ,
5 neque l e s s it i neque l c e s s e t e s sese ten cre P avor

ac a n a .
i g e s in urbe metuque mutuo suspensa e r

n n , t om an
n ia Timere e l i t ab suis plebes io l e t i m p

. r c a v n a a
trum ; timere patres residem in u rbe p l e b e m incerti ,
6 manere ea an abire m ll e t Q m d i autem tran

rn a n . ua u
q ui l l ma quae se e se i t m u l t i t u d i ecm fosr e ? Quid

r n
futurum d e i d e si quod externum inter m bell um

n ,
i
7 e s is t t ?
x a N l l m p o fe c t o nisi in concordia i i m
u a r c v u
s em eli m d e e ; eam pe r a c qua per iniqua

p q r ua uc r
8 re c o n c il i d m i i t t i esse
an a P l c i t i gitur o t e m
c v a . a u ra or
ad p l b e m mitti M e e i u m A g ip p m f c d m
e n n r a ,
a un u
v i r um e t quod inde oriund s erat plebi ca rum Is

,
a , .
i t ro m i s s in castra prisco ill o d i c

n s u d i e t horrido en
9 modo nihil ali d quam hoc narrasse fe t u tempore r ur :
1
L ivy ap p ea r s to h v a e h a d th e t h r tr d iti i m i d
o e a on n n
wh en wr t
he li 9 o e I II . v . .
If M i w pl b i it i i m p r b b l th t h w
2
enen u s as a e e an , s o a e a e as
a lso as L ivy r th r i m p l i a e es, a sena t r f i 11 d n t

o . c . . an o e.
LI VY
quo in homine non t nunc omnia in unum c n s e ,
u , o n
ti ant sed s i g l i s membris suum

,
n i q e con ilium
u cu u s
suus sermo fuerit i d ig t s e l iq partes sua cura

,
n na a r uas
suo labore ac ministerio vent ri omnia q e i ven ua r ,
trem in medio quiet a m nihil aliud quam datis o l p v u
t t i b s frui ; conspirasse i n de
a u e manus ad 0 3 cibum n
ferrent nec os c i p e e t datum nec dentes quae

,
a c r ,
a c ip e e t c
c fic e e t
r n Hac ira dum ventrem fame
on r n .
1
domare v e ll e t ipsa una memb r a t o t u m qu corpus

n , e
ad extremam t a b e m venisse I de p p a r is s e ven . n a u
tris quoque haud segne ministerium esse nec magis ,
a l i quam alere c u m e dd e tem in o m is co rp o ris ,

r n n
partes hune quo iv im s ige m s q e d i is u m pa rite r

v u v u u ,
v
in venas maturum c o fe t o cibo sanguinem C m

,
n c . o
para do h i c quam intesti a corporis s e d it io similis

n n n
esset irae p l e b is i n patres fle i s s e mentes h m i m ,

x o nu .
XXXII I A gi d e in d e de concordia e p t u m conces

. co
s m q u e in c on dicio n es u t plebi sui magistratus e s s e t

u n
s s
a c ro cti quibus u il ii l t io adversus c o s u l e s
an ,
a x a n
esset neve cui pat rum capere c m m gis t r t u m lice

,
u a a
r et Ita tribuni plebei c r eati duo C Licinius e t

.
, .
L A lbinus I i t r es c o ll e g s sibi c e e ru n t In his

.
2
. a r av .
q 11 a e a c c ip e re n t c o n fi c e r e n t Wa l ter s
1
a c c ip e r e n t qu e .
c o n fi c e re n t 0 : a c c i p e r e n t q u e c o n fi c e r e n t a : c o n fi e e re n t
P F B D U ( wh i c h l a s t h a s n a f or n e c )
S
.
2
I i C o n wa y a n d Wa l t er s : 0 : UOH h ii hi .
1
The s a m e a o l o gu e
p i s fo u n d i n X e n o p h on , M em . II . iii . 18 ;
C i r
ce o, Of 111 . v . 22 ; a n d S t P a l , C or . u . I . x ii . 12 .
324
BOO K II . x x x n .
—x
g x x m . 2
style of that age In the d ays when man s members ’
49 4
did not all agree amongst themselve is now the s, a s
case but had each i t own idea and a voice o f its

,
s s
own the other pa rts though t it un fair that they

,
should have th e worry and th e trouble and the

labour f providing everything f the belly while
o or ,
the belly remained quietly in th eir midst with no

thing to do but to enj oy the good things which they
bestowed upon it they there fore conspired togethe r
that the hands should carry no food to the mouth ,
nor the mouth accept a ything that was given it

n ,
nor the teeth grind up what they received W hile .
they sought in this angry pirit to sta rve the belly

s
into submission the members themselves and the

,
whole body were reduced to the utmo t weakne s s s .
H ence it had become clea r that even th e belly had

no idle task to per fo rm a n d w s no more nourished
,
a
than it nourished the rest by giving out to all part

,
s
o f the body that by which we l ive and thrive when ,
it h been divided equally amongst the veins and

as
is enriched with digested food — that is the blood ,

.
Drawi g a parallel fr om this to show how like was

n
the internal di ension o f the bo d ily members to th e

ss
anger o f th e plebs against th e Father he prevailed s,
upon the minds f his hearers XXXI I I S teps

o
1
. . 493
we r e the n taken towards harmony and a compro ,
mise was e ffected on these terms : the plebeians

we r e to have magistrates f their own who should
o ,
be inviolable and i them should lie the right to

,
n
aid the peopl e against the consuls no r hould any , s
senato r be permitted to take this magistracy A d . n
so they chose two

“ tribunes of th e peopl e G aius ,
Licinius a n d Luci s A lbinus These appointed three

u .
othe r s t o be thei r c o lleagues A m o gst the latte r . n ,

LI VY
Si c in i u m fuisse , de d o b s qui
s e d i t io n i s a u c t o re m : u u ,
3 f i t minus c
uer n , e it S un t qui duos tantum in
on v n .
S acro monte e tos trib nos esse d i t i b iq e

cr a u c an u
s c
a t m legem latam
ra a .
P e s e c e s si
r em
p l e b is S
on
p C assius et P ostumus 1
.
4 C m i i s o s l t m i ie s cum
2
o n u c n u ta Ii u o s u l ib n ru n . s c n u
Latinis p p lis i t m fo e d s A d id f i d m con

o u c u u . er en u
sul alter Romae m it : alte r ad V l m bellum an s o scu
missus A t i t V l o s f d it f g t q e o m p l s o s
n a es o sc un u a u ,
c u
in oppidu m L g l m p on t u s m e ib s p t it
u a e rs e c u o n u o ur .
5 I de p o t i
n s r P l s
nu m item Vo l s3o u m ca cepit ; ,
c o ru ,
tum magna vi d o t s est C o io l o s Erat tum in a r u r .
c s t is inte r primore m C M arcius adules 4

a r i e s u v n u n .
,
cens e t consilio e t manu p m p t s cui cognomen ro u ,
6 postea C oriolano fuit C m subito e it m R. u x e rc u o
manum C o i l s b s i d e t e m atque in p p i d o s quos

r o o o n o an ,
intus l s s h b e b t i t e t m sine ullo metu ex

c au o a a ,
n n u
t i se c s im m i
r n u t i s belli V o l s c
n en legiones p fe t e ae ro c a
ab A ntio i s is e t e o d m q e tempore ex ppido

nva s n , e u O
7 e i s e t hostes forte in
s n t t i M arcius f uit I s a on e s
p
ru ,
.
cum d e l e t m i l it m manu non modo i m p e t m erum

c a u u
pentium e t t d i t sed pe r patentem portam ferox

r u ,
5
e in proxima parte urbis acta

6
i p
n ru i t c ed , q a e u f i g
7 i m m i e t i b s muro
8 nem temere e
p t m a rr u e d i fi iis n n u a c
P t m
1
os S ig i
u us P t mi a
on u s : os u us .
ii M P F B O h i R DL
2
s h ii UH g
: s : s
'
.
p
3
t iro P l nu s m it m C l
o u s caw i ( f ,
xxx i x 3 ) e z er u s c . 11 . .
t
rom usm 11 1 ) -
m u s m it m ( P ) mu s ca m it m n e or u ca e
p .
O 4
M r i
n .
g a 16 m rti
c us M ( 25 ) m i Q a us : c or a rc us .
5
t t d it D
re u t d it ( t d it
re rut l it ) Q o r re u o r re u .
p rt p p li d b y H J M ull
6
a e su e . . er .
7 a rre p t u m ed . A ld . : a b re
p t u m Q .
LI VY
in i e c it lamor inde p p id ru m m i t s muliebri

. C o an o x u
p e il i u e
u r
q p l o t ad terrorem ra t usolet primum ,
u ,
orto e t Romanis
1
it im m e t t b it V l s
au x an u ur av o c os,
u t p t e capta urbe cui

o ad fe e d m p e m venerant 2
r n a o .
9 Ita fusi V olsci A t i t e s C o i o l i O ppidum n

p t rn ;
a ,
r ca u
t t mq e
an u laude b s t it it f m e
u su a s l i s M a r cius
o a a c on u
u t nisi f e d s cum Latinis i

,
o u
3
columna ae ea i n n n
s l p t m monument o esset ab Sp C assio

cu u
q i , . u n o, u a
collega f e t i t m P s t m m C o m in i m bellum
a u ra ,
“ c u ,
o u u u
e s s i s e cum Vo l s i s memoria c e s s i s s e t
s c
g .
10 E d e m anno A grippa M e e i s moritu r vir omni

o n n u ,
in vita pariter p t ib u s ac plebi carus post s e e s s i

5 a r ,
c o
1 1 n em c i plebi factus H uic interp r e t i b it o q e

ar or . ar r u
c on c o di e r i i m legato patrum ad p l e b e m redu e

a c v u , ,
tori p l e b i s Ro m e in b e m s m p t s fu n eri d e f it ;
an a ur , u u u
e t x l it c
u m plebs sue t t i b s
6 co l
t i s in capita x an u n a .
XXXI V C o s l e s d e i d e T G e g iu s P M in
. n u n . an . u
cius facti E0 ann o cum e t foris quieta omnia a

.
,
h e ll o e s s e n t e t domi sanata discordia aliud multo ,
2 gravi n s malum i it t e m i s it car itas primum

c v a nva ,
an n o e ex i l t is pe r s e c e s s io e m p l e b i s agris
na ncu n ,
3 fames d e in d e q u l is l s is solet
,
V e t m q e ad
a c au . n u u
i t e i t m s e r it i o
n r u m utiqu e e t p l e b i s esset
v ru i con ,
n
sules p id is s e t d im is s is pa sim ad frumentum

ro v n s co
p ri m m rt 1
M d i g p ri m u tu 0 o o a v o or .
i g q i Q
2 “
cu : u .
3
in s up p lied b y H . J M id l er
. .
1
‘
P ostu m u m “
g : P o s t u m iu m 0 .
5
om n i i v itn a g
-z o m n iu m u a it Q .
6
sex t a n t ib u s c : ex t a n t ib u s a .
BOO K I I . x x x m . 8- xxx 1v .
3
overhu g the wall The eupon the townspeopl e

n . r
rai ed a shout mingled with uch a wailing f women

s ,
s o
and children as is generally heard at the first alarm .
This brought new courage to the Romans and covered

the Vol ci with con fu ion— as w natural when th e
s s as
city which they had come to relieve was t ken Thus a .
the men f A t i m were routed and C i l i was won

o n u ,
or o .
S compl etely did the glory f M arciu ove r shadow

o o s
the co sul s fame that were it t f the r ecord on

n
’
, ,
no or
a bronze column f the treaty with th e Latins which

o
was struck by S purius C assius alone in the ab ence ,

s
o f his co l league men would have forgotten that

,
P ostumus C o m i i s had waged war on the V olsci

n u .
That same year saw the death of A grippa M e n e n i s u ,
a man who th r ough o ut h i life had bee n equ a lly b e s
loved by patricia n s and plebeians and who a fter t h e ,
secession was even dea r er to the common s Thi s .
mediator and umpire o f civil har mony this ambas ,
sado r o f the senators to th e people this restorer of ,
th e plebs to Rome did not leave u ffi cient wealth to

,
s
pay f r a funeral H e was buried by th e commons

o .
,
who contributed a t each to the cost

s ex a ns
1
.
XXXI V The co suls next chosen were Titus G e

. n
g mins and P ublius M i u i s This yea r though

a n c u .
,
there was no war to occasion trouble from without

and the breach at home had been h ealed anoth er ,
and a much more seriou mi fort ne be fell th e nation ; s s u
for first the price f corn went up from men s failure

o ,
'
to cultivate the fields during the withdrawal f the o
plebs ; and this was fol lowed by a famine such as ,
comes t o a bel eaguered city It would have meant .
sta rvation for the slaves at least and the plebeians , , ,
h d n ot the c o nsuls met th e situation by sending

a
1
A t
s ex w th
a ns ix t h p rt f
as e s p d f pp r a o a n a s, or ou n o co e .
3 9 2
LI V Y
e m en dum n on in modo d e t is ab Ostia
Et ru ria m x r
l it o i b s l e
r
q
u e per V
a o l s o s mari usque ad C umas
vo u c
,
sed quaesitum in S icilia 1 quoque adeo fi it im o u m n r
odia l gi q is o e ge r t i d ige re
on n u c il iis Fru an n au x .
mentu m C umi cum o m p t m esset naves pro bonis s c e u ,
T q i i m ab A ristodemo tyranno qui h eres e rat

ar u n o ru , ,
ret ent e sunt ; i a V l s is P m p t i o q e n e emi qui

o c o n u n
dem p t it pericul um quoque ab impetu h o m i m

o u nu
5 i p i s f m e t t o ib s fuit ;
s ru n ex T s is frumentum
a r u u c
Tiberi venit ; e o s s t e t t est plebs Incommodo u n a a .
bello in tam artis c o m m t ib s v e t i forent mi ea u x a ,
V o l s o s iam moventes arma p e s t il e t ia i g e s inva

c n n n
6 i se t
s s E clade c o t e i t is h o s t i m animis u t e tiam
. a n rr u ,
ubi ea re m is is s e t terrore l iq o t e e e t u e t Veli a u n r n r,
tris e e
au x me m r o l o o r m Romani e t N orh am
nu ru c
2 n u ,
in montis movam c o l o i m quae arx in P m p t i n a o no
esset m is t e ru n .
7 M Mi . i d e i d e e t A S empronio c o n s l ib u s
nuc o n . u
m agna vis frumenti ex S icilia d t g i t t m q ue a vec a, a a u
8 in s e t u quanti plebi d
na et M ulti venisse tem ar ur .
pus p e m e d e p l e b is p t b t e c p e d iq e iura
r n a u a an r u ra n u
9 quae e t o t seces ione ac vi p t ib s e s s e t In

x r a s a r u n .
primis M a r cius C oriolanus hostis t i b i i e potes ,

r un c a
tatis S i “ m i q it
an n on a
“ ete em olu t ius n u v r v n
, , , ,
p i
r st i m edd
nu t p t i
r b s C u ego
an
p l e b e i o s magis
a r u . r
trat s cu r S ic i i m potentem video sub iu gu m mis

a ,
n u
q it m i S i il i F B O q it m in i il i m Q i
1 u aes u n c a : u ae s u s c a : n
S i il i m C
c a i r e v er .
2
N rh m D k o a b ( -b ) 0
u er n or ae or e .
LI V Y
10 sus , et
1
tamquam ab l a t ro n i b u s re d e m
p t us ? Eg o n e
has i n d ig n it a t e s d iu t i u s patiar quam necesse est ?
T a rq u in i u m regem qui o t u l e im S i c i i m fe m ? n n r n u ra
S e c e d t nunc avocet p l e b e m ; patet via in S acrum

a ,
montem l io s qu e colles R p i t f m e t a ex agris

a . a an ru n
n o s t ri s qu em ad m odum tertio ann o r u e re ; fru

, p a an
l l tu r an ona quam furore suo fe c e re A n de o dicere

n .
hoc malo d m it o ipsos p o t iu s culto r es gro ru m fo r e

o s a
quam u t armati per s e c e s s io e m coli p o h ib e n t n r a .
1 2 H aud tam facil e dictu est f i d m e fue r it quam ac e n u n
t
o u i sse b i t fi e i
ar t co di iro ri b s l r n d i annou n c on u ax a
p
nam e t t ib i i m potestatem e t omnia i v it is iu r a
r un c a n
i m p o s it patres d e m e re t sibi
a n .
XXX V Et s e t i nimis a t ro x visa se n tentia

. na u
est e t p l e b e m ira prope rm it : fame se iam

,
a av
si e ut h o tes pe ti cibo ic t q e f u d i pe r e
s ,
v u u ra ar
g i
r nu m f r u mentum quae sola alimenta , ex i n
sperato fortuna d e d e rit ab o r e rapi nisi C , ,

n .
M arcio vin ti d e d t r t ribuni nisi de te rgo p l e b is

e an u ,
Ro m e s t is fi t
an a E m sibi
a r ifi e m novum exor
a . u ca n c
2 tu n qui
r ,
t mori aut servire i b e t
au In e e u n t e m u a . x
e curia impetus factus esset i p e o p p o t e t ribuni ,

n r r un
diem d i is s e t Ibi ira est s u p p e s s ; se i u d i e m

x n . r a c
1
et i n s er t ed b y P o s tga te .
2
fru a n t u r -z fru a n t u r u t a n t u r VM u tan tu r fl
g .
BOO K I I xxx v . 1 .
9
-x xxv . 2
the yoke and ransomed s it were from brigand ,

a ,
s,
behold Sic in i u s in powe r ? S hall I endure these

h umiliations any longer than I must ? W hen I would
n o t brook T q i i s as king mu t I brook S i i i s ?
ar u n u , s c n u
Let him secede now and call out the p l ebs ; the
way lies Open to the S acred M ount and the othe r
b il l
s . L e t them seize grain from our fields as they
d id two years ago Let them enj oy t h e corn prices
.
-
they have brought about by their own madness I .
make bold to say that this evil plight will so tame

them that they will sooner till the land themselves
than withdraw under arms and prevent its cultivation
by othe r It is not so easy to say whether it would
s .
have been right to do this as it is clea r I thi n k that , , ,
it lay within the Fathers power to have made such ’
conditions for r educing the price f co rn as to have o
freed themsel ves from the tribunician authority and

all the terms which they had unwillingly agreed to .
XXX V Even th e senate deemed the p Op o s l too

. r a B-
C 491
harsh a n d the plebs were so angry that they al most

,
r eso rted to arms S ta r vatio they said was now

. n, ,
being employed against them as though they were ,
public enemies and th ey were being de frauded o f

,
their fo o d and sustenance the imported co r n thei r ,
only supply unexpectedly bestowed on them by

,
Fo rtune was to be snatched from thei r m o uths

, un
less th e t ribunes should be delivered up n chains to I
G naeus M ar cius unless he should work his will on

,
the pe rsons of the Roman plebeians ; in him a new

executioner had r isen up against them who bade them ,
choose between death and slavery W hen he came .
out from the C u r ia they would have set upon him ,
had not the tribunes i n the nick of time appointed

, ,
a d y t o t ry him ; whe r eup on thei r ange r subsided

a ,
333
LI V Y
quisqu e se dominum vitae e i q inimici factum
,
n c s u e
3 vid e b t C a t e m p t im primo M arci

. on d i e b t minas us au a
t ib r i i s
un c a i l ii non p o e: e ius datum illi pote
au x ,
na s
tati p l b i q e non patrum tribu o esse S d adeo

,
e s u n s . e
i fe s
n nerat o t plebs t unius poena d f ge
a co r a ,
u e un n
dum esset p t ib u s R e s t it e t tame m d e e a r . ru n a v rs a
e sunt qua suis qui que qua

1
i nv id i e si
a
q u u t t i s s ,
o u
o r dinis i ib A primo t e m p t t
v r us . res est si dis c a a
p o s i t i s c l i e t ib s b st ne d si
g l
u s a iat i o ib s e rr n o n u o co n u
5 co il ii s q e d i s i e e rem p o s s e t
nc u U iversi d e i d e
c r n . n n
p o e sse e
r c
q i d qr i d — erat patrum
u reos d i
u e es , c r
p e ib
r sc
p l eb em e p s
u t e unum ibi i em x unum o cen s s c v ,
s ena t o e m si i r tem
,
b o l e e mollent pro no
n nocen a s v r ,
6 cente d e t Ipse cum die dicta non d e s s e t

on ar n . a ,
p e se e r t mv in ira
ra est u D m t s b s e s in V l s s . a na u a n o co
ex s l t m b iit m i i t s patriae h o s t il e s e iam tum an u

u a u a
q n
S piritus g e e s V e i e t e m V olsci benigne e

r n . n
e e e
p n x c r
b e i g i s q e in dies o l e b
n n u u t quo maior ira in suos c an ,
em i eb t c eb n a e
q e nunc r
q e ll e ra nunc minae
u uer a ,
7 pe ip i e b
rc t r 2 H o s p it i
an teb t
u A t t i T l l i Longe
. o u a ur u .
is tu n princeps V olsci nominis erat R m is q sem

r o an ue
per i fe s t u s Ita cum alterum vetus odium alterum

n .
,
1
a d v e rs a e i n v i d ia e H J M u ll er : a d u e rs a i n u i d i a Q . . .
2
p e rc i p i e b a n t u r e d A l d ( in Er r a ta ) p ra e c i p i e b a n t u r
. Q .
1
i t wr
The l d i ti
c l en t b t h fr m t h p l b
s e e a c ass s nc o o e e s an d
t h p tri i
e T ath l tt r t h y t d i t h f d l r
c an s . o e a e e s oo n e eu a ela
ti f v l t l rd T h y w r p r h p ri gi ll y iti
on o assa o o . e e e e a s o na c z e ns
o f q rdtw
c on d w r r r it d b y m
ue e m o i n s, an e e ec u e an u i s s o n s an d
i m m i gr ti a on .
LI V Y
ira e e s s tim l e t consilia
r c n f t de Romano
u ar ,
con e ru n
8 bello Haud facile c re d b t p l e b e m suam i m p e l l i

. e an
posse t t o t i e s i fe l i it e r t e m p t t a arma cape r c t

u n n c a u
multis s e p e bellis p e s t il e t i postremo m i s s i u

a ,
n a a a
v e t te f
n u t s S piritus esse ; a r te agendum in exo
ra c o
l eto iam e t s t t e odi o u t r ecenti l iq u i ra e c e r

v u a ,
a a x a
b e t r animi
ar n u .
XXX VI Ludi fo rte ex i s t . t io n e mag n i Romae n a u ra
p ar b a t ur an I st u d i
. haec causa f
n ue t Ladis ra n ra . a
ma n e s e rv m quidam pate r familiae o d m com

u n n u
misso s p e t c u l o sub fu r ca c e s m medio e g e t

c a a u ra
circo c o e p t i inde ludi e l t ea res nihil ad religio ,

v u
2 nem p e t i u is s e t Haud ita multo p o st T L t i i

r n . . a n o,
de pl ebe h m i i s m i m fuit ; us I p p i t e dice r e

o n ,
o n u Vi s u r
sibi l d is p e s u l t t o e m d is p l ic u is s e ; n isi m g ifi c e
u ra a r a n
’
i st u
n a e t r c i ludi
ra r n periculum urbi fore ; iret ea
u , ,
3 c o s u l ib s
n t i re t
u Quamquam haud sane libe r
nun a .
erat religione a imus verecundia tame m maie tatis n ,

s
e in ora h o m i
1
m g is t t
a m t im o q e
ra uu i it m r u v c ,
n nu
pro ludibrio b ire t M agno illi ea c t t i s t e t it ;

a . unc a o
fi li m
u m q u e intra p
na o s dies m i s it C uius e au c a . r
p e ti
n e c l d i s me
na causa dubia
a esset e ro animi
g ,
a
eadem illa in som n is b e s t S pecies visa est r ogi o v r a a
1
t i m o r qu e H J . . M u ller : t i m o re m Q
1 i . e . th e R o m an G am e s (cf . I . xxx v .
BOO K IL xxxv .
7 xxxv 1
— .
4
the other by fres h resentment they took coun el

“
,
s
together how they might m ake wa r on Rome They .
believed that it would be no easy matte r to induce

the V olscian commons to take up the arms which
they had o o ften unluckily e sayed ; the destruction
s s
o f their young men in o ft repeated wars and finally -

,
by the plague had they supposed broken their S pirit ;

, , ,
artifice must be invoked where hate had grown dull ,
with lapse of time that they might find some e w , n
cause of anger to exa perate men s hearts s

’
XXX V I It so happened that at Rome prepa ratio n s

.
were makin g to r epeat the Great G ames The reason

1
.
o f the repetition w as follows : at a n early hour o f as
the day appointed f the games be fore the show or ,
had begun a certain householde r had driven his

,
slave bearing a yoke through the midst of the circus

, , ,
scourging the culprit as h e went The games had .
then been begun as though this circumstance had ,
in no way a ffected th eir sanctity Not lo g after . n ,
Titus L t i i s a plebeian had a dream H e dreamt

a n u , ,
.
that Jupite r said that the l eading dancer at the

games had not been to his liking ; that unless there
2
were a sumptuous repetition f the festival the C ity o
would be in danger ; that L t i i s w to go and a n u as
announce this to the consul Though the man s s .

’
conscience w by no means at ea e nevertheles the

as s ,
s
awe h e felt at the maj esty o f the magi trates was too s
great ; he was a fraid of becoming a laughing stock - .
H e vy was the price he paid for his he itation f r

a s ,
o
a fe w days later he lo t his son Lest this sudden s .
calamity hould leave any unce rtainty as to its cause

s
in the mind o f the wretched man the same phantom ,
appeared again be fore him in his dreams and a k ed ,

s
2
i th. l v wh
e . h d b e s arg d th r gh t h ir u
e o a een s cou e ou e c c s .
LI V Y
tar e satin , g spreti
m a m i i s haberet merce
n am nu n
dem ; m i em instare i eat p r opere ac

a or t ie t
,
n nun
5 co s l ib
n s u Iam p e s e t i o r es e rat C c t t e m
u . ra n r . un an
t me
a ac p l t t m i ge s vis morbi d rt est
n ro a a n e n n a o a
6 debilitate subita Tunc e im e o d e m . dm n v r o ru 1 ra a o
n uit F e s s s igitur malis p e t e it i i s t t i b s q e

. u ra r s n an u u
consilio p p i q rOm d h i b it cum visa atque audita

n u o ru a o
e t ob e s t m t t i v r a s somno I
u em
o minas i s q e
en ov ,
ra u
c e l st e s ep e s e t t s c s ib s suis e s u i s s e t con
a a a x o
a e r ra
p n u ,
sensu inde haud dubio 1 om ium qui d e r t in forum n a an
7 ad s l e s lectica d e fe t
con u Inde in curiam i s s r ur . u u
c s lu m
on u d e l t s eadem illa cum p a t i b s ingenti
a u r u
omnium d m i t io e a sse t
ra ecce aliud m i
n e n a rra ,
ra c u
8 lum Qui captus omnibus membris d e l t u s in curiam

. a
e set e m fu c t m ffi c io pedibus suis d o m m e

s ,
u n u o u r
dis e t d it m memoriae est

s ra u .
XXX V I I Ludi quam amplissimi u t fi e e t senatus

. r n
d e c e v it r A d eos ludos
. u c to e A t t i o Tullio vis a r
2 magna V l s o u m venit o P i sq m
c r m m it t e t . r u ua co er n ur
ludi Tullius t domi o m p s i t m cum M m f e t

, ,
u c o u a rc u ra ,
ad c n s l e s venit ; dicit esse quae secreto agere de

o u
3 r e publica v e l it A rb it i s re m o t is
. I it s i q u it r nv u ,
n ,
quod sequi s sit de meis i ib s l o q o n Non c v u u r .
t mea d m i s s u m qu i q m ab u s c i m i t m veni c
n a c ua r na u ,
1 dub i o ed . A ld . : d ub i e ( o r -a e ) fl .
LI VY
4 sed c au tum Nimio p l us quam velim
ne a d m it t a n t .
5 t o
n os r m ingenia sunt mobilia
ru M ultis id l d ib s . c a u
S ens im quippe qui non nostro merito sed vestra

u s,
patientia i c l m e s s im s M agna hic nunc V ols

n o u u .
corum m l t it d o est ; ludi sunt ; s p e t c l intenta

u u c a u o
6 civitas crit M e m i i qui d per candem o c c s io e m

. n a n
ab S b i o m i e t t e in hac urb e c o mmissum sit ;

a n ru uv n u
h o rret animus n e quid inconsulte ac temere fiat .
Haec nostra v e s t q e causa prius d i e d vobis ra u c n a ,
7 cons l e s ratus sum

u ,
Quod ad me t t i e t e t e m p l o
. a n ,
x
hin d m m abire in animo e t n e cuius facti dic

o o u s
tive contagione praesens viol er Haec l o t s b iit . cu u a .
8 C o s l e s cum ad patres rem d b i m sub

n u c t o e certo u a au r
d e t l i s s e t auctor magis
u n ,t fit quam res ad prae ,
u ,
e d m
c av n vel ex s u p e
u uo m i t ; f t o q e sena rv a c ov ac u
tus consulto u t urbe e c e d e e t Volsci p e e s

1 x r n ,
ra c on
d im it t u t u r qui omnes eos p o fic i s c i ante

n o te m r n c
9 i be e t
u r I ge s pavo r primo d i s c u e t i s ad uas
n . n n rr n s
res t l l d s in hospitia p e c l it ; p o fi is e t ib s
o en a r u r c c n u
d e i d e indignatio o b o t
n se t c o s e l e t o s con r a u n c ra
t mi
a t o s qu e ab l dis fe s t i s d i e b s c o e t u q u d m
na n ,
u ,
o a
modo h o m i u m d e o r m q e a b c t o s esse XXX V I I I

n u u a . .
C m prope continuat o
u
g m i e i e t p r e
g e ss s a n r n ,
a r u
Tullius ad caput F e e t i u m t quisque e i e t r

2
n n ,
u v n r ,
primores co r um e ip ie s querendo i d ig d q e x c n n n an o u ,
1
u rb e Hg : u rb e m Q .
2
v e n i re t e u e n i re t Q .
BOO K I I . x x x vn .
3
—xxxv 1 1 1 . I
guard lest they should commi t one The di position . s
o f our people i f m ore fickle than I could wish

s ar .
M any disa te r s have taught us the truth o f this

s ,
S ince it is not to ou r own merit but to your patience , ,
that we owe our preservation A great crowd of .
V olsci is now in Rome ; there are games ; the citizens

will be intent upon the S pectacle I remember what .
the S abine youths did in this C ity on the same o p

p o t u it
r n
y arising ; I tremble lest something ill advised -
and r ash may happen It has seemed to me that .
both on o ur account and on yours I ought to tell you

this be forehand consuls Fo r my own pa rt I intend
, .
to go home at o nce lest being on the spot I might

,
be implicated in some act or word and be compro

m is e d . W ith this he departed The consuls laid .
before the senate this vague warni g which came n
from so reliable a source It was the sou r ce s .

