General Skills Mohmmad T.

Obeidat Module 5

Module 5 – Decision Making & Problem Solving

We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used
when we created them” -Albert Einstein
‫ – اﻟﺑﯾرت آﯾﻧﺷﺗﯾن‬.‫ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻧﻘدر ﻧﺣل ﻣﺷﺎﻛﻠﻧﺎ ﺑﻧﻔس اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر اﻟﻲ ﺧﻼﻧﺎ ﻧﺳﺑﺑﮭم‬-

• What is problem solving? ‫ﻣﺎ ھو "ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل"؟‬

 Problem solving is the process of working through details of a

problem to reach a solution.
.‫ ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل ھﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﻟﻠوﺻول ﻟﺣل‬-

 When you actively engage in problem solving, you should first

identify the specific problem needing to be solved, and then
you should remove the wrong solutions
.‫ وﺑﻌدﯾن ﺗﺳﺗﺛﻧﻲ اﻟﺣﻠول اﻟﺧﺎطﺋﺔ‬,‫ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﻷول ﺗﺣدد اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﮭﺎ ﺣل‬,‫ ﻟﻣﺎ ﺗﯾﺟﻲ ﺑدك ﺗﺣل ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬-

 As long as you are breathing, you can solve problems.

.‫ ﺑﺗﻘدر ﺗﺣل ﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬,‫ طﺎﻟﻣﺎ إﻧك ﺑﺗﺗﻧﻔس‬-

 Problems can also be chances: they allow you to see things

from a different perspective and to do things in a different way:
perhaps to make a new start.
.‫ إﻧك ﺗﺑدأ ﺑداﯾﺔ ﺟدﯾدة‬:‫ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ وإﻧك ﺗﺳوي أﺷﯾﺎء‬,‫ ﺑﺧﻠوك ﺗﺷوف اﻷﺷﯾﺎء ﻣن ﻣﻧظور ﻣﺧﺗﻠف‬:‫ اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت ﻣﻣﻛن ﯾﻛوﻧوا ﻓرص‬-

‫اﯾش ﻣﻌﻠم‬

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General Skills Mohmmad T. Obeidat Module 5

• Whatever issue you encounter, some steps are basic: ‫ﺧطوات ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬
 Identify the problem ‫ﺣدد اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬
 Define the problem ‫ﺗﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬
ّ
 Examine the options ‫إﻓﺣص اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات‬
 Act on a plan ‫ﺗﺻر ف ﺑﻧﺎءا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧطﺔ‬
ّ
 Look at the consequences ‫أﻧظر ﻟﻠﻌواﻗب‬

This is the IDEAL model of problem-solving.

• Any job will also bring problems to be encountered. It is important to

show to an employer that you have the right skills to resolve these
problems, and the personal toughness to deal with the challenges
and pressure they may bring.
‫ واﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‬.‫ظ ف إﻧك ﻋﻧدك ﻣﮭﺎرات ﻣﺷﺎن ﺗﺣل ھﺎي اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬
ِ ‫ إﺷﻲ ﻛﺛﯾر ﻣﮭم ﺗﻔرﺟﻲ اﻟﻣو‬.‫ أي وظﯾﻔﺔ ﺑﺗﺟﯾب ﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﻻزم ﻧواﺟ ّﮭ ﺎ‬-
.‫إﻧك ﺗﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻊ اﻟﺗﺣدﯾﺎت واﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻲ ﺑﺗﻔرﺿﮭﺎ‬

• You need to be able to: ‫ﻻزم ﺗﻛون ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ‬

 Evaluate information or situations ‫ﺗﻘدﯾر اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت واﻟﻣواﻗف‬

 Break them down into their basic components ‫ﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬
 find various ways of approaching and resolving them
‫ﺗﻼﻗﻲ طرق ﻋدﯾدة ﻣﺷﺎن ﺗﺣﻠﮭم‬
 Decide on the most appropriate of these ways ‫ﺗﺣدد أﻛﺛر اﻟطرق ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬

Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. Creativity is

just connecting things. When you ask creative people how they did
something, they feel a little guilty because they didn’t really do it, they
just saw something. It seemed obvious to them after a while. That’s
because they were able to connect experiences they’ve had and
synthesize new things.

