LIABILITIES

OF PHYSICIANS
IN GENERAL

ATTY. JUDY ANNE YUKI YULO, RN,MD

 ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITIES
An administrative action is one by
which a party files a complaint
before an administrative agency to
make determinations of facts in the
performance of their official duties
and to apply the law as they
construe it to the facts so found.

The practice of medicine is a

privilege and not a right.

The privilege granted to the

physician or a health professional to
practice his profession may be
temporarily withdrawn from him to
protect future patients
 ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITIES

JURISDICTION / VENUE :

Professional Regulation Commission

A quasi judicial body whose

decision has the force and effect
of the decisions of a court of law,
with the same authority as a
Regional Trial Court and after the
lapse of the period to appeal the
decisions of the PRC becomes final
and executory.

Board of Medical Examiners

 ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITIES

QUANTUM OF EVIDENCE

Substantial evidence is defined to mean

not necessarily preponderant proof as
required in ordinary civil cases but such
kind of relevant evidence which a
reasonable mind might accept as
adequate to support a conclusion.
 ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITIES
GROUNDS FOR REPRIMAND,
SUSPENSION, OR REVOCATION OF
REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE
(1) Conviction by a court of competent
jurisdiction of any criminal offense
involving moral turpitude;
(2) Immoral or dishonorable conduct;
(3) Insanity;
(4) Fraud in the acquisition of the
certificate of registration;
(5) Gross negligence, ignorance or
incompetence in the practice of his or
her profession resulting in an injury to
or death of the patient;
 ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITIES
GROUNDS FOR REPRIMAND,
SUSPENSION, OR REVOCATION OF
REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE
(6) Addiction to alcoholic beverages
or to any habit forming drug
rendering him or her incompetent
to practice his or her profession, or
to any form of gambling;
(7) False or extravagant or unethical
advertisements wherein other things
than his name, profession, limitation of
practice, clinic hours, office and home
address, are mentioned.
(8) Performance of or aiding in any
criminal abortion;
 ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITIES
GROUNDS FOR REPRIMAND,
SUSPENSION, OR REVOCATION OF
REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE
(9) Knowingly issuing any false medical
certificate;
(10) Issuing any statement or spreading any
news or rumor which is derogatory to the
character and reputation of another
physician without justifiable motive;
(11) Aiding or acting as a dummy of an
unqualified or unregistered person to
practice medicine;
(12) Violation of any provision of the Code of
Ethics as approved by the Philippine
Medical Association.
 ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCEEDINGS
MEDICAL ACT OF 1959, AS AMENDED

1. Presumption of Innocence
2. Substantial Evidence
3. Rights of Respondents
4. Appeal from judgment
5. Reinstatement
6. Penalties
7. Injunctions
 PROCEDURE /RULES

FILING OF CHARGES W/IN 5 DAYS THE BOARD SHALL CONDUCT

UNDER OATH RESPONDENT MD WILL BE INVESTIGATION W/IN 5
FURNISHED W/ A COPY DAYS

CA / SC CERTIORARI

BEFORE AFTER
Notwithstanding an
30 DAYS DECISION 30 DAYS
appeal or petition for
review of the decision of OFFICE OF COMMIS-
the OP, the same is THE SIONER
executory and the records PRESIDENT OF CIVIL
will be remanded to the
SERVICE APPEAL FINAL
department where the
case originated, unless the
CA or the SC issues an
order staying the
execution of the decision. APPEAL CA / SC
 CIVIL LIABILITIES

A civil action is one by which a

party sues another for the
enforcement or protection of a
right, or the prevention or redress
of a wrong. (RULE 1 SEC 3)
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
Cause of Action
A cause of action is the fact or combination
of facts which affords a party a right to
judicial interference in his behalf. The
requisites for a cause of action are:
(a)a right in favor of the plaintiff by whatever
means and under whatever law it arises or
is created;
(b)an obligation on the part of the
defendant to respect and not to violate
such right;
(c)an act or omission on the part of the
defendant constituting a violation of the
plaintiff’s right or breach of the obligation
of the defendant to the plaintiff.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES

The civil liabilities of physicians

fall under these categories:

1. Breach of contract
2. Violation of Articles 19, 20, 21
of the New Civil Code
3. Tort (Quasi-delict or Breach
of legal duty)
4. Civil liability ex delicto
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
Art. 19. Every person must, in the
exercise of his rights and in the
performance of his duties, act with
justice, give everyone his due, and
observe honesty and good faith.

