EMU Configuration

EMU CONFIGURATION 1
EMU CONFIGURATION 2
A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of connected vehicles that
generally run along a Railway track to transport passengers or cargo.Vehicles in a
train are of two types powered as well as unpowered vehicles.Each type has its own
function to deliver.

Powered vehicle
Vehicles which provide motive power to a train known as powered vehicle.These
vehicle can be a separate locomotive or a self propelled multiple unit.Every train
needs a powered vehicle to operate:

• Locomotive
Locomotives are any of various self-propelled vehicles that provide motive power for
a train-set.Locomotives have a separate machinery unit which is sued to generate
the power required for driving the wheels of vehicle.There are several types of
locomotives based on the source use to generate power like steam locomotives,
diesel Locomotives, electric Locomotives etc.

• Multiple Unit
A system of electric traction in which two or more cars controlled from a single car
these are used to propel a train.These trains consist of one or more self-propelled
car capable of coupling with other units of the same or similar type and still being
controlled one cab.The main concept of multiple unit trains are that these do not
require any kind of locomotive to power them.Multiple units are classified on the
basis of their power source.

• Battery Powered train

Bombardier Talent 3 is a new generation emission-free, battery-powered electric
multiple unit (BEMU) manufactured by Bombardier Transportation.
The train is the latest variant of Bombardier’s Talent line that includes the
Bombardier Talent and Talent 2. The battery-powered train was unveiled to the
public in September 2018 at Bombardier’s Hennigsdorf site.Talent 3 is fitted with
MITRAC lithium-ion batteries. The batteries allow the trains to operate on more than
30% of the non-electrified lines in Germany.
Benefits of battery powered train:

• The battery-powered train also increases ridership as it offers direct connections

and reduced travel times.
• The ability to operate on both electrified and non-electrified network lines paves the
way for new connections with the same fleet. It can operate as a 100% emission-
free train and help transit authorities in meeting environmental goals.

EMU CONFIGURATION 3
 Unpowered vehicle

Vehicles which do not provide any motive power to a train.These vehicles has a
function to carry passengers or freight from source to destination.

• Wagons
These are unpowered vehicles used for transporting cargo. These are fitted with
standard couplers, air brake etc enabling different type of wagons to be coupled
together in the form of a train.

• Passenger cars
These are unpowered vehicles which people can use for transportation.these cars
are powered by the locomotive.there are flexible connections between cars that give

passengers access to any car of a moving train. For example coaches are the most
common type of a passenger car, there are several classes of coach with different
patterns of seating or berths, depending on the class of travel.

EMU CONFIGURATION 4
 Basic unit
Basic unit is a unit which consist of three cars.Chain of these basic units forms a
train, For example a 9 car train has 3 basic units.
Basic unit is of two types end basic unit and middle basic unit which depends of the
positioning of the respective basic unit, basic unit at the front and end of a train are
known as End basic units where as basic units positioned in middle of two end basic
units are known as middle units

END Basic unit

As the name suggests end basic units are those three cars which are placed in the
front and end of a EMU, supposed there is a 15 car train then it will have 5 basic
units.Out of
these 5 basic

units 2 basic units are end basic units , each end basic unit consist of three car
DTC+MC+TC.

Figure above shows end basic unit , all there coaches in end basic unit has different
functions :

• DTC

DTC is an acronym for driver trailer coach,It is a non-powered vehicle with a driver
cab at one end. The driver cab is furnished with a pre- fabricated driver desk. All
driving operations are possible from driver desk. Feedback from all system in all the
coaches / basic units is available for viewing on the driver desk. For this 10.4” touch
based TFT display is provided on driver desk for showing combined status.
Various gauges are also provided on driver desk for knowing MR, BP, BC and
parking brake pressure. The driver will also be able to control the Passenger
Information System (PIS) from the driver desk.
It also consists of battery box, battery charger and compressor mounted under-
slung. Rest of the DTC apart from the driver cab is passenger saloon area which
consists of pantry, RMPU control unit, mono block pump controller, CRW, GCRW
panel and various end wall panels. It is an air- conditioned coach. All passenger
comfort related load can be controlled by driver from driver cab.
Train Control & Management System (TCMS) controls the automatic doors, sliding
footsteps and brake functioning. Ethernet backbone with redundancy is provided for
the train communication network.