-Steve Jobs

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General Skills Mohmmad T. Obeidat Module 5

• Solving these problems involves various skills. Which particular skills

are needed will differ, depending on the problem and your role in
the organization, but the following skills are key to problem-solving:
‫ ودورك‬.‫ﺑﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧوع اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ أي ﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻲ ﻻزم اﻟواﺣد ﯾﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮫ‬,‫ ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﺑﺳﺗﻠزم اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻟﻣﮭﺎرات‬-
.‫ ھﻲ ﻣﮭﺎرات ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻣﺷﺎن ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ‬

1.Lateral Thinking is the ability to think creatively, or "outside the

box" as it is sometimes referred to in business, to use your inspiration
and imagination to solve problems by looking at them from unexpected
perspectives. Lateral thinking involves discarding the obvious, leaving
behind traditional modes of thought, and throwing away
preconceptions.
‫ ﻟﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم إﻟﮭﺎﻣك وﻣﺧﯾﻠﺗك‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫ ھﺎﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺢ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬.‫ اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر اﻟﺟﺎﻧﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﻣور ھو اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر ﺑﺈﺑداع أو ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺻﻧدوق‬-
‫إﻋﺗﯾﺎدي اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر اﻟﺟﺎﻧﺑﻲ ﺑﺷﻣل إھﻣﺎل اﻷﺷﯾﺎء اﻹﻋﺗﯾﺎدﯾﺔ وﺗرك اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر اﻟﻌﺎدة وﺗرك‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺎن ﺗﺣل ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﺑس ﻣن ﻣﺟرد اﻟﻧظر اﻟﮭﺎ ﻣن ﻣﻧظور ﻏﯾر‬
.‫اﻟﻣﻌﺗﻘدات اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬

2.Initiative is the power or opportunity to act or take charge before

others do.
.‫ اﻟﻣﺑﺎدرة ھﻲ اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ إﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرارت ﻗﺑل اﻟﻧﺎس اﻵﺧرﯾن‬-

3.Logical Reasoning is the process of using a rational, systematic series

of steps based on sound mathematical procedures and given
statements to arrive at a conclusion.
.‫ اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﻲ ھو ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ إﺳﺗﺧدام ﺧطوات ﻣﻧطﻘﯾﺔ ﻣﺷﺎن ﺗوﺻل ﻟﺣل ﻣﺎ‬-

4.Persistence is when you continue to do something even though it is

difficult or other people are against it.
.‫ اﻹﺻرار ھو ﻟﻣﺎ ﺗﻛﻣل ﺑﺈﺷﻲ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻟو إﻧﮫ ﺻﻌب وﻟو ﻛﺎﻧوا ﻛل اﻟﻧﺎس ﺿدك‬-

‫ﯾزم‬ ‫ﺟوﻋﺎن‬

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• Barriers to problem solving ‫ُﻣ ﻌﯾﻘﺎت ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬

1. Failure to recognize the problem ‫اﻟﻔﺷل ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬

2. Making a hasty choice ‫إﺗﺧﺎذ ﻗرارت ﻣﺗﺳرﻋﺔ‬
3. Failure to consider all consequences ‫اﻟﻔﺷل ﻓﻲ ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﻌواﻗب‬
4. Conceiving the problem too narrowly ‫ﻓﮭم اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﺿﯾّﻖ‬

• Stages to solving a problem ‫ﺧطوات ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬

• What is decision making? ‫ﻣﺎ ھو إﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرارات؟‬

 Decision making can be defined as the process of m aking choices among

possible alternatives
.‫ُﻌرف ﻛﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﺣدﯾد ﺧﯾﺎر ﻣﻌﯾن ﺿﻣن ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﺧﯾﺎرات‬
ّ ‫ إﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرارت ﯾ‬-
 A decision is made when there are many things you can do and you choose
one of them. You make lots of decisions everyday!
.‫ اﻟﻘرار ﯾؤﺧذ ﻟﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻓﻲ ﻋﻧدك ﻛﺛﯾر ﺷﻐﻼت ﺑﺗﻘدر ﺗﻌﻣﻠﮭﺎ ﺑس ﺑدك ﺗﺧﺗﺎر أﻧﺳب واﺣد‬-

 Some decisions are easy like -----where shall I eat my lunch?

