College of agricultural

engineering and technology,

parbhani.
Name: Lokhande Santosh Dharaji
Reg.No.: 2018AEPB37
Submitted to: Prof. M. R. More

Course teacher and In-charge officer Training

cell (CAET,VNMKV, Parbhani. )
WELCOME
 TRACTOR
 ENGINE
 (The heart of tractor)
 ENGINE DEFINATION

It is the device which converts the thermal energy of the

working substance into useful mechanical energy.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINE
Heat engine

EC Engine
(Steam IC Engine
Engine)

Reciprocating Rotary Turbine

Wankel Engine
Engine Engine

CI Engine SI engine
(Diesel) (Petrol)

2- Stroke 4- Stroke 2- Stroke 4- Stroke

2-Stroke diesel engine
4-Stroke diesel engine
 ENGINE SYSTEM
1) Fuel system

2) Cooling system

3) Lubrication system

4) Intake and exhaust system

5) Governing system
 FUEL SYSTEM
 Fuel is a substance consumed by the engine to
produce energy.
 The process of fuel combustion converts chemical
energy of the fuel into heat energy.
 Fuel combustion in I.C. engine takes place in two
ways-
1.Spark Ignition
2.Compression Ignition
 Tractors have compression ignition engine.
 FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM OF DIESEL
ENGINE
Fuel system of diesel engine consists of the following
components-
1. Fuel tank
2. High pressure pipe
3. Fuel lift pump or feed pump
4. Over flow valve
5. Fuel filter
6. Fuel injector
7. Fuel injection pump
8. Governor
Fig. Diesel fuel system
 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM
 The system using injectors, injection pump, fuel filter
and fuel lines is called as fuel injection system.
 Diesel fuel is injected in diesel engine through injectors
with the help of fuel injection pump.
 Process of fuel injection in diesel engine is of two types
 Air Injection
 Solid Injection-
(i) Common rail system
(ii) Individual pump system
(iii) Distributry system
 FUEL INJECTION PUMP
 Parts of fuel injection
pump
1. FIP Body
2. Control rack
3. Plunger
4. Barrel
5. Delivery Valve
&Holder
6. C Lock
7. End cap
Fig. Parts of fuel injection pump
8. End cap lock
9. Delivery valve sheet
10.Valve return spring
 COOLING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
➢ Fuel is burnt inside the cylinder of an internal combustion
engine to produce power.
➢ The temperature produced on the power stroke of an
engine can be as high as 1600°C and this is greater than
melting point of engine parts.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
Engine
cooling
system

Water cooling Air cooling

Forced
Thermosiphon
circulation
cooling
cooling

Open system Closed system

Thermostat Pressurized
cooling water cooling
 FORCED CIRCULATION COOLING
The system consist of :
• Water pump
• Radiator
• Fan
• Fan-belt
• Water jacket
• Thermostat valve
• Temperature gauge
• Hose pipe

Fig. Forced circulation system

 Lubrication system
Functions:

1) Reduce friction between moving part

2) Absorb and dissipate heat

3) Seal the piston rings and cylinder walls

4) Clean and flushes moving part

5) Help deaden noise of engine

Types of Lubrication System

1. Splash system
2. Forced feed system
3. Combination of splash and forced feed system
Circulating Splash System
Force feed lubrication system
 INTAKE AND EXHAUST SYSTEM

 The intake and exhaust system deals with the inflow of

fresh air and out flow of used gases in the engine. In
tractors Intake and Exhaust (muffler) system consists of:
1. Air cleaner
2. Inlet–manifold.
3. Exhaust-manifold.
4. Exhaust pipe
5. Exhaust muffler and pre cleaner fitted above the air
cleaner.
Following is a flow diagram of intake and exhaust system of tractor:

Combustion
Air pre cleaner Inlet manifold
chamber

Fig. Flow Chart Of Inlet System

Combustion Exhaust
Exhaust muffler
chamber manifold

Fig. Flow Chart Of Exhaust System

 POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OF
TRACTOR:
• The term transmission refers to the whole drive train
including clutch, gearbox, (for rear-wheel drive),
differential, and final drive shafts.

• Drive train- Path followed by power from engine to

rear wheel.

Fig. Power transmission system

The power transmission system consists of

1. Engine
2. Clutch
3. Transmission gears
4. Differential
5. Final drive
6. Real axle
7. Rear wheels
 CLUTCH

 A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages the

power transmission, especially from driving shaft to driven shaft.
 It is located between flywheel and gearbox.
 Clutch keeps the gear box in neutral position
 TYPES OF CLUTCH
Clutches are mainly of three types:
➢ Friction clutch-
1. Single plate clutch
2. Multiple plate clutch
➢ Dog clutch
➢ Fluid coupling
 SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH
Main components :
clutch plate, pressure plate, pressure spring, clutch cover, release bearing,
finger , clutch pedal.