• MC

EMU CONFIGURATION 5
MC is an acronym for Motor coach,Motor coach is a powered vehicle with four axles
each equipped with a 3 phase asynchronous Traction Motor (TM). Traction motors
are fully suspended i.e. traction motor weight is not loaded on to the wheel directly.
This reduces the un-sprung mass, resulting in better ride comfort.
The motor coach consists of two Lines and Traction Converter unit (LTC), one for
each bogie mounted under-slung. Brake chopper resistor is also mounted under-
slung. Transformer secondary cable for both LTCs unit (from power transformer)
comes from trailer coach via under-slung mounted IV coupler.
It also consists of passenger saloon area, pantry, RMPU, mono block pump
controller, electrical cabinet and various end wall panels. It is an air-conditioned
coach.

• TC

Trailing coach has the vacuum circuit breaker and HV isolator mounted on the roof.
For operation of the 16 car, two pantographs will be used.It also consists of auxiliary
converter unit and power transformer mounted under-slung. Power to LTC units of
both motor coaches is distributed from same power transformer.Auxiliary converter
feeds the total load of four coaches.It also consists of passenger saloon area, pantry,

RMPU,
mono block pump controller, electrical cabinet and various end wall panels. It is an
air-conditioned coach.

Middle Basic Unit

EMU CONFIGURATION 6
As the name suggests end basic units are those three cars which are placed in the
middle of end basic units, supposed there is a 15 car train then it will have 5 basic

units.Out of these 5 basic units 3 are middle basic units.Each middle basic unit
consist of NDTC+MC+TC.

• NDTC
It is similar to DTC except driver related interface. It also consists of battery box,
battery charger and compressor mounted under-slung. It also consists of passenger
saloon area which consists of pantry, RMPU control unit, mono-block pump
controller, CRW, GCRW panel and various end wall panels. It is also an air-
conditioned coach.All coaches are provided with LED displays for passenger
information/ announcement system. Each passenger has a power socket for mobile

charging.
The interior
lighting is of
LED with direct light as well as diffused lighting. Reading LED lights are provided in
the luggage rack.

Motor coach and Trailer coach of middle basic unit is same a the end basic units.

EMU CONFIGURATION 7
Formation of Rake (16coach) with 4X4 Basic units:

Networks
The interconnection of a large number of data processing devices through suitable
communication links enabling data transfer between the data processing devices
constitutes a DATA NETWORK. Several data networks are functional over Indian
Railways and year by year, rapid expansion of the networks takes place to cover
more and more activity centres.The architecture of the networks is also upgraded in
a phased manner to keep in tune with the technological developments. Several
applications are already operating over the networks and many new applications are
contemplated .The various applications are as under:
• Passenger Reservation System (PRS)
• National Train Enquiry System (NTES) Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS)
• Freight Operations Information System ( FOIS) Coaching operations Information
System (COIS) Control Office Automation (COA)
• Crew Management System (CMS)
• Material Management Information System (MMIS)
• Management Information System (MIS) which is made up of a large No. of
applications for various departments like AFRES (accounting), PRIME (Personnel)
etc.
The data networks can also be used for other applications like video conferencing,
data conferencing, VOIP, IVRS, disaster management, office automation etc.
The basic components of the communication network in rolling stock (TCN – Train
Communication Network) are a Wire Train Bus (WTB) that provides data
communication throughout the whole train unit and a Multifunction Vehicle Bus
(MVB) for data exchange (communication) within the vehicle or group of fixed
connected vehicles (consist).  Each consist that is to be connected to the a WTB
network must be equipped with WTB communication node.The MVB communication
network could also be connected through this node. This is called TCN WTB/MVB
Gateway.The TCN components have been standardized in IEC 61375.

MVB: Multifunction vehicle bus

EMU CONFIGURATION 8
To simplify assembly, commissioning, and subsystem reuse, the TCN architecture
specifies the Multifunction Vehicle Bus (MVB) as a vehicle bus. The MVB
connects equipment within a vehicle or within different vehicles in closed train
sets. Figure 6 shows what subsystems it could connect in a locomotive. The MVB
operates at 1.5 Mbps and over the following media:
• Optical fibers for distances over 200 meters and for environments sensitive to
electromagnetic interference (in locomotives). MVB specifies 240-μm fibers, which
are more robust against cracks and vibrations than standard telecom fibers.

