EMIL KUNIN

JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Book I

A PRACTICAL COURSE IN
JAZZ IMPROVISATON ON THE
VIOLIN

2010
JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

About the author

Emil Kunin was born to a family of musicians in Moscow, Russia. His father was a
 prominent violinist who was well known for his jazz compositions and arrangements. His
mother was a pianist and music teacher. Kunin graduated from the Violin class at the
Moscow School of Music and received training on the
t he piano from his mother.

After completing high school Kunin entered an Institute for Higher Education in Electronics
and Radio Physics and graduated with a diploma of Engineering. Following this he worked
for many years at the Institute of Scientific Research in the fields of aeronautical and spatial
technical devices.

His experience in science and his knowledge of oscillatory and radio wave physics allowed
him to create a unique method for the development of melodies and of rhythm in music,
 particularly within jazz.

From the age of 16 Kunin was studying jazz violin under the direction of one of the foremost
 jazz musicians in Moscow graduated from the violin class at the “Moscow School of Jazz”.
He went on to quit his engineering career altogether and dedicated his time solely to music,
later he was admitted to the “Moscow Culture Academy” and graduated with the institution
diploma, “Leader of a Jazz Orchestra”.
Kunin has since worked in several Moscow educational music institutions as a jazz violinist
teacher and jazz melody, rhythm and harmony teacher. He has also lectured on the history
and aesthetics of Jazz music. In Moscow he was the leader of the “String Jazz Band” and a
number of other ensembles which perfor med in Moscow‟s best known clubs and other
venues. He has also won first prize at a number of Russian Jazz Festivals.

Kunin has previously published two textbooks, “Violinist in Jazz” and “Rhythm Secrets in
Jazz, Pop and Rock Music” as well as a series of  theoretical articles dedicated to the problems
inherent to teaching jazz.

Kunin now lives in Israel where he follows his true passion of composing, arranging and
teaching jazz music.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

About the author

Emil Kunin was born to a family of musicians in Moscow, Russia. His father was a
 prominent violinist who was well known for his jazz compositions and arrangements. His
mother was a pianist and music teacher. Kunin graduated from the Violin class at the
Moscow School of Music and received training on the
t he piano from his mother.

After completing high school Kunin entered an Institute for Higher Education in Electronics
and Radio Physics and graduated with a diploma of Engineering. Following this he worked
for many years at the Institute of Scientific Research in the fields of aeronautical and spatial
technical devices.

His experience in science and his knowledge of oscillatory and radio wave physics allowed
him to create a unique method for the development of melodies and of rhythm in music,
 particularly within jazz.

From the age of 16 Kunin was studying jazz violin under the direction of one of the foremost
 jazz musicians in Moscow graduated from the violin class at the “Moscow School of Jazz”.
He went on to quit his engineering career altogether and dedicated his time solely to music,
later he was admitted to the “Moscow Culture Academy” and graduated with the institution
diploma, “Leader of a Jazz Orchestra”.
Kunin has since worked in several Moscow educational music institutions as a jazz violinist
teacher and jazz melody, rhythm and harmony teacher. He has also lectured on the history
and aesthetics of Jazz music. In Moscow he was the leader of the “String Jazz Band” and a
number of other ensembles which perfor med in Moscow‟s best known clubs and other
venues. He has also won first prize at a number of Russian Jazz Festivals.

Kunin has previously published two textbooks, “Violinist in Jazz” and “Rhythm Secrets in
Jazz, Pop and Rock Music” as well as a series of  theoretical articles dedicated to the problems
inherent to teaching jazz.

Kunin now lives in Israel where he follows his true passion of composing, arranging and
teaching jazz music.

i
JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Foreword
This book is aimed at musicians who which to enter the world of Jazz music by ear and
 bypass the complicated rules of jazz rhythm,
rhythm, melody, harmony
harmony and styles.
styles.

This book will guide the student in how to perform jazz music, how to improvise in a variety
of styles and also prepare you for more advanced jazz studies.

Before beginning the course it is required that the student has undertaken several years of
classical violin study.

Teaching music, in particular jazz, has much in common with the teaching of other skills
where the aural transmission of knowledge is at the core of good teaching, in fact, the basic
 principle of  Do as I do lies at the heart of this course. This method works by the student
understanding and reproducing
reproducing the musical material and through this step by step, continuous
repetition of the teacher‟s performance the student will slowly absorbed the methodologies
involved.