Art. 20. Every person who, contrary to

law, willfully or negligently causes
damage to another, shall indemnify
the latter for the same.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES

Art. 21. Any person who willfully

causes loss or injury to another in
a manner that is contrary to
morals, good customs or public
policy shall compensate the latter
for the damage.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
QUANTUM OF EVIDENCE

Preponderance of Evidence is the

greater weight of the evidence required
in a civil lawsuit for the judge to decide
in favor of one side or the other.
This preponderance is based on the
more convincing evidence and its
probable truth or accuracy, and not on
the amount of evidence.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF CIVIL
PROCEDURE

1. Regular Courts
2. Preponderance of Evidence
3. Rights of Respondents
4. Trial
5. Appeal from judgment
6. Penalties
 CIVIL LIABILITIES

DAMAGES/ PENALTIES/ FINES

Art. 2197 NCC. Damages may
be:
(1) Actual or compensatory;
(2) Moral;
(3) Nominal;
(4) Temperate or moderate;
(5) Liquidated; or
(6) Exemplary or corrective.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
ACTUAL DAMAGES
Art. 2199. Except as provided by law or by
stipulation, one is entitled to an adequate
compensation only for such pecuniary loss
suffered by him as he has duly proved. Such
compensation is referred to as actual or
compensatory damages.

Art. 2200. Indemnification for damages shall

comprehend not only the value of the loss
suffered, but also that of the profits which the
obligee failed to obtain.

Art. 2205. Damages may be recovered:

(1) For loss or impairment of earning capacity
in cases of temporary or permanent personal
injury; 

(2) For injury to the plaintiff's business standing
or commercial credit.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
Art. 2216. No proof of pecuniary loss
is necessary in order that moral,
nominal, temperate, liquidated or
exemplary damages, may be
adjudicated. The assessment of
such damages, except liquidated
ones, is left to the discretion of the
court, according to the
circumstances of each case.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
MORAL DAMAGES
Art. 2217. Moral damages include physical
suffering, mental anguish, fright, serious
anxiety, besmirched reputation, wounded
feelings, moral shock, social humiliation, and
similar injury. Though incapable of pecuniary
computation, moral damages may be
recovered if they are the proximate result of
the defendant's wrongful act for omission.

Art. 2219. Moral damages may be recovered

in the following and analogous cases:
(1) A criminal offense resulting in physical
injuries; 

(2) Quasi-delicts causing physical injuries;******
(7) Libel, slander or any other form of
defamation;
 NOMINAL DAMAGES
Art. 2221. Nominal damages are adjudicated in
order that a right of the plaintiff, which has been
violated or invaded by the defendant, may be
vindicated or recognized, and not for the purpose
of indemnifying the plaintiff for any loss suffered by
him.

Art. 2222. The court may award nominal damages

in every obligation arising from any source
enumerated in Article 1157, or in every case where
any property right has been invaded.

Art. 1157. Obligations arise from:

(1) Law;
(2) Contracts;
(3) Quasi-contracts;
(4) Acts or omissions punished by law; and
(5) Quasi-delicts.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
TEMPERATE OR MODERATE DAMAGES

Art. 2224. Temperate or moderate

damages, which are more than
nominal but less than compensatory
damages, may be recovered when
the court finds that some pecuniary
loss has been suffered but its amount
can not, from the nature of the case,
be provided with certainty.

Art. 2225. Temperate damages must

be reasonable under the
circumstances.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES
Art. 2226. Liquidated damages are
those agreed upon by the parties to
a contract, to be paid in case of
breach thereof.

