Institute For Excellence in Higher Education

INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE IN
HIGHER EDUCATION (IEHE)

BHOPAL
(A NAAC ACREDITED ‘A’ GRADE INSTITUTE)
FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

COMMERCE ACCOUNTS HONOURS
RESEARCH TOPIC –PREFERENCE OF ONLINE

AND OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG YOUTH
AND ADULT
RESERCH GUIDE: TEACHER GUIDE:

DR S.S VIJAYVARGIYA MRS.DOLLY CHOPRA
(HEAD OF COMMERCE DEPARTMENT) (COMMERCE DEPARTMENT)
SUBMITTED BY:
TISHYA DESHMUKH
PREFERENCE OF ONLINE SHOPPING OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG YOUTH AND ADULT
B.com ACCOUNTS HONOURS II ND YEAR

ROLL NO.-117090
2
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that TISHYA DESHMUKH is a regular student of “INSTITUTE
FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION” .She has conducted an
authentic research report on the topic “PREFERENCE OF ONLINE AND
OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG YOUTH AND ADULT ” and has completed
the research project successfully under the guidance of Mrs. DollyChopra . The
project has been prepared for honors paper of B.com Part II (ACCOUNTS honors)
for examination session 2019-2020 and is been submitted thereof.
Mrs. Dolly Chopra
(Department Of Commerce)
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled “PREFERENCE OF

ONLINE AND OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG YOUTH AND
ADULT” submitted to ‘INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE IN
HIGHER EDUCATION’ is record of original work done by me
under the guidance of Mrs. Dolly Chopra ( department of
commerce). Any inferences, research or similarity is purely
coincidental.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. GEETA SAXENA
MADAM(Director), INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
BHOPAL. DR. SS VIJAYVARGIYE (Head of Commerce Department) to
have provided me with such a great opportunity to work on this research
project.
I am indeed thankful to my teacher guide Mrs. Dolly Chopra for her
constant support and guidance throughout the report work, without which I
could not have completed this work.
I am grateful to all the respondent of the questionnaire for being so much
cooperative and patient to fill the required answer in the questionnaires .The
project would not have been such a success without their contribution.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank my family, friends and all those
who helped me in some way or the other in the successful completion of this
research project.
TISHYA DESHMUKH
B.COM, ACCOUNTS, Honors
PREFACE
Nowadays research has gained lot of importance. Research has expended
expanded immensely and numerous researches take place these days in various
fields be it social sciences, economics, arts, medicine, etc.and if they are
successful, they help the society in various ways.
Keeping this fact in view Research Methodology has been prescribed in our
syllabus. To fulfill the requirement of degree a research has been conducted on
the topic .."PREFERENCE OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE SHOPPING
AMONG YOUTH AND ADULT ".This topic was selected for the study since
there are variety of mobile phones which are affecting lives of people mainly
through its various application another rationale was to study the impact of such
mobile phones on consumers.
Regarding the research report, the file consists of eight chapters well arranged
in coherent manner, these chapters include theoretical aspect of research
concepts used in the study as well as the findings of the study and the result
arrived upon.
INDEX
S NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction To The Topic 11

1.2 Significance Of The Research Topic 12
2. Literature Review 14-18
3. Objective Of Research Study 20
4. Research Methodology
4.1 Types Of Research 23-26
4.2 Research Design 26
4.2.1 Types Of Research Design 27-29
4.3 Sample Design 29
4.3.1 Steps Of Sampling 29-31
4.3.2 Types Of Sampling 31-34
4.3.3 Sample Unit 35-36
4.3.4 Variable Under Research Study 36
4.4 Area of my research work 37
5. Hypothesis Of Research
5.1 Concept And Type Of Hypothesis 39-40
5.2 Hypothesis Of Research Study 40
5.3. 41
7
6. Collection Of Data 43-44

6.1 Data Collection Method And Tools 44-45
6.1.1 Tools Of Data Collection 46
6.2 Tools Used For Data Collection In My Research Work 47-48
(Used In My Research Study)
7. Data Interpretation
7.1 Analysis Of Data 50-77
7.2 Hypothesis Testing 78
7.2.1 Meaning And Utility of X 2 (Chi-Square Test) 78
7.2.2. Application Of Chi-Square Test 79-82
8. Conclusion and suggestion 84-85
9. Bibliography 86
10. Annexure 88-94
8
LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPH

Sr. No. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
FIGURE NO,1 Graph showing age group 50
FIGURE NO.2 Graph showing gender 51
FIGURE NO.3 Graph showing mode of shopping 52
FIGURE NO.4 Graph showing mode of payment 53
FIGURE NO.5 Graph showing impact of online shopping 54
FIGURE NO.6 Graph showing occupation 55
FIGURE NO.7 Graph showing like of online 56
FIGURE NO.8 Graph showing preference of online 57
shopping
FIGURE NO.9 Graph showing reasons for not preferring 58
Online shopping.
FIGURE NO.10 Graph showing website visit 59
FIGURE NO.11 Graph showing awareness about consumer 60
right
FIGURE NO.12 Graph showing comparing price 61
FIGURE NO.13 Graph showing reasons for choosing 62
offline shopping
FIGURE NO.14 Graph showing how many time visit 63
market
FIGURE NO.15 Graph showing rating the product buy 64
online
FIGURE NO.16 Graph showing money spend every 65
month on online shopping
FIGURE NO.17 Graph showing money spend every month 66
on offline shopping
FIGURE NO.18 Graph showing hoe often shop online 67
FIGURE NO.19 Graph showing assurance related to 68
product quality and delivery time
FIGURE NO.20 Graph showing satisfaction level of 69
product purchase offline
FIGURE NO.21 Graph showing satisfaction level of 70
procedure of purchasing online
FIGURE NO.22 Graph showing effects of advertisement 71
and promotion
FIGURE NO.23 Graph showing factors influencing online 72
shopping
FIGURE NO.24 Graph showing influence of product price 73
and quality in offline shopping
FIGURE NO.25 Graph showing role of personal behavior 74
and interaction in offline shopping
TABLE NO.26 Table showing analysis table 77
TABLE NO.27 Table showing observe frequency 80
TABLE NO.28 Table showing two square table 81
TABLE NO.29 Table showing chi square table 82
9
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
10
1.1 Introduction to the topic

Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services
presented by one or more retailers with the potential intent to purchase a suitable
selection of them .Shopping ranks as a favourite activity among youths (18-30yrs)
and adults (above 30yrs).
There are 2 modes of shopping :
 ONLINE
 OFFLINE
Comparison between online and offline shopping will continue to gain attention .
In fact, as early as now news about shutting down of some physical stores across
the country abound the Internet. Does this mean more people are now favouring
online shopping than commuting to brick-and-mortar stores?
There is no denying that smartphones and tablets are making it easy for shoppers
today to research business, survey products, read customers reviews, and even
purchase goods. But there are still people who like to see an item in person and
touch it before deciding to buy.
11
The increase in technology provides good opportunities to the seller to reach the
customer in much faster, easier and in economic way. Online shopping is emerging
very fast in recent years. Now a day the internet holds the attention of retail
market. Millions and millions of people shop online. On the other hand the
purchasing of product from traditional market is continuing since years. Many
customers go for purchasing offline so as to examine the product and hold the
possession of the product just after the payment for the product. In this
contemporary world customer’s loyalty depends upon the consistent ability to
deliver quality, value and satisfaction. Some go for offline shopping, some for
online and many go for both kind of shopping. The focus of the study is the
preference of youth and adults to shop on internet or at the traditional stores .
1.2 Significance of the Study

The consumers in today’s era have not only many stores choice, but they also have
a wide variety of channels to choose from. With the start of numerous channels
(e.g. Mobile Commerce, E-Commerce) and a continuous increase in the
competition among channels, the understanding of what incites consumers to
purchase from one channel rather than another becomes progressively important
channel design and management.
.The study contributes to the current marketing literature by comparing the offline
and online channel side-by-side. This study also contributes hypothetically and
practically to a better understanding of consumer behaviour, particularly the online
buying decision process.
The two major research streams and three distinct research phases can be identified
in the online consumer behaviour. The first major research stream identified
explores the possibility that product attributes such as the product’s suitability for
evaluation and delivery via the Internet are important drivers of online purchases.
The research stream identified explores the importance of the consumer’s situation
as an important driver of online retail sales. Within this second research stream the
consumer’s situation is taken to include access issues, demographic issue, product
availability, technological familiarity, experience, trust, and brand and customer
service. Clarification of the debate as to whether it is the product attributes or the
consumer’s situation that principally drives the online purchase decision process
12
will contribute to a better understanding of consumer behaviour. The outcome of

the research will assist retailers understand why consumers search and evaluate
products online and then buy them offline and vice versa.
This study will give the idea about which shopping mode is preferred by adults
and youth .Which option would be preferred by the consumer to shop whether
online or offline? This study will give the clear idea about the internet shopping.
CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE
REVIEW
13
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Internet and conventional marketing each have distinct features. Online
shopping involves no travel, product carrying or restrictions on shopping hours,
offering easy accessibility, convenience and time saving. In contrast, offline
shopping permits and allows physical examination of the products,
interpersonal communication but involves high travel and search costs, and
has restrictions on shopping hours. Consumers may use the two channels
differently resulting the same consumers may exhibit different behaviors when
shopping across online and offline channels. Therefore, it is important to
understand how the same consumers behave at the two channels. This study
attempts to provide an exhaustive review of prior theoretical literature of
online vs. offline consumer behavior.
Introduction: Earlier studies shown that if E-marketer/Companies know