There are twelve compositions by the author which make up the musical content of this book.
Each of the pieces demonstrates a different aspect of jazz including the  Most commonly
repeated passages and Harmonic patterns.

Composition Structure
Each piece consists of a theme and several choruses of improvisations which are designed to
illustrate the specifics of one style or another. Each piece is included in both the keys of C
and B b along with the author‟s comments and instrumental accompaniments of the study. The
author‟s comments are aimed to resolve the problems present by each Étude and its unique
educational features.
The compositions are presented in order of their melodic and harmonic complexity beginning
with the simplest ones.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Supplemental CD
The author of this book has recorded each piece on a CD which comes as a supplement to the
 book. The CD also contains accompaniment tracks for all the pieces.

***********************************************

Although this book is primarily aimed at violinists, virtually any musician on any kind of
instrument, including „scat‟ singers can use the material presented to their benefit. The book
can be of great value to music teachers as well as composers and arrangers.

The author hopes that this book will facilitate the study of jazz music for many musicians.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Table of Contents
About the Author i
Foreword ii
Composition Structure ii
Supplemental CD iii
Table of Contents 1
Introduction 2
Basic Jazz Traditions 3
Jazz Violin Problems & Recommended Solutions 4
Fingering 4
Intonation 6
Articulation 6
Rhythm 6
Improvisation 6
Method of Study 7
Comments on the Supplemental Études 9
Specific Features of Each Étude 11
Étude No. 1 11
Étude No. 2 11
Étude No. 3 11
Étude No. 4 12
Étude No. 5 12
Étude No. 6 12
Étude No. 7 13
Étude No. 8 13
Étude No. 9 13
Étude No. 10 14
Étude No. 11 14
Étude No. 12 14

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Introduction
Jazz as a genre of music originated at the beginning of the 20 th  century and the use of the
violin as a solo instrument within jazz arose within the first few decades of the century. At
first the development of the violin as a solo instrument within jazz took some time, mainly
due to the prominence of more traditional jazz solo instruments such as the trumpet, clarinet,
trombone, saxophone, piano etc. However, the 1920‟s saw the formation of the first jazz
orchestras which began to include some string sections. Shortly after this a number of world
famous and superb improvising violinists emerged such as Eddie South, Joe Venuti, Stuff
Smith, Stéphane Grappelli and many others. This group of prominent violinists created a
 bright violin style based on the New Orleans Jazz style and on the “swing” style.

During the 50‟s and especially during the 60‟s and 70‟s of the last century a new generation
of jazz violinists came to the stage, players like Harry Lookofsky, Jean-Luc Ponty, Michael
Urbaniek, Didier Lockwood, David Goloschekin, Jerry Goodman and many others, who
 played in more contemporary jazz styles such as bebop, jazz- rock, modal jazz, etc…

Today the violin is accepted as an integral part of jazz music all over the world, this is despite
the fact that it is used less in concerts that many other jazz instruments.

Despite a fairly rich history, the violin as a jazz instrument, with its vast array of expressive
musical possibilities still awaits its full realisation as a jazz instrument

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Basic Jazz Traditions

The major jazz repertoire is based on approximately 600 jazz themes called “Jazz Standards”
or “Evergreen hits”. They were written at different times, by popular and famous jazz
composers, mainly Americans. These themes are available on collected albums from any
major music store or from the internet.

The traditional structure of a jazz piece is as follows:

 Introduction
 Presentation of the Theme
 Improvisation on the theme and its harmonic structure, with the lead instruments taking
turns.
 Repetition of the Theme and code.

On occasion some prearranged passages may be inserted.

It must be remembered that the texture in jazz music took its origin from brass and wind
instruments: trumpet, clarinet, saxophone etc. For these instruments it is most comfortable to
 play in the flat keys. Therefore the majority of jazz standards are usually written in C (major
or minor), F, B b, E b, A b or D b. Occasionally a standard will be found written in G or G  b very
rarely in D. Other keys do appear but only in exceptional cases.

Usually a jazz musician will perform a Jazz standard in his own appropriate key (the great
Stéphane Grappelli would play pieces in keys which he found most comfortable, however,
not everyone can do this).
Jazz tempos range from   = 60 (in slow pieces like ballards) up to   = 260 in faster pieces. It
is rare to find tempo changes within a piece and when they do occur it is only when the tempo
doubles or halves, never with gradual „accelerando‟ or „rallentando‟.
For the violin it is most comfortable to play between 120 and 170 BPM (Beats Per Minute).
The average duration of a jazz standard is about 3 to 6 minutes but of course many more
 possibilities do exist.
A typical „small‟ jazz band consists of double bass or bass guitar, guitar, piano, drams and
solo instruments such as saxophone, trumpet or for us, violin.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Jazz Violin Problems & Recommended Solutions

Fingering
Generally speaking it is not very comfortable playing jazz on the violin due to the fingerings
involved. There are a number of reasons for this.