Art. 2228. When the breach of the

contract committed by the
defendant is not the one
contemplated by the parties in
agreeing upon the liquidated
damages, the law shall determine
the measure of damages, and not
the stipulation.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
EXEMPLARY OR CORRECTIVE DAMAGES

Art. 2229. Exemplary or corrective damages

are imposed, by way of example or
correction for the public good, in addition
to the moral, temperate, liquidated or
compensatory damages.

Art. 2230. In criminal offenses, exemplary

damages as a part of the civil liability may
be imposed when the crime was
committed with one or more aggravating
circumstances. Such damages are
separate and distinct from fines and shall
be paid to the offended party.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
Art. 2231. In quasi-delicts, exemplary
damages may be granted if the
defendant acted with gross
negligence.

Art. 2232. In contracts and quasi-

contracts, the court may award
exemplary damages if the defendant
acted in a wanton, fraudulent, reckless,
oppressive, or malevolent manner.

Art. 2233. Exemplary damages cannot

be recovered as a matter of right; the
court will decide whether or not they
should be adjudicated.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES
Art. 2234. While the amount of the exemplary
damages need not be proved, the plaintiff
must show that he is entitled to moral,
temperate or compensatory damages before
the court may consider the question of
whether or not exemplary damages should
be awarded. In case liquidated damages
have been agreed upon, although no proof
of loss is necessary in order that such
liquidated damages may be recovered,
nevertheless, before the court may consider
the question of granting exemplary in
addition to the liquidated damages, the
plaintiff must show that he would be entitled
to moral, temperate or compensatory
damages were it not for the stipulation for
liquidated damages.
 CIVIL LIABILITIES

Art. 2235. A stipulation

whereby exemplary damages
are renounced in advance
shall be null and void
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES

A criminal action is one by

which the State prosecutes a
person for an act or omission
punishable by law. (RULE 1
SEC 3)
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
CRIMINAL LIABILITIES OF
PHYSICIANS

VIOLATIONS OF:
1. Revised Penal Code
2. Special Criminal
Laws
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES

QUANTUM OF EVIDENCE
Proof beyond reasonable doubt does not
mean such a degree of proof, excluding
the possibility of error or one that produces
absolute certainty. Moral certainty only is
required or that degree of proof which
produces conviction in an unprejudiced
mind.
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

1. Regular Courts
2. Proof beyond reasonable doubt
3. Rights of the accused
4. Trial
5. Appeal from judgment
6. Penalties
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
SPECIFIC CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
OF A PHYSICIAN UNDER THE RPC
Art. 174. False medical certificates, false
certificates of merits or service, etc. — The
penalties of arresto mayor in its maximum
period to prision correccional in its minimum
period and a fine not to exceed P1,000
pesos shall be imposed upon:

1. Any (a)physician or surgeon who, in (b)

connection, with the practice of his
profession, shall issue a (c) false
certificate; and…
Art. 256. Intentional abortion. — Any person
who shall intentionally cause an abortion shall
suffer:
1. The penalty of reclusion temporal, if he shall
use any violence upon the person of the
pregnant woman.
2. The penalty of prision mayor if, without using
violence, he shall act without the consent
of the woman.
3. The penalty of prision correccional in its
medium and maximum periods, if the
woman shall have consented.

Art. 259. Abortion practiced by a physician or

midwife and dispensing of abortives. — The
penalties provided in Article 256 shall be
imposed in its maximum period, respectively,
upon any physician or midwife who, taking
advantage of their scientific knowledge or skill,
shall cause an abortion or assist in causing the
same.
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
Art. 347. Simulation of births, substitution of one child
for another and concealment or abandonment of
a legitimate child. — The simulation of births and
the substitution of one child for another shall be
punished by prision mayor and a fine of not
exceeding 1,000 pesos.

The same penalties shall be imposed upon any

person who shall conceal or abandon any
legitimate child with intent to cause such child to
lose its civil status.