,
a
o ften happens r ather than the story which induced

, ,
them t o take precautions even though they might ,
prove superfl uous The senate decreed that the

.
V olsci should leave the C ity and herald were sent ,

s
about to comma n d them all to depart be fore ight n
fall .A t first they we r e stricken with a great alarm ,
as they hurried this way and that to the houses of

their hosts to get their things B t when they had . u
started their hearts swelled with indignati o n that

, ,
like malefactors and p olluted persons they shoul d ,
have been driven ff from the games at a time of

o
festival and excluded in a way fr om intercours e

, , ,
with men and gods XXX V I I I A s they j ourneyed

. .
on in an almost unbroken line Tullius who had , ,
gone ahead arrived be fore them at the sourc e of

,
the F e e t i r n There when any of thei r chief men

na .
,
arrived he met them with words of complaint and

,
LI V Y
et eos ips o s sedulo a d i t e s secu n da irae verba e t u en
p e eos
r m l t i t d i e m aliam
u in su b i e c tn m viae cam u u
2 pum d e d it Ibi in c t io is modum ux . ti m on n o ra on e
e x or u
s s
“ Ut omnia i q it “ b l i i s m i i alia n u o v ca n
, , , ,
v e t e e s populi Romani i i
r i s c l d e s q e genti V ols n ur a a u s
c or um h d i e m hanc o t m e l i m quo tan d em

1
,
o rn a c n u a
animo fe rt is qua pe r st
,
m ig o m i i m ludos no ra n n a
3 co m m is e e ? A non s e s is t is t i m p h t m hodie
r n n r u a u
de vobis esse ? Vo s omnibus c i i b s p e r g i i tot ,

v u ,
e r n s,
fi it m s p o p l is Sp t c l o b e
n 1 1 u t e s fuisse
,
ec e st s a u a un ,
v ra
o i u e s v e s t ro s liberos t d u t s per or a h m i m ? ra c o o
c n
g ,
nu
4 Quid e o s qui d i e e o c e m p e o is quid q nos

au v r v ra c n , ui
v id e e be r t e s quid e o s qui huic ignominioso

a u n , g a
mini fuere b ii e i s t im s s e p t t is n isi l iq o d

o v x a u a ,
a u
p of
r t ne
ec fas o esse quod Si i t e S m s S ect
p,
l o ,
n r 1 u acu ,
i l t
v o a i s i m s ludos p i
ur l mq
u m e it i ideo nos ac u u ue r ur ,
5 ab sede p i m o t o ru ili q ,abigi ? Quid

c e u c on c o ue
d e i d e ? Ill d non s
n it vivere
u s quod matu u c c u rr ,
no
r a im u s
r
p o fi is i ? Sri hoc p
c f c t i e t non fuga ro e c o
est Et hanc u b e m vos non h t i m d c it is ubi si

. r os u u ,
unum diem morati e s s e t i m o i e d m omnibus fuit ? s, r n u
Bell um vobis i d ic t u m est magn o c orum malo qui n ,
i d i e e si viri estis Ita e t sua sponte ir r m ”

6 n x r ,
. a u
1
T he wo r d s v e t e re s V o l s c o ru m , p l a c ed h er e by
Wa l t er s ,
a re gi v en i n t h e M SS . a ft er e x o rs u s .
3 42
LI VY
p l en i inci tati d o mos inde d ig e s s i sunt instigan
et r
d o que suos quisqu e populos e ffe e e u t omne Vols c r
cum nomen d e fi e re t c .
XXXIX Im p e t o e s ad id bellum de omnium

. ra r
O
p p l o mu sententia
ru l e t i A ttiu s Tullius et C M ar c n .
cius e s l Romanus in quo l iq t o plus s p e i re

,
x u ,
a u an
2 po itum Quam s p e m e q q m fe fe ll it t facile

s . n ua ua ,
u
a
pp e etard c ib s
r l i d i em u quam exercit
u rem va or a
R m o m essean a Ci cei p o fe c t s primum colonos

. r os r u
inde Romanos e p u l it l ib e m q e ea n b e m V o l s c is
x ra u r ur
3 t ra d i d it ; S a t ri c u m , L o n gu l a m , P o l u s c a m , C o rio l o s ,
novella haec Romanis O ppida a d e m it ; inde La v in iu m
re c e
p i t ; inde in Latinam viam t ra n s v e rs i s t ra m i t ib u s
t r n s g re s s u s ,
a
1
tunc d e in c e p s C o rb i o n e m , V e t e l ia m ,
5 T r e b i u m , L a b i c o s , P edum cepit P o s t re m u m ad .
u rb e m a P edo d u c t e t ad ossa u s quinque ab

l 2
i f s C i l i a
urbe milia p a s s u u m c a s t ris p o s it is p Op u l a t u r inde

6 agr a m Romanum c u s t o d i b u s inte p o p u l a t o r e s missis, r
qui p agros intactos
a t ri c i o ru m se a ent sive i rv r , n
f s s plebi magis sive t discordia inde inter pat r e s

en u ,
u
7 p l b em q e
e r et uQuae p o f t ero r ta esset ur . ro e c o
adeo tri b uni m fe o c e m per se p l e b e m criminando

la r
in primores civitatis i s t ig b t —sed externus timor n a an , ,
maximum c o o d i e vinc lum q m is s s p e t o s

nc r a u ,
ua v u c
8 i f s o s q e inter se
n en
g eub t a mimos Id modo no n iun a .
v e i e b t quod senatus o s l s e m alibi

con n a , q us
q c n u e u n ua
sp e m quam in arm is po c h ant plebes omnia quam u ,
9 bellum m l e b t S p N t i u s iam e t S e F riu s

a a . . au x . u
T h e wo rd s n d e i n La n a m
1
i ti
t r a n s gre s s u s , p l a ce d h er e
b y C o n wa y a n d Wa l ter s , a r e f o u n d i n t h e M S S b e twe en .
t ra d i d i t a n d S a t ric u m .
2
C l u il ia s G l a r ea n u s ( cf I xx ii
c l u u ilia s ( or c l u u i l la s
. . .
or c l iu il l a s or c l u u l l a s o r d u u il li a s ) 0 .
BOOK I I . x x x vm . 6 —x xx x 1 .
9
flame they di per ed to their everal homes and

,
s s s , ,
B C.
. 491
every man arousing his own people they brought ,
abo t a revolt f the entire Vol cian name

u o s .
XXXIX A S generals fo this war the ations all

. r n 45 8
agreed in choosing A ttius Tullius and G naeus M ar
cius the Roman exile who inspired rather more hope

, ,
than did his colleague This hope he by no means .
di appointed so that it was ea y to see that Rome s

s ,
s
’
commanders were a greater source o f stre gth to n
her than her armies were M arching first to C i i . rc e ,
he d r ove out the Roman colonists from that city

and turned it over thus liberate d t o the V olsci , , .
He took S t i m Longula P o l s
a r cu ,
and C i l i ,
u ca, or o ,
places which the Romans had recently acquired .
He then recove r ed L i i m and then passing ove r av n u , ,
by c ross -r oad into the Latin W y captured in suc

s a ,
ce ion Gorbio V e t l i T e b i m L b i i and P edum

ss ,
e a, r u ,
a c , .
From P e d um he finally led h i army against Rome s
and pitching his cam p at the C l il i T r enches five

,
u an ,
miles from the C ity laid waste th e Roman territory

,
fr om that base sending out g ards with the pill a gers

, u
to preserve intact th e fa rms o f the patrician whethe r s,
fr om ange r at the plebs or to sow di ension between ,

ss
them and the Fathers A d no doubt it would have . n
S prung p u so,
vehemently did the tribunes eek by s
their accusations to r ouse the already headstrong

commons against the nation s leaders but dread o f ’
invasion th e strongest bond of harmony tended to

, ,
unite their feelings however they might suspect and

,
di like one another In this one point they were

s .
unable to agree that the senate and the consuls saw

,
no hope anywhere b t in arms whil e th e plebs pre u ,
fe rr ed any t hing to wa r S pu r ius N u t iu s and S extus . a

LI V Y
c on s u l e s e ra n t legiones praesidi
. Eo s re c e n s e n t e s , a
per muros l i qu e in quibu s t t io e ig il i s q e esse

a a s a n s v a u
l acu e r t loca d i s t i b e t is m
a l t i t d i pacem r
p g e s u n u u o n n
p sc e t i m
o primum
n s e d it i s o
u clamore co te it o n r ru ,
d e i d e vocare
n e tum r e fe r e de l e g t is ad C
s na ,
r a 11 .
10 M a rc i u m m i t t e n d is c oe
g i t . A c c e p e ru n t l
re a t io n e m
pat r es p o s t q m p p u it labare p l e b is im s mis

,
ua a ar an o ,
l l sique de pace ad M i m o r t o re s A t o e s p o a rc u a . r x r n
sum re t t l e u t : si V o l s c is ager e d d e re t r p o sse

u r n r u ,
agi de pace ; S i p e d belli per otium frui e l i t ra a v n ,
memore m se e t e m m a e e t h s i t m b e e fi c ii
p iv 1 n 1 u r1 o u n
a d is u m u t
n ur
pp e t e i l i o sibi i i t t o san on ar a x s nr a
12 fra ct os i m s esse Iterum d e i d e iid e m missi

an o . n
non e c ip iu t in castra S acerdotes quoque suis

r n ur .
i ig ib s
ns n e l t s isse supplices ad castra h o s t i m
u v a o u
trad it u m est ; nihilo magis quam legatos fle x i s s e

an im u m .
X L Tum m t o e ad V e t i m m t re m C o r o
. a r na ur a ,
a 1
lani Vo l m i m q e uxorem frequente c o e u n t Id

,
u n a u s .
publicum con ilium an muliebris timor fuerit parum s
2 i e io ; e i e e certe u t e t V eturia magno natu

rv c r
nv
pn ,
mu l ie r e t Volumnia duos parvos ex M arcio fe e s

,
r n
fi l i s secum in castra h o s t i u m i e t e t quoniam a r mis

o r n ,
viri defendere b e m non p o s s e t m l i e e s p e c i b s ur n ,

u r r u
3 l acrim i s q e d e fe d e e t U bi ad castra e t m est

u n r n . v n u
1
L vy m pl es i i i th t h w r
at ey i
e e n ot t h e m m e d a e su c ce s so s it r
t
o f t h e c o n s u l s fo r 49 1 , a n d i n fa c h e seem s to av e o m i ed h tt
t ii
t wo s e s , Q S u l p c u s C a m e ri n u s a n d S e r g L a c i n s F la u s
. . r v
i i ri
a n d 0 Ju l u s I u l u s a n d P F n a
. a s R u fu s oug . th h
a t III . xxx iii
l an d v r
l i v 5 h e e c k o n s in
. e s e t wo y e a s
. . th r .
i i n u i i
T h e m s s n g a m e s a re s pp l e d b y D on H a l 68 an d . . vii .
v iii l
LI V Y
n u n t ia t u m
q o r iolano est
ue adesse C i g e s m u l ie m n n ru
agmen t qui nec publica maiestate in l e g t is nec

1
,
u a
in s c e d o t ib s tanta ff s o l is im o q e religi o ne
a r u o u a cu an u
motus esset multo o b s t i t io adve r sus l c im s

,
na r a r a
4 m l ie b e s e r at
u r D ein f m il i i m quidam qui i
. a ar u h
sig em m a e s t it i inter c e t e s g o v e t V e t i m
’
u a ra co n ra ur a
inter murum n e p o t e s q e s t t e m Nisi me frustran u an ,
tu r i q u it oculi mater tibi c o n i x qu e e t liberi

,
n , ,
un
5 ads t un C oriolanus prope u t amens c o s t e

. t s n rn a u
ab sede sua cum ferret matri b i e c o m p l e u m o v a x ,
mulier in iram ex p e ib s versa S ine p i s q m “ r c u r u ua

,
om l m c c i i o sciam i t “ ad bostem an ad
c
p e x u
p a
q , ,
in u ,
fi l i m v e e im captiva materne in
u n r ,
s t i s tuis sim ca r .
6 In hoc m e longa vita e t i f l i se ect tr it u t n e x n a ax ,
7 e s l e m te d e i d e h s t e m
x u ,
id e e m n Pot i ti p p o v r u s o u
lari hanc t e m quae te g e it atque l it ? Non

rra ,
nu a u
tibi q m v i s in festo animo e t minaci p e e n e s

ua rv ra
ingredienti fi n es i ra e c id it ? Non cum in o s p e c t c ,

c n u
Roma fuit s u c c it I ntra illa m e i domus ac

,
u rr
‘
o n a
8 penates mei sunt mater c l i b i q e ? Ergo

’
i ,
on u n x er u
ego ni i p e p e ri s e m Roma non o p p g e t r ; nisi

s s ,
u n ar u
fil i m h b e e m libera in libera patria mortua e s s e m

u a r ,
.
S e d ego nihil iam pati nec tibi t p i u s nec 2

mihi ur
m i s e i s p o ssum nec u t sum mise rr ima d i

r u futura
, ,
u
9 s m : de his
u id e i quos si p e gis aut immatu r a
v r s, ,
r ,
1
gm a t 0 gm
en u i ( t B ) p ri m
-
,
z t 0
a en n u o u .
2
B kk ncc q m a
e C w y
er : d W lt ua d > on a an a e r s r ea < us
q m with M M l l
ua d d. th w d th
u er ,
g m ihi
an or er e or s u s, e o
mi i i h i l i m p ti
s er u s n tib i turp i
a
q m pa m
n ec ns u s ua oss u .
3 48
BOO K I I . XL .
3
—
9
the camp and the word came to C oriolanu that a

,
s
great company f women was at hand at first as o , ,
might have been expected f one whom neither the o
nation maj esty could move

’
s represented in its ,
as
envoys nor the aw fulnes f religion as conveyed

,
s o ,
to heart and eye by the person f her priest he s o s,
s howed even greater obduracy in resisting women s ’
tears Then one of h i frie ds led by Ve t i s

. s n ,
ur a
’
conspicuou sadness to single her out from amongst

s
the o t her women as S h e stood between her son s ,

’
“
wi fe and his babies said Unless my eyes deceive :
,
me your mother i here and your wi fe and children

,
s .
C oriolanus started up like a madman from his seat ,
and r unning to meet his mother would have em

braced her but her entreaties turned to ange r and
, ,
S h e said S u ffer me to learn be fore I accept you r

: ,
embrace whether I have come to an enemy o r a

,
“
son ; whether I am a captive or a mother in you r

camp Is it this to which long li fe and an unhappy
.
o ld age have b r ought me that I hould behold in you ,

s
an exile and then an enemy ? C ould you bring y o ur

self to ravage this country which gave you birth and ,
reared you ? Did not your anger fall from you no ,
matte r how hostile and threatening your pirit when s
you came as you passed the bounda ry ? Did it not

,
come ove r y o whe n Rome lay be fore your eyes

u,
W ithin those walls a r e m y home a n d my gods my ,
mothe r my wi fe and my children ? So then had

, ,
’
I not been a mother Rome would not now be b e

sieged ! Had I n o son I should have died a free
woman in a free land ! But I can have nothing now
,
to su ffer which could be more disgrace ful to you o r

more miserable f my elf nor wretched though I or s , ,
am shall I be so fo r long : it is these you must con

,
side r for whom if y o u keep on untimely death or

, , ,
3 49
VO L . I .
LI V Y
mors au t longa s e rv it u s manet Uxor . d e in d e ac
liberi am
p l e x i, fle t u s u e
q ab omni turba m u l ie r u m
o rt u s et sui p t i e q e f e ge e tandem
c om
p l o ra t i o a r a u r r
vi r um C omplexus inde suos d im it t it : ipse retro ab

.
urbe ca tra m o it A b d t is d e i d l e gi i b s ex
s v . uc n e on u
agro Ro m ano invidia rei p p e s s m perisse t d t o r u ra un
alii alio leto A pud F b i m longe t iqu is s i m m

. a u ,
an u
au c t m
o re sque ad s e e t t e m i i s s e eundem i
,
u n c u v x n
e i ; o e fe t certe hanc s e e c m
r exacta e t t
v n r
p a u a a e
usurpa se o m multo m is e i s seni e s il i u m esse

s v ce ,
r u x .
Non i i d e t laude sua m l i e ib s viri Romani

nv ru n u r u
adeo S ine b t e t t i o e gl i e l i e e i e b t r
o r c a n or a a na v v a u ,
m m e toq e
on u
1
n quod e et templum F o rt e
u ss , una
muliebri e d i fi t u m d e d ic t m q e est
a ca a u u .
Re d i e re d e i d e V olsci d i n t is A equis i n gr m
n a u c a u
Romanum sed A equi A t t i m T ll i m haud ltra

,
u u u u
t le e d u em
u r Hi c ex certamine V olsci A e q i e
. nc ,
u n
i m p e t re m ra c o iu
o to e e c it i da r ent s e d it i
n nc x r u , o,
dei de n t o p ao eli mr t m x I bi f ortuna r populi u or u .
Romani d u o s h o s t i m e i t s haud minus pe r ni u x e rc u
cioso quam per tinaci certamine fe c i t con .
C o s u l e s T S i c i i s e t C A q il i u s
n . S ic i io V olsci
n u . u . n ,
A quilio H e rn i i nam ii quoque in a rmis e t c — ra n
provincia e e it Eo anno H e i i d e i t i : cum

v n . rn c v c
V o l s c i s aequo M arte d is e s s m est c u .
m 1 m t qon u G m m t q q Q
en o ue ron o v : . on u en o uo ue .
1
Fo r an o th r e acc ou n t of Co ri o la n u s , s e e D i on . Hal . viii . 12
an d viii . 1 7-5 6 .
35 °
LI V Y
X LI . Sp . C assius d e in d e et P ro c u l u s V e r gi n i u s
c o n su le s facti . Cu m agri H e rn i c i s fo e d u s i c t u m ;
partes d e d e m p t e Inde d im i d i m Latinis dimi
ua a a . u ,
2 d i m plebi d i i s
u s consul C a sius erat
v u ru Ad ic ie b t s . a
huic m u e i ag r i l iq t m quem publicum possi

n r a u an u ,
der a p i t is i m i b t
1 r va Id m l t s quidem
cr na a ur . u o
p atrum ipsos , p os s e ss es periculo rerum s m or , u a ru
t e e b t ; sed e t publica p t ib s s o l l i i t d o i n e t
rr a a r u c u ra ,
l g it io e o s l e m p e i l s s libertati opes s t e e
ar n c n u r cu o a ru r .
3 Tu rn primum lex agraria promulgata est mq m ,

nu ua
d e i d e usque ad hanc mem or iam S ine m a m s moti

n x 1 i
4 bus rerum agitata C onsul alte r l g it io i e s i t e b t

. ar n r s a
au c t o i b s p t ri b s nec om n i pl ebe d v e s
r u a u t e quae a r an ,
primo e p e t fas t idire m u nus v o l g t m a c i ib s

co ra a u v u
5 ess e i n socios ; s a e p e d e i d e e t V e gi i m c o s u l e m n r n u n
in c t i ib u s e l t t i i t e m d i e b t p e s t il e s
on on v u va c n an au a , n
c o lle
g ea munus esse agros i ll os s e i t t em i i s qui
,
rv u
o s regno viam fi e i Quid ita enim

1
6 ac c e e ri t
p l t n a ur ,
r .
ad sum soc os e t nomen Latinum Q id t t i is s e

1 1 ? 2 u a nu
He s paulo ante h o s t i b
rn 1c 1 ,
s capti agri p rtem ter u ,
a
t iam reddi nisi u t hae gentes pro C oriolano duce

,
7 C a s s iu m h b e t ? P o pularis iam esse dissuas or e t

a an
'
1
a c c e p e rin t Gr y n a eu s a c c e p e ra n t Q .
2
a t t in u i s s e R D 5
’ 2
a t t in u i s s e t fl .
BOO K II . x u . 1 —7
XLI Spu rius C assius and P o l s Ve gi iu s were

. r cu u r n
th en made consuls A treaty was str ck with th e

. u
H i i and two -thirds of their land was taken from

e rn c ,
t hem O f this the consul C a sius pro p osed to divide

. s
one half amongst the Latins and the oth er hal f

amongst the plebeians To th gi ft h e wi hed to . is s
add some part o f that land which he charged was , ,
held by individuals although it belonged to the ,
state W he r eupon m any f th e Fathers being them

. o ,
selves i possession f the land took fright at the

n o ,
danger which threatened their interest But the s .
senators were al o co cerned on public gro unds

s n
,
namel y that the consul by his l argesses should

,
be buildi g up an infl ence perilous to liberty

n u .
This w the first p r opo al fo agrarian legislation

as s r
,
a n d from that day to within living m emory it has ~
n ever been bro ght up without occasioning the most

u
serious disturbances The othe r con ul resisted the

. s
largess and the Fathers supported him n o r we r e the

,
c ommons solidly against him f to begin with they ,

or ,
had taken o ffence that the bounty had been m ade

general being extended to incl de allies as well as
,
u
citizens ; and again they ofte n heard the consul V e

,
r
i i
n u s d eclare in h i peec h es as though
s s he r ead th e
g ,
futur that destruction lurked in th e gift proposed

e,
by his colleague ; that those lands would bring e s r
v i t d e to the men who should receive them and

u ,
were being made a road to monarchy F o what . r
r eason had there been h e asked in including the , ,
allies and the Latin name and i n restoring to the

~
H e i i who had be e n enemies a short time be fore

rn c , ,
a thi rd f the land which had been taken from them

o ,
if it were not that these tribes might have C as ius s
i n the r oom of C oriolanus fo r thei r captain P op ula r

LI V Y
inte r cesso r legis g ria e c o e p e t Ut e q e d e i d e
a ra ra . r u n
consul u t c e t a t im plebi indulgere V e gi i s dicere

,
r ,
. r n u
p ss r m
a use u d s i g i agros a dum e cui isi civi
n ar ,
n n
8 Romano d s ig e t u r : C assius quia in ag r aria la rgi

a n n ,
tione m b it io s u s in socios e o q u e i ib s il io r e rat

a c v u v
,
u t alio m e re sibi une c o c il i e t c i i m a im o s i r n ar v u n ,

u
be r e p r o S iculo fr mento p e n i m u e t m retribui

p cu a acc a
9 popul o Id ve ro haud secus quam p r e s e t e m me r

. a n
cedem regni s p e r t plebes ; adeo propter s s p i

a na a u
c io e m n i s it m r egni e l t a b d e t o mnia
n a ,
v u un ar n ,
mune r a eius re p e b t u
1
Quem ubi primum
s u an r .
,
m gi s t t u
a b iit d m
ra t m n ec t m q e
a ,
constata na u a u u .
S unt qui p t re m u t o e m eius s pp l i ii fe

a a t : c um
c r u c ra n
co gnita domi causa verberasse ac necasse peculi m u
que fil ii C e e i c o s e c a is s e ; signum inde factum

r r n r v
esse e t i s c rip t m ex C assia familia datum

n u , In .
v e i n oapud q o s d m i d q e p Op i s fi d e m est
u a ,
u r u ,
a
u e sta i b u s C e s o e Fabio e t L
or a V alerio diem n dic
q .
tam p e rd u e ll io is d m t m q e populi iudicio diru

n ,
a na u u ,
tas publice aedes E est area ante T e l l u is a e d e m. a r .
C eterum sive i l l u d d o m e s t i c u m sive publicum fuit

,
indicium damnatu r S ervi o C ornelio Q Fabi o co u su

,
.
libus .
1
Af t i th M SS gi i
er e u s i m i h m i m wh i h i
e . ve n an s o nu , c s
b r a c ket ed b y C on wa y ( af ter Vi elh a b er , wh o a lso ej ects in s it a m ) .

LI V Y
XLI I Haud diuturna ira populi in C s i m fuit
. as u .
D lc e d o g
u i e legis ipsa per se d e m p t
a ra r a to e o au c r
s b ib t im o s cc e s e ea c i d i t est maligni
a a
u a an
q p s ,
n u u a
tate pat ru m qui d e ic t is e anno V o l s c is A e q is q e

,
v o u u
2 militem p ed f ud e e ra Q id q id c p t m ex
a ra av r . u u a u
h o s t i b s est u e d i d it Fabius cons l ac d e git in

,
v n u re
publicum I is m erat F b i m nomen plebi prop

. nv u a u
ter is s im m
n ov o s l m ; ten c re tame m patres
u c t n u e a ,
u
3 cum L A m il i C . s o Fabius consul c e

e oet r Eo ae r ar u .
i fe t i
n s facta plebes
or e d it i e domestica bellum s on
externum e i it Bello d e i d e civiles d is d i e x c v . n c or a
i t e m is s e
n r Uno animo patres ac plebs e b e ll t e s
a . r an
V o l s c o s e t A e q o s duce A e m il i p r ospera pugna

u o
4 v ice r e P l us t m e
. h o s t i m fuga quam p o e l i u m
a n u r
b s m p sit
a u adeo p e t i c it e fusos i s e t i sunt
,
r na r n cu
5 equites C s t o is aedes e d m ann o i d ib s Quin

. a r o e u
t il ib u s dedicata est V ota erat Latino bello a P o s .
t m u i 1
d i t t o e : fil i u s eius duumvi r ad id ipsum
o c a r
c re a t u s d e d i c a v it .
6 anno sunt d u l e d i e gr i e legis

S o ll ic it a t i et eo c n a ar a
an m p l e b is Tribuni plebi p o p u l e m potestatem

i i . ar
lege p o p u l i e l e b r b t : patres satis s p e q e

ar c a an u r u
g ratuiti f ro ris in multitu dine e d e t e s esse largi

u cr n ,
1 a P o s t u m i o d a R ieu P o s t u m io n .
1
T h e t e m p l e wa s e e c e d in r t h r f b th C t r o n ou o o as o an d
x
P o ll u , b u t wa s o m m o n l y e fe c r rr d t b y t h n m f e o e a e o the
r r
fo m e a l on e ( e g C c e o , M i l . . i r Th d m i i w r . e uu v r e e a c o rn
m i t t e e o f t wo , a p p o n e d o o i t t v r t h c tru ti e se e e on s c on an d
35 6
BOO K I I . x u r . 1 —6
XLI I It was not long before the people forgot

.
the anger they had felt ag inst C assius The i a . n
h erent attractiveness o f the agrarian l egislation p a
pealed to them on its own account wh en its autho r ,
had been r emo ed and their de ire for it was enhanced

v ,
s
by the meanness of the Father who after the defeat s,
in that year f the Vol ci and th e A equi de frauded

o s
the soldiers o f their booty W hatever was take n .
from the enemy Fabius sold and placed the proceeds

i n the public trea ury The Fabian name was hate ful
s .
to the plebs on the last consul s account ;

,
e th e
’
n ev r
less the patricia s succeeded in procuring the election

n
of C e s o Fabius to that o ffi ce along with Lucius A cmi

a ,
lius This increased the rancour of the plebeians

.
,
and by thei r s e d it io u s at home they b ro ught about a

foreign war The war then caused d omestic stri fe to
.
be interr pted wh il e with one mind and purpose p

u , a
t ic i
r ans and plebeians m e t the rebellious V ol ci a n d s
A equi and led by A e m il i u s defeated them in a suc

, ,
c e s s f l actio n
u Yet mo r e of th e enemy perished i n
.
fl ight than in the battl e so r el entlessly did th e cavalry ,
pursue thei r routed forces C astor s temple w dedi .

