Senior High School

NOT

Earth Science
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Characteristics of the Earth and Its
Subsystems

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Earth Science- Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 1: Characteristics of Earth and Its Subsystems
First Edition, 2020

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 SeniSoernHioirgHhigShcShcohool ol

Earth Science
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Characteristics of Earth and Its
Subsystems

d private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their fee

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents
What This Module is About.................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know.......................................................................................................... ii

How to Learn from this Module...........................................................................................ii

Icons of this Module............................................................................................................iii

What I Know....................................................................................................................... iii

Lesson 1: Characteristics of Earth

What I Need to Know..................................................................................1

What’s New: Guess What?.........................................................................2-3

What Is It: Learning Concepts.....................................................................3-4

What’s More: Fill me in...............................................................................4-5

What Is It: Learning Concepts.....................................................................5-8

What’s More: Synthesizing Information......................................................8

What’s New: Reflection..............................................................................9

What I Have Learned: Crash Landing.........................................................10

What I Can Do: Performance Task and Enrichment Activity.......................11

Lesson 2: Subsystems of Earth

What I Need to Know..................................................................................12

What’s New: Earth’s Systems and Intro to Earth System............................13

What Is It: Learning Concepts.....................................................................14

What’s More: Why, Why, Why....................................................................15

What I Have Learned: Fill me Up with Earth’s Systems..............................16

What I Can Do: Where do You Think Life Exist?........................................17

Concept Mapping........................................................................................18

Summary.......................................................................................................................... 19

Assessment: (Post-Test)...................................................................................................20

Key to Answers................................................................................................................. 21

References....................................................................................................................... 22
This page is intentionally blank
 Module 1
Characteristics of Earth and Its Subsystems
What This Module is About

This module describes the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to

support life, particularly the essential components of this planet that drives all living
things (biotic components) such as plants, animals and microorganisms to exist. It
also emphasizes on the different subsystems (geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere,
and biosphere) that make up the Earth and how these systems interact and affect the
planet Earth that we live in today.

This module will aid you in understanding the key concepts on topics that will
help you answer the questions related to our very own planet Earth.

This module has two (2) lessons:

 Lesson 1- Characteristics of Earth that are Necessary to Support Life
 Lesson 2- The Four Subsystems that Make Up the Earth

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life (S11ES-Ia-
b-3); and

2. explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose

boundaries matter and energy flow (S11ES-Ib-4).

i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the learning competencies stated above, you tasked do the following:
• Take your time by reading carefully the lessons.
• Follow diligently the directions in all the activities and exercises.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment of your

knowledge of the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge previous
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of new lesson

What’s New This part is the introduction of the new

lesson through activities, before it is
presented to you.

What is It This part provides the discussion

of the activity conducted to deepen your
understanding of the concept.

What’s More This part provides the follow-up activities for

you to practice more to master the
competencies.

What I Have This part is the assessment of what you

Learned have learned from the lesson.

These are tasks for you to demonstrate the

What I can do knowledge and skills you gained and
apply them into real-life situations.
 What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read carefully each item and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following describes a habitable Earth?

A. has a weak magnetic field
B. right distance from the Sun
C. dominant presence of solid ice
D. presence of oxygen in the hydrosphere
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the hydrosphere is important?
A. It sustains various life forms
B. It helps in regulating the atmosphere
C. It plays an important role in ecosystems
D. It plays a major role in the movement of tectonic plates
3. Which of the following is NOT a correct description of oxygen gas (O2)?
A. use by animals for respiration
B. taken in by plants for photosynthesis
C. converted to carbon dioxide during respiration
D. a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to living organisms
4. Which of the following describes a Goldilocks Zone?
A. a zone composed mainly of frozen water
B. a region where life is impossible to exists
C. a zone composed only of rocks and other celestial debris
D. an area where the temperature is not too hot and not too cold
5. Which of the following is an important characteristic of earth in sustaining life?
A. Earths’ position beyond the Goldilocks Zone
B. The atmosphere that blocks the rays of the sun from reaching Earth
C. The abundant nitrogen in the atmosphere made life possible on Earth
D. The presence of liquid water which plays a vital role for cell’s metabolism
6. Which of the following is the reason for the importance of Earth’s subsystems?
A. The subsystem influence Earth’s encounter with space objects.
B. The subsystems solely determine the survival of different organisms
C. The subsystems contribute scarcely in flow of matter and energy
D. The subsystems influence the climate, geological processes, and life on Earth.
7. Why is the ozone layer important in sustaining life on earth?
A. It is where Earth satellites orbit and auroras show.
B. It influences hydro-meteorological phenomenon such as storms.
C. It shields the Earth the Sun's ultraviolet radiation and keeps the planet warm.
D. It is where celestial objects get burned and disintegrated upon entering Earth.
8. Which subsystem helps regulate the temperature of the Earth so we do not experience
too much hotness or coldness.
A. Biosphere B. Lithosphere C. Atmosphere D. Hydrosphere
9. Which subsystem do bodies of water surround the Earth a part of?
A. Hydrosphere B. Geosphere C. Biosphere D. Atmosphere
10. In which subsystem are gases such as oxygen gas, water vapor, and nitrogen gas
found?
A. Hydrosphere B. Geosphere C. Biosphere D. Atmosphere
This page is intentionally blank
 Characteristics of Earth that Sustain Life