• Transformer-coupled, 120-ohm twisted- wire pairs for distances of up to 200

meters to connect two or three vehicles in a train set. These specifications
resemble those of IEC 61158 but use 120 ohm for robustness and low
attenuation.
• RS-485/120-ohm cable for cost effective device connections within the same
cabinet or on the same backplane with no galvanic separation. When
galvanically separated, this cable can connect equipment in different vehicles
in closed train sets.

These different media can directly interconnect with repeaters, since they operate
at the same speed with the same signaling. The MVB is based on the bus pioneered
on the Swiss Locomotive 460 and is used in over 600 vehicles worldwide. The
MVB enables considerable reduction in the amount of cabling and increased
reliability with respect to conventional wiring. A dedicated master controls the
MVB and can have backup from redundant masters to increase availability. The
MVB controller pro- vides redundancy at the physical layer: A device transmits on
the redundant lines, but listens to only one while monitoring the other. Other

features include high integrity against data corruption and, due to its robust
Manchester encoding and checksums, fulfillment of the IEC 60870-5 FT2 class.

Internet Protocol In Railways

EMU CONFIGURATION 9
Until very recently train operators have mainly relied on narrowband analogue
communication technologies. The rapid development of IP-based, digital broadband
communication technologies is now drastically changing the industry landscape and
requires a new generation of connectivity components.Systems such as PA (Public
Address), video, passenger info, communications, etc. could not use the same lines
to communicate. It was physically impossible or very impractical to think of
integrating these different systems, since, for example, the Passenger Information
System communicated with its components in a manner which was totally
incompatible with the PA system, for example. These services were also limited to
basic operator voice/triggered announcements and surveillance performed solely by
security personnel. Fortunately, things have changed tremendously during the last
few years.n one such project, we are deploying a digital public address system, a
passenger information system, an intranet system with hundreds of access points, a
retro vision and CCTV system with IP cameras, a passenger entertainment system
in which provides movies and multimedia content on high-quality LCD screens, and

an

in-

seat audio entertainment system, all of which are deployed on a single high-speed
trainborne IP network.

EMU CONFIGURATION 10
Advantages:

• More with less

Running five sets of cables to wire five independent subsystems costs a lot
of money, takes up a lot of space and increases maintenance costs without
providing any tangible advantages. Today's modern IP networks have the
bandwidth necessary to provide multiple high-end services using a single
Ethernet cable. What this means, paradoxically, is that an operator can
offer a greater number of improved and more efficient services with less
equipment in a smaller space.

• Greater and improved services

In addition to offering their usual services, operators can offer a greater
number of improved services. These can consist of a combination of any of
the following: intermodal and integrated passenger information and security
systems, security monitoring by exception via automated event detection &
image processing, Wi-Fi Internet, Train TV and m-Services, IP-based
networks, Wireless LAN, Wireless, WAN, high-speed train LAN. It is
therefore possible to offer services which were unimaginable only a few
years ago.

• Reduced maintenance costs

Since there are fewer separate hardware components as well as much less
cabling, maintenance and troubleshooting costs are dramatically reduced.
Imagine, if you will, a scenario where there are four different subsystems,
two of which are redundant for the sake of security. This means there are
six sets of controllers, cabling, power supplies, etc. all of which require
regular maintenance and inspections. Now contrast this with a digitally
converged and integrated system which would have only two “boxes” for
controller components (one for redundancy), which communicate with all
subcomponents (cameras, PA, displays, etc.) via the single high-speed IP
backbone. This is a much simpler installation to inspect and maintain. Also,
because there are fewer different protocols to deal with, your operations will
require fewer different types of experts to service your equipment than
before.

• Increased reliability
As corollary to the above, the reduced number of power supplies, cable
connections, and the equipment in general means that there is less
equipment which can fail. In addition, the fact that all equipment
communicate via the IP backbone means that it is possible to remotely
monitor each element in your integrated system using a computer that is
connected to the network.

With the IP backbone in place it’s just a matter of installing controller cards
(see below) in some type of ‘server enclosure’ that can communicate via
the network IP backbone. Such components have already been developed
by companies such as ALSTOM to provide numerous services such as PA,

EMU CONFIGURATION 11
 PIS, CCTV, Passenger Load Determination (PLD), Train Control

Management System (TCMS) as well as many others.

In addition, because we are dealing with an integrated system, it can all be
controlled using a unified Human-Machine Interface, thus greatly simplifying
day-to-day operations.

EMU CONFIGURATION 12