‫ زي ﺷو ﺑدﱠك ﺗوﻛل؟‬,‫ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات اﻟﺳﮭﻠﺔ‬-
 Some decisions are difficult like.......choosing a major, changing a job or
choosing a life partner.
‫ة‬/‫ أو اﺧﺗﯾﺎر زوج‬,‫ ﺗﻐﯾﯾر وظﯾﻔﺔ‬,‫ إﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﺗﺧﺻص‬,‫ زي ﺷو ﺑ ّدِك ﺗوﻛﻠﻲ؟‬,‫ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات ﺻﻌﺑﺔ‬-

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General Skills Mohmmad T. Obeidat Module 5

What is the secret of success? ‫ﻣﺎ ھو ﺳر اﻟﻧﺟﺎح؟‬

Right decisions. ‫اﻟﻘرارات اﻟﺻﺎﺋﺑﺔ‬
How do you make right decisions? ‫ﻛﯾف ﺗﺗﺧذ ﻗرارات ﺻﺎﺋﺑﺔ‬
Experience ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺑرة‬
How do you gain experience? ‫ﻛﯾف ﺑﺗﻛﺳب ﺧﺑرة؟‬
Wrong decisions ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘرارات اﻟﺧﺎطﺋﺔ‬
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (former President of India) ‫زﻟﻣﺔ ﻓﮭﻣﺎن أوي‬

• The main steps in decision making are: ‫ﺧطوات ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻘرارات‬

1. Clarify the nature of the problem before deciding action. ‫ﺣدد طﺑﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ‬
What is the purpose of the decision? ‫ﻣﺎ ھدف اﻟﻘرار؟‬
What is the expected outcome? ‫ﺷو رح ﯾﺟﻲ ﻣن ورا ھﺎﻟﻘرار‬
What are the key priorities: time, money, quality? Will a quick, cheap and cheerful
solution do or do you need to invest time and cash to get things absolutely right?
‫ اﻟﺟﮭد؟ ﺑزﺑط ﺣل ﺳﮭل وﻻ ﻻزم ﺣل ﺑﺳﺗﻠزم وﻗت وﻣﺻﺎري؟‬,‫ اﻟﻧﻘود‬,‫ اﻟوﻗت‬:‫ ﺷو أھم اﻷوﻟوﯾﺎت‬-

2. Collect and summarize the data systematically. ‫إﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت وﻟﺧﺻﮭﺎ‬

 Decisions can't be made in a vacuum! Gather, collate, classify and organize the
information you need to make a decision. You need to analyze and evaluate all the
important factors in making the decision. Analyze the various factors involved in the
problem and identify the key ones.
‫ ﻻزم ﺗدرس‬.‫ اﻟﻘرارت ﻻ ﺗؤﺧذ ﻣن ﻓراغ! ﺟ ّﻣﻊ وﺣدد ورﺗب اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت اﻟﻲ ﺑﺗﺣﺗﺎﺟﮭﺎ ﻣﺷﺎن ﺗﺗﺧذ ﻗرار‬-
.‫ ﺣدد اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﻲ ﺳﺑﺑت اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ وﺣدد أھﻣﮭم‬,‫وﺗﻘدّر ﻛل اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻹﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرار‬
 Highlight any critical factors upon which the success on the decision will hinge.
Sound out the views and opinions of others: they may see something you have
missed.
.‫ أطﻠب آراء اﻵﺧرﯾن ﯾﻣﻛن ﯾﺷوﻓو إﺷﻲ اﻧت ﻣش ﺷﺎﯾﻔﮫ‬.‫ ﺣدد أي ﻋواﻣل ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﺑﺗﺣﻘﻖ ﻧﺟﺎح اﻟﻘرار‬-

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3. Use creativity/initiative in the generation of alternative solutions to the problem.