Lesson

1
What I Need to Know

Earth is unique. It is termed as “planet of life” where matter and energy

continue to flow. Most of the cell’s processes requires energy from the Sun which is
the main source of energy. Since Earth is a closed system, energy flows to all of its
living components to continue various life processes and functions. The different
forms of energy also allow the recycling of matter needed for life. What are the
characteristics of Earth that make life possible? What makes Earth different from the
rest of the planets and other heavenly bodies in the Solar System?
In this lesson, you are tasked to describe the characteristics of Earth that
supports life.

a. b
Figure 1a. Planet earth Figure 1b. Living things thriving on earth

Take a look at the pictures. Reflect on it. What do you see? Can you describe
Earth’s characteristics through these illustrations?

1
 What’s New

Guess What?

Directions: The picture in each item depicts a certain characteristic of Earth as a

planet of life. Fill in the missing letters to form the words or phrases implied. Analyze
each picture and given clue letters to answer this activity. Write your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.
1. L U __ W T

2. P S __ E of X G N

3. D S N E of E RT from the UN

2
 4. I F U N E of M O on E _RT

5. E R H’S A T O PH R

What Is It

Earth is unique in our solar system because it has liquid water on its surface.
In fact, most of Earth’s surface is about 75 percent and covered with water. Water is
present in the atmosphere, ground, freshwater lakes, rivers, streams; and even in the
polar ice caps. Water is also found in all living things. Some plants, for example, are
as much as 90–95 percent water by weight. Adult humans are about 60 percent
water by weight. Water is important for the many life functions carried out by cells,
tissues, and organs. It helps dissolve certain nutrients and carry them throughout an
organism. Water is also important for disposing of bodily wastes.

3
 Scientists sometimes speak of Earth as having “Goldilocks” conditions—in
other words, Earth is “just right” for life as we know it. Earth’s place in the solar
system as the third planet from the Sun, places it in an area of space, that is not too
hot and not too cold. If the Sun is closer to Earth, liquid water would not be possible
on this planet as all of it would evaporate and life forms will not exist. If it were a little
farther away, it would be colder and liquid water would always be solid ice. Earth’s
temperatures range from about –88˚C to 58˚C. All organisms on the planet are
adapted to temperatures within this range.
Earth has enough gravitational force to keep most gases close to its surface.
These gases make up the atmosphere. The planet’s atmosphere is approximately
21% oxygen, a gas which is produced mostly by plants needed in respiration. Earth’s
atmosphere also traps heat and protects the Earth from the damaging rays of the
Sun. The moon, the only satellite of Earth also plays important role for life. The
moon’s gravitational pull causes tides. In some instances, the moon also plays a role
in the distribution of life forms, like in birds for migration and navigation. It also has
an
effect on the planet’s polar shifts.

What’s More

A. Fill me In.

Directions. Encircle the word within the parenthesis ( ) that best completes each
statement. (20 points)

Some characteristics of (Earth, Venus) that allow it to sustain life is the

oxygen (rich, poor) atmosphere and (polar ice cap, liquid water, water vapor) that
is located on the surface of the earth. Both oxygen and water are the (keys, not
necessary) to life as we know it. Oxygen is used by (animals, plants) during
aerobic (respiration, fermentation). Oxygen is (essential, not needed) for animals
to adhere to their basic needs. Surface (water, ocean) is also a basic need for all
living things. Water keeps all living things (hydrated, dry) as well as help control the
(climate, weather) which affect each organism’s survival.
Earth is surrounded by a (thin, thick) atmosphere that contains nitrogen,
oxygen, and other (trace, tiny) gases. This atmosphere provides the (air, fumes)
that we breathe. It also helps to (regulate, estimate) the temperature so that we do
not experience extreme (hot or cold, good or bad). Earth’s atmosphere also
contains a layer of (ozone, helium) a molecule consisting of three oxygen (atoms,
molecules) which provides protection from harmful solar (radiation, eclipse).
Finally, three- quarters of Earth's surface is covered by (water, oxygen) a necessary
ingredient for life. Earth is the only (planet, heavenly body) in the solar system that
contains liquid water.
B.
Directions: Put a check ( ⁄ ) mark for statements that describes the uniqueness of
Earth. Write your answers in sheet of paper.
_1. Presence of oxygen in the atmosphere has no effect on the Earth’s
life forms.
_2. There is a continuous flow of energy within the Earth’s system.