’
as
ca t e d the same yea r on the fi fteenth o f J u ly ,It .
had been vowed during the Latin war by P o t u m i s s u ,
the dictator His son being made duumvi r fo r this

.
,
special purpose dedicate d it 1

,
.
The desi r es o f the plebs we r e this year again ex ,
cited by the cha rms f the la n d law The tribunes o - .
of the plebs endeavoured to r ecommend thei r demo

c r atic o ffi ce by a democratic law while the senators ; ,
wh o thought there was frenzy enough and to spare

i n t h e populace with o ut r ewarding it shuddered at
, ,
d d i ati
e c f
on o t m p l wh n t h m wh h d v w d it d i d
a e e e e an o a o e e
with t ou mpli hi g h i t k
acco s n s as .
LI V Y
ti e nes t e m e it t is q e i it m e t h o e b t A ce r
r a u nv a n a rr an .
rimi p t ib s duce ad e s is t e d m
a r u s l e s fuere
s r n u c on u .
E igitur pa r s rei publicae i it e e in praesens modo

a v c n
sed in e i e t e m etiam annum M F b i m C e s o is

v n n . a u ,
a n
‘
f t re m e t magis i i s m alter m plebi

ra , s t io e
nv u u ac cu a n
8 S p C assi L V l e i m
. o s l e s dedit
,
. aCe t t m eo
r u ,
c n u . r a u
quoque anno c m t ib i s e t V ana lex vanique u r un s .
leg s aucto r es i c t d i it m munus facti F b i m

i a an o nr u . a u
inde nomen i ge s post tres continuos c s l t s n n on u a u
e e l t tenore omnes exper t os t ib u i i i s ce r

u r n c
uno
q u v
t m i ib u s h b i t m ; i t q e
a n t bene l o
a t s m
u s it a u ,
u ca u ,
an
in ea familia l iq m d i ho mos Bellum inde V i e s

a ua u . e n
9 i it m e t V olsci re b e l l u t
n u , S e d ad bella exter a ar n . n
p r ope s u p e e t vi r es b t e b t qu e ii s inte
r ra n ,
a u an ur r
semet ipsos ce rtando A c c e s s e e ad a e g s iam c m . r ra
nium mentes p o d igi c e l e t i prope c o tidianas i n

r a a s a,
urbe g is q e o s t e t t i minas m o t iqu e ita m i is

a r u n an a nu n
causam l l m aliam vates c e b t publice priva

nu a an an
t im q e nunc e t i s nunc pe r aves consulti quam haud

u x ,
r ite sacra fi e ri Qui terrores tandem c o e v s e e

1
. a r
ut O ppia vi rgo V e s t l i s d m t a incesti p o e a s a a na n
d e d e ri t .
1 t an d e m M a d v ig : t am en a : o m it t e d in 0 .
1
For t h e n e fo x t ur y r m k i g v ea s, a n se en s u c c ess iv e y ea r s
in a l l , t h e F a b i i we r r pr t d m th
e e esen e e c on s ul ta e.
35 8
LI V Y
XLI I I Q Fabius inde t C I l i s 1 c o s l e s
. . e . u u n u
facti E .o anno non

2
s
g i o discordia domi e t bel e n r
lum foris t i s fuit A b A equis arma s m p t a ro c u . u a
V e i e t e s g m quoque Ro m
n a o
ru m p p l t e s ini an ru o u an
crunt Quo r um b e ll o m crescente cura C e s o Fabiu

. ru a s
2 e t Sp F i s o s u l e s fi t O t o m Latinam
. ur u c n un . r na ,
u b em
r A equi o p p u g b
,
t : V e i e t e s p l e i iam na an n n
l t i m R o m m i s m se O t mina a
o
p p u a
o p nu
p p g s a u na u ro
3 bantu r Qui ter r o r es c m c o m p e s e e d e b e e t

. u c r r n ,
a ux e e insuper
r i m o s p l e b i s ; r e d i b t q e non an a u sua
S ponte plebi mos d e t t a d i m il it i m sed Sp ra c n a , .
Licinius t i b u s p l e b i s venisse tempus ratus per

r un ,
ultimam e s it t e m legis g i e p t ib s i i u n
n ce s a a ra r a a r u n
g e d en s sc
a
p e r t ,
r em militarem
u e i m p e d ie n d m
a a .
4 C eterum tota invidia t rib u i c i e p t e s t t i versa in n a o a s
auc t o e m est r e in e m c o n s l e s c i s quam

,
n e u u a r u
o ll e e coorti unt u i l i o u e e o u m d il e c
3
ip i s s u g c
q a s ,
a x r
5 tum c o s l e s h b e t n A d duo simul bella e e i t s

u a n . x rc u
s c ib it u ; d e d s Fabio in A Furio d tur

r r uc
q s n u e uo ,
a
in V e ie t e s In Ve i e n t e s nihil d ig m memo r ia
n . nu
6 g e s t u m ; e t i n A equis quidem Fabio l iqu t o plus a an
negotii cum c i ib u s quam cum h s t ib s fuit 4 Unus v o u .
ille vi r ipse co n sul rem publicam s s t i u it quam

, , u n ,
e e rc i t s odio
x o s l i s quantum in se fuit
u c
pr d eb t
n u , ,
o a .
7 Nam cum consul praeter e t e s i m p e t i s a r tes c ra ra or a ,
quas parando ge re d o q e bello e d id it p l u im a s ita n u r ,
1
I li uS ig i (f m D i
us H l viii 90 5
on u s d C ro i d on . a . . . an a ss o .
C I L 1 p
. . . t ll i Q
2
, . u us .
2
O
a nn o n on M (f . ann o c .
3
ip i ill s- ip i
s us i Q z s u s e us .
Th w d d
4
e d t f i t gi
or s th t t u cen t d by
us o u ve e ex as r e s or e
C w y on d W lt
a ( f Cl
an Q t 1 9 10 p
a er s th c . a ss . uar .
, . e
g d M SS
oo d th w d th . d
or d
er F bi i V i t e or s us u c en us a o n e en es ,
i n A q e F ri d t u os t i A q i q id m
u o i h i l d ig m
a u r, e n e u s u e n nu
m m ri e og t m a t ; F bi es l iq ut pl es
g tii u m a o a u an o us ne o c
i ib
c u q m m h t ib fui t
us ua cu os us .
3 60
BOO K I I . e u . 1 -
7
XLI I I Quintus Fabius and G aius Julius w e e

. r
then made consul Thi year there was no less dis s . s
cord at home and the menace f war was g r eater

,
o .
The A equi took up arm and the Ve i e t e s eve n s, n
made a foray in t o Roman territory During t h e .
increasing anxiety occasioned by these cam paign s

C esa oFabius and S purius F iu s we re e lect e d to ur
the consul hip O rtona a Latin city w s being

s .
, ,
a
besieged by the A equi ; while the Ve ie n t e s who by ,
this time had their fill of rapine were th reatening ,
to attack Rome itself These alarms though they .
s hould have restrained the animosity o f the plebeians ,
actually heightened it ; and they r e um ed their s
custom o f re fusi g se rvic e though not o f thei r own

n ,
initiative ; f it was S purius Licinius tribune o f the

or ,
plebs wh o deeming that the moment had c o me fb r

, ,
fo r cing a land law on the patricians by the di r est

-
necessity had un d ertaken to ob truct the prepara

,
s ,
tions for wa r But he drew pon his own head al l

. u
the odium attaching to the tribunician o ffice nor did ,
the consuls inveigh against him more fiercely tha n

did his own c olleagues and with thei r h elp th e con ,
s l s held a l evy
u A rm ies were en l isted fo r two wars
.
at the same tim e ; th e command f one which was o ,
to nvade the A equi was given to Fabius while wit h

i , ,
the othe r Fu r i s was to oppose the V e i e t e s A gainst

n n .
the V e ie t e s nothing worth r ecordi g was aecom

n n
l i s h e d ; and in the A equian campaig n Fabius had

p
somewhat more trouble with his fellow—Roman th n s a
with the enemy That one man the con ul him elf
.
,
s s ,
preserved the state which the army in its hatred o f ,
the con ul would o f r as it was able have betrayed

s ,
s a , .
For when the consul be ides the many other i ,

s n
stances o i g o od gene ralship which b e displayed in

LI V Y
in s t ru x i s s e t a c ie m ,
ut solo e q u it a t u e m is s o e x e rc i t u m
8 h o s t iu m fu n d e r e t , i n s e qu i fusos
pedes l i t ; e no u n e
i l l s etsi non
o ,
d h o t t i o invisi duci a suum saltem r a s,
fl gi t i m e t publicum in praesentia d e d e
a u s post cu ,
m o d o periculum si animus hosti e d is s e t o ge re

,
r ,
c
o t i t gradum re aut si aliud nihil stare 1

p u d c el e a ra , ,
9 i st r
n tos uc Iniussu signa e fe t m e t iq e cre
. r ru n a s u —
deres ic t s — e s e c t e s n unc i m p e t o e m nunc

v o x ra n ra r
IO n av a t m ab e q i t e operam
a ede ut in castra Ne ,
r un . e
huic tam pe tilenti exemplo remedia ulla ab impera

s
t o re quaesita sunt ; adeo e c e l l e t ib s i ge ii s c it i u s x n u n n
d e fu e i t ars qua c i e m
r e
g t quam qua h t em v r an ,
os
l l su p e e t r C onsul R o m
n . e d ii t non tam belli gloria a rn r
a uc t a quam i it t o e e b to
qnre in se m ailit am x ac r a u
o dio Ob t i e e t m e patres t in Fabia ge n te

. nu r a n
-
u
co s l t s m
n u a e et ;
u M F b i m c s l e m c r ea n t
an r . a u on u ,
Fabio collega C M anlius d t u

2 u . a r .
XLI V Et hie annus t ib u u m u c t o re m legis

. r n a
a ra ria e h abuit T i b P o t i fi i s fuit Is candem n c u

g . . .
viam v e l u t p o c e s s is s e t Sp Licinio i g e s s s d il e c
r . n r u
2 tu n pr l i s p e im p e d i it
au P e rt b t i s i t erum p t i b s
r . ur a a r u
A p C laudius v i e t m t ib
. i i m potestatem dicere a r un c a
pr o r e a n n o i n praesent a re exemplo i pe rpetuum

i ,
i ,
n ,
1
tr
s a e M a r e tu s : i n s ta r e ( i n s t ra re 0) Q .
2
Ma n li u s ed . A l d (f r o m I I . . x l ii
v . l , Di o n . Hal . ix . 5 1,.
a nd B i od . x i . 5 0 ; b u t C a s s io d . C I L
. . . i 2
, 39 . 1 01 h a s C n .
M al lin s ) Man i i
l u s (or M a m a .
3 62
LI V Y
quando i e nv n tu m dissolvi
S it s uis ip s a m v i rib u s .
3 Neque enim mq m def t m qui e t ex collega

u ua u u ru
v i t o i m sibi
c r a et g t i m m e l i i s partis bono publico
ra a or
v e l it e s it m et l es S i pluribus opus sit tri ur

q ua
p a , ,
b o s ad auxilium o s l m t s fo r e e tcunumn u u a ra o
un
p ,
4 vel adversus omnes satis esse Darent modo e t con .
sules e t primores patrum operam u t si minus omne , s,
l iqu s t m e
a o ex t ib is rei publicae ac s e t i
a n r un na u
5 c o n c il i re t a P e e p t i s A ppi moniti patres e t uni

n . ra c
versi c o m it e r ac benigne tribunos appellare e t e o ,

n
s lu es
ar t c iq e corum privatim aliquid iuris
,
u u u d a
versus s i g l erat pa r ti m gratia partim c t o it t

n u os ,
au r a e
b ti u e e
O n t t ib
r i c i e p t e s t t is vires
u r un alubres a o a s
e l l e n t r ei publicae esse ; q
1
6 v tt o q e t ib o um ua u r u r un r
adversus unum m o t o e m publici c o m m d i auxilio ra r o
d il e c t u m c on su le s h ab en t .
7 Inde ad V e l ens bellum p o fe t i quo u d iq e ex r c ,

n u
Etruria auxilia e e t non tam V e ie t i m

conv n ra n ,
n u
gratia concitata quam quod in s p e m e t m erat v n u
discordia intestina dissolvi r em R m m posse o an a .
8 P i ip e s q e in omnium Et
r nc u i e p Op l m o ru r a u o ru e n
c i l ii s f e m e b
r t e te a s opes esse Romanas nisi
an a rn ,
inter emet ipsi s e d it io ib s s e i t Id unum

s n u a v an .
venenum eam labem c i v it t ib s p l e n t is e p e r t m

,
a u O u r a ,
1
q u a t t u o rq u e ( cf . II . xxx iii . 2 ; III . xxx . n ou em qu e
( no q ue M ) Q (9 i x f iv )
or .
6
3 4
BOO K I I . x u v . 2 —8
fo r ever since a way had been discovered fo r em

, B C
. . 480
ploying its resources to its own undoing For .
there would always be some tribune who would be

willing to gain a personal victory over his colleague ,
and obtain the favour f the better element while o ,
doing the nation a service There would be a n mbe r . u
o f tribunes i f a number should be needed who would

, ,
be ready to help the con uls ; and a single one was s
enough though opposed to all the rest O nly l et

, .
the consuls and the leading senators as well make

, ,
a poi t f winning ove r i f not all at any rate some

n o , ,
o f the tribunes to the state and the senate A cting .
on the instructions f A ppius the Fathers began as o ,
a class to address th e tribunes in a courteous and

kindly manner ; and those who were o f con ular s
rank when it happened that any o f them had any

,
private claim upon an individual tribune brought ,
it about in pa rt by personal influence i part by

, ,
n
political that those o fficial we r e disposed to use

,
s
their powers f the good o f the state ; and four f

or o
them as again t one who would have hindered

,
s
the gene ral good assisted the consuls to hold the ,
muster .
The a r my then set out fo r a war with the V e ie t e s n ,
to whose help fo r ces had rallied from every quarte r

of Etruria not so much roused by goodwil l towards
,
the men of V eii as by hopes that civil di cord might s
e ffect the downfall o f the Roman state A d indeed . n
the leading men in th e councils of all t h e Etrurian

-
people we r e wrath fully complaining that there w o uld

s
be no end to the power o f the Romans unless factional

quarrels should set them to fighting amongst t hem
selves They asserted that this was the only p o ison
.
,
the o nly decay which had bee n fo und t o w ork upon

3 65
LI VY
9 u t magna imperia m o t l i e s s e t Diu s u s t e t t u m r a a n . n a
id malum partim patrum , s il i is pa r tim patientia c on
p l e b is iam ad
, ext r ema venisse D uas civitates ex .
una f t s suos c i q e parti magistratus suas leges

ac a ,
u u ,
esse P rimum in d il e c t ib s s e v ire s l it s e o s d e m

. u a o o ,
in bello tame m p i s e d ib u s Q u l ic m q e urbis a ru s uc . a u u
statu manente disciplina mili t ari sisti p o t i s s e ; iam u
no n p e d i m gis t t ib s mo r em in castra quoque

ar n a ra u
Romanum militem s e q i P roximo h e ll o in ipsa acie u .

,
in ipso certamine conse n su e e c it u s t d it m n l t ro x r ra a
v i c t i m victis A equis signa deserta i m p e t re m

or a , ,
ra o
in acie re l i t m iniussu in castr a e d it m P o fe c t o

c u ,
r u . r ,
si i s t e t r su o milite vi n ci R m m posse Nihil

n u ,
o a .
a l iud Opus esse quam indici o s t e n d iqu e bellum ;

cetera sua sponte fata e t deos ge s t u r s H ae S pes o .
Et r uscos rm v e t multis in v i c e m
a a s ib
ra n s ,
ic t s ca u v o
v i c t o re s q e X L V C o s l e s qu o que Romani nihil

u . . n u
p r ete e
a aliud quam
r a suas vires sua arma h or e b t ,
r an .
M emo r ia pessimi p ro ximo bello exempli t e e b t n e rr a
r em c o m m it t e re t e o ubi d u e simul acies t im e n d e

n a a
2 e sse t nIt q e c s t is se t e e b
. a u t tam a n cipiti
a r n an ,
pe ricul o aversi diem t e m p u s qu e fo rs it a n ipsum leni

LI VY
3 turum iras s it t e m q animis l l t r m Ve ie s
an a ue a a u u . n
hostis Et s iq e e magis p e p p e e a g ere ; laces

ru c u o ra ro r
sere ad pugnam primo b e q it d o s t i s provocan o u an ca r
doque postremo t nihil m e b t qua

, ,
s le s
u ov an ,
c on u
4 ipsos qua e e it m increpando : s i m l t io e m intes

x rc u u a n
ti nae di co di remedium t m o s n e t u m e t o
s r ae 1 rl i v n ,
e n
sules m agis non fi d e re quam n o n crede r e suis

con
m i l it i b u s ; n ovum s e d it i o i s genus silentium otium n ,
e inte r
u m t A d haec in o v it t e m gene r is
q s ar a o . n a
5 o ri
g sin i
q e qua falsau qua vera i ce e Haec cum ,
a r .
sub ipso vallo p o t is q e s t p e e t haud e g re con r u re r n ,

a
s ul es pati ; at im p e it e multitudini nunc indignatio

' ‘
r a
,
nunc pudor pectora versar e e t ab i t e s t i is a v ertere n n
malis ; nolle i l t o s hostes nolle s e s s m non p

nu ,
ucc u a
tribus o o s l ib s ; externa t domestica odia

,
n n c n u u e
6 ce t e in animis
r ar Tandem s p e t exte rna adeo . u ra n ,
superbe i n s o l e t e q e ho tis e l d e b t Freque n tes

n r u s u a .
eto m m c n e i
ra t ; o s c n t pugnam
o o stu
p r
p v
p n un u ,
7 lant u t signum detu r C o s l e s e l t d e l ib e a b d i . n u v u r un
c pita c o fe u t diu c o l q u n t r P ugnare c p i e

a n r n ,
n o u u . u
bant sed retro e o d e t b d e d c p id it s erat

,
r
1
v can a a n a u a ,
u t ad ersando v re m o d o q e incitato semel militi ra n u
8 a d d e e t im p e t m
r n R e d d it responsum im m t m
u . ur a u ra
1
ab d e n d a g Ge bh a r d add en da a .
1
The h ead q rt r ua e s of th e c ons ul , wh o wa s o rigi n all
y c a l le d
p r ae to r
.
3 6 8
BOO K I I x v . 1 . . 2 -8
and bring them to their senses Their e n emies the .
V e ie t e and the other Etruscans were f

n s that reason or
the more in ha te to act ; they attempted to provoke

s
the Romans to fight at fir t by riding up to thei r

,
s
camp and challenging them to come out and finally , ,
when they gained nothing by thi by shouting in ults s, s
both at the consuls them elves and at the army Th ey

s .
said that their pretended want f harmony amongst o
themselves had been resorted to in order to conceal

their fear and that th e consuls distrusted the courage
,
o f their men even more than their loyalty ; it w a as
strange kind f mutiny where armed men we r e silent

o
and inactive To these taunts they ad d ed others upon

.
the newness of their race and origin partly false and ,
partly true This abuse noisily uttered beneath the

.
,
very rampart and the gates was endured u n concern ,
edl
y enough by the con uls B t th e inexperienced
s . u
rank and file tirred o w by indignation d now

,
s n an
by shame were diverted from the thought o f their

,
domestic troubles ; they were unwilling that their

enemies should go unpunished ; they were u n willing
that the patricians that the con uls should o btain a
,
s
success hatred f the fo e contended in their bosoms

o
with hatred o f their fello w-citizens A t length th e .
former feeling got the uppe r hand s o p r oud and i ,

n
solent was the j eering f the enemy ; They gathered

o
i n c r owds at the praetorium demanded battl e e ,

1
,
r
quested that the signal should be given The con .
as thoug h con idering the matter put thei r

”
su l s
,
s ,
heads together and con ferred for a lo g time They n .
desi r ed to fight but it was need ful to keep back

,
their desire and conceal i t that by Opposition and ,
delay they might stimulate to fury the already eag e r

soldiery The men we r e the r e fo re t o ld that the
.
LI V Y
r em agi tempus p gna c esse ; c s t is se
,
n on d um u a r
te e e t
n r Ed i c n t inde u t b s t i e
. t pugna : si qui
un a n an s
9 iniussu p g e it t i b o stem im d e s o s Ita

u n av r ,
u n an a v r ur .
d im is s i s qu o minus c o s u l e s velle c re d u t c e s c it
,
n n ,
r
ardor p g d i A c c e d t insuper hoste s fe o i s

u n an . n un r c u
multo t tatuisse non pugnare c o n s u l e s cognitum

,
u s
est quippe impune se i s l t t s non credi militi

: n u a u ro ,
arma rem ad ultimum s e d it i is e p t m fi e m q e

,
on ru u ra ,
n u
venisse Romano imperio His fre t i o c c s t portis . ur an ,
i ge t p ob
ru n e re abstinent quin castra ra , a
n
g r
pp g O u
nent E im e o n on ultra o t m e l i m pati Roma

. n v r c n u a
nus posse ; totis s t is u d iqu e ad o s l e s c rit r ; ca r n c n u ur u
non iam s e s im u t a n te pe r c e t io u m principes

1
n , ,
n ur n
postulant sed pa s sim omnes l m o ib s g t M

,
c a r u a un . a
tura e e r at ; t e rgiv e rs t u r t m e
r s Fabius d e i d e an a n . n
a d c re s c e t e m t m l t u m iam metu s e d it i o i s c o llega

n u u n
concedente cum silentium classic o fe is s e t : Eg “ c o

,
ist o s C ,
M anli posse vincere sci o ; velle e s c ire m
2
n .
,
n
ipsi fe c e t It qu e c e t u m atque decretum est

ru n . a r
non dare signum nisi v ic t o re s se e d it o s ex hac ,

r ur
pugna iurant C o s l e m Romanum miles semel in . n u
acie f fe l lit deos m q m fallet

e ,
C enturio erat nu ua .
i m R; 1
t m n aM l i y Vl il i n : a .
2 an : an .
LI V Y
M . F l a v o l e iu s , inte r primores p u gna c fl git a at o r .
“ “
14 V ictor ,
in q u it , M Fabi re e t .ex a cie ,
v r ar . Si
fa l l a t , Io v e m p a t re m G ra d iv u m q u e M a rt e m a l io s
q ue
iratos i t deos
n v oca Idem d e i e p s o m is e e rc i t u s
. nc n x
in se quisque i t I r t i d t r signum ; arma u ra . u a s a u
ca
p i t ;
un c nt in pugnam
u i m S p qu e p l e n i
e i ra ru .
1 5 Nunc i b e t Etruscos p u n b i c e e nunc armati ro ra a r ,
1 6 sibi qui que lingua p s m p t m h o s t e m o ffe ri ro Om u r .
nium illo die qua p l e b is qua patrum eximia vi rtus

, ,
fuit ; F b i m nomen maxime e it u it M ultis civili

a u
1
n .
bus e t m i ib s i fe s o s p l e b is im o s illa p u gna

c r a n u n n an
s ibi reconciliare s t t u t a un .
XL V I I s t u it acies n e e V e ie s hostis Et ru s
. n r ur ,
n
e e legiones d e t ct t P rope certa

ra spes
an era t
ca
q u .
non magis secum p g t u s quam p g e i t cum u na ro u n av r n
A equis ; maiu quoque l iq d in tam i it t i s animis

s a uo nr a
e t occasione ancipiti haud d e s p e n d m esse f c i s ra u a nu .
2 Res aliter longe e e i t ; n am non alio ante bello v n
i fe s t io
n Roman s — adeo hine c t u m e l ii s hostes
r u on
hi c n s u
c on l e s mo r a e c e b e t —
p e l i m i mu t
x a r av ra n ro u .
3 Vi x e
p l i c
x d i or d i
annis spatiu m E t us i f uit cum r c s ,
pilis inte r primam t e p id t i o e m b i t is teme r e r a n a ec
magis quam e m is s i s pugna iam in manus iam ad ,
4 gl d i s ubi M ars est

a o ,
t c i s s im s v e e ra ta ro Inter u , n .
1
F a b iu m n o m en M a d v ig fa b iu m n om en fa b i a ge n s Q .
B OO K II . X LV . 1 3
—x 1 v 1
. .
4
Marcus F l l e iu s who had bee n among the for e most

av o ,
in demandi g battle n
“ I will retu rn victorious fro m
.
the field M a r cus Fabius he cried and invoked the

, , ,
wrath of Father Jupite r M a r G r d i u s and the , s a v ,
othe r g o ds if he failed to keep his vow T h e s am e

, .
pledge was then taken in o rde r by the enti r e

arm y each man inv o king its penalties upon himself
, .
W hen they had sw or n the sign al sounded They

, .
armed a d e n te r ed t h e fight angry and confident

n , .
No w let th e Etruscans fl i n g thei r t a unts ! No w

—they all c ried— now when the y were a rmed
, ,
let the lip -bold e n emy face them ! O n that day

they all sh o wed S plendid cou rage both commone r s ,
and nobles but t h e Fabia n name was especially dis

,
t i g is h e d
n u .I n the c o u rse o f many p o litical struggle s
they had est ran ged t h e plebs a n d th e y r esolv e d t o ,
regai n thei r goodwill i n that battle .
XL V I The line w s d rawn up n o r did t h e Ve ie n t e s

. a ,
an d the Et r uscan levies shu n t h e e n c o unte r They .
felt alm o st certain that t h e Romans would no m o re

fight with them tha n they had fought with t h e A e q i
l
u .
That they m ight even b e g uilty of s om e g r eate r

e normity e xasp e rated a s th e y w e re a n d p o ssessed
, ,
of a c ritical O ppo rtunity wa s not t oo much to hope

, .
But it turned out quite o therwise Fo r the r e had .
neve r been a wa r whe n the R o mans we n t i nto battl e

with a keene r hostility— s o embitte r ed had th e y
bee n on the o n e hand by t h e enemy s i n sults on
,
’
the othe r by the p r oc rastinati on o f t h e c on suls T h e .
Etrusca n s had ba r ely had time t o deploy wh en thei r

e n emies wh o i n the fi r st exciteme n t h a d rathe r
,
c a s t th e i r j avelins at r a n d o m tha n fairly aimed them ,
we r e al r ea d y come t o sw o rd -str ok e s at cl o s e qu a rte r s ,
whe r e fi g hting i s t h e fie r c e s t The Fa bia n c l w s

. an a
LI V Y
primo r es genus F ab i m insigne s p e t c u l o e e m u c a x
ploque c i ib s erat E his Q F b i m — tertio hic

v u . x . a u
anno ante consul f t— p i i p e m in c o fe t s u e ra r nc n r o
Ve i t s e
en t e m ferox
e irib s e t
un m m arte v u ar o ru
T s c u s i c u t m inter mu l tas e s t e m
u ,
n a u
1 h o st i m v r an u
m anus gladio pe r pectus t

,
s fi it ;
g tel o extracto ra n
5 p ra
eceps Fabius in o l u s cadit
2
S e s it t q e v n . n u ra u
acies unius viri c s m c e d e b a t qu e inde Romanus a u , ,
cum M Fabius consul t s il u it i e t is corpus

. ra n ac n
o b ie t e parma H e i s t is i i t “ milites o u ra
”
n
c
q a u
q , ,
u , ,
6 f g i e t e s vos in castra e d i t o s ? A deo ig

u n is s i r ur nav
mos hostes magis t im t is quam I e m M t e m qu e e ov ar ,
per quos i r s t is ? A t ego i i t u s aut victor r e

u a n u ra
v e t r araut prope te h ie Q Fabi d im i c s cadam , .

