SOC 1: Study Guide #1 (Chapter 1)

~ Worth 39 points ~
ID Terms
Be able to Define, Give an Example (Apply it!), and Explain the Significance of each of the
terms below: (Tip: Significance can mean: why should we know this? Why is it important? What
are its consequences? What does this tell us about people & society? You don’t have to answer
all these questions, but one or more should apply).

Chapter 1—Theory & Research

1. Sociology

The study of social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human

behavior.

2. The Sociological Imagination (The Sociological Perspective)

To see and understand the connections between individuals and the broader social

contexts in which they live.

3. Social Location

4. Aguste Comte
 Coined the term sociology. 2 fundamental questions about social life: how and why do

societies change? (social dynamics) and what is the basis of social stability at a specific historical

moment? (social statistics).

5. Scientific Method

6. Karl Marx : Industrial capitalism produced huge fortunes for a few owners while

exploiting workers. Marx sought to explain how and why so much wealth and

productivity could coexist with widespread poverty and misery. he said eventually

workers would overthrow it and replace it with socialism. obsessed with conflict and

confrontation. believes capitalism is unsustainable. says money is a sociological thing, it

is what society makes it.

7. Bourgeoisie

8. Proletariat

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 9. Emile Durkheim

Suicide, collective conscience, social solidarity. says suicide is society's choice not the

individuals and people confuse a high feeling/emotion with happiness.

10. Social Integration

11. Max Weber (Pronounced “Vaber”)

12. Protestant Work Ethic & the Spirit of Capitalism

13. Jane Addams

14. W.E.B. DuBois

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 15. Double-Consciousness (see CH 1 PowerPoint – “Soc Origins & Founders”)

16. Symbolic Interactionism

Focus on how people use shared symbols and construct society as a result of their

everyday interactions. In order to understand society, you have to start at the lowest

point. feminist theories focus on the inequality between women and men and could be

considered in the tradition of conflict theories.

17. Functionalism

18. Manifest Function

19. Latent Function

20. Manifest Dysfunction (see CH 1 PowerPoint – “Theory”)

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 21. Latent Dysfunction

22. Conflict Theory

Focuses on issue of contention, power, and inequality, highlighting the competition for

scarce resources. Because resources are often limited, people compete for them, bringing

different groups into conflict. Conflict theories see power at the core of social life. We

have this idea that time is running out.

23. Which of the 3 Major Soc Theories is a Micro Theory? (list them)

24. Which of the 3 Major Soc Theories are Macro Theories? (list them)

25. The New Jim Crow (see CH 1 PowerPoint – “Theory”)

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 26. Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentences (see CH 1 PowerPoint – “Theory”)

**Question: How can we apply the 3 major Soc theories to explain 1) the mass incarceration
of Black Americans and 2) why the Stop and Frisk policy violated the constitutional rights
of people of color? You don’t have to write anything here, but I would study the 13 th Practice
Quiz Questions and think about “The Hunted & the Hated” Discussion Board on the Stop and
Frisk policy in NYC!

27. The Research Model

28. Validity

29. Reliability

30. Sample

31. Random Sample

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 32. Snowball Sample (see CH 1 PowerPoint – “Research Methods”)

33. Open vs. Close-Ended Questions

34. Participant Observation

35. Case Study

36. Secondary analysis

37. Analysis of Documents (Content Analysis)

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 38. Control Group vs. Experimental Group

39. Unobtrusive Measures

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