Firstly, the difference in tuning of a fifth between each violin string causes the each of the left
hand‟s finger s to find themselves in at lea st two positions. This causes the loss of a clear
connection between the pitch that is heard and the position of the finger on the fingerboard
(unlike the double bass where the string are tuned a fourth apart and a connection between
 pitch and finger position is easier to develop). It is essential that an improviser has this
connection, as during a solo they will have no time to think about finger position.

Secondly, as mentioned previously, the vast majority of jazz standards are written in flat
keys. However, throughout its history, the violin has been considered an instrument more
suited to sharp keys, especially if there are not too many sharps as the fingers will then be in a
natural position on the fingerboard. It is inherently uncomfortable to play and improvise in
flat keys on the violin, especially in a key with many flats. Therefore to improvise and play in
these keys the player must have absolute control over the technical skills required to play in
half positions. Due to the complex structure of melody lines in jazz music the task can
 become extremely labour consuming. This can be considered the main reason that the violin
is not very widely used within jazz music. It is worth remembering that some of the great
masters such as Stéphane Grappelli avoided this issue by playing standards that were
generally in the keys of C or G and avoiding pieces with complicated harmonies that require
switching to half position.

There are at least three possible solutions to these problems:

The first is obvious; simply spend enough time working on the techniques needed in order to
 play in half position so that the playing feels as natural as in first position. In the next book of
this Jazz Violin Method the author will include a system of exercises which should lead to
mastery of the half position.

The second solution is much more radical, re-tune the violin a tone lower resulting in strings
(from the lowest to highest) of F, C, G, D. Tuned this way the violin is more similar to a B  b
 pitched instrument such as the clarinet, soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone and trumpet
which are the most popular jazz instruments. One could name it a B b Violin.
This step‟s name is the „scordatura‟ (the alternative tuning of strings to different pitches). It
will solve most of the fingering problems and the few which remain are rather easy to deal
with.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD
However, the „scordatura‟ does have a number of acoustical and psychological consequences.
The greatest difficulty, which sometimes cannot be solved, will appear in violinists with
 perfect (or absolute) pitch. It is worth them attempting to play with a re-tuned violin however,
it may not work and they should spend their time working on playing in the half-position.
For those with relative pitch the retuning of strings general world well and after a few weeks
of exercise the new pitches seem natural.

Of course, the acoustics of the instrument will change. The retuned instrument has a rather
soft, quiet warm sound without bright high harmonics. This is not necessarily a bad thing as
the sound is quite characteristic of many jazz violinists (most of which use a light mute to
achieve that effect). For those playing with an acoustic pick up or a mike the change of
volume and timbre does not matter as it is electronically compensated for by the regulators.
For others it all depends on the quality of the strings and the instrument itself.
On the other hand, strings which are not as tight are far more response to the slight nuances of
touch and contact with the fingers, this allows the player to vary the colour much more and
not only „sing‟ but also „speak‟ or even „whisper‟ to the hearts of the liste ners.
The author highly recommends trying this method. Because of this all pieces in this book are
 presented for both the „C Violin‟ and the „B b Violin‟. In both cases the chords of the pieces
are given in concert pitch, i.e. how they should be played on the piano.

The third option is to play in higher positions like guitarists. In this case the fingering does
not depend on the position; the same passages are played in different keys with the same
fingering. However, there are problems here, one loses the option to play on open strings and
it is also much more difficult to play precisely in tune.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Intonation
In jazz precision of intonation is more important that in classical music. This is due to the
melodies in jazz being based on complicated harmonies, with many complex chords and
dissonances. This is why one should only practise with a harmonic accompaniment all the
whilst listening as an outsider to check for tuning problems.

Articulation
Jazz music requires highly expressive articulation, precise and bright attack with a clear
release of the sound or instantaneous drop in volume. To achieve this one must hold the bow
tighter than in classical music and press it against the string with more force. The left hand is
responsible for effects such as intonation shifts during a note, glissandos, slow deep vibrato
or a quick trill, all of which requires a very light touch on the fingerboard. To achieve this,
the left hand must not be supporting the violin. It must be held firmly between the chin and
shoulder.