,
an .
C o n s l i tum C e s o
u
3
Fabius p io is anni consul
a ,
r r
V e rb i s e i s t i s frater u t p g e t te i m p e t t
n , m ,
u n n ra u r u
7 c re d i s ? Di i m p e t b u t per qu o s i u ra v e e ; e t nos ra n ,
r ,
u t d e c e t p r oceres t Fabio n o mine est d ig u m pug, u n ,
n ando p o t i u s quam d h o t d o c e d m u s m ilit m a r an a e n a u
a i nm o
s ! S i in primum i fe s is bastis p ro o l n t
c n n v a
du o F b ii t o t m q e m o e t secum a c i e m
a a u v ru n .
X L V I I P l i ex parte una restituto nihilo

. ro e o
s e gm s m cornu al tero C
u M anlius consul pugnam u .
2 eic h at ubi prope simili fortuna est versata N m

,
s . a
ut altero in cornu Q F b iu m sic in h o c ipsum . a ,
1
vr
e sau t em D ( or D ) g-z
2 1
u e rs a n te s a .
2
c ad it H . J . M ul l er ; ab i it Q .
Q: U: gr H
"
2
Caeso g : ga in s 6 au s .
LI V Y
c o n su l e m M a n l iu m
g hostes iam v e ut l fusos a en te m
et i p ig e milites s e
n r ti ut ille gravi cu s nt e t
u ,
v ol e en ictus ex acie e s s it i t e f t m rati

r c ,
n r ec u
3 g r ad m e t t le e ;
u ces i s
r tq e u loco n i consul
r s s en u ,
alter cum aliquot turmi e q it m in eam pa rtem s u u
citato equo d e t s vive r e c l m i t s c o l l e g m se

a v c u ,
a an a ,
v i c t e m fuso altero co rn u adesse rem i

or li t m ,
nc na a
4 su st i i se t
nu s M anlius qu o que ad re s t it u e d m
. n a
ac ie m e ipse coram o ffert

s D orum o s l m cog . u c n u u
nita ora e d t m il i t mac ca mimos S imul e t

n un u .
v i
an or iam erat h o s t i m acies dum abun d ante multi u ,
t d i e f eti s b tr t
u n r subsidia m it t u t ad castra o p
u ac a n
5 p g u d
n an In quae haud magno certamine impetu
a .
facto dum p e d e magis quam pugna c memores

1
,
ra a
t e e re t tempus t i r
r n Romani qui primam i ru p
,
r a n ,
n
t i o e m s u s t i e re non p o t e
n t mis is ad
n ns ule s u ra n ,
s co
n u t s quo loco
n ii e e sse t conglo b ati ad praetor
r s n ,
6 re d e t e t sua sponte ipsi p

un e l i m re o t Et ro u n v an .
-
M anlius consul e e c t s in castra ad omnes portas r v u
milite Opposito h o s t i b s viam l s e t E despe u c au ra . a
r atio T s c is b i m magis quam d i m

u ra e e d it au ac a acc n .
Nam cum i u rs t e s q u m q e e it m o s t e d e e t
nc an ,
u ac u x u n r
spes vano al i q t ie s impet i s s e t globus i

,
uo um n u n , uven
unus in ipsum o s u l e m i s ig e m armis i d it c n n n n va .
1
d u m 0 ( in cl u d in g M 1
or M ) 2
cu m G r on ov . M .
BOO K I I x 1 v . . 11 . 2 —6
other flank so here the con ul M anli s was pe r sonally

,
s u so . 48 0
leading the attack upon the enemy whom he had ,
almo t routed f h i soldier followed him valiantly

s ,
or s s ,
when he was severely wounded and retired from the

fighting line H i men believed him to be dead and
. s ,
faltered ; and they would have yielded the po ition s ,
had not the other consul ridden up at a gallop with ,
some fe w troops o f horse and calling out that his ,
colleague was alive and that he himsel f had defeated

,
and routed the other wing and was come to help

them in that way put a st 0p to thei r wavering
, .
M anlius also howed himself among them h elping to

s ,
r estore the line ; and the soldiers recognizing the ,
features o f thei r two consuls plucked up courage , .
A t the same time the battle line f the enemy w s - o a
no w less trong f
s relying on their exce s o f numbe r s
,
o r, s ,
they had wit hdraw n their reserves and dispatched

them to storm the Roman camp There having forced .
,
an e ntran ce without encountering much opposition ,
they were fr ittering away their time their though t s ,
more taken up with the booty tha n with the battle ,
when the Roman reserves which had been unable to ,
withstand the first onset sent word to the consuls ,
how things stood and then closed up thei r ran k e

, s, r
turned to the praeto r ium and o f themselves resumed ,
the battle M eanwhile M anlius the con ul had r idden

. s
back to the camp a n d by posting men at all th e

,
gates had cut o ff the ene m y s egress In desperation ’
at thi tur n t h e Et s s had been inflamed to the

’
s ru c an
point rather o f madness than o f r eckles ne s s For s .
when as they rushed in whatever direction there

,
seemed a prospect of escape th ey had made several ,
charges t o no purpose one band of youths mad e a ,
dash at the c o nsul himself wh o se a r ms mad e him c on ,

LI V Y
P rima excepta a circumstantibus tela ; s u s t i e i de n r
inde vis e q it C onsul morti fero o l e e ictus

n u . v n r
8 cadit f s i q e circa o mnes

,
u u T u s is e i t audacia ; . c cr sc
Roma n os terror pe r tota ca s tra t e p id o s agit e t ad r ,
extrema e t m foret i legati r apt o o s l is cor

v n u ,
n c n u
9 pore p t e fe is e t una porta h o s t ib u s viam

a c s n E . a
e mp
ru t ; o
un te t q e c m inse ab e u t e s m wrn a o u a n n e
g
torem alterum i c i d t s le m Ibi iterum c s i
n un con u . ae
f iq e passim
us u V ictoria egregia parta tristi t a m e
.
,
s n
d uob s tam claris f

u e ib s It q e consul d e e un r u . a u c r
n ente e t t i u m p h u m S i e e i t u s sine impe ratore

s na u r ,
x rc
t i m ph
r u e
p s s itarp r o eximia o o bell o o pe r a facile
,
e
p a s su u m r e s o d it ;
p se r f amilia funesta
n Q Fabi , .
f t ris morte re publica ex parte orba c

ra ,
s l e altero ,
on u
a m is s publico p i t q e deformem l t l e m
o, r va o u uc u aur a
n on a c c e p t m Omni acto triumph o d e p o s i t s

u ru . u
t riu m p h s c l ri o fuit ; adeo spreta in tempo r e gloria

u a r
i t e d m c m l t i or
n r u e d ii t
u Funera d e i d e duo
u a r . n
d e i e p s o ll e g e f t is q e d it idem in t o q u e
nc c a ra r u uc ,
u r
laudat or cum concede do illis suas laudes ipse maxi

,
n
m m partem carum ferret

a Neque im m e m o r eius .
,
quod i n iti o c o n s l t u s im b ib e r t re c o n c i l ia n d i ani

u a a ,
LI V Y
mos p l e b is , milites d o s d i i d it p t ib u s
s a u c io s c u ra n v a r .
F b i is plurimi dati nec alibi maiore cura babiti

a ,
.
Inde populares iam esse F b ii n ec h o c ulla nisi 1 a
salubri rei publicae arte .

2
X LV I I I Igitur non patrum magis quam p l e b is

.
3 Fabius cum T V erginio con ul factu

s t u d ii s C e s o a . s s
n eque belli 1 neque d il e c t u s neque ll m aliam pri

‘
u a
orem cu r am agere quam u t iam l iq ex parte a ua
i n co h t oa a co d i e spe primo quoque tempo r e cum

nc r a
2 p t ib s c o l e s c
a r u e t animi p l e b i s
a It q e pri cipio
er n . a u n
anni c e s it p iu s q m q is q m g i e legis
n u ,
r ua u ua a ra r a
aucto r t ib s e s ist e e t O
r unu p e t patres
x ipsi suum r ,
ccu ar n
munus facere c p t i m agr a m plebi quam maxime ,

a vu
ae
q l i
uat e darent :
r verum esse habere eos quor m u
3 sanguine ac sudore partus s i t A p e t i patre s . s rn a
sunt ; questi quoque quidam nimia gloria l i e u x u r ar
et e es v an e i i d m quondam i l l d C e s
cer v v is i
u u a on h
g e i m
n u N l l
. e d ei de b
u e fa t i es f ueren ur an a ac on .
4 Ve a b x t ri c an s io ib u s A e
u q o n m Latini Eo cum
ur n u ru .
e x e rc it C e s o m iss s in i p
u a m Aeq o m g m u s o ru u ru a ru
d e pop l d u m t r ansit
u an A equi se in O ppida r ecepe .
runt m is q e s e t e e b
ur t Eo nulla pugna memo
u n an .
r b il i s fuit
a .
5 A t a V e i e t e hoste clades accepta t e m e it t e alte

n r a
ul l G t
1 a ll r u er0 ll P PB u l m DL
a re nu a re 11 a e r e .
2 i p b li re r t G t ( w nfi m d by ip t F B )
u cae a e r u er no co r e re ar e
re ip p r t 0 . a e .
c , M ( Con
2 2
C a e s o ( i e C e s o ) R ; ( cf C I L i , p
3 . . . . . . .
wa y a n d Wa lt er s th i n k th is m a y b e a c o rr up t ion of c e e a e
c ( or g or
.
)a . q
b e l l H ca r n e D 2 b e l l a 0
. . i ‘
3 80
BOO K ll . x 1 v_1 1
. . l z —XLV I U .
5
w ounded soldie r s on the patricians to be ca r ed fo r , . 48 0
To the F b i i he a signed the large t number no r

a s s ,
did they anywhere receive greater attention Fo r .
this the F b i i now began to enj oy the favour o f the

a
peopl e no r was this end achieved by aught but

, a
demeanour wholesome f r the tate o s .
XL V I I I The senators were now there fore not

. 479
more for ward than the plebeians in choosing C e s a o
Fabius to be consul along with Titus Ve g i i s O ,

r n u . n
taking o ffi ce his first concern was neither war no r

th e raising of troops nor nything el e save that the a s ,
prospect o f harmony which had bee n already partly

realized should ripen at the earliest possible moment
into a good unde r tanding bet ween the patricians s
an d the plebs H e there fore propo ed at the outset

. s
of his term that befo r e o n e f the tribunes hould o s
r ise up and advocate a land l w th e Fathers th em -a

,
selves hould anticipate him by maki g it their own

s n
a ffai r and bestowing th e conqu ered territory upon

the pl ebs with the utmost impartiality ; fo it was r
right that they should possess it by whose blood and

toil it had been won The senators scorned the pro .
posal and some even complained that too much glo ry

,
w as spoiling an d dis ipating that vigorous intellect s
which C e s o had once possessed In t h e sequel the r e

a .
were n o outbreaks of stri fe and factio in th e C ity n ,
but th e Latins we r e plagu ed with incu r ions of t h e s
A equi Thithe r C e s was dispatched with an army

. a o ,
and passed ove r int o the A equians own country to ’
lay i t waste The A equi retired to thei r towns and

.
kept within thei r walls Fo r this reason there was .
no memorabl e battle .
But the V e ie n t e s in fl icted a de feat o n th e Roman s

owing t o t h e ras lm e s s o f the o the r consu l ; and the
3 81
VO L . 1 .
rius c o s l is c t m qu e de e e it foret n i K Fabiu s
n u ,
a u x rc u ,
.
in tempo r e subsidio e i s s e t E e o tempore equ e v n . x n
pax neque bellum cum V e ie t ib u s fuit ; r es p r oxime n
6 formam 1
l t o i u ve e t a r L e g i o ib
c n Romanis n ra . n us
c edeb t in
an b e m ; ubi b d t s s e s e
ur t legio es a uc a n ra n n ,
a gros i u s b t bellum quiete quietem bello in

nc r a an ,
i em el de tes
v c u Ita equ e m it t i tota res n e e per
n . n o
fi i p t
c o t Et alia bella aut praesentia i s t b
e ra . t n a an ,
u t ab A equis V o l s c i s u e non d i t i s quam r e c e s u

q ,
u n
dolo r p i m e l d is t s i e t q i e s e t ib s aut
ro x a c a ra n r u c n u ,
mo xm ot s
2
esse p p e b t S abinos sempe r in
u ro a ar a
7 fe s t o s Et i m q e om em
ru r a S e d V e i e s hostis
u d n . n ,
a
s id uus magis quam gravi c o t m e l iis s e p i s quam s, n u a u
periculo a mimo gi t b t quod nullo tempore n e gl e g i

s a a a ,
8 p te o t aut averti alio s i e b t

ra Tum Fabia gens n a .
se t m
na u d iit a C onsul pro gente loquitur
.
“ Ad °
siduo magis quam magno p e s id io t s it i s pa t res ra ,

u c ,
c on s c i t i b ellum V e i e s eget V o s alia bella curate

pr ,
n .
,
Fabios hoste Ve i e t ib s date A uctores s m s tu

s n u . u u
9 tam ibi m i e s t t e m Romani nominis fore

a a Nostrum .
id nobis v e l u t familiare bellum privato s m p t u gerere u
i n animo est : r es publica c t milite i ll i c e t pecunia

10 v c e t
a . Gratiae ingentes c t e C onsul e cu ria a a .
e
g e s s s c o m it
r u t e F bi m g m i
an e qui in vesti
a o ru a n ,
bul o curiae senatus s lt m e sp e t t e s stet

c on u u x c an
f rm m g 1 i f rm m Qo a n o a .
2
m o t u ro s M a d v ig m o t u ro s so a .
LI V Y
e ra n t, redit I ussi armati postero die ad
d em u m .
limen s l i s adesse ; domos inde d i s c e d

con u t un .
XLIX M anat tota urbe rumo r ; Fabios ad caelum

.
lau d i b s fe u t familiam unam subisse civitatis

ru n :
onu V e i e s bellum in p i t m curam in privata

s, n r va a ,
arma s m
ver u S i sint duac . b o is i s d e m in urbe ro r e u
gentes d e p o s t haec V l s o s sibi illa A e q s

,
c an o c , uo ,
pop lo Romano t q il l m pace m agente omnes

u ra n u a
fi i t im o s s b ig i populos posse
n u F b i i postera die . a
arma p i t ; quo iussi e t c o e i t C onsul

ca un ra n nv n un .
pa ul d t s a e
g e
u d i s in vestibulo
r
g e tem eno m em n n
suam i t t o gm i e videt ; c e p t s in medium

n s ru c a n ac u
signa ferri i b e t N m q m e e r it u s n eque mino r

u . u ua x c
n mero neque l io fama e t d m i t io e h o m i u m

u c ar r a ra n n
per b e m i c e s s it S e e t t e c e t i milites omnes

ur n . x r n
,
p t
a r c i i i omnes ,
unius gentis quorum em i em d cem ,
n n u
e g re gi s q ib s l ib e t temporibus senatus
1 u u
Sp e rn e es r ,
u
,
iban t unius familiae v i ib s V e i e t i popu l o p e s t e m

,
r u n
5 m i itn te
an S qu eb ts . turba propria alia cogna
e a ur ,
torum s d l i m q o n ihil medium e e s p e m nec

a u u e, ,
n
c u ram sed immensa omni a ol e t i m animo alia

,
v v n u ,
publica sollicitudine e c i t t favore e t d m i t io e x a a, a ra n
6 st p e s
u n I r e fo rtes ire felices i bent i c e p t is even
.
,
n ,
n
1
s p e rn e re s M a d v ig : s
p e rn e re t 0 .
1
The c ri m s on pa lud a m en tu m .
BOO K I I . x 1. v 1 11 . r o —x u x . 6
the enate s decision returned to his house After

s
’
, . s o . 479
receiving the command to pre ent them elves armed s s
next day at the consul s thre hold they dispersed to ’
s ,
their homes .
XLIX The news preads to every part o f th e C ity

. s
and the F b ii are lauded to the S kies M e tell how

a . n
a singl e family has taken pon its shou l ders th e u
bur d en f a st te how the war with V eii h s been

o a , a
turned over to private citizens and pri vate arms If .
there were two other clans f equal trength in the o s
C ity th e one might undertake the Volsci the othe r

, ,
the A equi and the Roman P eople might enj oy the

,
tranquillity o f peace whil e all the neighbouring ,
nations were being ubdued O the following day s . n
the F b ii arm and as emble at th e designated place

a s .
The consul coming forth in the cloak of a general 1

, ,
sees h is entire clan drawn up in h i vestibule and s ,
being received into their midst gives the order

to march Neve r did an army march through the
.
C ity less in number or more di tinguishe d by the s
applause and the wonder of men three hundred :
and six soldiers all patricians all of e blood no , ,

on ,
one of whom you would have rej ected as a leader ,
and who would have m ade an admirabl e senate in

any period were going out to threaten the existence
,
o f the V e i e t i e nation with the re ources

n n f a S ingle s o
house They were followed by a throng partly made

.
up o f people belonging to them their kinsmen and ,
close friend whose thought were busy with no

s, s
mean matters whether f hope or f fear but with

,
o o ,
boundless possibilities ; partly o f those wh o we r e

moved with conce r n for the commonwealth and ,
were beside themselves with enthusia m and amaze s

“ “
ment G o they c ry in your valour go with go o d , ,
.
,
LI V Y
tu s pa r es re d d e re ; o s l t s inde ac t i m p h o s c n u a u r u ,
7 omnia p e m i ab se omnes honores S perare P rae

ra a , .
te t ib
re u n C apitoliumu s em
q e et alia templa a re u ,
q i
u d q i d d
u eo m c li
q i d
ru
q i d animo occurrit
o u s, u u ,
ec
r t
an u t i l l d agmen f
ur st mu atqu e felix mit au
p u
tant s o s p it e s brevi in p t i m ad parentes restituant

,
a r a .
8 In cassum missae preces Infe l ici via dext r o iano .

,
portae C a m e t l is p o fe c t i ad C e m e m fl m e
r n a ,
r r ra u n
p e i t
rv e n u n Is o
pp o t u u s visus locus c o m m
. ire d n un n o
p ra e s i d io .
9 L A e m ili s i de e t C S e il i s c o s u l e s facti
. u n . rv u n .
Et donec nihil aliud quam in p o p l t i ib u s r es fuit u a on ,
non ad praesidium modo t u t d m F b ii satis e r t an u a an ,
sed tota r egione qua T s c s ager Roma n o a d i c e t u u a ,
sua tuta omnia in festa h o s t i m vagantes pe r utrum

,
u
que fi e m fe e e Intervallum d e i d e haud magnum

n c r . n
O l t
u ai i b u s fuit dum e t V i
on t s aceit o ex Et r u e en e
p p ,
ria e e it praesidium C e m e e oppugnant e t

x rc u r ra ,
Ro m e legiones ab L
ana A e m il i c o s l e d d u ct e . o n u a a
co mi s cum Et
n u s i s d im i c t acie ru Quamquam
c an .
vix d i ige d i i e m spatium V e ie t ib s fuit ; adeo

r n ac n u
in t e r primam t e p id t i e m dum post signa ordine

r a on , s
i t
n e
ro t s u b s id i q e l o c
un t invecta subito ab late r e
a u an ,
Romana e q it m ala o pugna c modo i c ip ie d e

u u n n n n a
sed o s is t e d i d e m it locum Ita fusi r etro ad

c n n a .
S axa Rubra ibi cast r a h b e b - t pacem supplices a an —
1
A n am e af e t r w rd a s g iv en to t h e a r h fr
c om th e r ul t
es of
t h i x p d iti
s e e on .
LI V Y
p etu n t ; cuius i m p e t ra t a e ab insita animis levita t e
ante d ed u ct um C remera Romanum praesidium
p aen it u i t .
L . cum F b iis e rat V e i e t i populo sine

R u rs u s a n
ullo m i o i s belli pp
a t certamen e
r t i a a ra u ,
n e e ra n n
c i
u rs o n e modo in agros aut subiti impetus in incu r
s
santes sed l iq o t i e s aequo campo c o l t is q e

1
,
a u n n a u
si i e t t m e s e una populi Romani s

g s
n
g c
q r a u
p
, e n u ae
ex Op l e t i s s im a u t tum res e t Etrusca civitate

u n ,
ra n ,
3 vi t c i m tulit
or a Id pri m o c b m i d ig u m q e . a er u n n u
V e i e t i b s est visum ; inde consilium ex re matum

n u
i s id ii s fe o c e m h o s t e m c p t
n r d i ; gau d ere etiam a an
4 multo S c e s F b iis d i m crescere It qu e e t

u c s u a au ac a . a
pecora p e d n t ib u s l iq o t i e s e l t casu incidis

ra a a u n ,
v u
sent obvia m acta t g e s t i m fuga vasti relicti

, ,
e a r u
agri e t subsidia m t o m ad a e d p o p l a t io e s
,
ar a ru rc n as u n
mi sa s e p i s simulato quam vero pavore re f g e t

s a u u ru n .
5 1 mq e F b
a u adeo t mp a t h s t e m u t sua
ii c on e s e ra n o
invicta arma eque loco neque tempore ullo crede n
r ent s u s t i e i posse Haec S pes p e it u t ad c o n

n r . ro v x
Sp e c t p o la a C remera magno
r en campi inte r vallo
pecora quamquam rara h s t i m p p e b t a rma
,
o u a ar an ,
6 de e e t
c u rr Et cum i m p o i d i e ff so cursu insidias
r n . r v u
circa ipsum ite r l o t s s p e s s e t p l t iq e passim ca a u ra n ,

a a u
vaga t fit pavore i i e c t o p e e n t peco r a s u bito ex

,
u n ,
ra r ,
i n i n c u r s a n t e s Go e b e l
1 : in c u rs a n t e s i u m P : i n c u rs a n t e s
lu p M i in c u rs a n t i u m n .
3 8 8
BOO K I I . x u x . rz —L . 6
was granted but their in tinctive fi k l e s s cau ed

,
s c en s
them to weary o f th e pact be fore the Roman garri on s
was withdrawn from the C remera .
L A gain the F b ii were pitted against the people

. a M L 477
of V eii N o preparations had been made fo a great

. r
war yet not only were raids made upon farming

,
lands and surprise attacks upon raiding par ties but

, ,
at time they fought in the Open field and in serried

s
ranks ; and a S ingle c l of the Roman P eople o ften

an
carried ff the victory from that most mighty state

O ,
for those days in all Etruria A t first the V e i e t e s

,
. n
bitterly r esented this but they presently adopted a

plan suggested by the situation fo trapping thei r
, ,
r
bold enemy and they even rejoiced as they saw that

,
the frequent successes f the F b ii were causing o a
them to grow more rash A d so they o w and the n . n n
drove flocks in the way of the invaders as if they ,
had come there by accident ; and the country fol k

would fl ee from their farms and leave them deserted ;
and rescuing parties o f armed men S ent to keep o ff ,
pillagers would flee be fore them in a panic mo r e

,
o ften feigned than real By this time the F b ii had

. a
conceived such scorn for the enemy that they b e

l i e e d themselves invincibl e and not to be withsto o d
v ,
no matter what the place or time This confidence .
so won upon them that on catching sight o f some

flocks at a distance from the C remera ac ross a wide ,
interva l f plain they disregarded the appea rance

o ,
here and there o f hostile arms and r an down to ,
capture them Their rashness carried them on at

.
a swi ft pace past an ambuscade which had been laid

on both side o f their very road They had scattered
s .
this way and that and were seizing the flocks which ,
had dispe r sed in all di r ections as they do if te rr ified , ,

LI V Y
in s i d ii s c o n s u r it u r,
g et a d v e rs i et un d i qu e hostes
7 e ra n rimo clam or i m l t
t . P t it c rc u a us ex e rr u ,
dein tela
ab om i parte id bn t ; o t ib s q e Et ru s i s
acc e an
1
c eun u u c
i m conti enti
a
g m i m t n m aepti quo magis
a ne ar a o ru s ,
se hostis in fe e b t g b t b e i e spatio
r e t a ,
co e an ur r v or
8 ip i orh em o l lig e e quae res e t p c it t e m corum

s c
2
r ,
au a
i n s ign e m et m u l t it u d i n e m Et ru s c o r u m m u lt i
p l i c a t is
9 in arto d i ib s f i e b t Tum omis a pugna quam

or n u ac a . s
in om es partes parem i t e d e t in unum locum

n n n ra n ,
se onm e inclinant Eo ni si c o p i b s m i s q e
s . r or u ar u
ru
pe e cuneo
r viam D i t v i i n e d i t m l e i ter .
3
ux a u n
collem Inde pri mo e s t it e e ; m

. t e s ir
p d i r r ox ,
u r an
superior locus patium dedi t e c ip i e d i q e a pav o re

s r n u
ta nt o im m p p l e etiam s b
an u t e s ; v in c e b t
,
e u er u eun a
que auxilio loci p it s ni i go i c u m m i s s s V e i e s au c a ,

n c r u n
in t i m colli e s i s e t Ita s upe rio r u s s hostis

v er ce s va s . r r u
factus Fab c e s i ad unum o mnes p e s i d i m qu e

. u a ra u
e x
p g u t m Trecentos
na sex u pe r is se satis c o
. n it nve ,
unum prope p b e e m e t a t e e l i t m s t i rp e m genti

u r a r c u ,
F b i e d b ii q e rebus populi Romani s epe domi

a a u s u e
b e l l i q e vel maxim m fu t u r um a u xi lium

u u .
LI C u m h aec accepta clade est iam C Horati us

. s ,
4
.
e t T M e e iu s
. o s les e nt n M e e i u s adversus
c n u r an . n n
a c c e d eb an t Q
1
a c c id eb a n t Ge b h a r d .
2
e t p a u c it a t e m V M g
?
p a u c it a t e m Q .
3
l e n i t e r g-z l e u i t e r Q .
1
es t C r e r ie r esse 0 ( bu t l a d e s e et c ti am D V) .
1
h
T is was th t a F ab i rd i g t
u s, acco n o t h e l e ge n d , wh o wa s
to b ecom e c o ns u l t e n y ea r lat r S
s e e c I II . I .
LI V Y
2 T u scos ictoria elatos
V f s t im missus Tu n quo c on e . r
que male p g t m est e t I i l m hostes occupa

u na u ,
an cu u
vere ; b s e q o rbs foret super bellum annona

ssa ue u
p r emente t i t enim Et
— s i
ra n s e ra n T ib e rim ru c ,
Horatius consul ex V o l s is esset e t s A deo c r v o ca u .
que id bellum ip s is i s t it it m o e ib t primo pug n n us u
na t m ad S p e i S i t aequo M arte iterum ad portam

u ,
3 C ll i m
o na Ibi quamquam parvo momento superior
.
Romana res fuit m e l i o e m tame m militem recepto ,

r
pri tino animo in futura p o e l i id certamen fecit

s r a .
4 A V e g i i s e t S p S e il i s c o s l s fi u t
. r n u P ost rv u n u e n .
ac ce t m
p proxima
a pugna 1 l d em V e i e t e s absti c a n
muere acie ; p Op l t i es e t et el t
u a ab arce on ra n ,
v u
I i
an c u l o
2
pas im in Roma n um ag u m impetus da
s r
bant ; non s q m pecora tuta non agrestes e t

u ua ,
ra n .
5 C apti d i d e eadem arte unt qua e p e

e n t Fabios s c ra n .
Se cut i dedita opera passim ad i l e c e b s propul a n ra s
pecora p e ip it e e in ins i dias Quo p l re s e t

ra c av r . u ra n ,
6 maior c e d e s fuit E hac clade t o ira m i i

a . x a r x a or s
l d i s causa atque i it i m fuit

c a T i e t o enim nocte
n u . ra c
Tiberi castra S ervili s l is d o t i sunt ppugnare c on u a r O .
Inde fusi magna e d e in I i u l m e g e rece ca an c u s ae r
7 pere C f s t im consul e t ipse transit T ib e im

. on e r ,
1
p r x i m p g
o G aD pur x i m
na p g D D
r on o v .
? : o e u na or
1
p ro x n n e p u g n a c D 2
p ro x n n a m p u gn a c n .
2
I a n ic u l o advig M Ia n i c u h Q .
BOO K I I . LI . 1 —7
at once sent out to con front the Et s

M e n e n iu s wa s ru B C
. .
477 -476
can elated by their victory A gain the Roman arms
s, .
were un ucce ful and Janiculum was taken by the

s ss ,
enemy Th ey would also have laid siege to Rome

.
,
which was u ffering not only from war but from a

s
scarcity f corn f th e Etru cans had cros ed the

o — or s s
Tiber — had not th e cons l Horatiu been recalled u s
from the V ol cian country ; and early did that

s so n
invasion approach t h e very walls f the C ity that o
bat tle were fought first at the templ e o f H ope

s ,
where the result w indecisive and again at the as ,
C olline G ate There although the advantage to the

.
,
Roman S ide was but l ight till the engagement s ,

s
re tored their old -time pirit to the troops and made

s s
them the better soldiers f the battles that were or
to come .
A ulus V e rgin i u s and S purius S e il i s we r e m ade rv u
con ul A fter the defeat the V i t s had su ffered

s s . e en e
in the last fight they avoided a battle and took to ,
pillaging From Janiculum as from a citadel they

.
, ,
sent out expedition f and wide into the territory s ar
o f the Romans ; there was no security anyw h e r e f r o
flocks or country fol k A fter a time they wer caught - . e
by the same trick with which they had caug h t the

F b ii
a Having pur ued the flock which had been
. s s
driven out here and there on purpo e to lure them s
on t h y p l g d into an ambu h and as their num

, e
‘
un e s ,
bers exceeded those o f th e F b ii so did their lo ses a s .
Thi di aster threw them into a violent rage which

s s ,
proved the cause and th e beginning o f a greate r

reverse For they crossed the Tibe r in the night
.
and assaulted th camp f th e consul S il i s e o e rv u .
There they were routed with heavy losse and e s r
gained Janicul m with di ffi culty Forthwith the u .

