Name: River Valle, y High Sch Tutorial Topic 8: The struct Ne Biotogy Of Nucleic Acid. ion — Transcription and Translation ren Xietuig deo (HD Class: _2ty(i¢) Date: _2t_/ #6 (2024 Se é ection A: Multiple Chole Questions 1 2 © 3. © If there were 34 amino a bases, what would be the minimum men acids and DNA only contained two types of nitrogenous er of bases per codon that could code for proteins? A 3x B 4 c 6 D ex : (y95/P 1/013} What is an accurate description ofthe coding of protein structure by DNA? : A. Adegenerate, non-overlapping code for the primary structure, determining the location of folding sites involved in tertiary structure. ; B_—_Acode, with several triplets for each amino acid, determining the shape of the a-helix for the secondary structure. ; © 64 different complementary codons used in transcription to make the three-dimensional shape of tertiary structure - D_ Amino acids coded for by three consecutive bases, used with RNA anticodons in translation to determine the quarternary structure. : SPA] The diagram represents an anticodon, CIO Y What do W, X and ¥ represent? w x y A deoxyribose x base phosphate x B deoxyribose x phosphate base D> Cc ribose base phosphate x D Ribose phosphate base INooP2/020) A peptide consists of ten amino acids of four different kinds. What is the theoretical minimum number of tRNA molecules required to translate the mRNA for this peptide? A 4 B 10 c 12 B Dy ao (vo3/P21018) River Valley High School Page 1 of 6 2021 JC1 H2 Biology eral Topic 8: The Structure of Nucleic Acid and Gone Expression — Transcription and Translationce 5 GAATTA3’. Which row i we ile has the sequent ‘ nats! ‘ 1d of | srt of a DNA molecu! SeARNA? 3! CTT : Foe of te coresponding template, MRNA an sen Mat of ee the sequence of mRNA — | the anticodons of {RNA used in nee een] me | mare 5 CUUAAU 3° 5 CUU 3’ and 5' AAU 3} ; eames 5 GAAUUA 3 5 UA and 6' UC 3° = vrai aa § GUU 3! and 5' AAU 3° c SCTTAATS' x 5 CUUAAU 3° 5 eae iD S'CTTAAT 3" X 5'GAAUUA 3 5'UAA 3' and 5° [N12/P1/Q9] 6 The following stages occur in the production of a protein from the DNA code. 1 The base sequence is transcribed. 2 Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids. 081 3 The messenger RNA molecule leaves the nucleus.—> entevetepiaiya oy tvansiat 4 The tRNA anticodons pair with the mRNA codons. Inwhich sequence do they occur? (u98/P2/a18) first jast A 1 3 4 2 B 1 4 2 3 A © 2 3 1 4 D 3 4 2 1 7. Ima genetic engineering experiment, a piece of DNA containing 6000 nucleotides is transcribed and translated into protein. How many amino avis aro required? A 500 B 1000 0002 = 3000 ¢ 3000 eee ace D 4500 8 lus9P2018) 8. An mRNA codon for the amino acid alanine is GCC. How many DNAtemplate: —,, TEG6CcirAceGcecctatécchar 5) A 9 mewn $4 aaclogapushec|cat [audlcaG]uMa 4 C2 ajanine Dee B 9, It has been established that, in many cells, y alanine molecules are present i the polypeptide, containing eight amino acids, coded for by the following DNA template? l96rP2/018) ribosomes occur in chains along messenger RNA molecules. What is the advantage of this arrangement, when compared with a situation in which ribosomes occur singly? A _Agreater variety of polypeptides can be produced. B Fewer transfer RNA molecules are used in protein synthesis, Larger polypeptide chains can be produced. D Polypeptides can be produced more rapidly. D River Valley High School Page 2 of 6 93rP1a11) 2021 JC1 H2 Biology Tutorial Topic 8: The Structure of Nucleic Acid and Gene Expression - Transcription and TranslationRNA, 2 structured Questions carried codon on messenger Section B: an . nticodon of a transfer RNA molecule interacts with @ c * spect ana acid must be attached to the 3" end of the transfer RNA molecule. Ths is cared out by a specific enzyme, which is able to recogni the specific amino acid. Fig, 4.4 shows a molecule of transfer RNA and iis corresponding enzyme eet ise a transfer RNA molecule that tRNA “ Fig 1.1 (a) —_ Explain what is meant by the following terms: (4) (codon; A coden isd ceqnence of since DNA OY ENA muclenfides that Speciically codes fovene sabe acid (except fev “S107 eedonn). tach codon is wortjor ast appeays wo 4ye MENA andisvend nas! te 3 qivection. (i) anticodon sranster RA An evhcoden i a sequence et 3 paces of SBHAMINorrESponds te 4parnculay smd c messeugev PNA (0) ()_—_Exp'ain how the enzyme shown in Fig. 1.1 is specific. 