How to decide which data are suitable?

(i) Identify data type(s) needed

As explained above, understanding the risk components, and how we can assess and map hazards,
elements at risk and their vulnerabilities, is a prerequisite. Once we understand the system we are
dealing with, we can decide on the data needed for the job.

(ii) Date of (image data) acquisition (archived, current, future)

Most risk assessment work requires different data, often including historic data (e.g. statistics on
a given hazard phenomenon), recent and older imagery (to detect changes of time), and we might
also need data that have not yet been acquired. Also remember that the natural environment looks
different throughout the year. If you want to map vegetation changes,

(iii) Number of datasets/images needed

How many datasets and images do we need? To assess changes we need at least two, to cover a
larger areas also several images may be required. Some relevant statistics or thematic data may
also be housed in several different databases or datasets.

(iv) Identify possible cost, check budget

While some data may be free of charge, others are very expensive. Once we have our list of needed
data, check how much they cost and if the available budget supports the choice. If not, some data
may have to be replaced with lower-cost alternatives.

(v) Identify relevant source and search for appropriate data

Once you have settled on a final data list, identify the sources for the different data types, and
search for the data you need. Pay particular attention to the suitability of data that you find, for
example with respect to coverage and extent, but also cloud cover.

(vi) Order data, or download directly

In the past most data, in particular image data, had to be ordered and were shipped on tape or
CD. Increasingly the data can now be downloaded directly. However, if your internet bandwidth is
insufficient, you typically can still order data on a CD or DVD. There are also increasing numbers
of repositories for other relevant data, such as on populations, thematic data, or disaster statistics.
Those are introduced further below.