Fig. Single plate clutch

MULTIPLE PLATE CLUTCH

Fig. Multiple plate clutch

 GEAR BOX

Definition-
A set of gears with its casing called as gearbox.
Function-
1.Change the direction of motion.
2.Change the speed & torque.
3.Transmit power from engine crankshaft to rear wheel.
4.To shift the drive in neutral position.
 GEAR BOX
Definition-
A set of gears with its casing called as gearbox.
Function-
1.Change the direction of motion.
2.Change the speed & torque.
3.Transmit power from engine crankshaft to rear wheel.
4.To shift the drive in neutral position.
 Sliding Mesh Gear Box

 A sliding mesh type gear box in which the power of

engine comes from clutch shaft which is engaging with
engine shaft.
Fig. Working of sliding mesh gear box
Advantages:
1.Easy manufacture.
2.Easy mechanism.
3.Less maintenance due to less moving parts.
Disadvantages:
1.More noise and vibration.
2.Splashing condition.
3.Helical gears can not be used.
 Constant Mesh Gear Box

➢ In this type, the gear of counter shaft and main are

always meshed each other.
Advantages:
1.Dog clutches are easy to replace.
2.All gears are in constant mesh.
3.Less noise and vibration.
Disadvantages:
1.Lower efficiency as compared to sliding mesh gear
box.
2.Complicated working.
3.Higher manufacturing cost.
 Synchromesh Gear Box

 It is basically a constant meshed type gear box having

an extra device called synchronizer to equlize the speed
of mating parts before they engaged.
Advantages:
1.Almost noiseless.
2.High efficiency.
3.More life than constant mesh gear
box.
Disadvantages:
1.High maintenance cost and time.
2.Skilled operator is required.
3.Construction is complicated.
 BREAK

Definition:
● It is device use to stop or slow down the motion of the vehicle.
● It is mounted on the driving axle and operated by two
independent pedals.

Principle of operation-
●Breaks works on the principle of the friction
● When moving element is brought in to contact with stationery
element, motion of moving element is affected.
 TYPES OF BRAKE
➢ Mechanical brake-
1.Drum brake
2.Disc brake
➢ Hydraulic brake
➢ Power brake-
1.Air brake
2.Air hydraulic brake
3.Vaccum brake
4.Electric brake
 DISC BEAKE

 In a disc brake, the fluid

from the master cylinder
is forced into a caliper
where it presses against
a piston.
 The piston in turn
squeezes two brake
pads against the disc
(rotor), which is
attached to wheel,
forcing it to slow down
or stop.
 DRUM BRAKE

 The drum brake has a

metal brake drum that
encloses the brake
assembly at each
wheel.
 Two curved brake shoes
expand outward to slow
or stop the drum which
rotates with the wheel.
 HYDRULIC BRAKE
 Hydraulics is the use of a liquid under
pressure to transfer force or motion, or
to increase an applied force.
 The pressure on a liquid is called
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE.
 And the brakes which are operated
by means of hydraulic pressure are
called HYDRAULIC BRAKES.
 These brakes are based on the
principle of Pascal’s low.
 Types Of Hydraulic System
 1 Open Hydraulic System
 2 Closed Hydraulic System

Fig. open-center system Fig. close-center system

 Benifits of hydraulic system

 The hydraulic system is easy to operating than

mechanical linkage system.
 A good range of speed of operation is possible.
 Less wear&tear occour due to self lubricating.
 Heavy work can be done easily.
 Care & Maintenance

 Refills the hyadraulic oil.

 Replace&clean the hydralic filter regulary.
 Keep the tubes&rubber hoses tight.
 Protect the system from dust&contaminant.
 Do not use improper grade of oil.
 Keep the eyes and ears open to any sudden change in
sound.
 Change a strainer on a hydraulic pump.
 Check and record hydraulic pressures.
ELECTRIC system
of tractor
 Parts of Electrical System

 Battery  Alternator
 Dynamo  Plough Light
 Indicator  Electrical Wires
 Head lights  Dashboard
 Self Starter  Horn
 Electrical Fuses  Dash bord
 Dynamo Alternator

Indicators
Self Starter
Fig. Dashboard Fig. Electrical Fuses
 Battery
Combination of two or more cells.
 Functions Of Battery
1. Supply current for starting, lighting and horn.
2. Stabilization of voltage in the electrical system by supplying
current electrical accessories when the charging system is
running at slow speed.
3. Storing of current produced by dynamo/ alternator and to
supply to electrical accessories..
 Battery Current Capacity

Ampere current can be given in one hour by

the battery is called battery current capacity.

Battery current = No. of positive * 15

capacity plates
 Preparation Of An Electrolyte

 Use glass material or battery container for mixture.

 Two parts of distilled water and one part of
concentrated sulphuric acid is used for preparing the
electrolyte solution.
 Keep the solution to become cool for 4 to 5 hours.
 Measure the specific gravity of electrolyte using
hydrometer.
 Electrolyte should be kept at 10 to 15 mm above the
plates.