4
 _3. Earth’s water is in the form of ice and is readily available for
organisms.
_4. The energy of the sun drives all life processes on Earth.
_5. Earth is positioned in the Goldilocks zone.

What Is It

What makes earth habitable? The following are the factors that make our
planet capable of sustaining varied life forms which thrive in the various ecosystems.
Try to read and understand the factors that make our planet habitable.

1. Temperature – This will influence how quickly atoms and molecules move.
Most living things are limited to a temperature range of minus 15˚C to 115˚C.
Given this temperature range, H 2O may still exist in liquid form being crucial to
life. Among the other planets, only Earth’s surface has this temperature range.
2. Water – This matter dissolves and transports materials in and out of the cell.
Only Earth has the right chemical materials like liquid water that could support
life.
Right Atmospheric Conditions - The earth’s
atmosphere is capable of trapping heat and
houses the important atmospheric gases such as
carbon dioxide and oxygen which cause the earth
to warm. It shields the surface from harmful
radiation through the ozone layer and Earth has
the right size to hold a sufficient-sized
atmosphere. Earth’s atmosphere is about 100
miles thick.
3. Energy – Living things use light or chemical
energy to run essential life processes. With the Figure 2. Earth’s ozone layer
availability of sufficient energy, organisms can
perform different metabolic reactions through the
cells. The inner planets such as Earth, get too much sunlight for life. The outer
planets get too little.
4. Right Distance from the Sun – Earth is in the
Goldilocks Zone. A region with the just the right
temperature to sustain life – not too cold not too
hot.
5. Strong magnetic field - It shields us from the
electromagnetic radiation coming from the Sun.
The magnetic field deflects the radiation that
may destroy the ozone layer.
6. Nutrients – These are materials that build and
maintain an organism’s body. The inner planets
including Earth and moons have the same
general chemical components which makes Figure 3. Earth’s magnetic field
nutrients easily available in the environment.

5
 There are various biogeochemical cycles and geologic processes that
facilitate the transport and replenishment of the chemicals and nutrients
required by the biotic factors. Examples include water cycle and volcanism.
The presence of volcanoes, cycle of water and atmosphere, contribute to the
flow of nutrients within earth’s systems.

Figure 4: The Water Cycle

Figure 5: Volcanic Activity

7. Greenhouse Gases - Without the greenhouse

effect, Earth would be frozen, more than 60º F
colder. As mentioned above, the atmosphere is
capable of trapping heat because of greenhouse
gases. Examples of greenhouse gases are water
vapor, methane, and carbon dioxide.

8. It is protected by the plate tectonics from the

very hot temperature of the core – The earth’s
Figure 6. Greenhouse gases
core causes the convection currents in the mantle absorbing heat
causing the overlaying lithosphere to move.
However, the surface is protected from heat from the core by the lithospheric
plates.
 What’s More

Directions: Describe the earth as a planet of life based on the specifications written
inside the left boxes. Write your descriptions on the right boxes. Do this in
a sheet of paper.

Surface Features of Earth

Atmospheric Features

Relative Distance from

the Sun

Presence of Water

Influence of its moon

Other Factors

7
 What’s New

Reflection: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is a Goldilocks Zone?

_ _
2. What conditions need to exist in order for life to survive?
_
3. What temperature range is good for life?
_
4. What sort of atmosphere do living things need to survive?
_
5. Do living things need water to survive? Why?
_
6. What do organisms get from the food they eat? What is its use?
_
7. Is light necessary for living things? How?
_
8. How does the earth’s magnetic field affect life on earth?
_
9. Does it matter how massive the planet is? Why?
_
10. Describe three characteristics that make Earth suitable for life?
_

