Trade of COVID 19 Vaccines
Economic
Political
While tariffs on vaccines are unlikely to pose a major
challenge, they remain a barrier in selected markets
and for important vaccine-related inputs
Higher tariffs remain on vaccine-related inputs,
increasing the final price
Sociological
Age groups of 45-60 and 60+ have a higher
vaccination penetration as compared to 18-30
and 30-45 age groups
% of 18-30 age group vaccinated is very low in
poor countries
Legal
Preclinical trials, Phase wise tests, Safety &
Efficacy Review and final launch of Vaccines was
sped up even through legal restrictions, typically it
takes 4-10 years to develop a vaccine
Drug controller groups of various countries eased
up the process and fast tracked vaccine related tests
Several countries are campaigning for a patent
waiver on COVID Vaccines
Sources: OECD.org | Worldometer.info | ourworldindata.org | networkforphl.org | timesofindia.indiatimes.com
PESTLE ANALYSIS Developing economies depend on high-income countries
for vaccines
Richer countries have good vaccination rates, poor
ones are unable to procure and transport
vaccines, increasing their risk of incubating a more
deadlier version of the virus.
Technological
Lack of cold storage transportation caused delayed
vaccination in poor countries
Distribution of vaccines required the use of specialized
warehousing, different modes of transport, and last-mile
delivery
The production of COVID-19 vaccines is geographically
concentrated, but the demand is global
Environmental
There was a sudden reduction of Green House
Gases( GHGs) emission as industries ,
transportation and campaigns have shut down, air
pollution had also decreased
On the other hand Medical waste generation was
increased globally, which is a threat to public health
and the environment
 SWOT Analysis for Trade of Vaccines in Angola Country

Weakness Threats

Economic Dependency on China due Oil price war in 2020 resulted in

to previous loan and weak financials dropping prices of oil and export
revenue for Angola got hit drastically,

S STRENGTHS
Vaccine returns and wastage

Lack of proper health infrastructure

exacerbating its already severe
economic woes.
WEAKNESS
distribution across the country Vaccine demand competition from other
African countries

Angola T
W
Opportunities Strengths
With just 5% of 3.18 crore population Angola’s capital Paz Flor has really
THREATS vaccinated, there is significant scope picked up well in the vaccination drive
for vaccination firms to cater to the across the country, the smooth pre-
OPPORTUNITIES remaining population at lower rates and registration process has already

O employing economies of scale in the

process
received accolades.

Angola has invested heavily in cold

Leverage the existing 21 major chain capacity so all vaccines can be
vaccination hubs across the country to used
pump up the vaccination rate

Angola is making use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BionTech and Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines under WHO’s COVAX scheme.

In Angola, from 3 January 2020 to 5:41pm CEST, 2 July 2021, there have been 38,965 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 903 deaths, reported
to WHO. As of 27 June 2021, a total of 1,488,292 vaccine doses have been administered.

Sources: SCMP.com | covid19.who.int | afro.who.int | edition.cnn.com

 EXCEL SIMULATION ASSUMPTIONS AND STEPS

Initially started with pure trial and error.

Started noticing difference in costs for the same quantity of doses for different countries.

Understood the dependence of costs on the shipping time between from and to pairs.

Tried allocating maximum doses to routes with the lowest shipping time meanwhile maintaining enough supplies from supplier nations.

Did smart trial and error post that and arrived at the solution. Major challenge was allocating for US. Had to find smaller gaps in shipping route.

Finally arrived at a shipping cost of $766,500.

Thank You