Page NO.

*COORSE NAME: Bse Agoiu

Dale io
CHOns) (200-2 Feb, 202
*YEAR/SEMESTER: 4e,1hsemts Time. 1L An
15 30 PM
EXAM ROLL NO: 20230AG CO0
PAPER CODE AGR-111
PAER tttIE FUndamental o
Agre mom

Cherac teristiis e bod seod Mabrias5istablishing

vig eOuS
cTop stads wth selecting gocd gvalty secs

cuality
Ocoty [ced tsnme Umorm trop stard esrklishre
wuiA umtorm v9our ond opeylation Per unIt
unit eTeg

Sdlectionso good Seed is, thesefere. o Prime

mporkane for rernbmerratie Top Produckien
Mager seeds
Major qua-lty chamecteris fic3 inckude
Lmprove Variely : 1 sheuJd be ScReTio o
existing|
Cnes. sheuleaise sgiels

Pote ntion he regi0 uhere it 9Teum.

aene dic PerriBy' T+ *ters t he trueme S3
ras liret n inate. Jiela
Phy sicl puriky: I+ should e ee trom
evti etie o
ohey
he Cop, Chey
 Lage 2
CTOP Joed, weed seed s, reken srcds omd

ntet maferice
Motudy The seed mus -be noY ves
mad ur y Crop
Fse rom
4ro sfovorge Psls ena Secd b r

dis cae s The Se ea nns be ree 1rom est

Ond iseose Potho qenS r op tinnv ond
e afablishontnt

ree rom dormancy: T shad evnimefive

within stipae bie hen
5own under ptnu
Comdition
Onitor mty :Secds musk union
ur n Size
3hape ono coa ur.

Percentage o germi'nolim High Percmlage

Jermmatiom
c98-31 A) tr de guo.te stond establi shomed.
1-6) METHOD 0 sEEDInlá / PLANTIN6
In general here are tuo harad
Mehod sowih} PJentin creps direef
 e 0 A G COO
TMoued b
b pamking ornd comselidalion for
1mtimae moi st i l -tord antac, Thee s e
Comt en plomt-to-Pbnt spocing i s he
Simp.et ond ehen pest methea ot souting a
crp

Depemdi
Vepemeing dreCond:4ions ot tedig-
higteseed me eguied his
ela vely
unkiy
metho ot ouing Theres mo scopeoY
ih he etablisded
im dercalA m in plemêmts

Crop estnbhshone
Crop Creop selatively POoY ke
voumeven 6erd distribution od deph ot seg
a lhnt et
with hond brokastirg
the and on h roun wh
Seeds s eld by
wide Swah
So 3illis important ensue

d'smbutiom of seeds cmit 9reurd ovea

basea om he desi'red serdng rate PeY

Dibbling is elacemet ot see onaferial m

turroa' , p* ole a pvedekeroninest sAcing
wifh a fbae ca Pminfod 3peor -ke stick), olos
OY
move Co man 6y hond, Heles ot aboo
m
Cm
deep ore made of dèsived spacing cuh

an Y g mois sois ve seed confonet

 Se edmg
tremsplam-ding
arnd Divesf seeámg
S eiHer bg hro adtast % d iblh r
d,
drlldriJg)mehede H and he d;0
Helads ore altornaliun apicnt i TO w
alamn
Diet secaing Y dtet Seuing isomefhes
ich serbs re dire chHy se
of rlansking ih
On dhe TOUn ho Jorm Y ro wing
uace uhiJe oneos tu ot peg
St/nace
tronsplanling
plams, (secdng in dhe rm any growin
Srrtace )Seedlimgs o egetairely eropa gatd cbos.
The erom ransplant'ng is akso usd to 7
o he Prctice ofeplanting an aheaaj
estab lished plont ih e ocetion onmovi'ng
it eseere

Pivech seeding-Secds ne e c t sowm i h

ond dril»q .
Toad tons4rvg , drbblimg
Toataasting. i3 scottering he
fe serd n sel
Surface cuiththe havd. Mechanical SPreaden
Onre aso used er
breodcosing. P4kr
broadcas 4ingthe seis 4Sually covered wk
Sois 6y eeonkihg a
# npleonent Calade harae)
 2030AGCOO* Pae_(B3)

This methor is suitolle ter crops h relativelj

bigger S reguiting s/Ptcie Comeit orrq
or Camopy
Como py deve.lopnerh ornt cuJkral operetibm
6ych
intrclL/ivefion u3inj ivnplements .

eanding p efe ih Jhe shonding Coop(yop3 Such

aS9roundmut , Ccstr mai2e, patato m iomtuTevie
9ivgey efe r e soun by dibblirg This
oncthe is
time
tine con Suming onder pensive Com pard to
bncdkasty Seed rate i's 7ehtivey les
and Sord establish men is anim ard adequate

METHODS OF 30WINá
Dinect secdin9 Tamspkt

Bread Casti vg ine Sooivg

Dihng Ditblg
 Pa ge )

