15. Experiment 3 Impedance of a Series RLC Circuit OBJECTIVE: ‘+ To investigate the impedance of a series RLC circuit and compare it with the impedance of its constituent components. BACKGROUND INFORMATION: ‘The behavior of a series circuit comprising all three kinds of circuit elements (resistor, inductor and capacitor) will depend upon the relative magnitudes of the Feactances X. and Xc. Remembering that inductive reactance and capacitive reactance act opposite each other, it should be clear that the combination behaves (1) like a R-L circuit or as an inductive circuit when X; is greater than Xc, (2) like a R-C circuit or as a capacitive circuit when X¢ is greater than X; and (3) like a pure resistance R circuit or as a resistive circuit when X;, equals Xc This latter condition has a special significance and is said to produce resonance in the circuit. PREFERRED EQUIPMENT: & FeedBack Trainer Kit Function generator 4 Multimeter (V.0.M.) %& AC. Miliammeter 0 — 250mA INITIAL SETTINGS: Connect the power supply unit to the main supply line. DO NOT switch on yet. PROCEDURE: 1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 3.1. 2. Set the sine wave function generator to 100 Hz, with constant output amplitude of 4 Vrms a8 measured on the voltmeter. 3. On Table 3.1, following the results table, record the readings of total current, voltage across the resistor, inductor and capacitor respectively. What did you observe about the magnitude of the current flowing to the resistor, inductor and capacitor? What is this parameter in the system? Electrical Circuits Laboratory Manual 216 4. On another sheet of paper, draw to scale a phasor diagram showing Vr, Va, Vi and Vc set the current as reference. What is the phase relationship between V, and Vc? How do you combine the resultant value of V_ and Vc? From your phasor diagram, what is the phase relationship between the resultant of Vi and Vc to Va? 5. On Table 3.2, following the results table, calculate the required parameters. 6. Switch off the power supply unit. Optionat Activity: Determination of internal resistance and inductance of a practical inductor (coil): 4. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 3.2. 2. Set the sine wave function generator to 60 Hz, with constant output amplitude of 4 Vas a8 measured on the voltmeter. 3. On Table 3.3a and Table 3.3b, following the results table, record the readings of total current, voltage across the resistor and then the voltage across the coil. And then calculate the required parameters 4. On another sheet of paper, solve the internal resistance (r) and inductance (L) of a coil using an analytical solution. 5. Switch off the power supply unit. Electrical Circuits Laboratory Manual 2‘WIRING DIAGRAM: Sine Wave Function Generator Figure 3.4 Preferred Settings for Figure 3.1: ‘Sine Wave Function Generator = 4 Vans Resistor (Ry) = 100 0 Inductor (L1) = 100 mH Capacitor (C1) = 2.2 uF { L CR) Rn. py ae i jal i i { practical inductor | Sine Wave i (coil) 1 Function @ 7 = Generator Figure 3.2 Preferred Settings for Figure 3.2: ‘Sine Wave Function Generator = 4 Vans Resistor (Ri) = 100 0 Practical Inductor (coil) = 100 - 200 mH Electrical Circuits Laboratory Manual 2PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET: Experiment 3 - Impedance of a Series RLC Circuit NAME: DATE: COURSE/SECTION: GROUP #: Table 3.1: Total Total Resistor | Inductor | Capacitor Frequency | Voltage | Current | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage Hz (v7) (hr) (Va) (wi) (Vc) Ven mArms Vems. Vans Vems | 400 200 300 400 500 Table 3.2: Frequency Formula Hz 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 ‘Ohm's Law V, (Measured R= Values) Fe V, X,=—4 1, L Vy Xo= Ie V, IZ a r Equation R=R ; Impedance X, = 2afL 1 xX,.=— © 2afC Electrical Circuits Laboratory Manual 2Frequency Hz Formula 100 _[ 200 [300 [400 | 500 Pythagorean =X,- Theorem 4=%,-Xe (Impedance =-JR?a x2 Triangle) IZ EVR? +X 0, = tant X R Complex =R+j(X,- Number Z=R+ j(X_~ Xe) (rectangular form) Z=|Z|20, (polar form) Table 3.3a: Measured Values Total | Total | Resistor | Coils Frequency | Voltage | Current | Voltage | Voltage Hz (Vr) (h) (Weou) Vem mArm: Vems. Vas 60 Table 3.3b: Calculated Values Total Total Coil’s | Coil’s Internal | Coil's Current | Impedance | Impedance | Resistance | Inductance (hr) ) (Zeon) w) () mAaus a o Q mH Instructor's Signature Electrical Circuits Laboratory Manual 2