Diacreat Suowine ALermate DistexaToss (OF SQUARES ON THE ChUSSHOARD MODERN CHESS STRATEGY ay LUDEK PACHMAN Translated and Abridged »y ALAN S. RUSSELL DOVER PUBLICATIONS, NEW YORKCapri gt yh Ral “rb in he Dated gen by aie Author’s Preface “Tus book doesnot pretend to bea complet textbook ofthe conduct ca cer game elie doe claim fo prevent ane approach to hss rate: ny aim as meey bee o produce a praca! guide {ote sy of the mide-game- Everyone wbo dees to take up ‘hes serio iterated in the question: How can I ecogize the taraceie features of a postion and then iy my Pans ocd Sngy? To help ansncr ths guestion the task hit Dok. "We begin with an examination ofthe pestis ofthe indivi pices and pawns, Then the problem ofthe cee, materi and [pace advactage on «porter scton of thea, pw formas {tonsa some peer probles a he ces struggle are cased. ’Ava found forthe Bok I ave used large tumbero ames spaming many periods of chest, though nally examples Tom teont tournaments predominate It may be acd that my own faes appear wih Comprativ fequency. ‘This not because f Eonsidr tem to beth best example of correct ratgkal pay, but bernie every ches player nrtandtir own games beter than those fates ard can therefore best expan the ovat proces he esperened dering the ame. Lop Pactan Translator’s Preface Ms. Paciwa the Czechoslovak Grandmaster, bs for many years teen a leading Chess expert and theorist on the Consnenty only ‘crt, however have any of is works bon tanlaed into English "The preset book isan abrdgement that attempts to com into ene volume the materi contained inthe thee taimes of “Merye Schachoraregs, the German tandlation of the Ceash signal, Strategie Moderiho Sacha. To do this 1 have omited & ‘ter of games and lft out the opening moves of many ater But om the whos, have avid any amion of es an tees resented by Me Pachnan Auas 8. ResoContents 1. The Basic Concerts oF Curss SrmATECY 'A, Strategy and Tats The Character of the Pos Plea . The Equilibrium of the Position and its Distur ‘bance « : fon and the Choice of UW, The Varwr oF He Pres IML Thar Mixon Pues . ‘Te Bishop and Open Diagonal ‘The Good and the Bad Bishop Unlike Bishops. The Knight and its Operation Base The Strugele of Bishop against Knight 1. The Superiority of the Bishop 2. The Superiority ofthe Knight - ‘The Two Bishops roos> IV. Tis Rooks “The Creation and Meaning of Open Files Orgs Fes a Faso inn Ack agar the ‘The Conversion of Open Files in the Centre and on ‘the Queen's Wing, The Seventh and Eighth Ranks - Active Rooks infront of the Pawn Chain moo we , Te QuEeN AND Pray qr THe Heavy Preces Vi Tae Kise A. The Active King in the Middle-game B. Casting C. The Exposed King’s Position as «Strategic Facior 8 4 4s 31 3 8 os 2B 3B 8 vil. vm, XI xu Coments EXCHANGE OF MATERIA Tue Paws “The Passed-pawn: its Crestion and Conversion ‘The Blockade Special Types of Pasted-pawn ‘The fsolated Pawn ‘The Backward Pawn ‘The Isolated Pawn-pair Doubled Pawns pzrpnee “Tue Centre ‘A. Tho Classical Centre B. The Litde Cente ©. Other Types of Pawn Centre D. Teasion in the Centre FE. Pee Centraization . F. Consol ofthe Central Squares G. The Paslyblocked Centre SUPERIORITY ox THE Wisc ‘A, Pawn Majrity on the Wing B. Piece Concenteaton on the Wing Space Superiority om the Wing D. The Blocked Pawn Chain E. The Flank Attack and the Centre “Te Mivorery ArrACK. A. Struggle for Control of C4 B. The Advance P-QN4 by Black - ©. The Change in Pawn Formation “Tue Straseoicat Poms ‘A. The Pieces in a Forwatd Position B. Advanced Pans (C. Weak Squares in the Pawn Chan 153, ba 19 170 8 it 6 192 197 207 207 2216 207 228 232 236 2s 2s - 282 232 237 260xm. XIV, XY, Contents Dvavwte Euewents ‘A. Lead in Development D. Gain in Time atthe Cost of Material . Co-operation of Pies und Pawns . The Positional Sacrce Metiops oF Coxpuctine THE FiGkT ‘A. Attack and Defence 1. Repulsion of Tactical Threats 2. The Counter-Attack 3. Preventive Defence 1B. Tacking . Technical Conversion of Superiority INDIMDLAL STYLE: PSYCHOLOGICAL PLAY Coxronmiry ax ConTmADicnioN #S CHS Indes of Openings Indes: of Games Bibliography Te mite ae ches ht see reed ese ston iam de Sit ts cing ing ke, we ee tay cate” inst, Sten Eee Atay nae Fim he Me Geme Chet Kinoeh, Pam Power Chat For thus who con read fori language hers of course the three volume ensbrdged tensor of the preset hook. Stee ‘Modeniio Sachs, writen in Cosh, ot the Geman tation ‘Modee Solachraigi. De. ume tus dope good Werk i his Hor Madd ss of twee booklet in Duss thee hve ter trated ito German yds the tle Das Mielpc “Snape sts contninmmcracfivormation ase rumarvs emp canbe found in cere magasie, tourna Socks and enons of inst Two elecois warty of Imenton ate Motor ofthe Chetbord hy Rehan My Bert ‘Gomeref Seri wo volume by Alekhise Both hove wor are ‘lominting om many spect fees state an 2 2282 a3 314 CHAPTER | The Basic Concepts of Chess Strategy 4. STRATEGY AND TACTICS ‘wins ld iwi tht the dierence between the expert ches Byer anc the novice lee inthe extent to Wisk the formes can Elen advances and the quenon of how many moves in ad- vance a Grandmaster ean reckon is oen thrown up for srgument “The ay to caevate corey ondoubedy een forte tops lagers but i not the only one. aed certaly ot the most mporsne diferene betwsen the master and the average Player, There are many payers so have a