Any physician or surgeon or public officer who, in

violation of the duties of his profession or office, shall
cooperate in the execution of any of the crimes
mentioned in the two next preceding paragraphs,
shall suffer the penalties therein prescribed and also
the penalty of temporary special disqualification.
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
Art. 253. Giving assistance to
suicide. — Any person who shall
assist another to commit suicide
shall suffer the penalty of prision
mayor; if such person leads his
assistance to another to the extent
of doing the killing himself, he shall
suffer the penalty of reclusion
temporal. However, if the suicide is
not consummated, the penalty of
arresto mayor in its medium and
maximum periods, shall be
imposed.
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
Art. 353. Definition of libel. — A libel is public and malicious
imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or
imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or
circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or
contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the
memory of one who is dead.

Art. 358. Slander. — Oral defamation shall be punished by

arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional
in its minimum period if it is of a serious and insulting nature;
otherwise the penalty shall be arresto menor or a fine not
exceeding 200 pesos.

Art. 359. Slander by deed. — The penalty of arresto mayor in

its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum
period or a fine ranging from 200 to 1,000 pesos shall be
imposed upon any person who shall perform any act not
included and punished in this title, which shall cast dishonor,
discredit or contempt upon another person. If said act is not
of a serious nature, the penalty shall be arresto menor or a
fine not exceeding 200 pesos.
 CRIMINAL LIABILITIES
CRIMINAL LIABILITIES UNDER
SPECIAL LAWS

1. FAILURE TO REPORT TREATMENT OF PHYSICAL

INJURIES

- PD 169 AS AMENDED BY EO 212

- BOME is mandated to hear and decide
cases for violation of this law
- Any MD who shall treat patients for
physical injuries defined the RPC shall
report such matters to the nearest
government health authority
 REFUSAL TO RENDER TREATMENT
RA 6615 - AN ACT REQUIRING GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE
HOSPITALS AND CLINICS TO EXTEND MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IN
EMERGENCY CASES
Sec. 3. Any hospital director, administrator, officer-in-charge or
physician in the hospital, medical center or clinic, who shall
refuse or fail without good cause to render the appropriate
assistance pursuant to the requirements of section one after said
case had been brought to his attention, or any nurse, midwife or
medical attendant who shall refuse to extend the appropriate
assistance, subject to existing rules, or neglect to notify or call a
physician shall be punished by imprisonment of one month and
one day to one year and one day, and a fine of three hundred
pesos to one thousand pesos, without prejudice to the provisions
of RA 2382
in the case of physicians. In the case of Government hospitals,
the imposition of the penalty upon the person or persons guilty of
the violations shall be without prejudice to the administrative
action that might be proper. In the case of private hospitals,
aside from the imposition of penalty upon the person or persons
guilty of the violations, the license of the hospital to operate
shall, whenever justified, be suspended or revoked.
 VIOLATION OF BP 702 AS AMENDED BY RA 8344
AN ACT PENALIZING THE REFUSAL OF HOSPITALS AND MEDICAL CLINICS TO ADMINISTER
APPROPRIATE INITIAL MEDICAL TREATMENT AND SUPPORT IN EMERGENCY OR SERIOUS CASES,
SECTION1. In emergency or serious cases, it shall be unlawful to request, solicit, demand or
accept any deposit or any other form of advance payment as a prerequisite for confinement or
medical treatment of a patient in such hospital or medical clinic or to refuse to administer
medical treatment and support as dictated by good practice of medicine to prevent death or
permanent disability: Provided, That by reason of inadequacy of the medical capabilities of the
hospital or medical clinic, the attending physician may transfer the patient to a facility where
the appropriate care can be given, after the patient or his next of kin consents to said transfer
and after the receiving hospital or medical clinic agrees to the transfer: Provided, however, That
when the patient is unconscious, incapable of giving consent and/or unaccompanied, the
physician can transfer the patient even without his consent: Provided, further, That such transfer
shall be done only after necessary emergency treatment and support have been administered
to stabilize the patient and after it has been established that such transfer entails less risks than
the patient’s continued confinement: Provided, furthermore, That no hospital or clinic, after
being informed of the medical indications for such transfer, shall refuse to receive the patient
nor demand from the patient or his next of kin any deposit or advance payment: Provided,
finally, That strict compliance with the foregoing procedure on transfer shall not be construed as
a refusal made punishable by this Act.”
 FAILURE TO REPORT MALTREATED OR ABUSED
CHILD – PD 603, as amended
CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE CODE
Art. 166. Report of Maltreated or Abused Child. - All hospitals, clinics
and other institutions as well as private physicians providing treatment
shall, within 48 hours from knowledge of the case, report in writing to
the city or provincial fiscal or to the Local Council for the Protection of
Children or to the nearest unit of the DSWD, any case of a maltreated
or abused child, or exploitation of an employed child contrary to the
provisions of labor laws. It shall be the duty of the DSWD to whom such
a report is made to forward the same to the provincial or city fiscal.
Violation of this provision shall subject the hospital, clinic, institution, or
physician who fails to make such report to a fine of not more than 2K
pesos. In cases of sexual abuse, the records pertaining to the case
shall be kept strictly confidential and no information relating thereto
shall be disclosed except in connection with any court or official
proceeding based on such report. Any person disclosing confidential
information in violation of this provision shall be punished by a fine of
not less than one hundred pesos nor more than five thousand pesos,
or by imprisonment for not less than 30 days nor more than 1 year, or
both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court.
 VIOLATIONS OF GENERICS ACT OF 1988
Section 6. Who Shall Use Generic Terminology –
(a) All government health agencies and their personnel as well as other
government agencies shall use generic terminology or generic names in
all transactions related to purchasing, prescribing, dispensing and
administering of drugs and medicines.
(b) All medical, dental and veterinary practitioners, including private
practitioners, shall write prescriptions using the generic name. The brand
name may be included if so desired.

