Assignment 1 (Total Marks: 70)

EEE 323: Power Systems II

Fill in the gaps. [4]

(1) If the spacing between the conductors is increased, then corona effect is ................
(2) If sag in an overhead line increases, tension in the line ...............
(3) Corona effect is ................. in stormy weather as compared to fair weather.

(4) If the conductor size is increased, the corona effect is ................

Answer the following questions: [31]

1. Name the important components of an overhead transmission line. [2]

2. Discuss the various conductor materials used for overhead lines. What are their relative advantages
and disadvantages? [8]

3. What is corona? What are the factors that affect corona? [5]

4. Explain the following terms with reference to corona: [4]

(i) Critical disruptive voltage

(ii) Power loss due to corona

5. Describe the various methods for reducing corona effect in an overhead transmission line. [4]

6. What is the need for stranding the conductors? [2]

7. Give reasons for the following: [4]

(i) A.C.S.R. conductors are preferred for transmission and distribution lines.
(ii) Conductors are not fully stretched between supports.

8. Write down the effect of water particles on the corona. [2]

Problems: (7x5=35)
1. A 3-phase line has conductors 2 cm in diameter spaced equilaterally 1 m apart. If the dielectric
strength of air is 30 kV (max) per cm, find the disruptive critical voltage for the line. Take air density
factor δ = 0·952 and irregularity factor mo =1.
2. A 132 kV line with 1·956 cm dia. conductors is built so that corona takes place if the line voltage
exceeds 210 kV (r.m.s.). If the value of potential gradient at which ionisation occurs can be taken as 30
kV per cm, find the spacing between the conductors.

3. A 3-phase, 220 kV, 50 Hz transmission line consists of 1·5 cm radius conductor spaced 2 metres apart
in equilateral triangular formation. If the temperature is 40ºC and atmospheric pressure is 76 cm, calculate
the corona loss per km of the line. Take mo = 0·85.

4. A certain 3-phase equilateral transmission line has a total corona loss of 53 kW at 106 kV and a loss
of 98 kW at 110·9 kV. What is the disruptive critical voltage? What is the corona loss at 113 kV?

5. Determine the critical disruptive voltage and corona loss for a 3-phase line operating at 110 kV which
has conductor of 1.25 cm diameter arranged in a 3.05 metre delta. Assume air density factor of 1.07 and
the dielectric strength of air to be 21 kV/cm.

6: A single phase overhead line has two conductors of diameter 1 cm with a spacing of 1 metre between
centres. If the dielectric strength of air is 21 kV/cm, determine the line voltage for which corona will
commence on the line.

7. A single phase transmission line has conductors of diameter 1.25 cm and spaced 2.5 metres apart.
Derive an expression for the potential gradient at any point on a line joining the centres of the conductors
if the operating voltage of line is 60 kV. Calculate the voltage at which corona will start.

𝑑
Critical disruptive voltage, 𝑉𝑐 = 𝑚0 𝛿𝑔𝑜 𝑟𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑟

Assume: 𝑚0 is 1 if not given.