8) sniy enbetrate ofcom plementary shape mitt it tate THe enzyme 1S specific Bec se vaag the active site, bydiepinisef_n4dvephertecornptententarrty. inthis cate, only 4 speciiccemundtion efamimeacid and tRNA is ablero fet te the specific active cife of Ane emdyie. At cuter Hew Ie were othevammoacids ey combinations o{ mpeNA and aminsacids, Hr iteuid be uudble-te frt imfotue ative cite of the eneyine. 2021 JC1 H2 Biology River Valley High School Page 3 0f6 , Tutorial Topic 8: The Structure of Nucleic Acid and Gene Expression ~ Transcription and Translation() (a) vans sepavates.oneel DNA nnwinds and sete ch wept, Free rionnclenside aiphosphates/ pihdewble nei {he DNA double Hel eachacatemplate fevaie fovina{ion sneonA manne e sivand accovaing 4 focomplementar vivonucdentides ave angued along tie ONA ferme ciymevare calaiysestnplnkage of nbsnuclertides Vit ios phoestey tandand elongation ef 4ne RNA twine 5! to 2rarectmn by aad Sion eve ot vowing enamejecule- base-pawinavule. BN strat Separated eke umnlatiey tom th venue! onmuctt¥ des te rnicoenindane LNA peO/mevase. fan ser son feline tte te eter minayinn sequencer tine NA anaperyimerase detaches {igvihvee viays in which transcription differs from translation in protein ‘synthesis. {3 Fe de. nRN AIS Vetensed ane “wancentption rakes pigce ithe nieleas of eukavyotes but hamgation takecpl ace! Rasynines a ietaaprete. tothe eytoplasin atane ne some. The product of franschiption is messengev PNA : crption, tne molecule out fey tvansiation is pelype ptidechain. During “ra! Wwechen ol syutnesis 15 5'10 3 directo of syntnests 156! to 34, bys tov qvanstation, tere 1 Hota spectiedt sve ction of syntiests. Fig. 2.1 represents a polyribosome with several trarlotion sites A TINA / gS Fig. 24 (b) Name the structures labelled A to C. 2B) As SFESEADY Lavoe uvosemell subunit B: mRNA C: polypeptide River Valley High School Page 4 of 6 2021 JC1 H2 Biology Tutorial Topic 8: The Structure of Nucleic Acid and Gene Expressi jon — Transcription and Translationred me two me which are requil (c) Name two molecules, in addition to the molecules shown in Fig. 2.1, i to complete translation. Piboryme and veledie favtoy: a‘ 2) (6) Describe two structural features which adapt {RNA to its role in translation. E se conn pee as nte acempact tavee-damensional swenchuve thats YeHgtty ka c conformation baipste vedure stone windvayee inthe process of tvansiation- 1 AENAAE a loop Enewnastne bese Veceguition site winch eam make specific bare paving with VENA oy uossine. ~ [uo0/P3/04] 3. Fig. 3.1 shows a diagram of a ribosome synthesising a protein - translation. re) polpeptto NA pots FHA, : A (@) Explain how the tRNA binds to the mRNA. ry EBWA binds te BNA mrougH MENA codons iq complementary vate pavings, 4s satanere wi bends tea formed wtiween MEWAcedehs and ENA onti- codons. 4ENA can also only vind fo mBNALF H Ic earrying an ammo acid. itdvege Se (b) —_Descrices th muin features of ribosome structure, 8 and 40% pretemns. te stvnctuve of the ribosome vetlectsuts tumetion of bringing 4ogeiney mpNAS With LENAS cartymng awilnnaeids. AnvoseMeE Iemade up of tw The smancubune has avinding yite fer meM Agua 10 JesUvUITt HAE S¥inding Life fev LENA cuvunits - thelarge aud small subunits. The Mbosome holds the tENA and MENA ‘tore togetner and positions tnenewavatne acid ty Addinon tthe carboxyl endet tepiige vend. Hanen eataryses the fevmationot menew Acingle esise an average sired poly pepdide st aveut