VLAN,VTP & INTER VLAN

ACN - 2
 Collision vs. Broadcast Domains
 Collision Domain:- Collision domain is a section of a network
where data packet can collide with each other when being sent
on a sheared medium.
 Collision domain occurs when more than one device attempts to
send packet on a network segment at the same time.
 Each port on a hub is in the same collision domain. Each port on a
bridge, a switch or router is in a separate collision domain.
Collision vs. Broadcast Domains
 Broadcast Domain:- Broadcast domain is the logical division
of computer networks where every node can reach one
another by broadcasting at data link layer.
 All ports on a hub or a switch are by default in the same
broadcast domain. All ports on a router are in the different
broadcast domains
 Virtual LANs (VLANs)
 Definition: A logical grouping of network users and
resources connected to administratively defined ports on a
switch.
 A VLAN acts like a physical LAN, but it allows hosts to be grouped
together in the same broadcast domain even if they are not
connected to the same switch.
 Organized by:
 Location
 Function
 Department
 Application or protocol
 Example : VLAN

Four hosts are connected to a Layer-2 switch that supports VLANs:

• HostA and HostB belong to VLAN 100
• HostC and HostD belong to VLAN 200
 Advantages of VLANs

 VLANs provide the several benefits:

 Broadcast Control – eliminates unnecessary broadcast traffic,
improving network performance and scalability.
 Security – logically separates users and departments, allowing
administrators to implement access-lists to control traffic
between VLANs.
 Flexibility – removes the physical boundaries of a network,
allowing a user or device to exist anywhere.
Types of VLAN connection
 There are two types of VLAN connection links and they are
1. Access link
2. Trunk link

 Access link: An access link is a link that is part of only

one VLAN, and normally access links are for end devices.
 Trunk link: A Trunk link can carry multiple VLAN traffic
and normally a trunk link is used to connect switches to
other switches or to routers. To identify the VLAN that
a frame belongs to.
VLAN Frame tagging: Understanding
IEEE 802.1Q Encapsulation
 A trunk is a point-to-point link between the device and another
networking device. Trunks carry the traffic of multiple VLANs
over a single link and allow you to extend VLANs across an entire
network.
 To correctly deliver the traffic on a trunk port with several
VLANs, the device uses the IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation (tagging)
method that uses a tag that is inserted into the frame header. This
tag carries information about the specific VLAN to which the
frame and packet belong.
 This method allows packets that are encapsulated for several
different VLANs to traverse the same port and maintain traffic
separation between the VLANs.
Inter VLAN
 Inter-VLAN can be define as routing as a process of
forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another VLAN
using a router or layer 3 device.
Router-On-A-Stick
 Router-on-a-stick is a type of router configuration in which a
single physical interface manages traffic between multiple
VLANs on a network. The router receives VLAN tagged
traffic on the trunk interface from the nearby switch (SW1),
and forwards the routed traffic out to VLAN tagged
destination using the same interface
 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
 VTP allows a network manager to configure a switch so
that it will propagate VLAN configurations to other
switches in the network.
 VTP minimizes misconfigurations and configuration
inconsistencies that can cause problems, such as duplicate
VLAN names or incorrect VLAN-type specifications. VTP
helps you simplify management of the VLAN database
across multiple switches.
Why need VTP?
 VTP Benefits
 Benefits
 Consistent configuration
 Permits trunking over mixed networks
 Accurate tracking
 Dynamic reporting
 Plug-and-Play
 A VTP server must be created to manage VLANs
VTP Modes
 How VTP Works?
 To make switches exchange their VLAN information with each other,
they need to be configured in the same VTP domain. Only switches
belonging to the same domain share their VLAN information. When a
change is made to the VLAN database, it is propagated to all switches
via VTP advertisements.
 To maintain domain consistency, only one switch should be allowed
to create (or delete, modify) new VLANs. This switch is like the
“master” of the whole VTP domain and it is operated in Server
mode. This is also the default mode.
 Other switches are only allowed to receive and forward updates from
the “server” switch. They are operated in Client mode. Switches in
this mode cannot create, delete or modify VLANs.
How VTP Works? Contn…
 In transparent mode, a switch maintains its own VLAN
database and never learn any VTP information from other
switches (even from the switch in VTP server mode).
 However, it still forwards VTP advertisements from the
server to other switches (but doesn’t read that
advertisement). A transparent switch can add, delete and
modify VLAN database locally.
VTP solve the problem!