Submarine

ver heard about the word “Buoyancy”? No? Then you might be unaware of how a ship
E or a submarine floats on the surface of water?

Buoyancy or up thrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a
partially or fully immersed object. In Simple words, it is the force exerted by the water
against the gravitational force. A submarine or a ship can float because the weight
of water that it displaces is equal to the weight of the ship. This displacement of water creates
an upward force called the buoyant force and acts opposite to gravity, which would pull the
ship down.

A Submarine moves from point to point in two dimensions. It can travel forward or
backward, or move laterally, upwards and downwards. To move forward and backward,
submarines use propeller. A propeller is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that
are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral, that when rotated performs an action. The rotational
motion of the blades is converted into thrust and accelerates the fluid in one direction and the
submarine in the opposite direction.

To move laterally, upwards and downwards, the law of buoyancy is applied. A submarine
as ballast tanks and auxiliary, or trim tanks, which can be alternately filled with water or air.
When the submarine is on the surface, the ballast tanks are filled with air and the submarine's
overall density is less than that of the surrounding water. As the submarine dives, the ballast
tanks are flooded with water and the air is pumped out.

A supply of compressed air is maintained aboard the submarine in air flasks for life support
and for use with the ballast tanks. To keep the submarine level at any set depth, the
submarine maintains a balance of air and water in the trim tanks so that its overall density is
equal to the surrounding water. When the submarine surfaces, compressed air flows from the
air flasks into the ballast tanks and the water is forced out of the submarine until its overall
density is less than the surrounding water and the submarine rises.