the insight on their buyers' characteristics, they could get clues on how
customers interpret and receive stimuli (information), which could affect
consumers' decisions. Review findings indicates that different factors have
direct and indirect effects on consumer behavior across online and offline
channels.
14
Danaher, Wilson and Davis (2003) found that high market share brands enjoy
loyalty advantage in the online store, while low market share brands enjoy
greater brand loyalty in the offline stores.
Tony Ahn, Seewon Ryu and Ingoo Han(2004), explored online and offline
features of Internet shopping malls and their relationships with the acceptance
behaviors of customers.
Aron M. Levin et.al. (2005) found that when attributes such as large selection
and shopping quickly are predominant, online shopping was preferred. When
attributes such as personal service and ability to see-touch-handle the product
are predominant, offline shopping was preferred. This paper makes an attempt
to study the different dimensions of Online and Offline Consumer Behavior
with the help of review of literature such as Junhong Chu,(2010) found that
the online and offline differences in brand loyalty, size loyalty and price
sensitivity were
larger for food products and for sensory products.
Yaobin Lu(2011), focused on factors that influence users' intention to transfer
their usage from the offline to the online channel that offer similar services.
This can be used to provide an overview and references on some of the
conceptual and practical work undertaken in the area of organizational level.
This study may enable to identify and measure some factors associated with
Online and offline consumer behavior.
Objectives:
 To understand the basic concept of Online and Offline shopping among
youth and adults.
 To study the different Dimensions of Online and Offline Consumer
Behavior with the help of review of literature.
• To provide suitable suggestions to the stakeholders.
Research Methodology:
This paper is based upon review of literature and secondary data collected
from various websites, national/international journals, magazines, newspapers
15
and reference books. Literature review has shown previous research work
done in this area.
Online Vs. Offline Consumer Behavior:

The Internet and conventional brick-and-mortar stores each have unique
features. Online shopping involves no travel, product carrying cost or
restrictions on shopping hours, offering easy accessibility, convenience and
time saving. But online shopping does not permit physical examination of the
products (feel, touch, sample and trial), interpersonal communication or
instant gratification, and often incurs shipping and handling costs. In contrast,
offline/traditional shopping allows physical examination of the products,
interpersonal communication and instant gratification, but involves high travel
and search cost and has restrictions on shopping hours, especially in countries
with strong labor laws. Consumers may use the two channels differently and so
may exhibit different behaviors when shopping across online and offline
channels. Therefore, it is important to understand how the same consumers
behave at the two channels.Most academics and practitioners agree that there
were various factors as demographic, social, economic, cultural, psychological
and other personal factors, beyond the control and influence of the marketer
and have a major effect on consumer behavior and purchasing decisions.
Literature Review:
Consumer behavior has changed greatly over the past decades, but it has been
evolutionary, and the seeds of change have been apparent for generations
(Kar, 2010).
Piyush K. Sinha, Arindam Banerjee, and Dwarika Prasad Uniyal,( 2002),
identified major drivers behind choice of stores for various shopping needs as
exhibited by a typical Indian consumer, by conducting study on 293
participates recruited by e-mail.
Tony Ahn, Seewon Ryu and Ingoo Han,(2004), explored online and offline
features of Internet shopping malls and their relationships with the acceptance
behaviors of customers. Web survey with 932 users was conducted in 6
shopping malls of Korea. The study validates technology acceptance model
(TAM) in predicting the acceptance of the Internet shopping malls. Online and
16
offline features have positive effects on the user acceptance, usefulness,

attitude and intention to use.
Aron M. Levin, Irwin P. Levin and Joshua A. Weller,(2005), For the study two
samples of size 199 were used from a large mid-western American university
and an online survey panel. The study found that the preferences for shopping
online or offline were shown to vary across products, consumers, and stages of
the shopping experience. When attributes such as large selection and shopping
quickly were predominant, online shopping was preferred. When attributes
such as personal service and ability to see-touch-handle the product were
predominant, offline shopping was preferred.
Junhong Chu et.al. (2010), explored the moderating effects of household (e.g.,
shopping frequency) and product (e.g., sensory nature) characteristics on
brand loyalty, size loyalty and price sensitivity across online and offline
channels for grocery products. Data was collected from one of the five leading
grocery chains in Spain. The study of found that the households were more
brand loyal and size loyal but less price sensitive in the online channel than in
the offline channel.
Rick L.AndrewsOurso and Imran S. Currim,(2004),examined behavioral
differences between consumers attracted to online shopping and traditional
supermarket shopping using actual choice data from an online supermarket
and traditional scanner panel data. The study found that as Compared to
traditional supermarket consumers, online consumers prefer larger sizes to
smaller sizes, do more screening based on brand names, do less screening on
the basis of sizes, have stronger choice set effects.
Koen Pauwels et.al., (2011), found that the offline revenue impact of the
informational website critically depends on the product category and customer
segment. The lower online search costs were especially beneficial for sensory
products and for customers distant from the store. In contrast, customers in a
segment reduce their shopping trips, suggesting their online actions partially
substitute for experiential shopping in the physical store.
Dong-Mo Koo, Ji-Hoon Lee (2011), proposed an inter-relationship among
dominance, energetic and tense arousal, pleasure and their impact on
intention. Results from a survey of 406 consumers (217 from offline store
customers and 189 online store users) demonstrated that dominance had a
significant positive and/or negative effect on both energetic and tense arousal,
17
it has no impact on pleasure and intention under both offline and online
environment; Effect of dominance on tense arousal was not statistically
significant in an online shopping environment; both energetic and tense
arousal had a positive and/or negative impact on pleasure.
Yaobin Lu (2011), focused on factors that influence users' intention to transfer
their usage from the offline to the online channel that offer similar services.
The study revealed that innovativeness in new technology and relative benefit
had positive effects on users' intention to transfer usage. Moreover, the
findings of the study also that internet experience moderates the relationship
between relative benefit and consumers' intention to transfer usage from
offline to online services.
Isabel P. Riquelme and Sergio Román, (2014), examined the role of several
consumers' cognitive and psychographic traits in their perceptions of retailers'
deceptive practices (perceived deception) and the different effects on
perceived deception associated with online vis-à-vis in-store shopping.
Conclusion:
The literature review of the Online vs. Offline consumer behavior shows that
there were significant differences between consumers attracted to shopping
online versus in traditional stores regarding the parameters described in
different studies. Despite the growth in online sales and projections that online
shopping environments are likely to impose more pressure on traditional
distribution channels, there was a striking absence of published empirical work
on how consumers attracted to shopping online behave relative to consumers
attracted to shopping in traditional stores. Customers use the Internet not only
to buy the product online, but also to compare prices, product features and
after sale service facilities. The Review also not only indicates and but also
confirms that the enterprise design and marketing strategies should differ in
the two purchasing environments, depending on whether the parameter
differences were the result of the behaviors of most online consumers and
offline consumers. The finding that product characteristics influence consumer
behavior in the online store differently from the offline stores should help
manufacturers and retailers in planning marketing strategies for different
channels.
18
CHAPTER-3
OBJECTIVES OF
RESEARCH
19
OBJECTIVES OF OUR
RESEARCH
To analyze the positive preference of online / offline
shipping among youth and adults.
To understand the basic concept of Online and
Offline Consumer Behavior.
To study the different Dimensions of Online and
Offline Consumer Behavior with the help of review
of literature.
 To provide suitable suggestions to the stakeholders.
To analyze the preference of age for using
online/offline shopping.
To study the various factors effecting while shopping
mode Online & Offline.
20
To analyse the significant difference between the