good command ofthe {rt of accurate combinations, but who il over reach master strength for they lack the ability 10 conduct the ere game on the bass of correct plan tak out fn advance. The eaeuaton of arcular varations fs only possible, and. nocesay, in cerain ‘Sarl defined ponitons; in ot eases one's overall lan of play 8 {he comet pointer to finding ten move ‘The pan of play at parkulas point in the game i cal the sutogeal plate gin which ld ut te collin of Principles we follow ini determination, i» Known a8 tategy {Thee terme. and bers lke state goal and tacts, ave He se eng asin the scence of warfar,plital selene, et Tt mght be thought thatthe straepeal goin every gue was the matingof the opponing King. Arde nes sch perf em: rehonson of Rtsegypreeled Inthe early aye of the magery im of chow.” Nowadiys, however, chase has improved and ideashavebecome more profound Inthe gmt of good Payers ven the winning of « weak pawn no longer appears with eqaracy a8 Steageal goal; more often smal postonal advantage (ch central of an open file, the weakening of un opposing pawn, or the ‘reation of plsedspawn) the object for whch a payer Puts UP a bier gb Tels hardly osesay oad tht the best of plans come to nothing itthey are not cared out correctly, this applic in hes asin ie ‘The colton of measures an methods for exeeting one's strat a plan or thwaring the opponen’s fs called tacts. To this BSG Seong manoeuvres, combirations and ssrifees, as wel asPachman's Modera Chest Strategy double attack, inning, discovered check, traps, ete. To deal with these concep in detail is, however, not the tsk of this book, ‘though the feader will become familar with them by studying the ‘games and examples given in the following pages. 1B. THE CHARACTER OF THE POSITION AND CHOICE OF PLAN “he choice of plan is in every case dependeat on the consrcte poshion on the Bou mun tettorcorespond vo that potion, ‘Fo judge a postion corecly and recognise porate an essential protege for ning sae strategie plan We ‘hecefore ak what factors dstrmine the character of poston and how the Seuepcal plan can thereby he deduced. Naturally tis ‘cannot be answered in one chapsr tthe Basic question with which the whe of the ok i onterncd. But we can bry 549 that the character of « posdon is teri’ by the folowing factors 1. The material slaonship: that is, material equality othe nae superiority of ae se 2 "The power of the ini ies. 3 The gut of he india pawns. 44 The postion of tho pawns; thatthe pawn srtur, 5: The postion of the Kings '. Cocoperation amongst the pists and pasa Some ofthe factors that determine the chaser ofthe poston ae lasing, others temporary. Am important lasting factor st ality an poston of the pa, for thee sonnos in soot thepices, been taken from one de ofthe Doar tothe others the poutions of the pawns as a rule only change gradually, whereas The pees can mot take up a new post wihoat undve difeuty ‘Ar real we have the apparent contradiction thats the paw, spite their elaivey sll valu, which lrgely determine te Staracter ofthe postion. Other Ising ctor se material sper ‘ny and, in many essen, the poston of the Kings ow let ws lok at some postions and ase how thir chaacers sare determined an how the cortest seeps plas chow. Tm Diagram 1 we have a poston froma rarely payed variation ‘ofthe Ray Lopez. In practice tis peston has ot yet been Sl ‘Setly tid out and the theoretcnns have dering views on We norce that Back has 4 material vantage of to pawns, noe counting that on uS,which samot be hells he however behind ‘The Base Canceps of Chess Strategy in development ard his pieces are passively placed. White, on the ‘other hand, has his Quesn, Knight and Bishop actively placed, and his Rooks are ready to join in the Hight along any of the open les, ‘These factors determine the character ofthe postion and point £0 the plan to be adopted by both players, whit us fallows— 1, White must use his beter posted pies to create tatial threats and £9 launch a dee onslaught'on the opposing Kings ‘yplcal threats would be BX QP, Q-KRS, R-KI, N-KNS, te 2. Black musi atemps to patry the immediate threats, somplete his development, and convert hi material advantage by split cation Duna Dior 2 aw gnenatEt ae fh bie a ae & Bote a Ems ees ae wis only by accurate and deep analysis ofthe possbiites of both players tht wo can stale whether White or Black hat the better prospects with his plan. But We are not interested in thi at the Fromont; we are much more concerned withthe fact that a lasting actos (atrial advantage) was ped ageins a temporary one ead in development and actively placed pices). The forme fa strate sical factor the later dynamic fator. Inthe last example these factors were opposed to one anather and demanded a quite diferent plan from each se ‘In Diagram 2 we again have a posiion feom the Ruy Lopez Here the material sequal and both sides have the same nimber of pleces developed. ‘What pan should be adopted by each player? “The chi factor hare is the aspmtetrcal postion of the pawns. we dite the boat int by line between the King and Queen files we see that Black as Tour ans against White's tres on the ‘Queensde, whereas on the Kingide the postion is revered ‘Another important fator is Whites paw on eS, which, having ‘crossed the demarcation line," restricts Black's movements on the 3