sovammineacidsia HA le used te make wnany cries of a polypeptide crmultanerusty, es noieen trahstating ine message attne sametioe, Page 5 of 6 2021 JC1 H2 Biology .d Gene Expression - Transcription and Translation yorving polypep tt Vibosome cay syutn avout 1s. A single PI because q number of yrvosemn River Valley High School : ‘Tutorial Topic 8: The Structure of Nucleic Acid ana State where in the cells ribosomes af° made. ne Nucleolus of se nucleons. ©) sules that make up the jy can be seen ur of the twenty one protein molec jolecules are st the molecule of RNA and fot ree paraaly 50 th Fig 3.2 shows fa ribosome. The individual mt ‘small subunit of clearly. four the 21 etarent proteins Fig. 3.2 (d) Describe in what ways the helical structures that it i Descrbo bw wane are shown in Fig. 3.2 in both RNA a RNA stv chuvers smagie divauded out projein muecules ave madeupo¢ mere than] ve polypeptide cman. Thevecun hydrogenvends formed within the ENA ctructuve, tv L fv bud proferm molecutee Te Gre uuaule-4e ufdvogen ponds win Mewserves [NO1/P3/Q3 and NO6/P2/Q3) Section C: Free Response Questions 4. Describe the role of messenger RNA in protein synthesis. (8) INo3/P2/Q8a) 2. Describe how complementary base pairing is significant to the roles of RNA in the cell. (8) 2021 JC1 H2 Biology Transcription and Transtation River Valley High Schoo! Page 6 of 6 Tutorial Topic 8: The Structure of Nucleic Acid and Gene Expressifoi ZENITH foventin 1000 ez genetic mfevmation mich 5 encoded inte Tr [ Mecsengev EMAS(FNA) YeIt m frolem J4minesis 1s dha HA sHer asia | mane fovonot cadens, the genene inferratinn wisthen be deceded into a Sequernee tarnnsael -topelypeptide- Ale, duving te marnation et polypeptide chai, ca meNA conveys genenie infevination Moms ONA yuuit. Ineation vegas men te S waa eu Pelypeptide fvimation, mENA melteuie oindé te A smsal vibe sadiing site (apn vinding site) en-tne £07 a metuse nine artacned EM ail wibesemajsuominit. THE eng 14 16 waRIVA Kite nto aspectal Wi qu mnitiatoy GeNA switch already Was. Smo nivosomal sub uiart wings with jars codon, Wneve svanslation ef 1ME ord wag vegien o44ne {vansjeente dewnsiventa mrsenich of the AUS E e caving seo dove of aM Incovning LENA mnclecul rapunmaast begin. Ana dung elongation process, am ame. Duving, Heameine acid patvs mith due MRNACE doh in she aveimeacyl=t ron tine revo rome Iuilisthe MENA by ene tod ovr. the 4vans PNA sdeot tne Mot rocatio nn itep requives CMevOY vauclocat veproyidedy my dvolysie of a &TP molecule. Toe MENA 1s moved tnvengie tne meson frerm whieh gr4e 51 diverqion (only) 8M AME MRNA. slong alioncatle 1s vepedted Mint! become reaches Sep Codon on MENA. ‘Tne complementary base-pawting berweon the mewming nucleotides and DNA template dtevmines ine snwelestide sequetne ofshe RNAchalh, Melding YMENA, Pwring Yvanscviptionr ivee Hive Melee tides ave aligned ong due ONA template sand according te cemnementary basecpaiving vue, which wil determine bate sequence of mEN A and MIRNA exdous. The WENA dons will then deterremE determine the ; aa apalypeptde sequence of amine acids duving Fare -anslation , which Will then alfeed tHe genetie information conveyed sow DNA to pelypeptide. This IS soas genetic Infevmnationss enceded wnt MENA ceaons. “rn en genee aE UaSES teenpicorenteporsepanitag of MRNA ceqoin MIRNA eedoUs Alto detevinines ine base Sequentes el LENA AMntteedoris | lensed on complementary vate paving. tk NAmolecules will then vind te mew specific amme acid " as determined by thew anticedon. ouving ine proess of codon Yecoguilion, dneanli codon of an ! | Incsming amine acyl TENA base-pai¥s with the umaplementary MENA cedenin Me Asie. Hydrolysis | 64 GIP mevedses tHe aecnvaicy and efficiency of Ants precese. tRNA molecule alto have an specrattsed aunt coden tet op mich is a specialized base {ripied and. can vind te specific MENA crash Via complementary, base paving, ev transfationef mRNA de take place