‫ إﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﺑﺎدرة واﻹﺑداع ﻹﺑﺗﻛﺎر ﺣﻠول ﺑدﯾﻠﺔ‬-

 Produce a list of all the courses of action you can think of without trying to narrow
these down. At this stage just produce a list of possible courses of action without
trying to evaluate these.
‫ ﺑﮭﺎي اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ أﻧﺗﺞ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺧطوات‬,‫ أﻛﺗب ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺧطوات اﻟﻲ ﺑدك ﺗﺗﺧذھﺎ ﺑدون ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻠل اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات‬-

 Brainstorming may help here ‫اﻟﻌﺻف اﻟذھﻧﻲ ﻣﻣﻛن ﯾﺳﺎﻋد ھون‬

Think outside the box: don't just look at the obvious and tried and tested options.
‫ ﻓﻛر ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺻﻧدوق وﻣﺎ ﺗطﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺷﯾﺎء اﻹﻋﺗﯾﺎدﯾﺔ واﻟﺣﻠول اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ واﻟ ُﻣﺟرﺑﱠﺔ‬-

• How to brainstorm: ‫ﻛﯾف ﺑﻧﻌﻣل ﻋﺻف ذھﻧﻲ؟‬

 The purpose of brainstorming is to produce as many possible options as

possible without evaluating them.
.‫ اﻟﮭدف ﻣن اﻟﻌص ف اﻟذھﻧﻲ ھو إﻧك ﺗﻧﺗﺞ أﻛﺑر ﻋدد ﻣﻣﻛن ﻣن اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات ﺑدون ﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﺳﺑﮭم أو ﺗدرﺳﮭم‬-

 Get a blank sheet of paper and write down any idea or possible solution
which may help.
.‫ ﺟﯾب ورﻗﺔ ﻓﺎﺿﯾﺔ وأﻛﺗب أي ﻓﻛرة أو ﺣل ﻣﻌﯾن ﻣﻣﻛن ﯾﺳﺎﻋدك‬-

 Don't censor your ideas. Write down everything, no matter how silly or
insignificant to keep the flow going as once idea might lead to another.
‫ﻣﺎﺷﯾﺔ ﻷﻧﮫ أي ﻓﻛرة رح ﺗودﯾك ﻟﻔﻛرة‬ ‫ أﻛﺗب ﻛﻠﺷﻲ ﺑﻐض اﻟﻧظر ﻋن ﻗدﯾش ھو ﺳﺧﯾف ﻋﺷﺎن ﺗﺧﻠﻲ اﻷﻓﻛﺎر ﺗﺿﻠﮭﺎ‬,‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻐطﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻛﺎرك‬-
.‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬

 Only when all the ideas have dried up, cross out or adapt all the weaker
ideas: this should still leave you with a number of possible solutions.
.‫ ﻻزم ﯾﺿل ﻋﻧدك ﺣﻠول ﻋدﯾدة‬.‫ أﺷطب اﻷﻓﻛﺎر اﻟﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ‬.‫ ﺑس ﻟﻣﺎ ﺗﺣس ﺣﺎﻟك ﺗﻧّﺣت وﺑطل ﻋﻧد أﻓﻛﺎر‬-

 Brainstorming can be done in a group, in which case no comments should

be made about the decisions proposed or group members put down for
proposing unusual ideas.
‫ ﺑﮭﺎﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺣدا ﯾﻌﻠّﻖ ﻋﺣﻛﻲ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ وﯾﺣﺎول ﯾﺻﯾر ﻧﮭﻔﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬.‫ اﻟﻌﺻف اﻟذھﻧﻲ ﻣﻣﻛن ﯾﺗم ﺑﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬-

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4. Produce a SHORT list of the best options. ‫أﻛﺗب ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻗﺻﯾرة ﻷﻓﺿل اﻟﺣﻠول‬

 Remove any obviously poorer choices. Don't have too many options in
your final list or it will be too confusing. Differentiate between practical
and impractical solutions.
.‫ﺑﯾن اﻟﺣﻠول اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ واﻟﺣﻠول اﻟﻐﯾر ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓرق‬
ّ .‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺛﯾر ﺧﯾﺎرات ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻣﺗك اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ أو رح ﯾﻛون ﻛﺛﯾر ﻋﻘﺟﺔ‬.‫ ﺷﯾل اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات اﻟﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ‬-

