Hi everybody, this video will provide you an introduction to the content of the convention

and right of the child and the main state obligation pertaining to the implementation of this
convention. Human rights can be classified for moving different paths. To give you some
example, they could be classified on the base of the state's position in negative rights and
positive rights. Negative rights are those rights that ask the state parties to do not interfere
in the exercise of these rights. Positive rights, are those rights that requires to states party
to undertake all the needed measures in order to allow to the right holder to fully exercise
the rights attributed to him or her. They could also be classified from many historical point
of view on generation. We speak about rights of first generation, the civil and political
rights. We speak about rights of second generation, the economic, social, and cultural
rights. We speak, as well about the rights of third generation, that are also defined as
solidarity rights. Those are for example the right to peace. The rights to a clean
environment or the other determination of people. Some of those rights of third generation
have been already codified at international level. By the adoption of the international
standards too. Other remain merely aspirational. We start, already, to speak about rights of
fourth generation that are meant mainly to protect human beings towards the effect on the
impact of the technologic evolution. Think about for example, the technological evolution
pertaining to the genetic manipulation. Some of those rights have been already codified
international level by that option of international standards. The human rights could also
be classified on the base of their specialization. The specialization could refer to a specific
thematic issue. For example, the convention against torture is a result of a thematic
specialization. They could also be the result of a specialization on a specific, geographical
area. For example, think about the convention related to human rights and adopted In
Europe, in Latin America, in Africa, or in the Islamic country for example. They could also
be specialized on the base of the group of people to each those human rights are dedicated.
For example we speak about the convention on the elimination of discrimination as against
women. We speak about the convention on the rights of migrant workers. We speak as well
about the convention on the rights of the child. The convention on the right of the child is
the result of this procedure of specialization of human rights. It is dedicated to a specific
group of people, those that goes from the age of 0 to the age of 18. And it was adopted by
The General Assembly in November 1989. The convention on the rights of
the child is the most widespread and commonly used international
instruments for defining the human rights associated with
the youngest generation of human beings. It provides the formal recognition
of children as social actors through the full implementation of
the participation principle contained in the article 12 of the convention
on the right of the child. It is a code of conduct for both
adults in general towards children and parents for
parents towards their own children. It provides us well the minimum
standard of child care protection and guardianship for guaranteeing full and
correct child development. It provides as well a list
of recognized specific and exclusive rights of
the children in consideration of their peculiarity as a social and
a legal subject. During this video,
I will concentrate exclusively on the so called substantive articles of
the convention on the right of the child. Those are the articles that go
from article two to articles 41. In it we have the entire release of
the rights recognized to children and the identification of
the states obligation pertaining to the implementation
of this convention. The rights included between
the article two and the article 41 can be organised
under three main categories. Universal human right,
the specific rights and the rights recognized to
specific category of children. Referring tho the first category,
the universal human rights, this part of the convention contains the catalog of
the rights of first and second generation. The civil and political rights and the
economic, social and culture of rights. Referring to this Second category of
rights included in this document, the so-called specific rights
recognized to children. Those are for example the rights
recognized to the child in order to do not separate them from their parents, or their rights
in case of adoption,
or the right for example to play. The third and last category of rights
contained in this convention and the so called rights attributed to children. Belonging to
specific Categories,
specific groups. To give you some example, there we speak
about refugee children in Article 22. We speak about children
with some physical or psychological disability in Article 23. We speak about the right of
children belonging to minorities. In article 30 and
we speak about children involved in for example armed conflict in article 38. The final
name of the convention on
the right of the child was to recognize Sending sure that children not only
had universal human rights but also range of exclusive and specific rights identified on the
base of
the peculiar characteristics of the child. There is no doubt about the fact that the
CRC ,the Convention on Right of the Child, introduced a new approach and
parameters in the field of childhood and adolescent standards. Furthermore, the adoption
of these
UN convention on the rights of the child in 1989 and
answered also the debate on the State's obligations towards
the implementation of these convention. So the committee on the rights of
the child, following the approach of other UN committees such as, for example the UN
Committee on Civil and
Political Rights. Puts the rights stated in the Convention
on the Right of the Child on the same level overcoming the classical distinction
between the rights of first and second generation by saying that in order
to implement the human rights of children state parties has three
main level of obligation. Obligation to respect is the negative
character of convention of the right of the child, state are required do not
interfere with the exercise of this right. An obligation to fulfill, this is the positive character
of
the conventional growth of the child. On the base of this obligation now this is state in
article 4.1 of the convention
on the right of the child. States' parties are required to
undertake or appropriate legislative, administrative, and other measure needed
for the implementation of this convention. Third, the obligation to
protect requires State's party to protect individual against
certain interferences, perpetrated or
operated by other private individuals, groups of people or associated activists. I thank you
for the attention and
I will see you in the next video. [MUSIC]