LI V Y
ca tra sub
s Ia n ic u l oostero die luce orta
com m u n it . P
n on n ih il e t h e s t felicitate pugna c ferox magis
e rn a ,
t me
a quod inopia frumenti q m i s in p e ip it i
n ua v ra c a,
dum c e l e ri e s s e t g o rae b t 1
consilia temere adverso
n ,
a a ,
8 Ian i l ad castr a h s t i m i e m e e it f e d i s q e
cu o o u ac r x ,
o u u
inde pulsus quam p id ie p e p l e t i t e e t colle r u ra ,

n rv n u
9 gae ipse e e c i t s q xest s e t s Inter duas acies

r u ue rv a u .
Et s i cum in i c e m his atque illis te r ga darent

ru c ,
v ,
o c c id io e o is i n Ita Opp re s s m t e m e it a t e felici

cc . u r
V e i e s bellum
n .
LI I Urbi cum pace l io etiam ann o na re d i it

. ax r
,
et d e t ex C ampania frumento e t p o s t q m timor

a v c o ,
ua
S ibi i q e fu t u e i Op i e ab t e o q uod b d i t m
cu u ra n a u ,
a u
2 f e
u t p r olato
ra E copia d e i d e o t i q e lascivire
. x n o u
ru r us s animi e t pristina mala , p o st

q m fo r is de ,
ua
3 e ra nt domi q ,
e e re Tribuni p l b e m agita r e s o
ua r . e u
ve n eno agra r ia lege ; in r esistentes incita r e patre

, s
n e e in universos modo sed in Si g l s Q C o s i ,

n u o . . n
di n s e t T Genucius aucto r es g i e legis T M e n

.
,
a ra r a , .
enio diem d i c t I id i erat m is s m C re m e r e

un . n v ae a u a
p r aesidium cum haud p o l inde stativa consul

,
r en
4 h b u i s s e t ; ea Op p
a s i t 2
cum e t pat r es haud minus
re s ,
1 a
ge b a t R D Ur : a ge b a n t
2 2
Q .
e a o p r e s s i t Gr o n o v M e a rn o p p r e s s i t c ru n t )
-
2
p .
( or a .
1
W ha t
wa s t h e c a g e ? P e h r rh p th t h a s a e h a d fa l e d t o i
s u p p o rt t h e F a b i i ; p e a s
p a rh th t h h d l t e a os i
Ja n c u l u m b y
h is i n c om p e en c e t .
LI VY
quam pro C oriolano d is i e s s e t e t patris A g ip p e a n n ,
r a
5 favor h d d m le i et
au In multa t e m p
u ex o t
v ss . e ra ru n
tribuni ; cum capitis q s s s e t duorum m il i m

i i l
an u n , u
a e is d m
r t multam d
a i
na t 2
o E in caput e t it x e ru n . a v r .
N g t t l is s e ig m i i m e i t d i em e ; inde
no n a a r
e an u
g q u n u
morbo b s m p t m esse a u u .
6 A lius d e i d e reus S p S e il i u s u t c o s l t
n b ii t . rv ,
n u a u a ,
C N t i e t P V al erio
. au o s l ib s initio statim anni
. c on u u ,
ab L C e d i io e t T S tatio t i b is die dicta non t

. a c . r un ,
u
M e e i u s p e ib s suis aut patrum sed cum multa

n n ,
r c u ,
fid ci u i o a t i e g t i e q e t ib
nn cen i i o s impetus
a ra a u r un c
7 tulit Et huic p e l i m cum T u s c is ad I i l m

. ro u an c u u
erat crimini S e d fervidi animi vi r t in publico

.
,
u
periculo ante sic tu n in o non tribunos modo sed ,

r su ,
l eb em o t i o e fe r oci refutando
ra ne p ob d x r ra n
p q e , o u
T M eneni d m t io e m m o t e m q e cuius patris

. a na n r u ,
m u e e r estituta quondam plebs e o s ipsos qu bus

n r i
tum s e i re t magistratus eas leges habe r et peri

a v , ,
8 cu l u m audacia d is c s it I i t e t V e g i i s collega u s . uv r n u
te tis productus participando laudes ; magis t m e

s ,
a n
Me e in u m ade
n an o m t v e t —animi —
p ro f it i u d i u a ra n u
o ium .
LI I I C e t m i domi fi it : V e i e s bellum exor

. r a na n a n
tum quibus S abini arma c o iu e t P Valerius

,
n nx ra n . .
1
duo r u m m l ii m R eid : d u o m il a Q
u i duo 0 .
2
_ m u lt a m d ix e ru n t g-z m u l a m ( m u l t t a R ) e d ix e ru n t ( od a x
c r t H)
un o .
BOO K I I . L II .
4
-L m . I
than they had done f C oriolanus and though the or ,
favou r enj oyed by his father A grippa had not yet

passed away In respect to the penalty the tribunes
.
showed restraint ; though they had charged him with

a capital o ffence they fixed the fine o f the con ,
d m e d at two thousand
e n s s B t it cost him his as e . u
li fe ; they y that h e could not endure the shame

sa
an d grie f and from this cau e fell ill and died

,
s .
A nothe r man was then put upon his trial namely ,
S puriu S e i l iu s
s H e h d laid dow the con ulship
rv . a n s
and been succeeded by G aius N t i s and P ublius au u
V alerius when he was cited in the very beginning

, ,
o f the year by the tribune Lucius C e d i i s a n d

,
s a c u
Titus S tatius Unlike M e e i s he did not meet the

. n n u ,
attack f the tribunes with entreaties pre ferred by

s o ,
himsel f or the senators b t with high confidence in , u
h i innocence and popularity

s He too was accused .
, ,
in connection with the battle against the Etruscans

at Janiculum But the fiery courage of the man had
.
not been more in evidence in the nation s hour of ’
peril than it was then in his own and he con futed not ,
only the tribunes but the pl ebs upbraiding them i n , ,
a daring speech with the condemnation and death

,
o f M ene i s to who e father he declared the plebs

n u ,
s , ,
formerly owed thei r restoration and the possession

o f those very magistrates and laws which were the
‘
tools f their c r uelty This boldne s swept away the

o . s
danger H e was helped too by V e g i i his col

.
, ,
r n u s,
league who being ca lled as a witne s shared h i own

, ,
s , s
credit with S e il i s But the trial of Me e i s

rv u . n n u
stood him in even better stead so great a rev lsion , u
o f feeling h a d set in .
LI I I Domestic strife was at an e d ; but wa r broke

. n
out with the V e i e t e s with whom the S abines had n ,
u n ited thei r a r ms P ublius Vale r ius the consul was

.
LI V Y
consul Latinorum H e ic m q e u il n s cum
a c c it i s rn o ru u a x
e e x i t V eios missus castra S abina quae pro m o e i

rc u ,
n
bus s o c i u m locata e t c o n fe s t i m d g e d it r tan

or ra n ,
a r u
t m q e t e p id t i
a u em r i i e c i t u t dum dispersi alii
a on n ,
a lia m ip u l t im e rr t ad rc e d m h o s t iu m
an a x cu un a n a
vim ea porta cui signa primum i t u l e t c p e e t r

,
n ra a r u .
2 Intra vallum d e i d e c e d e s magis q am p o e l i m n a u r u
esse Tumultus e c s t is e t in u b e m p e e t r t ; tam

. a r r n a
quam V ens c p t is ita pavidi Ve ie t e s ad arma cu r

a ,
n
r unt P a r s S b i is cunt subsidio pars Romanos toto

. a n ,
3 impetu inte ntos in castra d o i t u r P u li s p e a r un . a r
a versi t u b t i q e sunt ; d e i d e e t ipsi

r a u t o q e versis n u r u
s ig i sn e sist rt e t equ es ab c o n s u l i m m i s s u s T s o s
un ,
e u c
fu d it f g t q e ; e d e m q e hora duo e e c i t u s d
n u a u a u e x r , ua
t e t is s im a e e t m i m e fi it im a e gentes s u e
ax a t n ra a
p o n
p e
sunt .
D m haec ad V eios ge
u t V olsci A e q u iq u e in
ru n u r,
Latino ag r o p o s u e r t castra p p l t iq e fines e ra n tan o u a u .
Eo s per se ipsi Latini d s m p t i s H e i is si n e R0 a u rn c
5 mano aut d uce aut auxilio st is e u e ru t ; ingenti ca r x n
p r ed a praeter a suas e i e
p t s r es
p o t it i s nt
r c M i ra
s a u .
sus tame m ab Roma consul in Vo l s c o s C N t i s ; . au u
mos credo non p l e b t sine Romano duce e x e

, ,
ac a r
c it
quue s o ci o s p re p ru s v irib u s c o n s il iis
q e bell a u
LI V Y
6 gerere N ull um genus l m it t is o t m e l i e q e
. ca a a c n u a u
non e d it m in V l s c s e t nec tame m p e p e ll i

u o o s , r
1
p ot e e u t acie
r d i m i
u e t c ar n .
L IV L P urins inde e t C M anlius 2 c o s l e s

. . . n u .
M anlio V i e t e s provincia e n e it Non t m bella ev n . a en
tum ; i d t i e in n s u
q a d g i t p e t t
an n o i b datae ua ra n a en us
2 frumento s t ip e d i q e imperato n P aci 3

o exte rnae
u .
f s t im o t i
c on e t discordia domi A g i e legi
c n n ua ur . ra r a s
t ib
r i i i s stimulis pleb
un c f eb t C s le s nihil s ur a . on u ,
M eneni d m t i nihil periculo d e t e it i S ervili

a na on e ,
rr ,
summa vi i t t A b e t e s m gi s t t C Genu re s s u n . un a ra u n .
cius t i b s r
p l e b i s a ri
un u
p i t r u .
3 L A e m il i s e t Op it e V e gi i s c o s u l t m i
. u r r n u n a u n
e u t ; Vo is
n
p m I l i m p r o
cu V erginio in u
q i b s d m
u u u a
l ib s o s l m i
an n a u e n io
c n Hoc anno — q o s m
u e nv . u cu
que o s l e s habuit— rei ad populum Furi s e t M

c n u a an
liu “s i me t s
c rc u d i d t i non p l e b e m magis quam
un or a
4 iuniores patr u m S de t m e t. h o o ib s e t ua n ,
on n ,
n r u
d m i i s t t i o e rei publicae b t i e
a n ra n t ; consulares a s n an
vero fasces p e t e t m ,
l e m q e sellam ni h il aliud
ra x a c u ru u
quam p m p m f e is p t e t ; claris i ig i b
o a un r el t u n ns n us v u
5 i f li
n u l t ad mortem d e s t i i Quod i co su
s ve a os n ar . s u
latus tanta d l e d o sit iam nunc ita i n i m m indu u c ,

an u
ca t n l t m c p t m e t Op p e s s m ab t rib
c on su a u a ic i
u r u un a
pote tate esse ; o s l i v e l u t apparitori t rib i i

s c n u ,
u n c o,
1
p e rp e ll i R 5
} : pe pe r ti Q .
9 i i
M a n l u s 0 ( b el o w M a n l o 01V ) M a n l u s ( b e l ow M a n l io ) ii i
n, a nd U w s w i o cl L i 2
, 10 1 03 3
.
p aci g :
p a c s a : fa c is AI
. . . i .
4
M a n li u s III OH R D L M a n l u s P F UB ii .
BOO K 5
—Li v .
5
There was no specie of d i a ter or indignity which s s s
w as t visited u p on the Volsci yet they could not

no ,
be forced into giving battle .
L IV Lucius B uri
. and G aius M anliu were th e ns s
next consuls To M anlius fell the com m and against

.
the Ve i e t e s But there w

n war a truce f forty
. as n o or
years was granted at their solicitation and corn and , ,
a money -indemnity were exacted f them The o .
foreign peace was im m ediately succeede d by quarrels

at home The land law with which the tribunes
.
-
goaded the pl ebs excited them to the pitch o f mad

ne s The con uls t a jot intimi d ated by the con
s . s ,
no
d m e ti na f M e i s not a j ot by the danger o f

on o en n u ,
S e ili rv re i ted the measu r e with the utmost

u s, s s
violence A s their term expired Gnaeus G enuci u a

.
,
s,
pl ebeia n tribune haled them to trial , .
Lucius A m il i and O p it e V gi i s ente r ed

e us r er n u
upon the consulship V p i s J u l i s I find given as . o scu n
consul in certain annals in tead f Ve gi i s This ,

s o r n u .
year— whoeve r its consu l s were — F i s and Manlius ur u
went about among the people as men accused in ,
garment f m o i g seeki g out the yo ger pat r i

s o u rn n ,
n un
i
c a n s,as well as the plebeians They advised them .
,
they warned them to forbea r from o tfi c e -holding a n d

the administration f th e p blic business ; as f th e o u or
co sular fa ces the purpl e bordered toga and th e

n s ,
-
,
curule chair —the e they should regard in no other

,
s
light than as the pageantry f burial ; fo splen d id o r
in ignia like the fillet placed on victi m s d oomed

s ,
s ,
the wearer to death B t i f the con ul hip w o . u s s as s
al luring to them let them recog ize at once that ,

n
it had been fettered and enslaved by th e might

o f the tribune ; that the con ul as though an t
s s ,
‘
tendant up o n those o fficials must be subject in all ,

LI V Y
omnia ad mutum i m p i m q e tribuni agenda esse ; er u u
6 si se mm e i t si
co e s e e it patres
p ov r , si r aliud quam x r ,
p l eb em esse in re publica e d id e i t e i l i m C cr r , x s u n .
M arci M eneni d m t i e m e t mortem sibi propo

,
a na on
7 nat l
ante o l s His c e s i o i b s patres con
cu o . a c n v c u
silia 2 inde non publica sed i privato s e d t q e a ,

n uc a u
p l i
ur um s ie t i h bc on e e c Ubi n cum
a id a modo u r .
co t
ns et iure an i i i e ip ie d o s esse reos atro
ar ,
n ur a r n
,
c i s s im
q e
q e maxime
a ua p l eb t
u sententia nec ac a
,
8 aucto r q m i s audaci f i o i d e e
ua v t Igitur i dien
ac n r ra . n
die cum plebs in fo ro e r ecta e s p e c t t io e s t e t

,
x a n ar ,
mirari primo quod non d s e d e t t ib s ; dein e c n er r unu ,
cum iam mora s s p e t io r fi e e t d e t e it u m a primo u c r ,

rr
ri b s credere e t desertam ac p o d i t m causam publi

u r a
9 cam queri ; tandem qui o b v e s t i vestibul o tribu n i r a
f e u t
ra n u ti t domi mortuum esse i v e t u m
n n an n n .
Quod ubi in t o t m t io e m p t u l i t rumo r s i c u t

a con n er ,
acies f d it duce occiso ita d il p s i passim al n alio

un ur ,
a .
P e ip
ra pavo r tribunos i s e t quam nihi l
c u us nva ra ,
au x il ii s t e leges h b e e t morte c ll g e moni

a c ra a a r n o e a
tos Nc patres satis moderate ferre l e t i t i m ; adeo

. c a a
que e m i e m n i e p n it e b t t etiam i
n ox a tes
aen a u n so n
fe c is s e id e i e ll e t v p l mr
q e vfe e t n ,malo d o a a u rr ur
mandam t ib i i m potestatem r un c a .
1
p ro p o n a t U?g ro
p p on a n t Q .
2
con s ili a n : c on c i li a Gr o n o v .
1
i . e . f r om h is h
om e t h e Fo r um wa s l o we r th n t h r i
a e es
d en ti al pa rt s of R om e .
40 2
LI V Y
LV . Su b hanc pe simi exempli s v i c t o ri a m
1
d il e c t u s
ed i c it u r, p a v e n t i b u s q u e t ri b u n is sine intercessione
2 ulla c o n s u l e s rem p e ra gu n t Tum vero i ra s c i pleb s .
t ri b u n o ru mmagi silentio quam o s l m imperio s c n u u ,
e t dicere actnm e se de liber t ate sua s u s ad anti

s ,
ru r
qua d it m cum G e i una mortuam ac sepultam

re u nu c o
t ib r i i m potestatem
un c a A liud agendum ac cogi .
3 t d m
an quomodo e s i s t t
u , p t i b s ; id autem r a ur a r u
unum co silium esse t se ipsa plebs quando aliud

n u ,
nihil i l ii h b e t defendat
au x Q tt a et a ig i t i
, . ua u or v n
li t e s p p or e o s l i b s e t eos ipsos
a a re r l e b is homi
c n u u
c
p
nes ; nihi l t e m p t i s neque i fi rm i u s si sint qui
con u n ,
cont em t ; sibi q e m q e ea magna atque horrenda

n an u u
4 facere His o ib s alii alios cum incita ent ad

. v c u ss ,
V l e m P b l il i m
o e ro n de plebe hominem quia quod
u u , , ,
ordines d is s t e g e t se militem fi e i d ebe r e

ux e ,
n ar r ,
5 licto r missus est a s u l ib u s V olero appellat t r i con .
b u os C m auxilio nemo esset

n . u o su le s spoliari ,
c n
hominem e t virgas e p e d i i inben t P rovoco i x r .

,
”
n
“
quit ad populum Vo l e o qu o niam tribuni c iv e m r ,
Romanum in o sp e t suo i g i c e d i m l u t qu am c n c u v r s a a n
ipsi in l e c t o suo a vobis t id i Qu o f o c i u s ru c ar . er
c la m it a b a t , eo i n fe s t i u s c irc u m s c i n d e r e et s
p o l ia r e
6 lictor Tum V olero e t p e l e s ipse e t adiuvanti
. ra va n
bus d v o c a t is repulso l ic t o e ubi i n d ig t iu m p ro

a r , n an
h i t i m G
1 h
an c i t i Q v c or a r on o v : . ac u c or a .
ivy m ti
1
L th r i t f
en ri p t b j ti g
ons ano e n s an c e o a c on s c
’
s o ec n
t r i r k l w r th th t h h d p r vi ly h l d i
o se ve n a an o e an a e a e ou s e , n
X xxx iii 3 b t i t d
L II . t pp r th t t h m h d y
. u oes n o a ea a e en a an
p r ri p tiv
esc ri g h t i t h m tt r e n e a e .
404
BOO K I I . LV . 1 —6
LV Immediately followi g this pernicious victory

. n
a levy was proclaimed which the timorousness o f ,
the tribunes allowed the co n sul t o push throu gh s
wi thout ever a veto But this time the c o mmo n s .
were fairly roused to anger more by the silence of ,
the tribunes than by the con uls power They de s

’
cl ed
ar that it w all up with their liberty ; that
as
men had go e back to their old ways ; that with

n
G enucius the tribunician power had su ffered death and

burial They mu t adopt another course and other
. s
plans to resist the patricians ; but the only way was

this that the pleb should un d ertake their own de
: s
fence since they had no one else to help them

,
.
Twenty fou r lictors were all th e retinue f the con

- o
s l
u s,and even these were plebeians N othing was .
more contemptible or weaker i f there were any to ,
contemn ; it was every man own imagination that ’

s
made them great and awe i s p i i g They had incited -n r n .
o n e a n othe r with arguments f thi sort when the o s
c o nsuls se n t a lictor t o a r rest Vo le r o P u b liliu s a ,
p lebei an wh o on the ,grou n d that

, h e h a d b e e n a
centurion denied their right to make him a common
,
soldier 1 Volero called p on th e tribunes W hen no

. u .
one came to aid him the consuls gave orders to trip ,

s
th e man and get out th e rod “ I appeal cried s ,

.
V olero “ to the peopl e since th e tribunes would

, ,
rather a Roman citizen hould be courged with rods s s
be fore their eye than themselves be murdered i n thei r

s
beds by you But the more boldly he shouted the

.
more roughly the lictor fell to tearing ff his clothes o
an d stripping him Then Volero who was himself

.
,
a power ful man and was helped by those he had

called to his assistance beat ff th e lictor and choos ,
o ,
ing the place where th e upr oar of his sympathisers

LI VY
se a c e rri m u s erat clamor
se in turbam c on fe t is ,
eo r
s im m ae c i it
p l m irt s : P r o voco e t fid e m
c a
p l b i s an e
7 imploro A deste cive . adeste m m il it e s ; nih il s, co on
est quod e p e c t e t is tribunos quibus ip s is v e s t ro

x s ,
8 auxilio opus t C oncitati homines e l t i ad p ro e

es . v u
lium se p d i t ; p p e b t q e omne d is c im e
ex e un a ar a u r n
adesse nihil c iq m sanctum non publici fore non

, u ua ,
9 privati iuris H uic t a t e tempestati cum e con

. n a s
s ules o b t l is s e t facile p e rt i sunt parum tutam

u n ,
ex
m i e s t a t e m sine
a i i b s esse V i o l t i s l i t rib s
v r u . a c o u ,
f s ib s f c t is e foro in curiam c o m p e ll
a c u ra t i n ce r ti un u r,
1 0 quatenus V olero e e r e e t i to i m Co ti e sc e t e
x c r v c r a . n c n
d i d e t m l t u cum i n s e
e n u tu m
u c i i s is s e t na vo ar us n ,
e t i i ri s suas vim l e b i V l o i auda

q u ru n ur n
p s u o e
a , ,
r n s
1 1 ciam M ultis fe o it r d i t i s s e t e t ii s vicere seni

. r c e c n n
ores qui bus ira patrum adve rsus t e m e ri t t e m p l e b is

, a
ce t i non p l c u i t
r ar a .
L VI V o l e o e m . m p l e a fav o re plebs p
r n im i s a x ro x
co m i t ii s t ri b u m plebi creat in c m annum qui nu u
2 L P in . i m P F i mar u s l e s habuit . Co t q e
ur u c on u . n ra u
omnium o p i io e m qui e m e d i s p i is anni n n ,

u v x an r or
c on su l ib s p m i s s m t ib
u t m er d b t po t
u ru r una u c re e an , s
publicam ca sam privato dolore habito e verbo u ,

n
quidem i o l t is c o s l ib s o g t i e m tu l it ad p p
V a n u u ,
r a on o u
lum u t pl ebe magi tratus t ib t i s c o m it iis fi e e t u s r u r n .
3 H aud parva res sub titulo prima specie minime
1
It is n ot clea rh w L y o iv su pp os e d a th t t h
e s e o ffi c a l s h a d i
for r b m e ly e en elect e d Pe rh
. a s V ole o
p r
m e e ly a m e d a t r i
ri g b y l g l
s ecu n e a san c ti wh t on a t
t h e s t a e h a d a l wa y s e c o g r
i d i pr ti
n z e n ac ce, v i zth t
. a p l e b e i an m a i rt
g s t a e s s o u l d b’e h
ch by
os en b n on e u t pl b i e e ans Bu t
. th i
s was n o t Li v y s
vi w i l r fr
e as s c ea o m l viii l . .
LI V Y
atr o ci fe re b t sed quae p t ri s o m e m potesta
a u r, a cu n
tem pe r c l i e t i m s ff gi e d i quo v e ll e t tri

n u u ra a cr an s n
4 b un os u fe eta H ic t i i g t i s im e plebi m
rr . u ac on ra s a cu
summa vi e s is t e e t patres nec quae una is ad

r r n ,
v
re i s t e d m erat
s n t i t e c e d e e t l i q i s ex collegio
u ,
u n r r a u ,
au c t i t t e aut
or a s l m aut
p i i
c on
p u m adduci pos u u r nc
set res tame m suo ipsa m l im i e gravis e rt m i ib s

,
o n c a n u
5 in an n um e t h it u P lebs V o l e o e m t ri b
x ra rm . r n u nu
re fi c it : pat r es ad ultimum d im i c t i o i s rati rem

,
a n
v e t n m A p Cl
u ra d i m A ppi fi l i m iam inde a
,
. au u u ,
p t
a e i s c e t m i ib
rn s i r a i s m i f t
n m q e pl
u ebi nv u n es u u ,
co s lem f ci
n u t C ollega c i T Q i t i s d t
a un . . u nc u a ur .
6 P rincipio statim anni nihil prius quam de lege .
a e b tu a S e d u t invento r legis V olero

r sic Lae
g .
,
t o i u s collega eius auctor cum e e t io

r tum c io r r c n r a r
7 e r at F e o c e m f c i e b t belli glo r ia i g e s quod

. r a a n n ,
a e t t i s eius haud q u i q
a m m anu p o m p t i o r erat s ua r .
Is cum V olero nihil p e t e q m de lege l q e e t r

,
ra r ua o u r u ,
i se t t
n i
c o e a b s t i e s
n c o as l m ipse n s t i ne m 1 n u u ,
accu a on
A ppi f m il i e q e s u p e b i s s i m e ac c d e l i s s im e in
a a u r a ru a
8 pl e b e m Ro m m e s s an a cum a p t ib s non con x or u ,

a r u
sulem sed ,
i fi c e m ad c a rne d m et l e d m v x an a ac ra n a
p l eb em c re t m esse ca t e de et
u rudis in militari on n r ,
hom ine lingua non s p p e t e b t libertati im q e u a an o u .
“
9 1taque d e fi i e t e o t io e c n Quando quidem o ra n ,
n n
1
a c c u s a t io n e m C re v i er : in a c c u s a t io n e m Q .
BOOK II . LV I .
3 9
—
fir t sight appeared so harmless but one that com

s ,
l e t l y deprived the patricians

e f t h e power o f using o
p
their client votes to select what tribunes th ey liked
s
’
This measure w extremely w elcome to the plebs ;

as
the Father opposed it with all their might yet th e

s ,
only e ffectual re istance— to wit a veto by some

s ,
member o f th e tribunician college — neithe r consul s

no r nobles were su ffi ciently influential to command .
N evertheless the l egi lation which i t s very impo rt s ,
ance rendered di ffi cult was drawn out by pa rty ,
stri fe to the end o f the year The plebs e elected . r -
V olero tribune the senator thinking the quar r el

: s ,
was sure to proceed to extremities made A ppius ,
C laudius son ,
f A ppiu con ul a man W ho e m
o s, s , s u
popularity with the pleb and ho tility toward them s s s
went back to the struggles between their fathers .
For colleague they gave him Titu Q i t i s s u nc u .
Th e new year w no sooner begun than di cussion

as s
of the law took precedence o f every thing else and ,
it was urged not only by its author Volero but by , ,
his col leagu e L t i well who e advocacy of it

ae or u s as ,
s
was at once fre her and more acrimonious H e was

s .
emboldened by th e great reputation he e joyed as a n
soldier since no one o f that generation s rpassed

,
u
him in physical prowess W hile V olero spoke of .
nothing but th e l w and forbore to inveigh against

a ,
the consul per ons L e t o i s launched out into an

s
’
s ,
a r u
arraignment f A ppius and his famil y as most cruel

o ,
and arrogant toward the Roman plebs B t wh en s . u
he strove to show that the patrician had elected not s ,
a consul but an executioner to harass and tortu r e

, ,
th e plebeians the inexperienced tongue f the s o ldie r

,
o
was inadequate to express his audacity and pi rit s .
A ccordingly when w or ds began to fail him he cried ,