online and offline consumer groups in terms of
demographic, qualifications, technology use and
attitude of the consumer.
CHAPTER-4
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
21
I. WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a
particular topic. It is an investigation of finding solutions to scientific and social
problems through objective and systematic analysis. It is a search for
knowledge, that is, a discovery of hidden truths. Here knowledge means
information about matters. The information might be collected from different
sources like experience, human beings, books, journals, nature, etc. A research
can lead to new contributions to the existing knowledge. Only through
research is it possible to make progress in a field. Research is indeed civilization
and determines the economic, social and political development of a nation.
The results of scientific research very often force a change in the philosophical
view of problems which extend far beyond the restricted domain of science
itself.
Research is not confined to science and technology only. There are vast areas
of researching other disciplines such as languages, literature, history and
sociology. Whatever might be the subject, research has to be an active, diligent
and systematic process of inquiry in order to discover, interpret or revise facts,
events, behaviors and theories. Applying the outcome of research for the
refinement of knowledge in other subjects, or in enhancing the quality of
human life also becomes a kind of research and development.
Research is done with the help of study, experiment, observation, analysis,

comparison and reasoning. Research is in fact ubiquitous. For example, we
know that cigarette smoking is injurious to health; heroine is addictive; cow
dung is a useful source of biogas; malarias due to the virus protozoan
22
plasmodium; AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is due to the virus

HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus). How did we know all these?
We became aware of all this information only through research. More

precisely, it seeks predictions of events, explanations, relationships and
theories for them.
As stated by Gerald Milburn Scientific research is a chaotic business, stumbling
along amidst red herrings, errors and truly, creative insights. Great scientific
break throughs are rarely the work of a single researchers plodding slowly by
inexorably towards some final goal.
The crucial idea behind the break through may surface a number of times, in
different places, only to sink again beneath the babble of an endless scientific
discourse.
4.1 TYPES OF RESEARCH
Research is broadly classified into two main classes:
1. Fundamental or basic research
2. Applied research
A. Basic Research
Basic research is an investigation on basic principles and reasons for
occurrence of particular event or process or phenomenon. It is also called
theoretical research. Study or investigation of some natural phenomenon or
relating to pure science are termed as basic research. Basic researches
sometimes may not lead to immediate use or application. It is not concerned
with solving any practical problems of immediate interest. But it is original or
basic in character. It provides a systematic and deep insight into a problem and
facilitates extraction of scientific and logical explanation and conclusion on it. It
helps build new frontiers of knowledge. The outcomes of basic research form
the basis for many applied researches. Researchers working on applied
research have to make use of the outcomes of basic research and explore the
utility of them.
Research on improving a theory or a method is also referred as fundamental
research.
For example, suppose a theory is applicable to a system provided the system
satisfies certain specific conditions. Modifying the theory to apply it to a
general situation is a basic research.
Attempts to find answers to the following questions actually form basic
research.
23
• Why are materials like that?