5. Make your decision ‫إﺗﺧذ ﻗرارك‬

 For each of your shortlist of options consider its advantages and

disadvantages. Try to recognize any inconsistencies in your reasoning and
question any assumptions you have made.
‫ ﺣﺎول إﻧّك‬.(‫ﻓواﺋد )اﻷﺷﯾﺎء اﻟﻣش ﻧﺎﯾس‬-‫ أﻛﺗب اﻟﻔواﺋد واﻟدﯾس‬,‫ ﻷي ﻣن اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات اﻟﻣوﺟودﯾن ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬-
.‫ إﺳﺄل ﺣﺎﻟك أﺳﺋﻠﺔ ﻋن اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات اﻟﻲ ﺣطﯾﺗﮭﺎ‬.‫ﺗﺗﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻧوع ﻣن ﻋدم اﻹﺳﺗﻣرارﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧطﻖ ﺗﺑﻌك‬

6. Implement your decision ‫إﺗﺧذ ﻗرارك وطﺑﻘﮫ‬

 Try to have a backup plan in case your first option doesn't work out.
‫ ﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻧدك ﺧطﺔ ﺑدﯾﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺧﯾﺎر اﻷول ﻣﺎ زﺑط‬-
 Learn to argue your solution if there is opposition from others
.‫ ﺗﻌﻠّم إﻧك ﺗﻧﺎﻗش ﺑﺣﺎﻟك وﺗﻌﯾد اﻟﻧظر ﺑﻘراراﺗك ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎس ﺿدك‬-

 If it is a group decision, consider the implications for the other members of

the team. Communicate your ideas to the other team members, explain
your reasoning and make sure they understand the logic behind it and
get their commitment to carry it out.
‫ ﺗواﺻل ﺑﺄﻓﻛﺎرك ﻷﻋﺿﺎء‬.‫ إﻋﺗﺑر اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻲ ﺗرﻛوھﺎ اﻷﻋﺿﺎء اﻵﺧرﯾن‬,‫ ﻟو ﻛﺎن اﻟﻘرار ُﻣﺗّﺧذ ﻣن ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬-
‫ ﻓﺳر ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ووﺟﮭﺔ ﻧظرك وﺗﺄﻛد إﻧﮭم ﻓﺎھﻣﯾﻧﮫ ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﻧطﻘﻲ وﺣﺎول إﻧك ﺗﺗﺄﻛد إﻧﮭم رح ﯾطﺑﻘوه‬,‫اﻟﻔرﯾﻖ‬

7. Evaluate how well things went ‫ﻗدّر ﻛﯾف ﻣﺷت اﻷﻣول‬

Learn from the experience especially if your solution does not prove
successful!
.‫ ﺗﻌﻠم ﻣن اﻟﺧﺑرات اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟو ﺣﻠك ﻣﺎ طﻠﻊ ﺻﺢ‬-

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General Skills Mohmmad T. Obeidat Module 5

• Barriers to decision making ‫ﻋواﺋﻖ إﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرارات‬

1. Hasty: making quick decisions without thinking.

‫ إﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرارت دون ﺗﻔﻛﯾر‬:‫ اﻟﺗﺳرع‬-

2. Narrow: decision making is based on very limited information.

.‫ إﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرارات ﺑﻧﺎﺋﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻣﺣددة‬:‫ اﻟﺿﯾﻖ‬-

3. Scattered: our ideas and thoughts in decision making are disconnected.

‫ أﻓﻛﺎرﻧﺎ وﺗﻔﻛﯾرﻧﺎ ﻣﺷﺗﺗﯾن‬:‫اﻟﺗﻔرق‬
ّ -

4. Fuzzy: the lack of clarity on important aspects of a decision causes us to

overlook certain important considerations
.‫ ﻋدم وﺿوح أﻣور ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘرار ﺑﺗﺧﻠﯾﻧﺎ ﻧﻐض اﻟﺑﺻر ﻋن ﺷﻐﻼت وﺣﻠول ﻣﮭﻣﺔ‬:‫ ﻋدم اﻟوﺿوح‬-