T:Janye 3 He ricuoval preparalao»

Ti.bge
agdi hion o
na y omechal'ol

Varjou types st/BA 5 diging Stivairg e r

oYeT fum ing

Exp ot Hummon - powerd iL;ng nelod usig
homa toal's
ineluoli ShoveDhgpickig,
Mehodk on trma powere nechanized wnk
in cuin9 ploughig (overfurning caih melds-

rds chiselrng i4 chise hnhsy

ototlln, oJling whCul:patker3 o ter
allers, hoouivg9 and withivalig i h
CuW ivaor ghanhs Cheah) CTLbg alk
he -ond ha is tiles He evd
Cosivetjan kes Several senses hat overlhp
hat overlap
substontially ih Hose ot "iHoge.I»
emma cenfexk bath Con
ryor tot a7vialMre
Coith)n
el9riculure bath Com yer te anj
tind ot Seil oriculye.

Characterstio of 904ih i3,-(i) Frnaution

ond btab/i o
ty
 0 2-3 AGOO+
t aggr gated Porfi
ces ,i) Mois ture Contet
i Pegnee of Aesalion iv) soil bio.ta (vi)Tih
Co be than
je rapidl odependivg nnviomatel
tatctoS Sueh a3- in mais tuve, tiJa ge
Char
ord oil amendnrts . The obyeci ve et Jlne

Cmechomical n a mipylatiom he soilhis

improne h1th, thhechy incsesig crop
PYductiomi he Jar term
THPes ot Tage

Conve-ntiomol Comser va/ion

(nve siom (No invsin)

PrmOTy Seceary sheeial

PUTpe Se
Redeueed No -TUge

Pen subsphn Sd bed oehon tige hipt Mh

yeo hred
Rrdgers Leveling
ind 4ihrg
.Mauld bretd ultiVGtor (n tuey tibge.
chisel Diskhargae
pepbks on sollers
Pist phh sPi*9/spihe r trogd
horrao
 nd is haplorels
Primar fill-ge. seoondey tilloge
) Primary 4:1»ge o) boden plough >77deg emaus phmh
onivnylennt
Tt -Pat av-Shope frurwo
ond 0per &o1he

6)Nould board Rhugh>Te r s ot mould brou

Ploygh ore re9 a bdy

es ult m betfe tuker'setion,

C) Disc plough the dsc plough . m o e
Sutable Ter Lons which

Hety nuch tibrous 9rouh o weeds e

ds e sand ' C o r P r a fe he

>Th cu he So ad
) Retatony plough
Purveryes . e tut
et sois kne, bs eiJer biades tyme 3
 90230 hGcOot 9)
Secncda AJJage TpJerma-ts]

Hora Disc Hogro ike tooh

footn
ha r c w
h o ob r e

14Cuks hefertorms HeSuilyobM

k pel5uilfehe
breod
o ðl
h arrouilg©
Ho a stlalleo
Sil to
Si halla| n es dasetaJd siTu
tue
n hond
soil,
deph esmecthen"ces t mtoliLevel orasten
puv ziug
Bod pulvri 7 sat hise3, Erch, lgroun h als.
Hel
He soidaswel!set hng naded\bveok
ma Comm
s/atA| Saal

onafrrials th
Soil
 ercenba9e ef.
utriets end heg dre applis n lare qudtitg
FYM Corm post ard (Green mam ere Hr o

ympor ont o
wdelg us aomi mant

Dece mpse miure at ching ond ?iye cf

Orm innas ter emd Jett
alon
alon lH arr

Lnetere ro oug109 Or ohder ed

he Cat le FM Con toing O.5 7.N, O.21

Pa5 Orng a
S7:K0. Orie fairs N

U7ire is o
1357.K20 .N prosent in

o# ehich is subye chä o

on ura

frenh-67-5
Valatili2atiom cosses Srze
dong,.5-2.0m wide and dom deep Hape upto
hei9f o U5-6 CnCm ubove he 9rau evel
drome shapeä
and plosteres wih Cowdng
tect th suT .

he manre helme e e d fer useh abaf

5 me ths otfer plasteri9, chemita

 30A COO
e servativeg 4S o medeseeosses

e mmich YM,C.9J7 psUm, kainiBe, ond

4perphosphoBe. GyPsum 1ain ile) om 34per -
PTevemts
als ad
aks
Vedatii2atiem
adds' Ca nd 3.
dess ot CuYe erd
Ca S4per Dhes pheete olo
acts
tS
Simiar omd in cY®) se3P Comttnt.
Bcteni end tinomyCete3 play ative
ole
ae Com po 5 tiom 60-tOF moisfure
in He n ti' tial store nd
30-YO7. meistre
in e com
poseq manure Creo o e) aj
oell
tl a 50-60 °c ferop ere tre udeY
C er e

heap
neep e qvo tinrohle tor he activties
et
hee miro CYganiSn