• What are they?
• How does a crystal melt?
• Why is sound produced when water is heated?
• Why do we feel difficult when walking on seashore?
• Why are birds arrange them in ‘>’ shape when flying in a group?
Fundamental research leads to a new theory or a new property of matter or
even the existence of a new matter, the knowledge of which has not been
known or reported earlier. For example, fundamental research on
(1) Astronomy may lead to identification of new planets or stars in our galaxy,
(2) Elementary particles results in identification of new particles,
(3) Complex functions may lead to new patterns or new properties associated
with them,
(4) Differential equations results in new types of solutions or new properties of
solutions not known so far,
(5) Chemical reactions lead to development of new compounds, new
properties of chemicals, mechanism of chemicals reactions, etc.,
(6) Medicinal chemistry leads to an understanding of physiological action of
various chemicals and drugs,
(7) Structure, contents and functioning of various parts of human body helps
us identify the basis for certain diseases.
B. Applied Research
In an applied research one solves certain problems employing well known and
accepted theories and principles. Most of the experimental research, case
studies and inter-disciplinary research are essentially applied research. Applied
research is helpful for basic research. A research is the outcome of which has
immediate application is also termed as applied research.
Such a research is of practical use to current activity. For example, research on
social problems have immediate use. Applied research is concerned with actual
life research such as research on increasing efficiency of a machine, increasing
gain factor of production of a material, pollution control, preparing vaccination
for a disease, etc. Obviously, they have immediate potential applications.
Thus, the central aim of applied research is to find a solution for a practical
problem which warrants solution for immediate use, whereas basic research is
directed towards finding information that has broad base of applications and
thus add new information to the already existing scientific knowledge.
C. Normal and Revolutionary Researches
24
Basic and applied researches are generally of two kinds: normal research and
revolutionary research. In any particular field, normal research is performed in
accordance with a set of rules, concepts and procedures called a paradigm,
which is well accepted by the scientists working in that field. Normal research
is something like puzzle-solving: interesting, even beautiful, solutions are
found but the rules are remaining same. In this normal research sometimes,
unexpected novel results and discoveries are realized which are inconsistent
with the existing paradigm. Among the scientist, a tense situation then ensues,
which increases in intensity until a scientific revolution is reached. This is
marked by a paradigm shift and a new paradigm emerges under which normal
scientific activity can be resumed.
D. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

The basic and applied researches can be quantitative or qualitative or even
both. Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or
amount. Here a process is expressed or described in terms of one or more
quantities. The result of this research is essentially a number or a set of
numbers. Some of the characteristics of qualitative research/ method are:
• It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies statistics or mathematics and uses
numbers.
• It is an iterative process whereby evidence is evaluated.
• The results are often presented in tables and graphs.
• It is conclusive.
• It investigates the what, where and when of decision making.
Statistics is the most widely used branch of mathematics in quantitative
research. It finds applications not only in physical sciences but also in
economics, social sciences and biology.
Quantitative research using statistical methods often begins with the collection
of data based on a theory or hypothesis or experiment followed by the
application of descriptive or inferential statistical methods.
Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon involving
quality. Some of the characteristics of qualitative research/method are:
• It is non-numerical, descriptive, applies reasoning and uses words.
• Its aim is to get the meaning, feeling and describe the situation.
• Qualitative data cannot be graphed.
• It is exploratory.
• It investigates the why and how of decision making.
25
We measure and weigh things in the study of substance or structure. Can we

measure or weigh patterns? We cannot measure or weigh patterns. But to
study patterns we must map a configuration of relationships. That is,
structures involve quantities whereas patterns involve qualities. If one wishes
to investigate why certain data are random then it is a qualitative research. If
the aim is to study how random the data is, what is the mean, variance and
distribution function then it becomes quantitative. Explaining how digestion of
food takes place in our body is a qualitative description. It does not involve any
numbers or data and quantities.
The detection of a particular compound is a qualitative analysis. This can be

done by carrying out physical or chemical tests. Determination of exact
amount of a particular compound present in a volume is essentially
quantitative analysis. This can be done by volumetric, gravimetric and
colorimetric methods or instrumental methods. Experimental and simulation
studies are generally quantitative research.
In fact, qualitative methods can be used to understand the meaning of the
numbers obtained by quantitative methods.
E. Other Types of Research

Other types of research include action research (fact findings to improve the
quality of action in the social world), explanatory research (searching
explanations for events and phenomena, for example finding answer to the
question why are the things like what they are?), exploratory research (getting
more information on a topic) and comparative research (obtaining similarities
and differences between events, methods, techniques, etc.). For discussion on
these types of research
4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

A Research design is the systematic plan to study a scientific problem. The
formidable problem that follows the task of defining the research problem is
the preparation of a design of a research product known as RESEARCH
DESIGN.
‘According to cook Jahoda’
Research design may be a specific presentation of various step in
process of research
These stepsinclude; -
26
 Selection of a research problem

 Presentation of a problem
 Formulation of hypothesis
 Methodology
 Literature survey
4.2.1 TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is mainly dividing into two parts
 Exploratory or formulate research design
 Descriptive or diagnostic research design
Exploratory Research Design