8
 What I Have Learned

Crash Landing
Directions: A meteoroid has hit your spaceship! This happened while you are passing
through a stellar system with one (1) star and seven (7) planets, some of which
has moons. You are running out of fuel so you need to crash land on one of the
planets. Listed below are the planets and their characteristics. Which of these
planets should be your choice for crash landing? Support your answer. Write your
answer in a sheet of paper.
Planet 1 (closest to the star) Planet 4:
Mass: 1.5 (almost the same size as earth) Mass - 1.5 (almost the same size as earth)
Tectonics: Active volcanoes and seismic Tectonics: Active volcanoes and seismic
activity detected activity detected
Atmosphere: None Atmosphere: trace amounts of nitrogen,
Average temperature: 651˚C methane and carbon dioxide
Description: Due to extreme surface Average Temperature: 2˚C
temperatures, instead of an atmosphere, Description: oceans which are cooled solid
the planet has a thin exosphere composed ice all throughout area
of atoms blasted off from the nearby star.
Planet 2 Planet 5
Mass-0.5 (half the size of Earth) Gas giant with one large moon
Tectonics: No activity detected Moon: sulfur dioxide (SO2) atmosphere
Atmosphere: Thin CO2 atmosphere detected Many volcanoes and hot springs on surface
Average Temperature: 10˚C Temperatures in hot spots can be up to
Description: Presence of ice caps in the 600˚C. Other spots away from volcanic heat
polar region, riverbeds with no water, and a can get as low in temperatures 145˚C
number of craters are observed from its
orbit
Planet 3 Planet 6
Mass: 1 (same size as earth) Gas giant with four large, rocky satellites
Tectonics: Active volcanoes and seismic (moons)
activity detected Moons have no appreciable atmosphere
Atmosphere: CO2, H2O(g), O2 Ice detectable on one
Temperature: 50˚C
Description: Liquid water, oceans cover
much of the surface, volcanic island chains
Planet 7 (furthest from star)
Gas giant with two large moons
Moon 1: An atmosphere which is full of
methane gas with very high pressure to
maintain a methane ocean
Temperature: 2˚C
Moon 2: Covered in water ice, ice appears,
cracked and refrozen in parts, indicating a
potential liquid ocean underneath surface
Temperature: 1`˚C

Adopted from https://bit.ly/2ZboomS

 What I Can Do

Performance Task:

Suppose you are an astronaut and you have a trip into space riding through a
spaceship, and you are instructed to create a list of items you would need to bring
with you to survive on this extended trip.
What supplies would be necessary for life to continue on this trip? Think
beyond what humans would need, and consider the needs of other forms of life that
humans might bring along.

Enrichment Activity:

Watch a video entitled “Earth as a Planet of Life” through this YouTube

link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCDVN7DCzYE`
In a short paragraph, share thoughts about the formation of the earth and
existence of life on earth.

10
 Lesson Subsystems of the Earth
2
What’s In

In lesson 1, you have learned about the characteristics of Earth that makes it
suitable for life. Many of these characteristics, result from Earth’s distance from the
Sun.
In the next topic, you will learn about the four subsystems of the earth namely:
atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. You will also discover through
this lesson that matter and energy flow in these four subsystems.

What I Need to Know

The planet Earth is home to varied life forms which interact continuously with
the non-living components. There are four subsystems that composed the earth.
These include the atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Each of
these systems, allow earth to keep itself in balance. A change in one system will
affect other system.

Figure 7. Planet Earth Figure 8. Mountain

In this lesson, you will explain that the earth consists of four (4) subsystems,
across whose boundaries, matter and energy flow.

11
 What’s New

Earth’s Systems
A.
Direction: Supply the blanks with the different subsystems of the earth which
are shown through the illustration. Write your answers in a sheet of paper.

B.

12
 What Is It

Earth is one of the inner planets in the solar system. According to radiometric
dating record, it is said to be 4.56 billion years old. It is the only planet in the solar
system to harbor life. Earth is a closed system. This means that if it gets what it
wants, it does not return it back. It gets energy from the Sun but returns only some
back to space. Biogeochemical cycles drive the Earth’s subsystems. It is through
these cycles that earth materials are recycled and replenish. The following are the
definitions of the subsystems.

1. Atmosphere – A set of layers of gases that blankets the planet held by the
planet’s gravity. It is consisted of 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon
and 0.04% water vapor including all other gases. Different layers of the
atmosphere include the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and
thermosphere.

2. Hydrosphere - It is the liquid component of the Earth including oceans,

glacial waters, and freshwater bodies that covers 70% of the earth’s surface;
98% of the water on Earth is saltwater.

3. Geosphere - It is the solid sphere of the earth. This is where geologic

processes such as volcanism and orogenesis (mountain building) take place.
The lithosphere is a part of the geosphere that is composed of the solid,
outermost part of the planet.