• Decision Making Process ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ إﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرارات‬

1.Define the decision clearly. ‫ﻋرف اﻟﻘرار ﺑوﺿوح‬ ّ

2.Consider all the possible choices. ‫إﻋﺗﺑر ﻛل اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات اﻟﻣﻣﻛﻧﺔ‬
3. Gather all the relevant information and evaluate all the pros and cons of
each possible choice. ‫إﺟﻣﻊ ﻛل اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت وإﺣﺳب ﻛل اﻟﻔواﺋد واﻟﻣﺳﺎوئ ﻟﻛل ﺧﯾﺎر‬
4.Select the choice that seems to best meet the needs of the situation.‫إﺗﺧذ‬
‫اﻟﻘرار اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳب ﻹﺣﺗﯾﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻣوﻗف‬
5.Implement a plan of action and then monitor the results, making needed
adjustments .‫ﺿﺢ ﺧطﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻣل وراﻗب اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ وإﻋﻣل أي ﺗﻐﯾﯾرات ﻻزﻣﺔ‬

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General Skills Mohmmad T. Obeidat Module 5

• What is action planning? ‫ﻣﺎ ھو ﺗﺧطﯾط اﻷﺣداث؟‬

 Action planning is a process which will help you to focus your ideas and
to decide what steps you need to take to achieve particular goals that
you may have. It is a statement of what you want to achieve over a given
period of time. Preparing an action plan is a good way to help you to reach
your objectives in life: don't worry about the future, start planning for it!
‫ ﺗﺧطﯾط اﻷﺣداث ھو ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺑﺗﺳﺎﻋدك إﻧك ﺗرﻛز أﻓﻛﺎرك وﺗﻘرر أي اﻟﺧطوات اﻟﻲ ﺑدك ﺗﺗﺧذھﺎ ﻣﺷﺎن ﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬-
‫ اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط ﻟﻸﺣداث ھﻲ‬.‫ ھﻲ ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن أﻧت ﺷو ﺑدك ﺗﺣﻘﻖ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺗرة زﻣﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﺣددة‬.‫أھداف ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ ﻋﻧدك‬
!‫ ﺧطط ﺣﯾﺎﺗك وأﻋﻣﻠﮫ ھو ﻗﻠﻖ‬.‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺧﻠﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﯾﺧﻠﯾك ﻗﻠل‬.‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺟﯾدة ﻋﺷﺎن ﺗوﺻل ﻷھداﻓك ﺑﺎﻟﺣﯾﺎة‬

 Action Planning involves: .‫ﺗﺧطﯾط اﻷﺣداث ﯾﺗﺿﻣن‬

1. Identifying your objectives ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد أھداﻓك‬
2. Setting objectives which are achievable & measurable. ‫إﻋﺗﻣﺎد أھداف ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‬
3. Prioritizing your tasks effectively. ‫ﺗﺣط أوﻟوﯾﺎت ﺑﻣﮭﺎﻣك‬
4. Identifying the steps needed to achieve your goals. ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺧطوات اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠوﺻول ﻟﻠﮭدف‬
5. Using lists( keep a to -do-list). (‫إﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻘواﺋم )ﻣﺷﺎن ﺗﻌرف ﺷو ﺑدك ﺗﻌﻣل‬
6. The ability to work effectively under pressure. ‫ﯾﻛون ﻋﻧدك ﻗدرة ﺗﺷﺗﻐل ﺗﺣت اﻟﺿﻐط‬
7. Completing work to a deadline ‫ﯾﻛون ﻋﻧدك ﻗدرة ﺗﺧﻠص ﻋﻣل ﻣﺎ ﻗﺑل ﻣوﻋد ﻣﻌﯾن‬
8. Having a emergency plan .‫ﯾﻛون ﻋﻧدك ﺧطﺔ ﺑدﯾﻠﺔ‬

End of Module 5 – Best wishes <3

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