Rhythm
Rhythm in jazz is the main medium of expression and is characterised by the feeling of
“swing”.
One can play on the beat or slightly after the beat but never before it. Therefore, the first
recommendation is not to hurry, do not speed the tempo up.
The second recommendation is to sharpen triples slightly is usually played as this
means that the quarter note in the triplet is played slightly longer than it should be.
The third recommendation is to listen to the great masters of swing such as Stuff Smith.

Jazz rhythms are a complicated and vast field. Subsequent books of the Jazz Violin Method
will look at the theory of jazz music specifically from the point of view of violin techniques.

Improvisation
Musical improvisation is creating music whilst performing; composing it just a fraction of a
second before it must sound. This is quite similar to the way we formulate our thoughts just
 before articulating them. Improvisation is based upon mastery of the musical language and on
some qualities of the melodic and harmonic ear. These qualities can be trained and techniques
to achieve this are explained later.
In this book it is recommended that the technique widely used along language students, that is
memorising standard wordings and language used in speech, is applied, in this case the
memorisation of standard musical passages.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Method of Study
The main goal of this book is to root into the student‟s subconscious memory some complex
reflexes, feelings and knowledge based upon the existing basic jazz norms seen from the
 point of view of the violin‟s specific features.

It is suggested that notated music is avoided at all costs (like black New Orleans musicians
once did at the beginning of the jazz era, who were often not even acquainted with notes), and
that it is referred to only in extreme circumstances  –  only for the most complicated or difficult
 passages.
The main learning technique for working with the given music material is to memorise it by
ear from the supplied recording together with the book, to sing it with accompaniment
(naming the note that is sung as is often done in sight singing). Only after that, can one
 proceed to play the melodic material on the violin, trying to copy the tune, and using the
 printed notes only in order to verify the fingering and the neatness of the selected piece.

The following procedure is suggested:

1) Listen several times to the chosen piece from beginning to the end.
2) Listen to the accompaniment repeatedly, in order to memorize its chord progression
3) Return to the notated violin part of the piece, listen to the first phrase of the violin solo
(usually two bars) and try to sing it. It is normal for it to take as many as twenty attempts
 before a good result is obtained.
4) Move to the second phrase and learn it in a similar way.
5) Join those two phrases together. Then, the resulting passage should be sung repeatedly
with the accompaniment, using the supplemental CD.
6) Using the same techniques sing the whole chorus and later the whole piece which will help
you to memorise it.
7) After this, take the violin and begin to work with it. Take the first phrase again and play it
 by memory on the violin. Check yourself against the sheet music  –  pay particular attention to
tuning and fingering. Then repeat and play again and again until you have learnt this phrase
 by heart.
8) Afterwards learn the whole chorus in a similar way one phrase at a time. Then repeat the
whole piece on the violin many times. This whole process should only be done with the
accompaniment.

It is important to resist the temptation of learning the whole piece by looking at the sheet
music. This is a very important basic principle: aside from memorising the tune itself, one
needs to form the reflex, which connects the imagined (anticipated) pitch heard by the inner ear to
the finger positions on the fingerboard, and not the position of the notes on the page to the
 positions on the fingerboard. This will be unavoidable if one learns the whole piece at once
straight from the page: this effect is well known in psychology - the first impression is
immediately registered in the subconscious.
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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Undoubtedly at first such a routine will seem long, boring and tiresome to the student. Yet it
will be rewarding, because by preparing the piece in this way, after some time and practise it
shall flow out of the subconscious into the conscious of the student as though it was his own,
 possibly with some changes and most likely altered in accordance with the individual musical
 personality of the student. This is the safe path towards personal improvisation.

This method guarantees positive results. However, there is nothing to stop students from
adopting a more creative approach. For example, some may prefer doing the sight singing
whilst accompanying themselves on the piano (of course they should write out a chord chart
and practise very slowly at first). Other electronic keyboards with different auto-
accompaniment features may also be used.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Comments on the Supplemental Études

This section is dedicated to musicians who are already acquainted with the basics of jazz
music. Others may skip this section and proceed directly to the study of the ÉTUDES.

Improvisation ability relies upon an absolute knowledge (on the subconscious level) of chord
 progressions, upon which improvisations are based. By this, it is understood that one should
hear in the inner ear all the notes which any ordinary chord is comprised of as well as to
anticipate chord-by-chord the moments of transitions.