LI V Y
tam 1
facile l o qu o r Quirites quam quod ”
i n qu it , “
, ,
lo t cu u s sum praesto
c ti die adeste Eg hic ,
ra s no . o
aut in c o s p e c t u v e s t ro m o i aut p e fe m legem

n r ar r ra .
O ccupant tribuni templum poste r o die ; c s le s on u
o b il it u e ad i m p e d i e d m legem i n t i o e con n a
n
q as con n
sis t u n t S u m m o v e ri L a e t o ri u s i u b e t , p ra e t e rq u a m
.
qui s u ffra g i u m inca t

n A d u l e s c e n t e s nobiles s t a b a n t.
nihil cedentes viatori Tum ex his p rendi q o s d m . u a
L et i s i b et
a or u C o n sul A ppiu u nega r e ius esse
. s
tribuno in q e m q u m n isi in p l e b e i m ; n o n enim

u a u
populi sed p l e b is c u m m gis t t m esse ; nec ill m a ra u u
ipsum s m m o v e re pro imperio posse more m io m

2 u a ru
“
quia ita d ic t : S i vobis videtu r d is c e d it e Q
a ur , ,
rites Facile c o t e m p t im de iure d is s e e d o per

.
3
n r n
turbare L e t o riu m p o t e t A rdens igitur ira tribu

a ra .
nus i t o e m m it t it ad o s l e m c o nsul l i t o e m ad
v a r c n u , c r
t ib
r m privatum esse l m i t n s sine imperio sine
unu ,
c a a , ,
m gi t t ;
a i l t u s q e esset t i b u
s ra u v o a
s i e t c o t io u r n u ,
n n
om is tn oa t pro tribuno in o s l e m esset e t

ro x c or a c n u
,
concursus h m i u m in forum ex tota urbe c o c i t t e

o n n a a
m l t i t d i i s fie r et
u u S s t i e b t t m e A ppius perti
n . u n a a n
nacia tantam t e m p e s t t e m ; c e t t m q e h d i a r a u u an n
cruento p o e l io foret mi Q i t i s consul alter con

r ,
u nc u , ,
sul ib s t i o d ato t c o ll e m vi si alite r n o n

ar e
g u n
g o u a ,
1
t a m i n s er t e d b y 5 JlI a d m g .
2
i
il lu m p s u m a : il l a m ip s a m (i . e .
p l e b e m ) C o n wa
y .
3
i
fa c l e Dr a ken b or c h fa c l e i et 0 .
1
The w r d t m p l m m i gh t b p p l i
o e u e a ed to any p a c e d u ly
s
m a ked r ff b y g l o rm i au u ra ce e on es . He r ite m e n s th ea
r p l t f rm i t h m i t i m
s p e ak e s
’
a o n e co u .
10
4
LI V Y
p osse n t , de foro ipse nunc
ab d u c e re n t ,
p l e b e m s e v i a ~
e tem
n
p e ib s l e is s e t
r c nunc
u o s s e tn tribun o s u t
,
ra
1 6 concilium d i m i t t e e t : darent irae spatium ; non r n
vim suam illis tempus d e m p t m sed consilium a u ru ,
v i ib
r s u d d it a m e t patres in populi e t
u ru , o s lem c n u
in patrum fore potestate .
LV I I A e g se d ata ab Q i c t io plebs multo

. re u n
,
2 e g i s consul alter a p t i b s
a r u Dim is s o tandem a r u .
concilio p l b is s e t m o s l e s h b e t Ubi m
e na u c n u a n . cu
timor atque ira in i e m sententias variassent quo v c ,
magis S patio i t e p o s it ab impetu ad consul n r o
t and m u b t 1
av o c a e plus b h e b t a certa
an u r, o a o rr an
tione animi adeo t Q i t i o gratias ge e t quod

,
u u nc a r n ,
8 eius opera mitigata discordia esset A b A ppio .
petitu r u t tantam c o s l e m m i e t t e m esse vellet n u ar a s a
quanta esse in concordi civitate po set dum tribuni s
o s l s e ad se quisq e omn a tra b ant nihil relic

u u
c n
q
u e i
,
tum e se viri m in medio ; d i s t t m l c e t m q e

s a ra c a a ra a u
r em publicam ; magis quo r um in manu sit quam t u
4 i c o l m i s sit q
n u e i Appius contra t e s t i deos
ua r . ar
atq e homines r em publicam prodi per metum ac

u
d e s e i no n c o n s u l e m s e
r ,
t i sed s e t m c o s li na u na u n u
d e e sse ; g i o re sra v ip i leges quam in S ac r o monte

ac c
a c c e p t e sint a V ictus t m e patrum consensu q ie

. a n u
1
a v o c ab an tu r a d u o c ab a n t u r -b a u t r M) a .
BO O K I I . LV I . 1
5
—L v n .
4
of the Forum by force i f they could not ach ieve

, ,
it otherwise ; while he him el f now appealed to th e s
raging populace with soothing entreatie and w s, no
bes o ught the tribunes to dismi s the council Let s .
them give their a ge r time : time would not rob n
them of their power but would add wisdom to their ,
strength ; t h e Fathers would be subject t o the

people and the consul to the Fathers
,
.
L V I I It was hard fo Q i t iu s to s till th e

. r u nc D C
. . 471
plebs ; much harder fo the senators to quiet th e r
other con ul A t len gth the council of the pleb

s . s
was adjourned and th e consuls convened th e

,
senate A t this meeting alte rnating hope and fea r

.
gave r ise to con flicting opinions B u t in propor .
tion astheir passion cooled with the lapse f s o
time and gave w y to deliberation their minds mor e

a ,
and more revolted from th e struggle ; insomuch

that they pa sed a vote of thanks to Q i t i s b e
s u nc u ,
cause it was due to him that the quarrel had been

abated Th ey des red A ppius t o be content that th e
. i
maj e t y f the consul should be no greater than was

s o
compatible with harmony in the state pointing out ,
that while tribunes and c o nsuls were each striving

to carry thing his own way there was no strength
s
le ft in the nation at large and the commonwealth ,
was to r n and mangled the question being rather i , n
whose power it was than how it might be safe A ppius .

,
on the othe r hand called gods and men to witness that

,
the state was being betrayed through cowardice d ,

an
abandoned ; that it was not the consul who was fail

ing the senate but the senate the consul ; that har de r
,
terms were b ei g a ccepted than had been accepted

n
on the S acred M ount Nevertheless he was borne .
d o wn by the senate s unanimity and held his peace ’
VO L . I.
LI V Y
vit . Lex silentio p e f t L V I I I Tum primum r er ur . .
t ib t i
r o m i t iis c r eati tribuni sunt
u s c N umero etiam .
a d d itos 1 tres perinde ac duo antea f e i t P iso

,
u r n ,
2 au ctor est N o m i t quoque tribunos C S i c i m

. na ,
n . c u ,
I N it o m ui m M D u i l l i
r u m 2
S p I il i m
,
3 L M e
. u ,
. c u , . a
cilium .
1
‘
3 V l s u m A e q ic m q e
o c
5
inter s e d it i e m Roma
u u u on
na m e t 6 bellum o o t m V t e t agros t si
s c r u . a s av ra n u ,
qua s e e i o p l b i fi e e t ad se e c e p t u m haberet ;
c ss e s r ,
r
4 co m p o s i t i s d e i d e rebus castra retro movere n Ap . .
C laudius in V l s c o s mis us Q i t i A equi pro incia

o s ,
u nc o v
e e it
v Eadem in militia s e it i A ppi quae domi
n . a v a
e e l ib e io quod sine t ib i c iis inculis erat

ss ,
r r r un v .
5 O d i s e p l e b e m pl us quam paterno odio : quid

s ? se 7
vi t m ab ea se unico o s l e electo adversus tribu

c u ,
c n u
n i c i m potestatem p e l t m legem esse quam minore

a r a a ,
co t
na ne
q q u, m tanta patrum
ua spe ua priore s impe ,
6 d ie i t 8
r n s l e ? H aec ira i d ig t i q e fe o e m
c on u s n na o u r c
an i m m ad e u d m s e o imperio e e i t m s t im
v x an u a v x rc u u
labat N e ulla vi domari p t e t tantum certamen

. c o ra ,
7 animis i m b ib e t S eg iter otio e ra n e l

g ge t . u ,
s ,
n e n e r,
c on t m it e
u omnia agere ; nec pudor nec metu
ac r s
c o e c e b t ; si c it i
r aagi vellet agmen t d i s sedulo us , ar u
1 ad d it o s g : ad d it o O .
3
Du il l i u m g
-z Du e l l i u m Q .
8
I c il iu m g : i l i c i u m ( or ll
'
Q i i .
4
M a e c i liu m C o n wa y M e c il i u m ( or m e l ic i u m ) n .
5
A e q u ic u m q u e e t q u ic u m qu e Q .
5
est et 0 .
7
o d io : q id u
?
se We is s en b o rn d o u o d s e (or o d
o i q i o se ) a .
3 i m p e d i e r i n t R h en a n us : i m p e d ie ru n t ( or - a n ) 0 r t .
LI V Y
incedere ; si d h o t t o Operis d s e t omnes s u a r a r a e s ,
a
8 sponte m o t m e m i t t e e indu triam ; praesenti vol

a r r s
tus d e m it t e e tacite p e t e e t e m e s
1 r ,
i t i ra r un x e c ra r ,
u n
victus ille odio plebeio animus i t e d m m e et n r u ov r ur .
9 O mni e
q qi n m c e b it t e
u
p om
p t
ua nihil i m a cum r a r a a
m il it i b s agere a c e t
u i ib s p
, t m e e c i tnm u r on u c o rru u x r u
dicere tribunos plebei c il l s i t e d m e t V ole

,
av an n r u
rone vocare s .
LIX N ihil e m V olsci e s i e b t i s t b t

. o ru n c an ,
n a an
que eomagis s p e t e s idem certamen im o m ra n an ru
adversus A p p i m h b it m e e it m Romanum u a u ru x rc u
2 quod dversus F b i m c o s l e m h b i s s e t
a a C eterumu n u a u .
multo A ppio quam Fabio i l e t i r fuit ; non V o n o
enim vincere tantum o l i t t Fabianus e e n u ,

u x r
cit u s, s ed vinci o l it P roductus in i e m turpi v u . ac
fuga petit cast r a nec ante e s t it it quam signa i fe ,

r n
re tem
n V lsc m m im e t i s vi d it f e d m q e ex
o u un n o a u
3 tremi g m i i s c ed m
a Tum n expres a vis
a ad pug
e . s
n an d m t victor iam a vallo s b m v e e t

u u ho tis u o r ur s ,
satis t m e a p p e e t capi tantum castra militem

a n ar r
Romanum o l u is s e alibi gaudere sua clade atque

2
n ,
4 ignominia Quibus ihil i f t s ferox A ppi ani

. n n ra c u
m u cum in uper s e i e vellet c

s s ti em
q e d o a v r on on u a v
caret c o c ,
t ad c m legati t i b u i q e m
n u rru n e tes u r n u on n
1 d em it t e re s : d i m i t t e re a
“
.
9 i
al b i Weiss en b or n : a l Q : ii a l io
qu i Wa l ter s .
BO O K I I . Lv m .
7
- Li x .
4
if he stood by to enco rage thei work they would u r , 47 1
al l r elax the indu try they had mani fested of their

s
own accord In h i presence they sunk their gaze ;

. s
as h e passed by they cursed him under their breath

till that proud spirit which the hatred f the plebs
,
o
had never broken was at times disturbed A fter

, .
e x hausting eve ry species of severity without e ffect ,
he would have no more to do with the men ; th e

centurions h e said had corrupted the army and h e
, , ,
sometimes sneeringly d bbed them tribunes f th e u o
plebs and Vo l e o s r .
LIX Every one f these circumstances was known

. o
to the V l s i and they pressed their enemy the

o c ,
harder h 0ping that the Roman army would ex

,
h i b it t h e same pirited opposition to A ppius which

s
it had evinced towards the con ul Fabius But s .
A ppius found his men f more unruly than had ar
Fabius f not only were th ey unwilling to conquer

or ,
as the Fabian army had been but they wished to be ,
conquered Being drawn out into battle order they

.
-
,
basely fled and sought their camp ; nor did they make
a stand until they saw the V olsci advancing against
their fortifications and inflicting a disgrace f l laughter u s
upon their rearguard This compelled them to exert

.
themselves and fight with the re ult that the e emy

,
s n
was dislodged from th e stockade in the moment of

victory Yet it was evident enough that the capture
.
o f thei r camp was the only thing at which the R oman
soldiers balked and that el ewhere they rejoiced at

,
s
their own de feat and ignominy These things in no .
wise daunted the haughty spirit o f A ppius But whe n .
he wo ld have gone fu rther and have vented h i rage

u s
upon the army and was issuing order f an a sembly

,
s or s ,
the lieutenants and tribunes gathe r ed hu r riedly about

LI V Y
me utique e p i i vellet i m perium cuius is o m is in
x er r v n
5 consensu o b o e d i e t i m esset N egare volgo militen u . s
se ad c t i e m i t ro s p s s im q e e d i i voces
on on u ,
a u x au r
p o st u l t i
an m t castra
’
u ex V olsco
u agro m o e t v an ur .
bostem i t o e m paulo ante prope in portis ac vallo

v c r
fuisse i g e t i s q e mali non

,
n n
p i i em
u modo sed su s c on
6 apertam s p e i e m b e s i ante o l s V ictu tan

c o v r ar cu o . s
dem quando quidem nihil praeter tempus no ae

,
x
l t
u c ra r e n e m is s
u r, ti er ite r in i s q e t e ma c on on n e u n
diem p o t i i cum i s i s s e t prima l uce clas ico

r n un ar u s , s
7 signum p fe t i i s dedit C u m maxime agmen e

ro c on .
c t i e pli
as r s et
x Volscicart e o d e m signo e
u r, it t i ,
u x c a ,
n o i s s im s
v d i o t r A quibu p e l t s ad primos
a or u n u . s r a u
tumultus e o pavore s ig qu e e t ordines t u b it t na r av u
neque imperia e d i i neque instrui acies po set x au r s .
8 Nemo ullins nisi fugae m e m Ita e ffu o gm i e or . s a n
per s t ge m corporum m m q e e s e e t prius

ra ar o ru u va r u
9 hostis d e i s t e e t s e q i quam Romanus fugere Tan

s r u .
dem c o l e c t is ex dis ipato cursu m il it ib s consul

n s u ,
cum revocando e q i q m suos p e s e c t s es et inn u ua r u u s ,
pacato agro c stra p o s it ; d o c t qu e o t io e i

a u a v a a c n n n
v e t s haud falso in p o d i t o e m e e c i t m militaris

c u r r x r u
d i ip l i e
sc d e s e t e m s ig o m
na ,
ubi signa ubi
r or n ru , ,
arma e s s e t s i g l o s o git s inermes milites signo

n n u r an , ,
LI V Y
am is s o si
g i fe ro s ,
n ad hoc c e n t u ri o n e s d u p l ic a rio s q u e
qui re l i
q u e ra n t ordines v ir
g iecuri per
s c a e s os s
c u s s it ; cetera m u l ti t u do sorte decimus quisque ad

su pp l i c iu m l e c t i .
LX C ontra ea in A equis inter o s l e m ac mili

. c n u
tes comitate ac b e e fi ii s e t t m t Et natura n c c r a u es .
Q i t i s erat lenior e t s e i t i i fe l i o ll e g e quo

u nc u ,
a v a n x c a
i magis g
s d e t ingenio s e ffe c eau t Huic t t e
er uo ra . an a
c on co di e ducis e e it s q e non ausi o ffe e se

r a x rc u u rr
A equi vagari p p l b d m h t e m per agros pa si ;

,
o u a un u os s
nec ullo ante bello l t i s inde acta est p e d E a u ra a . a
om i s militi data est

1
n Ad d b t e t laudes qui . e an ur ,
bus haud minus qu m p e m i gaudent m i li t m a ra o u
animi C m duci tum propter d e m p t ib s quo

. u uc a r u
que p l c t i exercit s re d iit i b i p e t e m alteri

a a or a ,
s ar n
ex e c i t u i dominum datum ab
r e t m em or s s na u an .
V aria fortuna belli atroci discordia domi fo i s q e , r u
annum e t m i ig e m maxime comitia tributa x ac u ns n
effi i t r es maior ictoria s

c un ,
e ti
p e t m i i s quam V u sc c r a n
5 usu ; plus enim d ig it t is m it i is i p s is d e t t m n a co ra c u
est patres e x concilio s m m e d o quam i i m aut

2 u ov n v r u
plebi additum est aut d e m p t m p t ib s u a r u .
t tp d E m i C wy
1
ac a es t ( - )p d
ra e a . a o n s on a : ac e or ae ra e e
( or -a e
) ea ( om i tt e d b y a l l b u t M ) o m n is ( d o m n M , om n es
Q a t ri b u s Q
2
11 ) .
p a t re s A l s c h ef s ki p .
1
T hi w s as g ra n t ed in r e c o gn iti on of u n u s u al v alo u r . So
th e V i t ri
c o a C r oss is a c c om p an e d i by a s m a ll s tip e n d.
BOO K I I . L IX . l o —L X
5
the standard bearers who had lost their standard

- s,
and in addition to these th e centurion and th e e s r
c ip i e tn f a double ration who had quitted their

s o
1
rank to be scourged w ith rods and beheaded ; f

s, o
the remaining number every tenth man w selected as
by lot f puni hmentor s .
LX To contrast with all this in the A equian cam

.
,
p g ai n th ere ub isted between con

s ul ands soldiers s
an emulation o f goodwill and kindne N t only ss . o
w as it atural to Q i t i to be more gentle but

n u nc us ,
the unfortunate harshnes o f his colleague had given s
him the more reason to be content w ith h i own d i s s
position A gain t this complete harmony between

. s
commander and army the A equi ve tured no ppo n O
s it i but su ffered their enemies to devastate their

on ,
field at will and in fact no previo s war had ever

s u
yielded a larger booty from that country This was .
all given to the troops and to the poil were added ,

s s
encomiums which are no less e fficacio s than rewards

,
u
in r ejoicing a oldier s heart Not o ly their leader

s
’
. n ,
but for their leader s sake the Fathers too were ’
, ,
looked upon with greater kindnes by the army when s
they returned Th ey declared that to them the senate

.
had given a parent to the other army a ty r ant ,

.
V arying fort ne in war grievous discord at hom e

u ,
and in the field had characterized the year j ust

,
ended ; but it wa chiefly d istinguished by the tribal

s
as embly a matter more important because the men

s ,
had won a victory in the struggl e which they had

undertaken than in its practical result ; f the lo s s or s
o f dignity to the a sembly it el f caused by the e s s ,

r
moval from it f th e patricians was greater than the

o ,
g ain in treng t h by the plebeians or the loss of it by

s
the Fathers .
LI V Y
LX I . inde annus e e p it L V alerio
T u rb u l e n t i o r x c .
T A m il i o s l ib s cum propter
. e o c n u t mi u ordi , cer a na
num de lege agraria tum propter i dicium A p Gl di n . an

,
2 cui acerrimo adversario legi

,
s m
q pos e so s cau a u e s s
ru m pub l ici agri tam q uam tertio s li s ti e ti c on u us n n ,
3 M D i l l i s e t C m S i c i s diem d i e e
. u u N mq m
. c u x r . u ua
ante tam invisus plebi reus ad i dicium v o t s n ca u
populi e t p l s s arum p l e s p t
s ,
en u m i n m ,
nu a e rn a ru ra r u .
4 P tres quoque non temere pro ullo a c que

a d i i a n s
sunt p Op g t o e m senatu m ie s t t is q
r u na r i di em s a a ue v n c
su ae, ad omnes t ib i c i s p l e b i q e p p i t m r un o e os u O os u
tum ltu modum d m t t in certamine g e m

u s, u ax a e r ssu ,
5 i t
ra a e obici plebi Unus e p t ib s ipse A p C lau . a r u , .
di e t tribu os e t p i h em e t Suum i dicium pro

u s, n c n
nihilo h b e b t l ll m non minae p l e b i non senatu

a a , u s, s
preces p e p e l l e e m q m p t e non modo u t s

r r u ua o u re , v e
tem m t e t aut s p p l e p
u ar e t homines sed meu x re n s a r ,
u t ex con ueta quidem s

p
s i t t t i i s cum ad a er a e o ra on ,
populum agenda cau a e et aliquid l e i e t atqu e s ss ,

n r
6 su b m it t e t Idem habitus ori eadem contumacia

er . s,
in voltu idem in ti,

e spiritu erat adeo u t o ra on s ,
magna pars p l e b i s A p p i m non minus r eum t im e t u er ,
7 q am
u s l e m t im
c one t S emel cau am dixit quo
u u ra . s ,
semper agere o mnia solitus erat accusato rio spiritu

LI V Y
a d e o qu e constantia sua e t tribunos o b s t p e fe it e t u c
p l beem t diem ipsi sua u voluntate p d i e e t

1
trahi ro c r n ,
8 d i de n rem s i e e t Haud ita multum interim tem

e n r n .
poris fuit ; ante tame m quam p d i t dies v e i e t ro c a n r
9 morbo moritur C uiu l d t i m cum .

2 tribuni s au a on e
p l e b i 3 impedire
s e t pleb f d i s l l e m
c o n ar i n u r,
4
s ra u ar o n
honore supremum diem tanti viri l it e t laudatio no u
nem tam aequis ib s m t i d i i t quam au rivi u or u au v V
accu s ti ema d i e t e t e s e q i s f e q e s cele

on au ra ,
x u a r u n
br vit e .
LXI I Eo d m anno V alerius consul cum e e i t

. e x rc u
in A e q o s p fe t s m bo tem ad p e l i m elicere
u ro c u cu s ro u
non po et ca tra opp gnare t d t

ss ,
s P h ib it u es a or u s . ro u
f ed
o t e m p e st
a cum grandine ac t i t ib s e l o as on r u ca
2 d ie t
e c Adm i ti a . m d i d i t signo e e p t i
ra on e e n e au x r c u
dato adeo tranquilla s e e it s reddita u t e l u t nu r n a v

5
mine l iq o de fen a ca tra oppugnare iterum religio

a u s s
fuerit O m i s ira belli ad p p l t i e m agri e t i t

. n o u a on v r .
3 A lter co sul A m il i s in S b i i s bellum g e s s it

n e Et u a n .
ibi quia hostis m e i b s se t e e b t

,
st t i gri o n u n a , va a a
4 sunt I e d ii s d e i d e non il l
. nc m modo sed etiam
n n v a ru
v i m quibus frequenter h b it b t
c o ru , S abini e c it i a a a u r, x
cum p d t ib s ra e i s e t ancipiti p o e l i o d i
a or u o c c u rr s n ,
r
re s i po tero die
s ett l es castra in t t i o loca r u er u ra
g .
5 Id sati s l i visum cur pro vieto

s c on e l in
u
q e re t hos r u
tem integro inde d e e d e s bello

,
c n .
1
p ro d ic e re n t d u c e re n t ( o m L ) Q
OH : p ro d i i c e re n t M : p ro . .
2
l a u d a t io n e m c u m V C o n wa y a n d Wa l t er s : c u m l a u d a
t i o n e m 0 ( b u t R D h a v e c on l a u d a t io n e m c u m , a n d L c o n
.
l a u d a t io n e m ) .
3
ti
r bun p l e b i s V ?
5 i p l Q : t ri b u n u s p l e b i s tr . .
v e l u t l l g-z u e l 0
4 -
c o n a r e n t u r Vg z c o n a re t u r Q
5
. .
BOO K I I . i .
7
-Lx u .
5
prosecuto ; a d so completely did his firmness ove r

r n
whelm the tri b une and the commons that they them s
selves voluntarily adj ourned the trial to a later day ,
and then allowed the a ffair to drag The inte r val was .
not very lo g but be fore the appointed day came

n ,
round A ppius fell sick and died W hen his eulogy .
was being pronounced the tribunes o f the plebs ,
a t tempted to interfe r e but the plebs were not will ,
in g that the funeral -day o f so great a man should be

defrauded of the customa ry honours They listened .
to his p raises with as great goodwill now he w s ,

a
dead ,
as they had heard the living man accuse d and ,
a ttended his burial in c r owds .
LXI I The ame year Valerius the consul having

. s ,
marched with an army against the A equi was unabl e ,
to entice th e enemy into a battle and directed an ,
assa lt p o n their camp This w s foiled by a n aw ful

u u . a
sto rm that descended u p on them with hail and claps

o f thunder Thei r amazement was soon increased on
.
,
th e signal for ret r eat being given by the reappear ,
ance o f o tranquil and cloudle s a sky that as th o ugh

s s , ,
s o me god had de fended the cam p they scrupled t o ,
attack it a second time a n d directed all their hos ,
t i l i t y towards devastating the fields The other c o nsul .

,
A e m i l i u s conducted a campaign in the S abine country

, .
There too the enemy kept within his walls a n d t h e

, , ,
Romans laid waste his fields A fterwards by setting .

,
fire not only to fa rmhouses but even t o the villages ,
where the people lived close together th ey aroused ,
the S abines who having met the pillager and fought

, , s
a drawn battle with them n ext day withdrew thei r ,
camp to a safe r po iti o n This seemed to the consul s .
a su ffi cient pretext fo r leaving the enemy as c o n ,
quered a n d he r e tired e re the campaign had fairly

,
be g u n .
VO L . I.
LI V Y
LXI I I Inter haec bella manente discordia domi
.
c on s le su T N m i i P is . u A V e g i i u s facti
c us r cus . r n .
2 Non ultra id e b t vl t plebes d il t io e m agra

a ur a u ra a n
ria c legis l t i m q ,
uvis p b t cum Vo l s o s
a ue a ra a u r, c
adesse f mo ex i e d iis il l m f g q e gre s t i m

u nc n v a ru u a u a u
cognitum est Ea res maturam iam s e d it io e m ac

. n
3 prope e m pe t em
ru e
p e s s it
n C o s le s c t i r ex r . n u ,
c oa
templo ab s e t ad bellum e d t ex urbe i e

na u ,
uc a uv n
4 tute t q i ll
ra n i o em u et e m p l eb em
r fe ce t c Et ra ru n .
hostes quidem nihil aliud quam p e f s i s vano timore

,
r u
5 Romanis citato , g m i e b e t N m ai i s A t i m
n a un : u c u n u
adversus Vo l s o s V e gi i s contra A e q s p o fe t s
c ,
r n u uo r c u .
Ibi ex i s id prope magna accepta clade virtus

~
n iis
milit m re m p o l p s m e gl e ge t i o s l is e t it i t
a r a a n n a c n u r s u .
6 M elius in V l S S m p e O t u m est ; fusi primo p o e l io

Cl 1 ra r
hostes f g q e in u b e m A t i m t tum res e t

u a u r n u ,
u ra n ,
o
p u l e t i s s im m
n acti Quam
a consul
,
O ppugnare non.
a us s u C e o e m aliud oppidum
,
a n n e
q q ,
m tam n ua ua
7 o p u l e t m ab A t i t ib s cepit
n u ,
Du m A equi Vols
n a u .
ci
q ue R o manos e e c it s tenent S abini usque
x r ad u ,
portas urbi p p l t e s i e s e e De i d e ipsi paucis

s o u an nc s r . n
post d ie b s ab d o b s e it ib s t q e per iram

u u u ex rc u ,
u ro u
c o s l e ingresso in fi i s
n u pl u s cladi m quam i t l e n ,
u n u
rant c e p e ta c ru n .
LI V Y
LXI V Extremo anno pacis aliquid fuit sed u t
.
,
semper alias s o l li it e certamine patrum e t p l e b is

1
,
c a .
2 I rata plebs inte r esse l ib s o m i t i is l it ; c on su ar u c no u
pe r patres c l ie t e s q e patrum o s l e s creati T n u c n u .
Q i t i s Q S e r i li s S im il e m annum priori h a
u nc u . v u .
bent s e d it io s initia bello d e i d e exte r no t ran

2
,
a ,
n
3 quilla S abini C s t m i o s campos citato

. ru
g m i ue n a n
t n s g e s s i cum c e d e s e t incendia circum A i e e m

ra r a n n
flu m e n fe c i s s e t a porta prope C ollina m o e i b s q e

n , n u u
pulsi inge ntes tame m p e d s h m i m p e c o m q e ra a o nu ru u
4 egere Quos S e il i s consul in festo e e it inse

. rv u x rc u
cutus ipsum quidem agmen d ip is i aequis locis non a c
p o t it u
p p l t i , e m oadeo e
u af
f se f ecit u t nihil bello
on u
i t t m e l i q e re t m l t i p l i i q e capta p e d
n ac u r n u ,
re u c u ra a
5 d iret Et in V o l s i s res publica egregie gesta cum

. c
duci tum m il it u m ope r a P rimum aequo campo

s .
S g
i s
ni o l t is u
p gc t m
n a ingenti c ede t i
na m q e u a u r u ,
6 plurim o sanguine Et Romani quia p c it s damno .