Explanatory research focuses on why questions. For example, it is one thing to
describe the crime rate in a country, to examine trends over time or to
compare the rates in different countries. It is quite a different thing to develop
explanations about why the crime rate is as high as it is, why some types of
crime are increasing or why the rate is higher in some countries than in others.
The way in which researchers develop research designs is fundamentally
affected by whether the research question is descriptive or explanatory. It
affects what information is collected. For example, if we want to explain why
some people are more likely to be apprehended and convicted of crimes, we
need to have hunches about why this is so. We may have many possibly
incompatible hunches and will need to collect information that enables us to
see which hunches work best empirically.
Answering the `why' questions involves developing causal explanations.
Causal explanations argue that phenomenon Y (e.g. income level) is affected by
factor X (e.g. gender). Some causal explanations will be simple while others will
be more complex. For example, we might argue that there is a direct effect of
gender on income (i.e. simple gender discrimination) (Figure 1.1a). We might
argue for a causal chain, such as that gender affects choice of lewd of training
which in turn affects
Occupational options, which are linked to opportunities for promotion, which
in turn affect income level (Figure 1.1b). Or we could posit a more complex
model involving a number of interrelated causal chains
27
Descriptive research
Although some people dismiss descriptive research as `mere description’, good

description is fundamental to the research enterprise and it has added
immeasurably to our knowledge of the shape and nature of our society.
Descriptive research encompasses much government sponsored research
including the population census, the collection of a wide range of social
indicators and economic information such as household expenditure patterns,
time use studies, employment and crime statistics and the like.
Descriptions can be concrete or abstract. A relatively concrete description
might describe the ethnic mix of a community, the changing age profile of a
population or the gender mix of a workplace. Alternatively, the description
might ask more abstract questions such as `Is the level of social inequality
increasing or declining?', `How secular is society?' or
`How much poverty is there in this community?'
Accurate descriptions of the level of unemployment or poverty have
historically played a key role in social policy reforms (Marsh, 1982). By
demonstrating the existence of social problems, competent description can
challenge accepted assumptions about the way things are and can provoke
action.
Good description provokes the `why' questions of explanatory research. If we
detect greater social polarization over the last 20 years (i.e. the rich are getting
richer and the poor are getting poorer) we areforced to ask `Why is this
happening?' But before asking `why?' we mustbe sure about the fact and
28
dimensions of the phenomenon of increasing polarization. It is all very well to

develop elaborate theories as to why society might be more polarized now
than in the recent past, but if the basic premise is wrong (i.e. society is not
becoming more polarized) then attempts to explain a non-existent
phenomenon are silly.
Of course, description can degenerate to mindless fact gathering or what C.W.
Mills (1959) called `abstracted empiricism'. There are plenty of examples of
unfocused surveys and case studies that report trivial information and fail to
provoke any `why' questions or provide any basis for generalization. However,
this is a function of inconsequential descriptions rather than an indictment of
descriptive research itself.
4.3 SAMPLE DESIGN- A sample design is a definite plan for obtain a

sample from a given population. It refers to technique or the procedure the
researcher would adopt in selecting sample from population.
4.3.1STEPS IN SAMPLE DESIGN

Sample design is determined before the data is collected. the main step of
sampling are as follows;
Objective- The
first step of sampling design is to define the objective for survey in clear and
concrete terms. The sponsors or researcher of the survey should confirm that
the objectives are commensurate with the money, manpower and the time
limit available
e for the survey.
Population-
In order to meet the objective of survey. what should be the population? This
question should be answer in a second step.
Sampling Units and Variable-
29
A decision has to be taken concerning a sampling unit before selecting sample

sampling unit may be geographical one such as state, district, village, etc. or it
may be social unit such as family, club, school or it may be individual. The
researcher will have to decide one or more of such units that he has to select
for his study. The list of sampling units is called as frame or sampling frame .
Size of Sample
This refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to
constitute a sample. This is a major problem before a researcher. The size of
sample should neither be too large, nor too small. It should be optimum. And
optimum sample is one which fulfills the requirement of efficiency,
representativeness, reliability and flexibility. The parameter of interest in a
research study must keep in view while deciding the size of sample.
Parameter of Interest
Statistical constants of the population called parameter. Example: - population
mean, population proportion. When we do sense of survey, we get the actual
value of parameter. On the other hand, when we do the same sample survey
we get the estimates of unknown population parameter in place of actual
values.
Data Collection
No irrelevant information should be collected, and no essential information
should be discarded. The objective of the survey be very much clear in the
mind of surveyor.
Non-Respondent
30
Because of some practical difficulties data may not be collected for all sample
units. This non- respondent to change the results such case should be handled
with caution.
Selection of Proper Sampling Design

The researcher must decide the type of sample. He will use that is, he must
decide the techniques to be use in selecting item for the sample. The
researcher must select that design which for a given sample, size and for a
given cost has a small sampling error.
Organizing Field Work:

The success of a survey depends upon the reliable field work. There should be
efficient supervisory staff and trained personal for the field work.
Pilot Survey
It is always helpful to try out the research design on a small scale before going
to the field. This termed is pilot survey or pretest.it might give the better ideas
or practical problems and troubles.
4.3.2 TYPES OF SAMPLING:

It is process of representative portion of entire portion. It is a integral part of
research methodology. It involves selecting of group of people, event or
behaviors or other element with which to conduct a study.
31
TYPES OF SAMPLING
32
G
M
S
Y
T
I
L
A
B
R
P
-
O
N PREFERENCE OF ONLINE SHOPPING OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG YOUTH AND ADULT
Non-Probability Sampling:
Non-probability Sampling is that sampling procedures which does not afford on
any basis of estimating the probability that each item in the population has of
being included in the sample. Non-probability sampling is also known by
different names such as quota sampling, judgmental sampling, convenience
sampling.
Convenience Sampling:
When population elements are selected for inclusion in the sample based on
the ease of access. It can be called convenience sampling, if a researcher
wishes to secure data from, say gasoline buyers, he may select a fixed number
of petrol stations and may conduct interview these stations.
Judgmental Sampling:
33
The researcher’s judgment used for selecting items which he considers as

representative of the population. For example: - a judgment sample of college
students might be taken to secure reaction to a new method of teachings.
Quota Sampling:
It involves the non-random selection of elements based on the identification of
specific characteristics to increase the sample representative.
Probability Sampling:
This kind of sampling involves the selection of elements from the population
using random sampling in which each element of the universe has an equal
and independent chance of being chosen.
Simple Random Sampling:

Under this each matter in the universe has an equal chance of being selected.
This method is also termed as THE LOTTERY or FISH BOWL TECHNIQUE. For
the lottery method there is a need for listing the members of the population.
The names or codes of all the members are written on the piece of a paper and
then placed in a container. The researcher draws the number of samples from
the container. This process is relatively easy for small population but is difficult
for large population and is very time consuming
Systematic Sampling:
Under this sampling, sample are selected by following some rules set by the
researcher which involves selecting the Kth member from where the random
start is determined. A system is plan for selecting members after random starts
is determined. This every Nth member of the population is determined by the
system in drawing or selecting the member of the sample.
34
Stratified Sampling:
This type of probability sampling selects the member of the sample from each
sub-population or strata. This method is used when there is a large population.
Sample per strata are then randomly selected but consideration must be given
to the sizes of the random samples to be drawn from the sub groups.
Cluster Sampling:
This method is used when population is divided into clusters or groups. In this
samples are selected in groups rather than individuals who are employed in a
large-scale survey.
Multi-Stage Sampling:
Under this samples are selected by using two or more sampling methods. It is
rarely used because of complexity of its application. It requires time, effort and
cost.
Types of sampling and sample design taken for

this study:
35
PROBABILITY SAMPLING:
In this study of the preference of online or offline shopping among youth and
adults, the sample items which are selected in it every person in population
had an equal chance of selection.
Probability sampling used in study is stratified random sampling, as the

respondents selected have been classified in different categories that
whether they are youths or adults and whether they prefer online or offline
shopping for them. It helps to know about both the age group in detail.
4.3.3 SAMPLING UNIT:

A Sampling unit is that element or set of elements considered for selection in
some stage of sampling. In a simple single stage sampling approach (e.g.,
census, household, adults) however all three are sampling units while only
the last is an element. The term primary sampling unit, secondary sampling
unit, and final sampling units designate these success stages.
4.3.4SAMPLING UNIT TAKEN FOR THIS STUDY:

Under my topic ‘’PREFERENCE OF ONLINE/OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG
YOUTH AND ADULTS’’ I have covered the individuals of different categories i.e.
from business to service class people of different age group for converting
wider scope. I have also done critical examine of each minute detail of the
topic to establish difference between views and opinions of different
categories of people.
The area covered by me for 30 questionnaires includes: -
1. Student: - questionnaires are being filled by educated student.
2. Professional student: - questionnaires are being filled by professional

student.
36
3. Businessman: - questionnaires are being filled by them.
4. Others: -questionnaires are being filled by them.
4.3.5VARIABLE UNDER RESEARCH STUDY:

A VARIABLE is a measurable characteristic that varies. It may change from
group to group, person to person, or even within one person over time.
The attributes of my research work are as follows: -
 Age
 Preference of online/offline shopping
The variable of my research work are as follows: -
 Income
 Profession of respondent.
 Expenditure of respondent on online/offline shopping.
 Purpose of using mode of shopping (online/offline).
 Mode of payment used by respondents for shopping.
 Shopping app preferred by respondents for shopping online.
 4.4AREA OF MY RESEARCH WORK-
37
 As I have conducted my research, I have chosen many areas in Bhopal

for the conduction of my research work. I conducted my research in old
as well as in new Bhopal. In my research project there were 18 youths
and 12 adults. From 18 youths there were 12 who belongs to different
areas of new Bhopal while 06 were belong to old Bhopal. Just like from
12 adults there were 05 respondents who are from new Bhopal while
remaining 07 were from old Bhopal. As I conducted my survey I found
that it is very convenient for me to conduct the research in the area of
new Bhopal as compare to old Bhopal because the people in new Bhopal
are very friendly and response in a frequent manner while in old Bhopal
people give their feedback by thinking that it is a wastage of time so I did
not get a good response from that people.
38
CHAPTER-5
HYPOTHESIS OF
RESEARCH
CHAPTER-5
HYPOTHESIS OF RESEARCH
5.1 CONCEPT
39
Hypothesis is usually considered as principle instrument in research. Its