The great majority of jazz standards use the very same short chord modules, which are called
"standard chord progressions", and these "standard chord progressions" can be found in
various tunes in various combinations. There are not many "standard chord progressions",
and that is why learning them and therefore imprinting their sound into the subconscious, is
not as difficult as it may first appear.

There are two ways to solve this problem: the first method is analytical which gives thorough
results. The second is a practical method, with the help of specific examples. The analytical
method shall be returned to in the next book whilst the practical method forms the content of
this book.

Each Étude deals with one or two "standard chord progressions". The melodic line of each of
the improvisations is built in such a manner that it will expose, with as much accuracy as
 possible, the characteristic features of the chords and of the chord combinations. By and
large, the Études cover all the keys that jazz is played in. The notation of each Étude, both the
theme and the improvisations, is presented on one staff. Whilst on the subject of notation of jazz

music it is important to remember that a dotted rhythm is played as a triplet .

The accompanying chords are written above the staff line in Roman numeral notation. If one
chord is marked above the bar it means that it is played on the first beat of the bar. If two
chords are marked, then they are played on the first and the third beat. If there is no chord
above the bar, then it means that the chord from the previous bar is being repeated.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD
For those who would like to accompany him/herself on the piano or on an electronic
keyboard, it is worth a quick reminder of how to read chord notation. The lower note of the
chord (bass) is marked with English alphabet letters.

Chords are marked in the following manner (in this example each chord is built upon the note
„C‟):

To mark a chord progression that is not in a particular key degrees of the scale are used. For
example „Im‟ would signify a minor chord built on the first degree of the scale that the Étude
is in.

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11
JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

Specific Features of each Étude

ÉTUDE # 1
Key: C major
Tempo:   = 120
Basic chord progression:
IIm7 - V7 - Imaj

This Étude presents the most common chord progression and the simplest way of building an
improvisation - development of the theme with the help of additional melodic figurations.
The study consists of three independent themes. Each one of these themes has its
corresponding improvisation.

ÉTUDE #2

Key: F major
Tempo:   = 110
Basic chord progression:
IIm7 –  V7 - Imaj
The chord progression is similar in its use to the previous Étude. Although at first, the
improvisation is developed around the theme, it later moves much further away from the
theme than in the previous Étude. A more complex musical language is used as well as a
more intricate rhythmic structure.

ÉTUDE #3
Key: E b major
Tempo:   = 130
Basic chord progression:
I6 - III7 - VI7 - II7

Here the improvisation deviates radically from the theme and is based only upon the chord
 progression.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD

ÉTUDE #4
Key: B b major
Tempo:   = 140
Basic chord progression:
I6 - VI7 - II7 - V7

As in the first two Études, at first the improvisation is musically linked to the
theme, but later it is developed independently. Attention must be paid to the more flexible
articulation here, compared with the previous Études.

ÉTUDE #5

The key:   = F major

Tempo: 170
Basic chord progression:
I6 - VII7 –  VII b7 - VI7 -...etc

It is rather difficult to improvise on descending chromatic chord progressions of this type,

since every chord transition completely changes the feeling of the left hand ‟s grip and
requires from the violinist a completely different approach to fingering. Use this Étude to
learn the difference in the precise sensations of the first position to those of the half position.

ÉTUDE #6
Key: D b major
Tempo:   = 140
Basic chord progression:
I6 - VII b7 –  IIIm7 - VI7

This is a very uncomfortable key for the violin and has to be played in half position.
 Nevertheless, this key is highly popular in jazz. Please pay attention to the fact that it is much
more comfortable to play in the key D b major on a violin tuned to `B b' than on a violin in `C'.
This chord progression (regardless of the key) is far more elegant than the previous one,
however it is more difficult to master.

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VIOLIN METHOD
ÉTUDE # 7
Key: A b major
Tempo:   = 90
Basic chord progression:
I-III b7-I-VI7

This is an uncomfortable key. It is difficult however, the jump at the beginning of the chord
 progression sounds fresh and interesting.

ÉTUDE #8
Key: G major
Tempo:   = 140
Basic chord progression:
 b 7
I - II bdim –  IIm7 –  III dim –  IIIm …

This chord progression was extremely popular in the 30' s. Easy and pleasant to memorise
and improvise upon.