Sec. 12. Penalty. - (A) Any person who shall violate Section 6(a), or 6(b) of this
Act shall suffer the penalty graduated hereunder, viz:(a) For the first
conviction, he shall suffer the penalty of reprimand, which shall be officially
recorded in the appropriate books of the PRC. (b) The second conviction,
the penalty of fine in the amount of not less than two thousand pesos (P2,000).
(c) For the third conviction, the penalty of fine in the amount of not less than
five thousand pesos (P5,000) but not exceeding ten thousand pesos (P10,000)
and suspension of his license to practice his profession for thirty days at the
discretion of the court. (d) For the fourth subsequent convictions, the penalty
of fine not less than ten thousand pesos (P10,000) and suspension of his license
to practice his profession one year or longer at the discretion of the court.
VIOLATIONS OF COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUG ACT OF 2002 (RA 9165)
Section 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. – The penalty of
imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20)
years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and the additional penalty of the
revocation of his/her license to practice shall be imposed upon the practitioner,
who shall prescribe any dangerous drug to any person whose physical or
physiological condition does not require the use or in the dosage prescribed
therein, as determined by the Board in consultation with recognized competent
experts who are authorized representatives of professional organizations of
practitioners, particularly those who are involved in the care of persons with
severe pain.

Section 19. Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. – The penalty of life

imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall make or issue a prescription or any
other writing purporting to be a prescription for any dangerous drug.
 LIABILITY IN THE ISSUANCE OF
BIRTH CERTIFICATE PD 766
Sec. 2. Period of Registration of births. The registration of the
birth of babies referred to in the preceding section including
those unregistered births which occurred from March 17,
1975, to November 30, 1975, must be done until December
31, 1975, without fine or fee of any kind. Babies born after
November 30, 1975 and thereafter, must be registered within
thirty (30) days from birth without fine or fee of any kind by
the attending physician, nurse, midwife, hilot or hospital or
clinic administrator or, in default of the same, by either parent
or a responsible member of the family or any person who has
knowledge of the birth. "The parents or any responsible
member of the family and the attendant at birth or the
hospital or clinic administrator referred to above shall be
jointly liable in case they fail to register the new born child. If
there was no attendant at birth, or if the child was not born in
a hospital or a maternity clinic, then the parents or
responsible member of the family alone shall be primarily
liable in case of failure to register the new born child."
 LIABILITY IN THE ISSUANCE OF
DEATH CERTIFICATES
Sec. 5. Period of reporting and registration of
deaths.
….....In case the deceased was attended to
by a physician, the latter must issue the
necessary certificate of death within 48 hours
after death and submit the same to the Local
Health Officer of the place of death, who shall
order its registration in the Office of the Local
Civil Registrar within the said period of thirty
(30) days after death, without fee or fine of
any kind.” The attending physician and
responsible member of the family or person
who has knowledge of the death are jointly
liable to report the death to the Local Health
Officer, for registration by the Local Civil
Registrar of the place of the death.
 LIABILITY IN THE ISSUANCE
OF BIRTH / DEATH CERTIFICATES
PD 766
Section 9. Penalty. Any person required under this
decree to report for registration any fact
concerning the civil status of persons and who
fails to do so, or who deliberately makes false
statements in the birth or death form and presents
the same for registration, or who violates any rule
or regulation which may be issued pursuant to this
decree, and any local public health officer who
fails to perform his duties as provided for in this
decree, or violates any rule or regulation which
may be issued pursuant to this decree, shall upon
conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than
P500.00 nor more than P1,000.00 or imprisonment
of not less than three (3) months nor more than six
(6) months, or both, in the discretion of the court.
SALE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES RA 5921
Section 26. Markings and inhibition to the sale of
drug samples. No sample of any drug, biological
product, device or proprietary medicine, given or
intended to be given for free to the physician and
other qualified person by any manufacturer or
distributor of its representative or detailman as part
of its program or promotion, may be sold. The
statement "Sample, not for sale" shall appear
conspicuously on the container, package or carton
of the drug or device to be given.

Section 40. Penal provisions. Any person who shall

violate …..****shall, upon conviction thereof, be
sentenced to a fine of not less than one thousand
pesos but not exceeding four thousand pesos or to
an imprisonment of not less than six months and one
day but not more than four years, in the discretion of
the court.
 SEXUAL HARASSMENT RA 7877
ELEMENTS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT

• AIM WET IHO

• A – AUTHORITY
• I – INFLUENCE
• M – MORAL ASCENDANCY
• W – WORK
• E – EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT
• T – TRAINING
• I – INTIMIDATING
• H – HOSTILE
• O - OFFENSIVE
 VIOLATION OF THE NATIONAL
BLOOD SERVICES OF 1994 (RA 7719)
SEC. 9. Regulation of Blood Sciences. – It shall be
unlawful for any person to establish and operate a
blood bank/center unless it is registered and issued a
license to operate by the Department: Provided,
That in case of emergencies, blood collection and
transfusion under the responsibility of the attending
physician shall be allowed in hospitals without such
license under certain conditions prescribed by the
Department. No license shall be granted or renewed
by the Department for the establishment and
operation of a blood bank/ center unless it complies
with the standards prescribed by the Department.
Such blood bank/center shall be under the
management of a licensed and qualified physician
duly authorized by the Department.
 LIABILITIES
OF
LAWS QUANTUM
OF
PENALTIES
OR
BODY
OR
PHYSICIANS EVIDENCE SANCTIONS COURT
MEDICAL ACT OF SUBSTANTIAL REPRIMAND, BOARD OF
ADMINISTRATIVE 1959, AS EVIDENCE SUSPENSION, OR MEDICINE (PRC),
AMENDED REVOCATION OF PHILIPPINE
SEC 24 LICENSE MEDICAL ASSOC
ARTICLE 19, 20, 21, PREPONDERANCE DAMAGES REGULAR COURTS,
CIVIL AND 2176 OF THE OF EVIDENCE MTC OR RTC
NEW CIVIL CODE

REVISED PENAL PROOF BEYOND IMPRISONMENT REGULAR COURTS,

CRIMINAL CODE AND REASONABLE OR FINE OR BOTH MTC OR RTC
SPECIAL LAWS GROUND
Thank You
For
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