1. FOSS GIS stands for Free and Open Source Software for GIS.

It is the name of non-profit organization

situated in Germany which promotes Free and Open Source Software and free Geodata. The four
characteristics of FOSS are as follows:

• Community based distributed development: The foundation of open source software is

community. Once the software is first launched and successful, then a community of project is
established. Users can easily share their thoughts about the software with developers, leading
to enhanced functionality and ease of use. These globally distributed software development by
virtual teams guarantees flexibility, lower costs, enhanced resource utilization, and
responsiveness.
• Modular design: It is divided the software architecture into components called modules. With
modular design, there is abstraction, concurrent development, and increased understanding of
the system. Because FOSS has a distributed nature, it must follow modular design pattern that
can be easily integrated into the system. Modular design having well-defined interfaces helps
in effective collective development of FOSS.
• Reusability: It means that parts of the code can be used to again to add new functionalities
with zero to little modification. FOSS licenses allow the developers to take the source code,
inspect it, modify it, and distribute it. FOSS licenses implicitly encourage a developer to reuse
the code.
• Distribution and licensing: The medium for distribution of FOSS is internet. Download
websites, blogs, mailing lists, forum and many more contribute to the wide spread popularity
and distribution of FOSS.

Copyright is to protect authors of software or documentation from unauthorized copying or selling of

their work. A copyright means that only with authors permission a third party may partake in such
activities. Whereas, copyleft is a method for software or documentation to be modified, distributed back
to the community.

3. In general, classification algorithm, is a function that considers the input feature so that the output
can separate one class into positive values and other into negative values.

Feature space refers to the collection of features that are used in characterization of any data. For
example, consider the data of people, in that data feature space could be gender, height, age, and
weight.

5. Map projection is needed to have detailed study of a region which is not possible to do from a globe.
The essential properties of map projection are, shape distance, direction, scale and area.

6. Accuracy describes how close a measurement is to actual value and is often expressed as probability.
Whereas precision refers to the variance of value when repeated measurements are taken.
"I hereby declare that the following solutions are a result of my own work, that no part of any of the
solutions have been copied from any source on the Internet or any other student's submission, and that
I have not allowed anyone to copy my work."

Name: Kaveri Biswas

Date: 2nd December, 2020

Signature:
Kaveri
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