,
au a
s e t ie d o
n
p p o i n erat gradum r re t t l is e t
or i salubri ,
u s n ,
u
mendaci o c o nsul fuge r e hostes ab co r nu altero clami

ta n s o c it s s e t c i e m Impetu facto dum se p t t
c n a a .
,
u an
7 vincere icere C ons l m e t e s e n imis instando

v . u u n n
8 e o
r n re t ce r tamen
va signum re e p t i dedit Inte r ,
c u .
l l i it c
1
l li i t so
p i a c ae : so c ae ac s .
9
h a b e n t Gr on o v . : consu le s h ab e n t a .
1
Hel d in t h e cen t ri t
u a e c om iti a.
BOO K I I . 1 . xv 1 . 1 —8
LXI V Towa rds the close f the year there was a

. o
brie f season o f peace but as always on other occasions

, , ,
a peace distracted by th e stri fe of patricians and

plebeians The angry plebs refused to take part i n
.
the consular elections by the votes o f the patri

:
1
eia s and thei r clients Titus Q i t iu s and Quintus

u u nc
S e i liu s were chosen consuls

rv They experienced a .
year like the preceding one dissensions to begin : ,
with then a foreign war and tranquillity Th e S abine s

, .
executed a rapid march across the C s t u m i i plains ru n an ,
bringing fi re and sword to the count ry about the rive r

A nio W hen almost at the C olline G ate and the C ity
.
walls they were beaten back yet they carried o f i m ,
mense S poils o f men and cattle S e il i s the cons l . rv u u
pursued them with an army and though he could not ,
overtake the column itself on ground which was

suitable fo r o ffering battle he d evastated the country
,
so exten ively as to leave nothing untouched by th e

s
ravages f war and returned wit h many times the

o ,
pl u nder which the Romans had l o st Operatio n s in .
the Volscian c o untry too were very succe s ful thanks

, , s ,
both to the general and to his soldiers Firs t there .

,
was a pitched battle in the open field with eno r mous ,
numbers killed and wounded on both sides The .
Romans indeed whose fewness made them feel thei r

,
loss more sensibly would have fallen back had it

, ,
not been fo r a sal utary falsehood t o ld by the c o nsul ,
who shouted that the enemy were r unning a way

on the other wing and so aroused the S pirits o f h is
,
troops The Romans charged and believin g them

.
,
selves to be conquering they conque r ed The consul

, .
feared l est by p r e sing th e enemy t o o ha rd h e

s
might cause a r e n ewal o f the st uggle H e the re r .
fo r e gave the sig n al fo r the r ecall F or a fe w .

LI V Y
pauci dies e l u t t
c e s s e re ,
v a c i t is in d u t n s u t rim q ue
quiete s m p t per quos i g e u a, ex m n ns v is h o m in u m o
n i b s V l s c i s A e q i s q e p O p l i s in castra venit h
u o du u u ,
an
9 d b it
u s si s e san i t Romanos nocte b it u o s
n Ita
er n a r .
que tertia fere vigilia ad ca tra o p p g d v e i t s u n an a n un .
10 Q i t i s sedato t m l t
u nc u quem terror s b it s cxci u u u u u
verat cum manere in t e t iis q ie t m militem

,
n or u u
iu s is s e t H e
s ic m h ,
t m in s t t i o e m e d
rn it
o ru co or e a n uc ,
c i i
o rn c n e s t b i i e sq e in e q i m p s it o s c
u c n e e u u os o an r
ante vall um i b e t s l l i it m q b ostem ad l c e m u o c a u e u
1 1 tenere R e l iq m noctis adeo tranquilla omnia i n

. uu
ca s t i s fuere
r t somni quoque Romanis copia esset
,
u .
V l s c o s S pecies
o m t m p e d i t m quos e t p l ar s a o ru u , u re
esse e t Romanos p t b t fremitus h i it s q e u a an ,

nn u u
equorum qui e t insueto sedente e q it e e t insuper

,
u
au r es agitante s o it s e i e b t intent o s v e l t ad n u a v an , u
i m p e t m h o s t i m tenuit
u u .
LX V Ub i i l u i t Romanus intege r s t i t q e
. n x ,
a a us u
somno productus in i e m fe s s u m tand o e t v igil iis ac s
2 Vo l s m primo impetu p e c u l i t ; quamquam c e s e e

cu r s r
magis quam pulsi hostes sunt quia ab tergo e t , ra n
clivi in quos post principia i t e g i s d i ib s tutus

,
n r or n u
re e p t s fuit
c C onsul ubi ad i i q
u m locum e t m
.
,
n uu v n u
est is t it c ie m M iles e g e teneri clamare e t

,
s a . a r , ,
3 pos e e u t p e c rl i s instare l i e t Fe i s g
rc u s t c a . ro c u a un
equite s ; c irc m f i duci v o ife t se ante signa u us c ra n ur
”
1
T h e R om an s d ivid ed th e n i gh t i t n o fo u r q e u al wth a c es,
b eg i i nn ng at s u n se t.
43 0
LI V Y
i t u ro s . Du mconsul virtute m il it m f e t s
c u n c ta tu r u r u ,
loco parum fi d e s conclamant se i t r s l m o e m q e

n ,
u o ,
c a r u
r es est secuta Fi i in t m pilis quo l e v io re s

. x s e rra ,
4 ardua e a d e e n t vcursu s b r t V l s c u s e ff s is ad
,
u eu n . o u
primum im p e t m m i s s il ib s t l is saxa o b i u ti u
‘
e ac e n a
pedibus i ge it in s b e t e s t b t s q e i c t ib s
n r u un , ur a o u u
c re b ri s e t ex superiore loco
ur S i prope on e r tu m c
g . a
est sinistrum Romanis cornu i e fe re t ib s iam ,

n r n u
gradum consul increpando simul t e m e it t e m simul r a
5 ig nav ai m pudore metum is s e t R e s t it e e primo e x c u ss . r
o b s t i t i s animis ; d e i d e u t o b t i e t e s locum vim

na n ,
n n
pro vi e fe e b t r
1
d e t u l t ro gradum i f
r an , e et
au n n e rr
clamore r enovato m m e t c ie m ; tum ru s s i m co ov n a r u
pe t u capto e n it u n t atque e s p e t i iq it t e m ur x u ra n n u a
6 loci . Iam prope erat t in summum clivi i gu m u u
e vad e e t cum terga h os t es dedere e ff s o q e cu r su

r n ,
u u
p e e
a n
g m i e
a uno f g i e te s
n se
q e tes ue
q c s t is
u n u n a r
incidere I e o pavore castra c p i t

. n Qui V015 a un ur .
7 co r um e ff g e re p t e ru t A n t i m p e t
u t o A ti m
u n u un . n u
e t Romanus e e r it s ductus Px c s c i c m se ss m
c u . au o r u u
dies d e d it u r n ulla o p p gn t i m nova vi sed quod

,
u an u ,
iam inde ab i n felici pugna c s t is q e a m is s is ceci a r u
d e n t animi
ra .
1
im p
v vi f b t C w y d W lt
ro re e re i f r
an on a an a ers : u re s e e
b t n ir
an : f v t W es b vr
re e c e ra n fi b t ei sse n orn : i es re c re an
M a d v ig .
BOO K I I . v .
3
-
7
they were going on be fore the standard s W hile the .
consul was he itating feeling certain f the valour f

s ,
o o
his troops but doubt ful o f the ground the men cried ,
out that they were going and instantly made good ,
their word P lanting their spears in the ground

.
,
that they might be the lighter for the asce n t they ,
went p at a r un The Volsci having discharged

u .
,
thei r javelins at the first on set picked p the sto n es , u
which lay about under their feet and flung them at ,
their enemies as they mou n ted C on fused by thi s .
rain f mis ile from above the le ft wing f the R0

o s s ,
o
mans was nearly overwhelmed and had already begun ,
to retreat when the consul reproaching them at once

, ,
with ra hness and with cowardice succeeded in sham

s ,
ing them out of their fear Fi r t they made a r eso . s
lute stand ; then after holding their grou d and

,
n
returning blow fo r blow they even dared to press ,
forward and renewing their cheers s e t their line

, ,
in motion ; then with another rush they struggled

upward and scaled the height ; and they were just
emerging upon the summit o f th e ridge when the ,
enemy turned and fled Running at full speed and .

,
almost in o e body the pursued and the pursuers

n ,
r eached the V olscian camp which was captured in ,
the panic Those of the V olsci who succeeded i n

.
escaping made fo A t i m and to A t i m marched

r n u ,
n u
the Roman army also A fter a blockade o f fe w .

,
a
days the place surrendered ; the besiege r s had not

delivered any n ew attack but the V olsci h d lost ,
a
hear t from the moment of thei r unsuccess ful battl e

and the captu r e o f thei r camp .
L IB RI II P ER IOC H A
B R U T U S i u r e iu ran d o pop ul u m a d s t r in x it n e m in e m Ro
m ae r gnar p e e a s s u ro s . T a rq u in i u m C o l l a t i n u m c o l l e ga m
s uu m p rop t r d fi it t e a n a em T a r q u in i o r u m s u s e c t u m c o e it
p g
l t
c on s u a u ab d icar se e et civitat c e r
ede B na r g u m
e . o e
d ir ip i i u s s i t , a gr u m M ar t i c o n s e c ra v it q ui ca m p u M
, s ar
tiu s n o m in a t u s e s t . A d u le s c en te s nobi l in q uibu u

es , s s os
q uo q u e et fra t ris fi li o s , q uia c o n i u ra v e r a n t de re c i

p ie n d is
re gib u s , se curi
rvo ind ici cui
p e rc u s s it no . Se ,
V in d ic i o
m fui t
en it ;, cuiu no m in vind ict
lib e rt a t e m d e d ex s e a
app ll ata C m ad v r u r g q ui t t i V i t m
e . u e s s e es , c on ra c s e en u
e t T q i i i m
ar p i i b ll um i t l
u n en s u t it m CO s e n u e ra n , e x e rc u
d uxi t in aci
ss e m A ,
t fi l i S u p rbi e mm t
cu rr u n e o e co or u u s
es t ; mq m t eu anno l ue t P V al riu
a ro n a e u x e ru n , . e s
1
con u l l g m d p
s ti
e ed p p u l u m tu l i t
e C ap i t o
ro v o c a on e a o .
lium d d i t m t P or nna C l i
e ca u m es b llo . se ,
u s n o ru re x ,
e
p ro T arq u in is su scepto cum ad I an i c u l u m v en is s e t , ne
T ib e rim t ra n s ir e t virtut e C o c lit is H

p r o h ib it u s orati est,
q ui ,
dum alii pont e m S u b l i c i u m r e s c in d u n t , s o s E lu tru co s s
s u s t in u it t p ont e e ru p t o ar m atu in fl m s u en s e m i it t d s e a
suo t s ra n s n a v i t . A cc ess it al t rum virtuti

e s e x m p l um in
e
M u io o . cum d f i d m P
Qui m a er en u o rs e n n a ca tra h s os
tium i n t t occi o criba q u m r g m

ra s s e . i t im
s s ,
e e e esse ex s a
v rat
e ,
c onp h i p i t m manu m l t ib
re en su s in q ui n os a a ar us,
b us s a cr ifi t m ratca u i pa u t d i itqetal C C C ,
ex ur ss s es x ue es
e sse .
Q uoru m d m i t i t P or nna p aci con
a ra on e c o ac u s se s
1
P . V ale ri us S igo n iu s : l . u a l e riu s M SS .
LI V Y
d ic io n e s fe e e urr b ll m o m i s it a c c e p t i s o b s id ib u s Ex . q ui
b us g vir o
u n a lo lia
C e d e c e p t is c u s t o d ib u s p e r T ib e rim a d
s uo s tr a n s n a i
v t r ita
e t c u m e d dor nna h onori
e s s e t, a
1
P se
fice e r mi q u tri tatua onata
sse e es s v u
d est A d e rs s T a r
.
q u in i u m u rbu
S p e matinoru
c um L b llum m e x e rc i tu e in
fe re n t e m A ulu icta or ro r
s P o s t u m iu s
2
d t p s p e e
p gu n a v i t .
iu lau iu
App s C h oc
d s e x S a b in is R o m a m t ra n s fu git Ob .
C lau ia tribu
d s a d i e c t a e s t n u m e r u s u e t r i b u u m a m lia t u s
q p
est, u t e s sen t XX I b cum ro t r n x o ob
P le s
.
p p e e s ae s
a li e n u min acru mont

S m con ilio n ni
e m s e c e s s is s e t , s Me e
Agri p p a e a r vocata
s e d i t io n e e I m ri p cum est de . Ag p a
ro t r pub ico
d e c e s s is s e t , p p e p a u p e r t a t e m latu l i n p e n d io e s
est .ribuni
T q uin q u cr ati unt
p l e b is e i ume s Op p d
. V u ls
corum virtut
C ori o li c a p t u m e s t o ra arci q ui
e et
pe Cn M .
,
ob h oc oriolanu
C s v o cat u s e s t lb 3
T La t in iu s , v ir d e p e e ,
. .
c u m in vi s u a d m o n it u s u t d e q u ib u s d a m re l igion ib u s a d
s e n a t u m p e r fe rr e t id
4
p ibu
n e gl e x i s s e t , a m is s o fi l i o ed s
bi i ac u l ctic a
d e l s f t s , p o s tq u a m d e la t u s a d s e n a t u m e a e d em
ill p u r c pto
a in d ic a v e ra t , u s u ed m e e d o m u m re v e rs u s e s t .
C u m On M arciu oriolanu q ui in
. s C s, rat ul u e x ili u m e p s s,
actu
d u x V u l s c or u m f urbi
s e x e rc i t u m h o s t i u m a d m o v is s e t ,
et mi i rimum l a i o t ac r ot ru tra
s s ad e u m p eg t , p s ea s e d es f s
r cati
d ep e b llu atria
e s sen t n e e m p turia mat r
e i n fe rre t , V e e
et V ol mnia uxor
u ab
i m p e t ra v e ru n t c c , u t re c e d e re t .
Le x ga raria ri um atap m l uriu a iu

est Sp
. s C ss s c o n s u l a ris
r ni cr n
eg imi e d a m n a tu s e s t n e c at u s qu e ir o Op il lia
.
5
v g
ob
V e s t a l is viva
in c e s t u m vicini
d e fo s s a e s t Cu m .
ma i q uam rav
V e ie n t e s in c o m m o d i g s amiliag es e ss en t, f
F a b io ru m i d b ll m r n u
e u in
ge e d m d e p o p o s c it m is i t q u e id
tr c nto
e e q ui
s e t s e x a rm a t os , pra t r unu
a d C r e m e ra m e e m
1
l i ed b y e d d
a s u pp .
2
P o s t u m iu s e d d : p o s u m u s M S S
. t .
3
La t i n i u s S igon iu s ti
la n u s M SS
“i d Dr a k en b or ch : e t M S S
.
5
i i ii
Op il li a H er tz : ll a ( l a ) M S S : L i vy , II . .
i
Op p a : D ion H a l . . viii
8 9, 01r¢p fa : Or os
.
’
.
P o p il i a .
S U M M A RY OF B OO K I I
ta k e n h o tag r lin q ui h d t h war O
s es, e f th h s e e . ne o e os
tag t h m i d n C lo lia vad d t h ntin l d wam
es, e a e e ,
e e e se e s an s
acro t h T ib r to h p op l S h w giv n p to
ss e e er e e . e as e u
P or nna b t w r t or d b y h i m wit h mark

se ,
u as f h onour
es e s o ,
an d w pr nt d wi t h
as ese q u trian tatu e A ulu an e es s e . s
P t mi
os u t h d ictator fou g h t a ucc
us e ful battl again t s ess e s
T q i i
ar S u p rb
u n us w h o w ad vanci g wit h an arm y
e us, as n
o f Latin A p p iu C lau d iu cam ov r from t h S bin

s . s s e e e a es
to t h R man O t h i account t h C lau d ian trib w

e o s . n s e e as
ad d d d t h nu m b r f trib w incr a d to tw nty

e an e e o es as e se e
on e T h p l b aft r c d ing to t h S acr d M oun t b cau

. e e s, e se e e e e se
o f th o wh h d b e n n l v d f d bt w r ind uc d b y
se o a e e s a e or e , e e e
th ad vic f M
e i e A g i p p a to c a
o fro m t h ir
en en u s r e se e re
b llion T h ame Agripp a w h n h d i d w buri d
e . e s e e e as e ,
owing to h i p ov rty t t h tat s xp n e F iv , a e s e s

’
e e se . e
p l eb ian tribun
e w r e l ct e d T h V
eso l cian town f
e e e . e s o
C ori l i w e cap tur d b y t h valiant ff rt f Gna u

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a e s e e
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a r, an s e e e n ,
LI V Y
ab h o s t ib u s c i unt A p p iu C l au d iu
as s s . s s c os . cum ad
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e s s V u ls c o s c ntu m ci
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a e x e rc us e u n at u m e s s e t ,
d e c1m u m q u e ue mq m i l it m fu t
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tr a v ru
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ti n
e int r p atr
es e es p l e b e m qu e c o n t in e t .
I N DE X OF NA M ES
I N DEX O F N A M ES
C a s t or, 28 4 , 3 5 6 El i c i u s , see I u p p it e r
C e l e re s , 5 6 En e t i 8 ,
C e re s , 3 5 4 Es q u i l i a e , 1 5 4 3 06 ,
C irc a ( C irc e ) , 1 7 2 Es q u i l i n e , p o rt a , 2 5 4
C irc e i i , 1 9 4 , 3 44 Et ru ri a , 1 2 , 1 08 , 1 3 0, 1 92 , 2 6 4 , 3 3 0,
C l a u d ia t ri u sb vt
( e us), 2 70 ; 3 64, 3 8 2
C l a u d i u s , s ee A p p i u s Et ru s c a re s , 8 0 ; Et ru s c i , 12, et
Cl o e l i a , 2 6 0 ; C l o el i i , 1 06 ; C l o e li u s , p a ss im .
Q , 28 4 E u ga n e i , 8
f v
.
Gl u i l i a o s s a , 7 8 , 3 44 E a n d e r, 20 2 6 2 8 3 0
C l u i l i u s , C , 7 6 , 78 , 8 0
F B GEN S
.
C o c l es , s ee H o ra t i u s A IA 3 82,
b
,
C o l l a ti a , 1 3 4 , 1 98 , 204, 2 06 F a iu s , Q , . 3 7 4,
C o l l a t ini , 136 C o l la t in u s , L . 3 7 8 ; C a eso ( =
T a rq u i ni u s , 1 98 —2 2 4 M . 3 6 2 3 7 0,
C o l l l n a p o rt a , 2 5 4 , 3 9 2 , 42 8 P i c t o r,
m i n i u s , P o s t u m u s , 2 7 4 , 3 26 , 3 2 8 F a u s t ixl u s , 1 8 , 2 0
n s id ius , Q , 3 94
. F e re n t in a , a q u a , 1 8 0, F ere n t i n u m
Co n s u a l i a , 3 4 cap ut , 3 40 ; F e re n t i n a e l u cu s ,
C o ra , 2 7 0, 2 8 6 1 7 4, 1 8 2
b
Go r i o , 3 44 e re t ri u s , s ee I u p p it e r
C o ri n t h u s , 1 6 4 F e ro n i a , 1 08
Co ri o l a n u s , s ee M arc i u s , C n . F i c an a , 1 1 8
C o rio l i , 3 2 6 , 3 2 8 , 3 44 F i c u le a v et u s , 1 3 6
C o rn e l i u s , S e rv i u s , 3 54 F id en a e , 5 2 , 9 6 , 2 7 8
C o rn i c u l u m , 1 3 6 , 1 40 F i d e n a t e s , 5 0, 5 2 , 54, 9 6 , 98
C re m e ra , 3 8 6 , 3 8 8 , 3 9 4 F id es , 7 4
C re u s a , 1 4 F l a v o l e i u s , M , 3 72 .
C ro t o n , 6 4 F o rt u n a , 8 0 ; in u l i e b ri s , 3 5 0
t
C ru t u m e ria , 2 78 ; C ru s u m eriu m , F u fe t i u s , s ee Me t t iu s
g
1 fi P u ri n s , S e x 3 44 ; S p , 3 6 0 ; L ,
. . .
C ru s t u m i n i , 3 4, 3 8 , 42 C ru s t u m ini 4 00 ; P , 406 .
c a m p i , 428 F u si u s 3 Sp 8 4 .
C u m a e , 2 46 , 2 64 , 2 8 6 , 3 3 0
C u re s , 48 , 6 2 , 1 2 4 G AB II , 1 8 2 , 1 8 4 , 1 8 8 , 1 90, 2 08
C u ri a H o s t il i a , 1 06 b
G a i n a v i a , 2 5 4 ; G a b in i , 1 8 4 , 1 8 6
C u ri a t ii f ra t re s , 8 2 —9 4 ; C u ri a t ii C e ga ni i , 1 06 G e g an i u s , T , 3 28 .
( ge n s ) , 1 06 G e n u c i u s , T , 3 9 4 C n , 400, 404
. .
C u rt i u s , M e t t i u s , 44, 46 ; C urt i u s G e ry o n es , 2 6
l a c u s , 48 G ra d i v u s , s ee M a rs
C y p ri n s Vi c u s , 1 68 Gras ci a , 1 9 4
H ADRIAT IOUS , 8
DELP HI , 1 94
H e le n a , 8
De m a ra t u s , 1 2 2
H e ra c l e a , 6 4
Di a l i s fla m e n 7 0 ,
H e rc u le s , 2 6 2 8
Dia n a Ep h e s i a 1 5 6 , 1 58 ,
,
H e rm i n i u s , T , 2 5 0 2 5 4 , 2 6 6 , 2 8 2
Di a n i u m , 1 6 8
.
,
H e rn i c i , 1 8 4 , 2 8 6 , 2 8 8 , 3 5 0, 3 9 8 , 43 0
Di e s p it e r 8 4
H e rs i l i a , 42
D u rl l l u s , 4 1 4, 42 2
H o ra t i a ge n s , 94 ; p il a , 92
H o ra t 11 fra t re 9 8 2—92 ; H o ra t i u s ,
EC ET R AN I V OLSC I , 2 98 M .
,
v
P u l i l l u s , 2 42 , 2 44 , C o c l e s ,
Ege ri a , 68 , 7 4 Eg eri u s ( T ar 2 48 , C , 3 9 0, 3 92 .
q u i n i n s , s o n o f A rru a s ) , 1 22 , 1 3 4, H o s t il i a , c uri a , 1 06 ; H o s t il i u s ,
1 98 Hos t i u s , 44 ; T u l l us , 7 4
I N DEX OF N A M ES
I AN IC ULU M , 1 2 0, 1 2 4, 2 48 , 2 6 0, 2 6 4, M a l it iosa s il v a 1 08 ,
Ma n l i u s T 6 6 ; C n
, .
, .
, 3 6 2 , 3 70, 3 7 4,
I an u s , 6 6 , 1 1 6 3 7 6 ; C , 400 .
I c il i u s S p , 41 4
, . M a rc i u s , C n , C o ri o l a n u s , 3 2 6—3 52 ,
.
Il i u m , 1 4 3 9 6 , 402 s ee a l so N u m a a n d
I n re gil l u m , 2 70 A n cu s
In u u s , 2 0 Mars , 2 , 1 6 , 7 0, 8 8 , 1 2 0, 2 3 8 , 3 7 4
I t a l i a , 1 2 , 62 Gra di v u s , 7 0
I u l i a gens , 1 4 ; I u l n , 1 06 ; Iu li u s M e d u l l i a , 1 2 0, 1 3 6
P ro cu l u s , 58 I u l iu s , C , 3 6 0 . Men e ni u s A gri p p a , 2 7 0, 3 2 2 , 3 3 8 ,
I u l i u s Vo p i s cu s , 400 3 96 M en e ni u s , T , 3 9 0, 3 9 4 , 3 9 6 ,
.
I u lu s , 1 4 400, 402
Iu n ia d o m u s , 2 3 2 ; I nn i n s , L , . Me rcu ri , ae d es 2 8 6 , 3 02
B ru t u s , 1 94-2 04 , 2 08 , 218 , M e t a p o n t u m , 64
2 2 0—2 2 8 , 2 3 6 , 2 40, 2 44 , 2 70 Me t t i u s C u rt i u s , 44 , 46 , 48
I u p p i t e r , 28 , 44 , 4 6 , 6 6 1 1 4, , F u fe t i u s , 78 , 90, 9 6 , 1 00, 1 02
Me z e n t i u s , 1 2 , 1 4
3 7 4 ; El i c i u s , 7 2 , 1 1 2 ; F ere t ri u s , Min u ei u s , M , 2 8 4 , 3 3 0 P , 3 2 8
M
. .
I n di ge s , 1 4 ; S t a t or , 44, M u e i a p ra t a , 2 6 0 ; u ci n s , C
v
S ca e o l a , 2 54—2 6 2
Murci a , 1 2 0
L AB I C I , 3 44
La eto ri u s , M 3 04, 408 , 41 0 N AEVIA , r oa rs 2 54
L arc i u s , S p , 2 5 0, 2 54, 2 6 6 ; T , 28 4 ,
S p , 3 4 4 C , 3 96 , 3 98
a n t in s ,
. .
L a re n t i a , 1 8
v
. .
a ins , Att u s , 1 3 0
L argi u s , T , 2 7 4, 2 7 6 , 3 1 0, 3 1 2
N e p t un u s , 3 4
.
L a rs P o rs i n n a ( P ors e n a ) , s ee No m e n t u m , 1 3 6
P o rs in n a
L a t in a res , 1 4 La t i ni , 1 2 , et
b
Nor a , 3 3 0
N o v a v i a , 1 44
p a s sim P ris c i La t ini , 1 6 , 1 1 6 ,
N u m a P o m p ili u s , 6 2 —7 4 , 1 1 2 1 1 4 ,
1 1 8 1 3 6 ; La t i n u s ( k i n g o f t h e ,
1 2 4 , 1 2 6 , 1 48 ; N u m a M a rc m s , 7 0
,
L a u re n t e s ) , 8 , 1 0, 1 2 Sil i u s , 1 6 v Nu m i ci u s , T , P ris c u s , 42 6
La t i ni u s , T , 3 3 6 , 4 3 6
.
Nu m i c u s , 1 4
.
La e ns a g er, 8 ; L a u ren t i n u s a ge r, N u m i to r , 1 6—2 4

pg Nu m i t ori us , L , 41 4
La u ren t e s , 5 0
.
L au ren t i u m , 5 0
La v i n i a , 1 0, 1 4 L av i ni u m , 1 0, 1 4,
OC T AVIUS M AM ILIU S , 1 72 2 6 8 -2 8 2
O p i lli a , 43 6
Li c i ni u s , C , 3 2 4 S p , 3 6 0
Op i t e r , V ergin i u s , s ee V e rgin i us
. .
Lo n gu l a , 3 2 6 , 3 44
Op p i a ( V e s t a lis ) , 3 58
L u c e res 5 0 1 3 0
Ort o n a , 3 6 0
. ,
Lu c re t i a , 1 98 , 2 02 , 2 06 ; Lu cre t i u s ,
Os ti a , 1 2 2 , 3 3 0
Sp . T ri c i p i t in u s , 2 02 , 2 06 , 2 08
,
2 2 4 2 42 , 2 44 T , 2 44, 2 5 4, 2 7 0
,
.
P , 2 66
.
Lu cu m o L T arq ui ni us P rl s cus ) ,
P AL ATI NU S , 44
P a l a t i u m , 2 0, 2 4, 2 6 , 44, 46 , 1 1 8 ,
.
1 22 , 1 24
1 2 0, 2 48
Lu p erc a l , 20
P a l l a n te u m , 20
Ly ca e u s P an , 2 0
P a l la n t i u m , 2 0
P a l l o r , 98
MAC EDO IA , 8 N P a n ( L y c a e us ) , 2 0
Ma e c i l iu s L 41 4 , .
, P a v o r , 98
Ms es i a s i l v a , 1 2 2 P e d u m , 3 44
I N DEX O F N A M ES
P e l o p o n n e s u s , 28 x b
S a a R u ra , 3 8 6
P i n a ri i , 2 8 , 3 0 P in ariu s , L , 406 . S c a e v o l a , s ee M u c i n s , C .
P is o ( L C a l p u rn i u s , F ru gi ) , 1 9 2 , 3 22
. S c e l e ra t u s V i c u s , 1 7 0
P o l i t o ri u m , 1 1 8 S e m p ro n i u s , A , 2 8 4 , 3 3 0 .
P olu sca , 3 2 6 S e rv il ii 1 06 S erv i li u s , P 2 8 6— 3 1 4;

