1.

Informative Speaking
2. Effective Speaking
3. Structure of Oral Presentation

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Show appreciation on the value of achieving effective communication
2. Deliver an informative speech
3.

Whatever your role in a company, business, or Institution is, it is imperative that

communicate effectively. As aged old aphorism goes, “It is not what you say but how you say it.”
Communication is what separates a poor leader, team member, or employee from an exceptional
one. Using effective communication skills is the good work and relationship in the workplace.
Communicating well with the team helps eliminate misunderstanding and stimulates a
healthy, peaceful, and effective work environment. Efficient communication with your team will
also get you get work done quickly and professionally. Effective communication in the workplace
increases production and output which are considered among the measures of success.
Effective communication is not just exchanging information. More importantly, it is about
sending appropriate messages across despite the barriers and understanding the intention
beyond the information. Most often, we just look into the way things are said rather than the
message – which results to no understanding or misunderstanding.
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION
 The source/sender. The sender should be competent in his field to create a clear
message with enough details to be easily understood by the receiver. His competence is
based on his wide experience and exposure to matters of content and expression.

 The context of the message. The context is how the message is delivered by the sender.
Context in oral communication involves nonverbal communication such as gestures, body
language, facial expressions, and elements such as tone of voice. For written, it involves
style and diction.
The sender should know his audience, listeners or readers, for him to use the right
context. There should be some questions by the sender or source like: Is the receiver
indifferent to the content of communication or disdainful of the sender? What style fits
the audience?
  The receiver/decoder. The receiver should listen actively and intently, ask questions to
clarify. The source should ascertain that the receiver shares meaning with the sender. If
the receiver trusts the source, there is a high chances of misunderstanding.

 The method of delivery. The delivery method should be chosen by the by the
sender/source based on the medium he thinks most effective to convey the meaning of
the message to his receiver. Since there is a diversity of ways in with computers and
mobile devices, decisions about the delivery method have become more complex. It
should suit the communication needs of both source and receiver.

 The content. The content of the message should be complete and clear and presented
and described in detail to obtain understanding with both sides. The content must
basically answer who, what, where, when, why and how of the matter. Before sending
any message, the source must check his details. It is easily done is written
communication. In oral, the source/speaker sometimes misses some details. In this case
it is good to note that the listener is active in asking what he thinks are essential.
Questions that enhance effective communication

 Direct. The listener may pose simple questions with a basic interrogative: basic WH and
H questions.
 Control. The listener already knows the answer to it when he asks it. It is a way of
finding out whether or not the person is lying, uninformed, and/or not paying attention.
 Repeat. The listener may ask two different questions that are after the same
information. The second question is given later in the discussion.
 Persistent. You ask the same question in different ways to explore all facets of the
desired information. Like repeat questions, persistent questions are asked if the listener
is doubtful.
 Summary. The listener asks a question that allows the source an opportunity to revisit
the answer and confirms the idea acquired by the listener.
 Non-pertinent. This isn’t about what the inquirer/listener wants to know about, but it
serves the purpose of seeing what it ‘looks like’ and getting the person to open.

Tips on Becoming a Good Listener

1. Focus on the speaker
“One cannot serve two masters at a time.” Thus, the receiver must eliminate all
possible interruptions/barriers that may impede the communication process. He must
pay attention and look at the speaker since some ideas are seen and not heard.
2. Favor your right ear
According to science, the left side of the brain contains the primary processing
centers for both speech comprehension and emotions. On the other hand, the right ear
is better in receiving sounds from speech, whereas left ear is more sensitive to music.
3. Do not interrupt
Listening is not the same as waiting for the listener’s turn to talk. The listener
cannot concentrate on what someone’s saying if he’s forming his interruption. Often, the
speaker can read listener’s facial expressions and know what’s in the mind of the listener.
 4. Show interest in the topic
The listener has to nod, shake head occasionally, smile at a person, and make
sure posture is open and inviting to the discussion.
5. Try not to judge
In effective communication with someone, the listener doesn’t have to like
them or agree with their ideas, values, or opinions. However, judgment or criticism
should be withheld to fully understand the speaker.
6. Provide feedback
It must be simply a verbatim repetition of the words of the speaker. The listener
may sound insincere or unintelligent. Better express what the speaker's words mean to
you, the listener. Ask questions to clarify certain points: “What do you mean when you
say…” or “Do you mean…?” Good listeners are more appreciated than speakers.