ÉTUDE #9
Key: D major
Tempo:   = 120
Two basic chord progressions:
Imaj –  II7alt –  Ivm7 –  II b7 - Imaj
and
IIIm7 - VI7 - III bm7 - VI b7 -IIm7 - V7 - Imaj

From all points of view this is probably the most difficult ÉTUDE of them all.

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JAZZ VIOLIN METHOD
ÉTUDE #10
Key: C major
Tempo:   = 170
Basic chord progression:
| I6 | I6 | I6 | I7 |
| IV7 | IV7 | I6 | I6 |
| IIm7 | V7 | I6 | I6 |

This is one of the simplest and most popular blues chord progressions scheme. It has been
arranged in the style of the 30's.

ÉTUDE # 11
Key: C minor
Tempo:   = 125
Basic chord progression:
| Im7 | Im7 | Im7 | Im7 |
| IVm7 | IVm7 | Im7 | Im7 |
| VI bm7 | VI bm7 | Im7 | Im7 |

This is one of the variations of the minor blues. It is arranged in the style of the 80's - 90's.

ÉTUDE # 12
Key: B b major
Tempo:   = 140
Basic chord progression:
| I6 | IV7 | I6 | I7 |
| IV7 | IV7 | I6 VII7 | VII b7 VI7|
| IIm7 | V7 | I6 VI7 | IIm7 V7 |

This Étude is composed in the form of the classic blues, one of the most widely practiced
forms of blues.
Improvising with small durations (in the 4 th and 5th choruses) always creates a real
complication for the violinist: it is not so difficult to think of the "music" itself, but it is
difficult to manage in time to which fingers to play it with. This is why in difficult situations
one must resort to use "prepareds" i.e. pre-learned passages and phrases composed and
memorised beforehand.

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16

Etudes in C
 17

In C
Etude #1

Theme I
Intro Dm7 G7 C maj

Gm7 C7 F maj

Fm7 B 7 C maj A7 D7

Impr. I
Dm7 G7 Dm7 G7

C maj Gm7 C7  3
 3

 3

F maj Fm7 B 7
 3  3  3
 3

 3

C maj A7 D7

 3  3

Theme II
Dm7 G7 Dm7 G7

C maj Gm7 C7 F maj

Fm7 B 7 C maj A7 D7
 35

In C
Etude #9

Theme
A1 D maj E 7alt Gm7

E 7 D maj E 7 A2 D maj

E 7alt Gm7 E 7 D maj D7

B G maj69 C9

F m7sus F m7 B7 B7 F m7sus
 3

Fm7 B 7 B 7 E m7sus E m7
 3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3

 3

B 7 A7 A3 D maj E 7alt

Impr. I
Gm7 E 7 D maj E 7 A1 D maj

E 7alt Gm7 E 7
 37

4 3
0
B7 3 2
4
1 2 3 4

1 1
2

Fm7 B 7

Em7

B 7 A7 D maj

E 7alt Gm7 E 7 D maj E 7

Coda
D maj E 7alt Gm7 E 7

D maj E 7 D maj E 7alt

dim. poco a poco

G m7 E 7 D maj E 7
44

Etudes in B
 45

Etude #1
In B

Theme I
Intro Dm7 G7 C maj

Gm7 C7 F maj

Fm7 B 7 C maj A7 D7

Impr. I
Dm7 G7 Dm7 G7

C maj Gm7 C7
 3

 3
 3

F maj Fm7 B 7  3
 3  3
 3

 3

C maj A7 D7

 3  3

Theme II
Dm7 G7 Dm7 G7

C maj Gm7 C7 F maj

Fm7 B 7 C maj A7 D7
 63

In B
Etude #9

Theme
A1 D maj E 7alt Gm7

E 7 D maj E 7 A2 D maj
2

E 7alt Gm7 E 7 D maj D7

B G maj69 C9

F m7sus F m7 B7 B7 F m7sus
 3

Fm7 B 7 B 7 E m7sus  3
Em7
 3  3  3  3  3  3  3

4
4 2 1
 3 2 4 2

B 7 A7 A3 D maj E 7alt

Impr. I
Gm7 E 7 D maj E 7 A1 D maj

E 7alt Gm7 E 7
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B7

Fm7 B 7

Em7

B 7 A7 D maj

E 7alt Gm7 E 7 D maj E 7

Coda
D maj E 7alt Gm7 E 7

D maj E 7 D maj E 7alt

dim. poco a poco

Gm7 E 7 D maj E 7