. .
P o m e t i a , 2 7 0, 2 72 , 28 6 C , 3 8 6 ; S p , 3 92 , 3 9 6 , 400 ;
. .
P o m p i l i u s , s ee N u m a Q , 42 8
.
P o m p t i n u s a g e r, 3 3 0 S e rv i u s T u l li u s , 6 2 , 1 3 8 —1 70, 2 06 ,
P o n t i fi c i u s T 1 b , 3 62 . 2 08 , 2 2 2
P o rs in n a , Lars , 2 44—2 6 8 ; A rru n s , S i c c i u s , C m , 41 4 , 42 2
.
2 64 S i c il ia , 8 , 3 3 0
P o s t u m i u s , P , 2 6 8 , 2 70 ; A , 2 78 , S i c in i u s q u i d a m , 3 2 2 , 3 3 0 T , 3 50
f
. . .
S i c u l u m , re t u m , 1 2
P o t it ii 2 8 , 3 0
, S i gn i a , 1 9 4 , 2 8 6
P ra e n e s t e , 2 7 8 S il v a n u s , 2 3 8
P ro c a , 1 6 S i l v i a ge n s , 1 6 S il i u s , 1 6 v
P ro c u l u s , s ee I u l i u s S p e i ( a e d e s ) , 3 92
P u b l i c o l a , s e e V a l e ri u s , P . S t a t iu s , T , 3 9 6.
P u b lili u s , V o l e ro , 404—408 , 41 6 S t a t o r , s ee I u p p i t er
P y laem e ne s , 8 S u e s s a P o m e t i a , 1 46 , 1 8 2 , 2 98
b
P u ni cu m el l u m , 6 6 S u l p i c i u s , S er , 2 78 .
P y t h a g o ras , 62
N U
T A AQ IL , 1 2 2 , 1 3 8 , 1 44 , 1 6 4
Q UI N C T II 1 06 Q u in c t i u s , T 408 , T a r i u s , S p , 42 ; T a rp e i u s m o n s ,
pg
.
, , .
l
Q u i ri n al i s c o l l is 1 5 4 T a rq u in i a , 1 94 ; T a rq u in n ( t o wn ) ,
f
, ,
Q u i ri n u s 7 0 1 1 6
, , 1 22 , 1 2 4, 1 64 ; ( a m il y ) ,
Q u i rit es 48 58 , 6 2 , 8 2 , 8 4, 9 4, 2 42 ,
, , 3 3 0; T a rq u in i u s , L , P ri s on s .
2 9z L u c u m o ) , 1 2 2 , 1 2 4 , 1 2 6—1 4 6 ,
1 6 4, 2 2 2 ; A rru n s ( ro t h er o f b
P ri s c u s ) , 1 2 2 ; A rru n s ( s o n o f
RA MN N E SES , 5 0 P ri s c u s ) , 1 46 , 1 60; L u ciu s ,
R am n es 1 3 0 b
S u p e r u s , 1 4 6 , 1 6 0- 2 3 8 , 2 66 , 2 6 8 ,
,
R e a S ilv ia , 1 6 2 78 , 2 8 6 , 3 3 2 ; Se t u s ( son o f x
R e gil l u s l a on s , 2 8 4 , 2 8 8 , 3 1 8 b
S u p er u s ) , 1 8 4—1 8 8 , 1 96—2 08 ;
R em u s , 20 22 , 24 A rru n s ( s o n o f S u p e r u s ) , 1 9 4 , b
b
,
R o m a , 4 0, et p a s s i m 2 8 0 ; T it u s ( son o f S u p e r u s ) ,
R o m a n i , 4 0, e t p a s s i m 1 9 4 , 2 8 0 ; T a rg u in i n e C o l l a t in u s ,
R o m u l a ri s fi c u s , 1 8
, s e e C o l l a t in u s
R o m u l u s , 2 0—7 4 , 1 3 0, 1 40, T a t i u s , T it u s , 3 8 , 42 , 5 0, 6 0, 1 08 ,
1 5 2 , 1 70 ; R o m u l u s S i l i us , 1 6 v
R u m i n a l is , fi c u s , 1 8 T e l le n a e , 1 1 8
R u t u li , 1 0, 1 2 , 1 9 6 T e l l u s , 3 54
T e r m i n u s , 1 90
T e rm o , 2 1 0
S AB IN AE, 46 , 48 ; S a in i , 3 4—48 , 6 0, b T h a l a ss iu s , 3 6
6 4 , 7 4 , 1 06 , 1 08 , 1 1 0, 1 1 8 , 1 3 2 , b b
T i e rin u s ( Al a n ki n g ) , 1 6 ; T i er b
1 3 4 , 1 58 , 2 6 8 , 2 70, 2 7 4 , 2 7 6 , 3 00, i n u s p a t er ( ri v er g o d ) , 2 5 0
3 1 4 , 3 1 6 , 3 8 2 , 3 9 6 , 3 98 , 42 4, 42 6 b
T i e r1s , 1 6 , 1 8 , 2 6 , 5 4 , 9 6 , 1 2 0, 1 2 2 ,
S a c er m o n s , 3 2 2 , 3 3 2 , 4 1 2
S a l ii , 7 0, 9 8 3 3 0, 3 9 2
S a t ri c u m , 3 4 4 T i t i e n se s , 5 0, 1 3 0
S a t u rn a l i a , 2 8 4 T re b i u m , 3 44
S a t u rn u s , 28 4 T ri c i p i t in u s , s ee Lu cret i us , S p .
C IC E R O : D E S E N E C T U T E D E A I C I T I A , DE , M DI V IN A T I O N E .
W A F a lc on e r
. . .
C I C E R O : IN C A T IL IN A M , P R O F L A C C O , P R O M R E U N A, PRO S U
L LA .
L o u is E L o rd . .
C I C E R O : LET T ER S t o A T T I C S E O W in s t e d t U . . . . 3 Vo ls .
C I C ER O : LET T ER S T o H IS F R IE N DS . W . G ly n n W i l l ia m s . 3
V o ls .
C IC ER O : P H I LI P P I C S . W . C . A . K er .
C I C ER O : P R O A R C I A P O S T R E D I T U M , DE D O O, DE H AR S H M U
P I C U M R E S P ON S I S , P R O F L A G I O N H Wa tts N . . . .
C I C E R O : P R O C A E C I N A , P R O L E E M A IL I A , P R O C L U E N T I O G N ,
P R O R A B IR I O H G ro s e H o d ge . . .
C IC ER O : P R O GA R L I O , DE P R OV IN C II S C O N S U L A R I R U S , P R O
B AL O BR G a rd n e r. . .
N
C I C E R O : P R O M IL O E , I N P I S O N E M , P R O S C A U R O , P R O F ON T E I O ,
P R O R A R I R I O P OS T O , P R O M A R C E L L O , P R O LI G A R I O, P R O UM
G
R E E D E I O T AR O N H Watts . . . .
C I C ER O : P R O Q U I N C T I O , P R O R O S C I O A E R I O , P R O B OS C I O M N
C OM OED O, C O T R A R U L LU M J H F re e s e N . . . .
C IC ER O : P R O S ES T I O I N V A T IN IU M , . R . G a rd n e r .
U U D U
C I C ER O : N J E Ki g
T SC L AN IS P T AT IO S . . . n .
C V
IC ER O : N O N L H G G w d 2V l ER R I E R A T IO S . . . . re e n oo . o s.
C U N M Pl t
LA D IA 2 V l . . a n a u e r. o s .
C UM
OL D R RU
ELLA : D A H B A h E E S T IC A . E R B OR I R U S . . . s
d E H ff
,
E S F. t . 3 V l
o rs er an . e n e r. o s .
CU U Q H
RT I Y A S, N J C R lf. 2 V l
: I S T OR OF L EX A D ER . . . o e. o s.
F U E S F t
L OR S . d C N U N J C R lf
. . o rs er ; an OR ELI S E P OS . . . o e.
F S
R O N T IN U S :G M d A QU U C E B tt d T RAT A E S an ED CT S . . . en ne an
M B M Elw i
. . c a n .
F N C
RO N N
TO: C R H i 2 V l
OR R E S P O DE CE . . . a n es. o s.
G J C R lf
E L L rU s , 3 V l . . o e . o s .
H O R A C E : OD E S AN D E P OD E S . C . E B e n n e tt
. .
H OR A C E : S A T I R E S EP IS T L E S A R S P O E T I C A , , . H R F a irc l o u g
. . h .
M S
J ER O L
E : E L E C T ED ET T ER S . F . A . W r ig h t .
JU VEN d P U G
AL an ER S I S . . G . R am say .
L Y
IV B 0 F t F G . . os e r, . M o o r e E a n T S a ge a n d A
. , v .
, . C .
S hl i g x
.
c d R M G
es n er an . . e e r ( G e n e ra l I n d e ) 1 4 Vo l s . .
LU N J D D ff
CA . . . u .
LU U W H D R
C R ET I S . . . . ou s e .
MA R T I AL W C A K e r 2 Vo ls. . . . . .
N
MI O R L AT I P OE T S : ro m P U R LIL I U S S N f Y U
R S To R U T ILI U S
N A M A T I AN U S , in c l u d in g G R A T T I U S C A L P U R N IU S , S IC U L U S ,
N E M E S I AN U S , A VI A N U S a n d o t e rs wi t h A e tn a , h an d th e
h
P o e n ix
”
J W ig t D u f a n d A rn o l d M Du f
. . h f . f .
O V I D : T H E A R T OF L O V E a n d O T E R P O E S J H H M . . . Moz l ey .
2
OVI D : FAST I . S ir J a m es G . F ra z e r .
OV I D : H ER OI D ES a n d A M O R ES . G r a n t S h o we r m a n .
O V ID : M ET A O R P O S E S M H . F . J . M i ll e r . 2 V o ls .
OV I D : T R IS T I A a n d Ex PO N T O. A . L . W h e e l e r.
U Cf J
P ER S I S . . U V E N AL .
P N U M H lt i
ET R O I S . . ese ne ; SE N EC A ; A P OC OLO OYN T O S IS .
W H D R. . . ou s e .
PH U
A ED R B (G S A ND A R R IU S re e k ) . B E P e rry
. . .
P U U P l N ix
LA T 5 V S . au on . o ls .
P NY
LI L M lm th
: ET T E R S . e o
’
s T ra n s l a t io n re vi s ed by W M . . L .
H t hiu 2 V l
c ns on . o s.
P NY N
LI U H : Y AT R AL I S T OR .
10 V o l s V o ls I —
V an d IX . H R a e kh a m
. Vo l s . . VI .
V ol X
. . . .
V I II W H S Jon e s
. . . . . . . D E Ei c o lz . . hh .
P R OP E R T I H E Bu t le r U S . . . .
U N
P R D E T I US h
H J T o m s on 2 Vo l s . . . . .
UN
Q I T IL I AN H E B u t le r 4 Vo l s
. . . . .
M N
R E A I S O F OLD L A T I N E H W a r m in gt o n 4 Vo ls Vo l I . . . . . . .
(ENN U I S A ND C A EC IL I US ) Vo l II U ( L I VI S N A E e S . . . , ,
U
P A C U VI U S A C C I S ) V o l I I I U U( L C I L I S a n d LA W S OF X I I
, . . .
B
T A L ES ) Vo l IV ( A R C R AI C
. . .
SAL L U J C R lf
ST . . . o e.
SC R IP T OR E S H A D M gi 3 V lI S T O R I AR U GU S T A E . . a e. o s .
S N
E ECA :A Cf P N
P O C O L O C Y N T O S IS . . ET R O I US .
S N
E ECA :E M R M G mmP IS T U LA E 3 V l O R AL E S . . . u e rs . o s .
S N
E M
EC A : E Y J W B 3 V l
O R AL SSA S . . . a s o re . o s.
S N
E T
EC A : G F J M ill RA2 V l E D IE S . . . er . o s.
SID ON P M dL
I US : W B AN OEN 2V l S an ET T ER S . . . D ER S O . o s.
S U I
IL I S J D D ff
T AL I C U S 2 V l . . . u . o s.
ST AT IU J H M ly 2V l
S . . . oz e . o s.
SU ET ON U J C R lf 2 V l
I S . . . o e. o s.
T A C ITU D GU S : Si W m P t AG
I AL O d ES r e e rs o n R IC O L A an
M
. . .
G ER M i H tt
AN I A . au r c e u on .
T A C ITU H S : A NN C H M d J J k
I S T OR I E S A N D ALS . . . o o re a n . ac s on .
4 V l o s .
T ER E N J h S g
CE t
. 2 V l o n ar eau n . o s.
T ER T U N A L LI A G d D S : T R Gl v P OL O IA an E P E C T A C UL I S . . . o e r.
M F
IN U C IU S G H R d ll E LI x . . . en a .
V A LE R IU F J H M l y
S LA C C U S . . . oz e .
V AR R o : D L NGU L N R G K t 2VlE I A AT I A . . . en . o s .
V EL L E I U SP d R G D A UGU F W
A T ER C U L U S a n ES ES T AE I VI ST I
S h ip l y
. . .
e .
V G
IR IL H R F i l gh
. 2 V l . . a rc ou . o s.
V IT RU U D A H VI U S : F G g 2 V l E RC IT EC T RA . . ra n er. o s .
3
G r e e k A u t h o rs
AC H IL L ES T AT I S S G a s e le e U . . .
A E L I AN : O N T H E N A T R E 011 A U °
NM I AL S . A . F . S c h o lfi e l d . 3
Vo ls .
N
A E E A S T A C T I C U S , A S C L E P I O D OT U S a n d ON A S AN D E R The .
I l l in o i s G re e k C lu b .
A E S C I ES HN C D A d am s . . . .
A E S C YL S H U H W e ir S m y t . 2 Vo l s . h . .
AL C IP H R ON , AE L I A N , P H I L O S T R A T U S : L E T T E RS A R Be n n e r . . .
an d F H Fo e s . . b .
AN D O C I D E S A T I P O , N H N
C f M I OR A T T I C O R A T OR S , . N .
AP O LL O D O R S U
S ir J a m e s G F r a z e r 2 Vo l s
. . . .
NU
A P OLL O I S R H OD I U S R C Sea ton . . . .
T H E A P OS T OL I C F A T E R S H
ir s o p p La k e K 2 Vo l s . . .
N
A P P IA : R O A H IS T OR M N
H ora c e W it e Y 4 Vo l s . h . .
AR ATU s C f C AL L I A C
. S . M HU .
A R I S T OP A N E S H
B e n ja m in B ic k l e y R o ge rs . 3 Vo l s . . Ve rs e
t ra ns .
AR I S T O T L E : A R T OF R E T OR I C J H F re e s e H . . . .
A R I S T OT L E :H N N U N U M N EH
A T E I A N C O S T IT T I O , E D E IA T IC S,
U
V I C E S A N D V IR T E S h
H R ac k a m . . .
N N
A R I S T O T L E : G E ER A T I O NM
O F A I A LS A L P eck . . . .
A H
R IS T OT LE : A M A L P k V l I
I S T OR IA N I M A LI U . . . ec . o . .
A M
R IS T OT L E : HY H T d i k 2 V l E T AP S IC S . . re en n c . o s.
AR I S T OT M G L H D P L
E: ET E O R O L O IC A . . . . ee .
A M N
R I S T OT L E : W W S H tt O C l I O OR OR K S . . . e . n o ours , n
T hi g H nd O P hy i g
s mi O Pl
ear t O M ll n s o no es, n an s, n arv e ou s
b l m O I d ivi ibl Li
,
T hi g H nd M h s i l P ear ec an ca ro e s, n n s e nes ,
X ph
,
O S it
n ti d N m uaf W i d O M li o ns an a es o n s, n e s su s , en o an es ,
and G gi or as.
A N
R I S T OT L E : M H NEH H R kh m IC O AC EA T IC S . . ac a .
A O
R I S T OT L E : d M GN M G C A mEC O N OM IC A an A A O R ALI A . . r
( wit h M t p h y i
.
t
s ro n
g ; V l e a s cs, o .
A O
R I S T OT LE : H N W K C G th i N T HE EA V E S. . . . u r e.
A O
R I S T OT L E : S U P N U O B N T HE H O L . AR VA AT R AL I A . N R EAT .
W S H tt . . e .
AR IS T OT L E :C G O IN P AT E OR IE S , N T E R P R ET A T ION , R I OR
AN Y ALH P C k d H T d
T IC S .i k . . oo e an . re enn c .
A P
R IS T OT LE : AN Y T H T d i k
O S T ER I OR AL T IC S, OP I C S . . re e nn c
and E S F t . . o rs e r.
A O S
R I S T OT L E : H R FU N N OP I S T IC AL E T AT IO S.
On C o m in g t o b e a n d P a s s in g A wa y , On t h e C o s m o s . E S . .
F o rs t e r a n d D J F u r l e y . . .
AR I S T OT L E : P A R T S o r A I ALS A L P e c k ; M OT I O NM . . . N AN D
G
P R O R E S S I O OF A I AL S N
E S F o rs t e r NM . . . .
T H E G R E EK B C OL I C P OET S ( T U H E OC R I T U S, BIO N , M OS C HU S ) .
J M Ed m o n d s
. . .
G R EE K MA T H M E A T I C AL W OR K S . Iv or T h om a s . 2 Vo ls .
H E R OD E S C f T H E OP H B A S T U S :
. AR A C T ER S . CH .
H E R OD O T S A D G o d le y U 4 Vo ls . . . . .
H E S I OD A N D T H E H O E R I C H S H G E e ly n M Y MN . . . v W h it e .
H IP P O C R A T E S a n d t h e F R A E T S OF H E R A C L E I T U S GM N W H S
h
. . . .
Jon e s and E T . . W it in
gt o n . 4 Vo l s .
HO M ER : IL I A D . A . T M u rr a y
. 2 Vo ls . .
HO M ER : OD Y SSE Y . A T M u rr a y
. 2 Vo l s . . .
IS A E U S . E . W . F o rs t e r .
I S OC R A T E S G e o rge N o r l in a n d L a R u e V a n H o o k
. . 3 Vo l s .
ST JO
. HN
DA A S C E E : B A R L A A M A N D I OA S AP H M N . R ev . G . R .
W o o d wa rd , H a ro ld M a t t in gl y a n d D M L a n g . . .
JO S E P HU S . V o l s I —I V ; H T a c k e ra y
9 Vo ls Vo l V . . . . . h . .
Th
.
H a c k e ra a n d R M a r c u s V o l s V I —V I I ; R Ma r c u s
.
y . . . . . . .
Vol . V I II ; R M a rc u s a n d Al l e n W ik gre n
. V o l IX L H
. . . . . .
F eld m an .
UU L IA N . W il m e r Cav e W rig ht . 3 Vo ls .
U
L C I AN 8 V l V l I —V
. A M H m V l VI K o s . o s . . . . . ar on . o . .
K il b
.
V l V I L —V III
u rn M D M l d . o s . . . . ac eo .
LY H N C f C M HU
C OP RO . . A L LI AC S .
LY G
RA I M Ed m d 3 V l
R A EC A . T T . on s . o s.
LY SIASW R M L mb . . . . a .
M N H
A W G W d d ll P
ET OMY T
. BB F E . . a e : T OLE : ET R A I L OS . . .
R bb i o ns .
M U A
AR C U C R H i S U R E LI S . . . a n es .
M N N
E F G A lli
A D ER . . . n s on .
M N I A OR O (AN H N A L
T T IC R A T OR S T IP O , N D OC I D E S , YCUR C US,
D D
EM ADES , H ) K J M id m t d IN AR C H U S , Y P E R ID E S . . . a en an
J O B u rr t
. . . 2 V o ls .
N ON N O S : D I ON Y S I A C A . W . H D R ou s e
. . . 3 Vo l s .
OP P I A N ,
C O LL U T H U S , T R Y P H I OD O R U S . A . W Ma ir . .
P AP R I Y . N ON -
L I T E R AR YS N EL E C T I O S. A . S . Hu nt an dC C . .
Ed ga r . 2 Vo l s . LIT E R A R YS E L E C T I ON S ( P o e t ry ) . D L P a ge
. . .
P AR T E H N I US . C f DAP . HN d C H'
IS an L OE .
PA U N SA IA S : DE S C R IP T I O N G OF R EE C E . W . H S Jon e s . . . 4
V o ls C o m p a ni o n V o l a rra n ge d b y R
. an d . . E W y c e rl e y
. h .
H
P IL O 10 V o l s V o l s I —V ; F H C o l s o n a n d R e v . G H
Vol X
. . . . . .
h
. . .
W it a k e r V o l s V I —IX ; F H C o l s o n . . . . . . . . . F . H .
C o l s o n a n d t h e R e v J W Ea rp . . . .
P H IL O : t wo s u p p l e m e n t a ry Vo l s .
( T ra n s lat i on on l y .
) R a lp h
M a rc u s .
P H IL O S T R A T U S : T H E L I F E or A P OLL O NU I S or T YN A A . F . C .
C o n y b e a re 2 Vo ls . .
P H IL OS T R A T U S : I M A GI N ES ; C AL L I S T R A T U S : DE S C R I P T I O N S . A .
F a ir b an k s .
P H IL O S T R A T U S a n d EU N AP I U S : LI V E S OF T H E S O P IS T S Wi l m e r H
v
.
C a e W r ig t h .
N
P I D AR S ir J E S a n d y s . . . .
P L A T O : C H AR M I D E S , A L C I I A D E S H I P P A R C S , T H E L OV E R S B HU ,
N
,
T H E A G E S , M I O S a n d EP I N O M I S W R M La m b . . . . .
P L A T O : C R A T Y L U S , P A R E I D E S , G R E A T E R H IP P I AS , L E S S E R M N
H IP P IA S H N F o wl e r . . . .
P LA T O : EU T H Y P HR O , AP OL O , C R I T O, P A E D O, P A E D R U S GY H H .
H N F o wl e r
. . .
H
P L A T O : L A C E S , P R O T A OR AS , M E O , EU T H Y D E M U S W R M G N . . . .
La m b .
P LA T O : L A W S R e v B G B u ry 2 Vo l s . . . . . .
Y M UM
P LA T O : L S I S , S G P OS I , G OR I AS Y W R M La m . . . . b .
UB
P L AT O : R EP h LI C P a u l S o re y 2 Vo ls . . .
P S
LA T O : M N P H N F wl I T AT ES A H IL E B U S . . . o er ; ON . W . R M . .
L mb
,
a .
P TH
LA T O : U dS H H N F wl E A ET E T S an OP IST . . . o er .
P T M
LA T O : U C C M I AE S, R IT I AS , LI T O P H O , E NE K ENU S, EP I S T U L A E .
R R G B y
’
ev . . . ur .
P U A H A m t g V l I —I I I
L O T IN S : . . r s ro n . o s . . .
P U
L H M
T AR C 15 V l V l I —V F : Ba it t OR ALI A . o s . o s . . . . C . bb .
V o l VI W C H e l m b o ld V o l s V I I a n d X I V P H De
. . . . . . . . . .
L a c y a n d B Ein a rs o n Vo l IX E L M in a r J r F H S a n d
W C H e lm b o ld V o l X H N F o wl e r V o l X I
. . . . . . . . .
, ,
b h
ac , . . . . . . . . . .
L P e a rs o n a n d F H S a n d a c
. V o l X II H C h e rn i S S a n d . . b h . . . .
W C H e lm b o ld
. . .
U H
P L T AR C : T H E P A R A LL E L L I V E S B P e rrin 1 1 Vo l s . . . .
P OL YB U W R P t 6 V l
I S . . . a on . o s .
P U H
R O C OP I Y W H B D wi g
S : 7 V l IS T O R or T HE A RS . . . e n . o s .
P T O LEMY T BB Cf M N H : ET R A I L OS . . A ET O.
QU N U S
I T A S W y S V t M Y R N A EU S . . . a . e rs e ra n s .
SE X T US E R R G B y 4 V l M P IR I C U S . ev . . . ur . o s .
SOP H F StO C LE S2 V l V t . . o rr . o s . e rs e ra n s .
STRA B G G HY H O: L J 8 V l EO R AP . o ra c e . on es . o s.
TH H U CH
E OP J M Ed m
R AS T d H S : A R A C T ER S . . . on s . E R OD E S ,
t
e c A D K . . . n ox .
TH H U EN Q Y
E OP P N
R A ST Si A th H t S : UI R IN T O LA TS. r r ur or ,
B t 2 V l
ar . o s .
T HU Y C C F Sm it h 4 V l
D ID E S . . . . o s .
T Cf O
R Y P H I O D OR U S . N . P P IA .
X N H N C
E OP W l t M il lO 2 V l : Y R O P A E D IA . a er er . o s.
X N H N H
E OP AN B A O GY d S Y M U M : ELL E N I C A , A A S IS , P OL O , an P OS I .
C L B w
. d O J T dd
. 3 V l ro ns on a n . . o . o s .
X N H N M M
E OP B d O N M U ECM h
O : E OR A IL I A a n EC O O IC S . . . a rc an t .
X N H N S
E OP M N E C M O h t d G W : C R IP T A I OR A . . . a rc an an . .
B o we r s o c k .

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T HE L OEB C L A S S IC AL L IBRA R Y

CAM B R I DGE , M A SSA C H U S ET T S

HA R VA R D UNI VER S ITY P R ESS

P rin ted i n Grea t B ri ta in

T HELatin text o f thi vol me has been set u p s u

from that f the inth edition ( 1 908 ) of Book I

and the eighth edition ( 1 8 94) o f Book I I by W eis .

se n bo and M uller except that the P ioc l e have

been reprinted from the text o f Rossbach

C onway and W alte r s in their critical edition f o

Books I -V ( Ox ford . which is th e source al so

o f a number of readings which di ffer from tho e given s

in th e W eissenborn M uller text d has fu rnished-

besides the materials from whi ch the textual notes

have been drawn p I have aimed to indicate

every in tance where the reading printed does not

re t on th e authority o f one or more o f the good

M SS and to give the author o f the emendation

The M S S are o ften cited by the symbols given in

the Ox ford edition but f bre vity s sake I have

u ually employed two o f my own viz Q and s

m ore f the in fe r ior M SS and early p r inted edi

tions .A nyone who wishes more speciﬁc in forma

editors have placed all students of the ﬁrst decade

of their second volume there will be avai labl e fo r

I have utilized throughout the t ranslations by

Roberts and have occasionally borr owed a happy

expression from the commentaries o f Ed wards ,

C onway and others mentioned in the introduction

The unpretentious n otes in the college editi o n o f

have been pa rticularly useful in pointing out t h e

A cknow l edgments are also due to my colleagues ,

P ro fessors Fairclough H e m p ] C ooper and Briggs

and to P rofessor N oyes Of the University of C ali

F R OM entries in Je ro me s w o rki n g o f the

Ch on ic le of E usebius we lear n that Titus Livius th e

P atavian was born i n 5 9 B C the year of C aesar s ’

ﬁr t cons lship and died in h i native town ( the

modern P adua) in 1 7 A O O f his parents nothing is

known They were presumably well -to do fo r their

son r eceived the training in Greek and Latin

able to devote a long li fe to the unremu erative work n

o f writing . That he was by birth an aristocrat is no

witnessed the c o nquest o f Gaul and C aesar s rapid ’

r ise to lo rdship ove r the Roman world These early .

years h e doubtless passed in his northern home .

P atavium laid claim to great antiquity Livy tells .

us hims e lf in his Opening chapter the legend of its

describes with unmistakable sati faction th e vain s

attempt o f the Spartan C l e o y m u s ( i n 3 02

with equal vigour and success against the aggressions

in the w with Hannibal cast in their lot with

Rome I n 49 B C when Livy was te n years Ol d the

t o wn became a Roman municipality and its citizens

great centre o f trade especially in wool 2

A ugust s was perhaps the wealthiest cit y in Italy

next to Rome to which in some r espects it ,

p r esented a striking cont r ast since the P atavians ,

maintained the simple manners and strict morality

politan capita l W e can n ot say how Ol d Livy was

when he left P atavium but it is probable that his ,

tastes and character had been permanently inﬂuenced

go to Rome with the intention f pursuing there the O