Read Non-verbal Communication

There are always meanings to any movement or activity of a speaker. Nonverbal

communication or body language includes facial expressions, body movements, gestures, eye
contact, posture, voice tone, breathing, clothes, and more. The ability to understand and use
nonverbal communication may help connect with others, give exact meaning, and build better
relationships at work and home.

 Be aware of individual differences. Cultures and races are different. People use
different nonverbal gestures.
 Match up verbal with nonverbal signals. The two should match. If the verbal
contradicts the nonverbal or vice versa, the listener may believe the nonverbal more
than the verbal. It may also make the listener think that the speaker is dishonest.
 Use gestures depending on context. The tone of the voice differs when talking to
children and to adult. Be careful in using gestures in serious communication.
Emotional state of the conversationalist should be taken into consideration.
Different occasions and places also require different gestures. One hand gestures in
one occasion and place may not be used in another.
 Avoid negative gestures. Better use body language to convey positive feeling even
when not actually experiencing them. When feeling anxious or nervous for example,
better use positive body language to signal confidence.
 With the large diversity of individuals all over the world, in school, in business, in the
workplace, or even at home, we have to make sure that we employ effective speaking by
overcoming the barriers to an effective communication.

To overcome barrier to effective communication, the following shall be observed:

1. Improve Communication Skills. JB Gleason said that interaction is more important in

learning a language than mere exposure. In the same manner, using the language through
interaction, that is, speaking, may help one improve communication skills.
2. Complete knowledge. “You cannot give what you do not have; you cannot teach what you
do not know.” For one to be able to provide inputs, one must have it through various ways
or methods: reading, listening, viewing, observing, and inquiring.
3. Control over emotion. As said Tony A. Gaskins, Jr. “Never speak from a place of hate,
jealousy, anger, or insecurity. Evaluate your words before you let them leave your lips.
Sometimes, it’s best to be quiet.” Our emotions are a great barrier to an effective
communication for these may influence the way we react. Hence, make sure that you can
have a good control of your emotion so it may not affect effective communication to exist.
4. Confidence. Sometimes, it is not enough to acquire complete knowledge about something,
but is also vital that we develop our confidence to achieve effective communication. Lack of
confidence hinders us from effectively delivering our topics. Confidence takes a lot of time
to be achieved, hence, work for it. Practicing in front of the mirror or in front of your family
and friends are two ways of gaining confidence.
5. Avoiding physical distraction. As compared to emotional or psychological disturbances,
physical distractions are much easier to eliminate. Our phones may provide the most
physical distraction. To avoid this, we must keep it while communicating to anybody.
6. Appropriate channel. Oftentimes, it is not our ability to communicate that becomes the
problem but it is the channel that we are using. Overtime, methods of communication have
become more complex. Nowadays, we may use IMs, emails, blogs, teleconference, and the
like. To achieve effective communication, we must decide which of those channels is the best
to use for our purpose.
7. Provision of feedback. Have you ever experienced speaking to someone without expression?
Is it hard? It is indeed awkward and difficult to speak to somebody who doesn’t provide any
feedback because we cannot get any information if they are interested to listen.
 Congratulations! You have reached the end of the Chapter.

Your task for this Chapter is to prepare and deliver a 10 to 15-minute oral presentation
about your experiences in COVID 19. Tell us the problems you have encountered and how you
have solved them. You may also tell us the fun things you did at home and the apprehensions you
have realized.

Directions:

1. Write an essay of your Quarantine experience not exceeding seven paragraphs.

2. Memorize your piece.
3. Practice the delivery of your piece, incorporate hand gestures and practice proper
facial expressions.
4. Practice your pronunciation, intonation, and stress.
5. Record your performance in a video.
6. Submit it to the link to be forwarded.
7. The same rubric for effective speaking will be used.