4. Biosphere - This is the living sphere of the earth. It is the totality of all the
ecosystems in the whole planet. It compels us to interact with other living
organisms with the influence of the abiotic factors in the system.

13
 What’s More

Why, Why, Why?

Directions: Create “Why” type of questions that relate to the interactions of the
four subsystems of the Earth as illustrated below.

EARTH’S SYSTEM GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

HYDROSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE GEOSPHERE
 What I Have Learned

A. Fill
me Up with Earth’s System!

Direction: Identify the subsystems, its component/s and the interactions involved
as indicated by the white blank in the given illustration. Explain you answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

15
 What I Can Do

A. Where do you Think Life Exist?

Directions: The following table contains pictures of different places on Earth.
Describe what each photo is showing. Examine whether it is possible or impossible
for life to exist there. If you think so, list some of the organisms which you think may
exist in these places and the interactions involve.
What is this Do you think there is life here? If so, what
A place on Earth image possible organism/s may exist here and
showing? how may they thrive?

16
 B. Concept Mapping
Directions: Complete the concept map by filling in the necessary information
pertaining on the subsystems of the Earth. Analyze the flow of concepts through the
diagram.

all To form

there are on or near

which

namely

consist of

consist of
consist of Is a

in of

17
 Summary

Earth is the only planet in the solar system where life of plants, animals, and
even microorganisms is possible. These salient features of Earth include distance
from the sun, right atmospheric conditions, availability of liquid water and even water
vapor and solid ice, influence of the moon, continuous flow of energy and nutrients in
the system, strong magnetic field and a fitting greenhouse effect to warm the planet.

There are four main subsystems of the Earth. The atmosphere is an envelope
of gases protecting the surface of the planet from ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
The hydrosphere comprised all the bodies of water such as ocean, sea, rivers, lakes
and glaciers. The geosphere is the solid portion of earth which is consist also of the
lithosphere where the crust, mantle and core are found. The biosphere is consisting
of all life forms. These systems interact and are interconnected in sustaining life in
varied forms.
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Direction: Select the letter of your choice. Write it in CAPITAL form. Your answers should be
written on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following describes a habitable Earth?

A. right distance from the Sun
B. presence of oxygen in the hydrosphere
C. has a weak magnetic field
D. dominant presence of solid ice
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the hydrosphere is important?
E. It sustains various life forms
F. It helps in regulating the atmosphere
G. It plays an important role in ecosystems
H. It plays a major role in the movement of tectonic plates
3. Which of the following is NOT a correct description of oxygen gas (O2)?
E. use by animals for respiration
F. taken in by plants for photosynthesis
G. converted to carbon dioxide during respiration
H. a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to living organisms
4. Which of the following describes a Goldilocks Zone?
E. a zone composed mainly of frozen water
F. a region where life is impossible to exists
G. a zone composed only of rocks and other celestial debris
H. an area where the temperature is not too hot and not too cold
5. Which of the following is an important characteristic of earth in sustaining life?
E. Earths’ position beyond the Goldilocks zone
F. The atmosphere that blocks the rays of the sun from reaching Earth
G. The abundant nitrogen in the atmosphere made life possible on Earth
H. The presence of liquid water which plays a vital role for cell’s metabolism
6. Which of the following is the reason for the importance of Earth’s subsystems?
E. The subsystem influence Earth’s encounter with space objects.
F. The subsystems contribute scarcely in flow of matter and energy
G. The subsystems barely influence the survival of different organisms
H. The subsystems influence the climate, geological processes, and life on Earth.
7. Why is the ozone layer important in sustaining life on earth?
E. It is where Earth satellites orbit and auroras show.
F. It influences hydro-meteorological phenomenon such as storms.
G. It shields the Earth the Sun's ultraviolet radiation and keeps the planet warm.
H. It is where celestial objects get burned and disintegrated upon entering Earth.
8. Which subsystem helps regulate the temperature of the Earth so we do not experience
too much hotness or coldness.
B. Biosphere B. Lithosphere C. Atmosphere D. Hydrosphere
9. Which subsystem do bodies of water surround the Earth a part of?
B. Hydrosphere B. Geosphere C. Biosphere D. Atmosphere
10. In which subsystem are gases such as oxygen gas, water vapor, and nitrogen gas
found?
B. Hydrosphere B. Geosphere C. Biosphere D. Atmosphere
 Key to Answers

A. Pre-test and Post test

1. A
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. D

Concept map on the 4 subsystems of the Earth

20
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Department of Education. Characteristics of Earth and Subsystems of Earth. Learning

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bird/477499086/.

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