function is to suggest new experiments and observation. In fact, many
experiments are carried out with the deliberate object of testing hypothesis
Decisions making often face situation where they are interested in testing
hypothesis on the basis of available information and then take decision on the
basis of such testing. In social science, hypothesis testing is often used strategy
for deciding whether a sample data offer such support for a hypothesis that
generalization can be made. Thus hypothesis testing enables us to use
probability statement about population parameter. The hypothesis may not be
proved absolutely, but in practice it is accepted if it has withstood a critical
testing. Before we explain how hypothesis are tested through different tests
meant for the purpose, it will be appropriate to explain clearly the meaning of
hypothesis and the related concepts for better understanding of hypothesis
testing techniques.
Characteristics of Hypothesis:
 Hypothesis should be clear and precise. If the hypothesis is not clear and
precise, inferences drawn on its basis cannot be considered reliable
 Hypothesis should be capable of being tested. In a swamp of untreatable
hypothesis, many a time the research programmers have bogged down.
Some prior study must be done by researcher in order to make
hypothesis more testable.
 Hypothesis should state relationship between variables, if it happens be
a relational hypothesis
 Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be specific. A researcher
must remember that narrow hypothesis are generally more testable and
he develop one such.
 Hypothesis should be stated as far as possible in most simple terms so
that the same is easily understandable by all concerned. But one must
remember that simplicity of hypothesis has nothing to do with its
significance.
 Hypothesis should be consistent with most known facts i.e., it must
consist substantial body of established facts.
40
5.2 TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
 Null Hypothesis:
A null hypothesis (Ho) is a concept which arises in the context of statistical
hypothesis testing. A common convention is to use the symbol Ho to
denote the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis describes in a formal way
some aspects of asset of data and this description is treated as valid unless
the actual behaviour of the data contradicts this assumption. In other
words, one may either reject, or not reject the null hypothesis; one cannot
accept the null hypothesis. Failing to reject Ho says that there is no strong
reason to change any decisions or procedures predicated on its truth, but it
also allows for the possibility of obtaining further data re-examining the
same hypothesis.
 Alternate Hypothesis:
Alternative hypothesis is a set of two hypotheses (research and null) which
states the opposite of null hypothesis. In statistical test of null hypothesis,
acceptance of Ho (null hypotheses) means rejection of alternative
hypothesis; and rejection of Ho means acceptance of alternative
hypothesis.
5.3 HYPOTHESIS OF MY RESEARCH

DESIGN-
41
Hypothesis is very important under any research work as in my research

work hypothesis is
(H1)- alternative hypothesis there is association between online and offline

shopping among youths and adults.
(H0) - null hypothesis there is no association between online and offline

shopping among youths and adults.
42
CHAPTER-6
COLLECTION OF
DATA
Introduction
Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on
targeted variables in an established systematic fashion, which then enables one
to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. The data collection
43
component of research is common to all fields of study including physical and

social sciences, humanities and business. While methods vary by discipline, the
emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same. The goal
for all data collection is to capture quality evidence that then translates to rich
data analysis and allows the building of a convincing and credible answer to
questions that have been posed.
Importance
Regardless of the field of study or preference for defining data (quantitative or
qualitative), accurate data collection is essential to maintaining the integrity of
research. Both the selection of appropriate data collection instruments (existing,
modified, or newly developed) and clearly delineated instructions for their
correct use reduce the likelihood of errors occurring. A formal data collection
process is necessary as it ensures that data gathered are both defined and
accurate and that subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the
findings are valid. [2] The process provides both a baseline from which to
measure and in certain cases a target on what to improve.
Distorted findings result in wasted resources and can mislead other researchers
to pursue fruitless avenues of investigation. This compromises decisions for
public policy. While the degree of impact from faulty data collection may vary
by discipline and the nature of investigation, there is the potential to cause
disproportionate harm when these research results are used to support public
policy recommendations.
Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection Methods-

The Quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and
structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into
44
predetermined response categories. They produce results that are easy to

summarize, compare, and generalize.
Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory

and/or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest. Depending
on the research question, participants may be randomly assigned to different
treatments. If this is not feasible, the researcher may collect data on participant
and situational characteristics in order to statistically control for their influence
on the dependent, or outcome, variable. If the intent is to generalize from the
research participants to a larger population, the researcher will employ
probability sampling to select participants.
6.1 METHODS AND TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION-

Face -to -face interviews have a distinct advantage of enabling the researcher to
establish rapport with potential participants and therefor gain their cooperation.
These interviews yield highest response rates in survey research. They also
allow the researcher to clarify ambiguous answers and when appropriate, seek
follow-up information. Disadvantages include impractical when large samples
are involved time consuming and expensive. (Leedey and Ormond, 2001)
Telephone interviews are less time consuming and less expensive and the
researcher has ready access to anyone on the planet who has a telephone.
Disadvantages are that the response rate is not as high as the face-to- face
interview as but considerably higher than the mailed questionnaire. The sample
may be biased to the extent that people without phones are part of the
population about whom the researcher wants to draw inferences.
Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI): is a form of personal

interviewing, but instead of completing a questionnaire, the interviewer brings
along a laptop or hand-held computer to enter the information directly into the
database. This method saves time involved in processing the data, as well as
saving the interviewer from carrying around hundreds of questionnaires.
45
However, this type of data collection method can be expensive to set up and
requires that interviewers have computer and typing skills.
Questionnaires
Paper-pencil-questionnaires can be sent to a large number of people and saves
the researcher time and money. People are more truthful while responding to the
questionnaires regarding controversial issues in particular due to the fact that
their responses are anonymous. But they also have drawbacks. Majority of the
people who receive questionnaires don't return them and those who do might
not be representative of the originally selected sample. (Leedey and Ormond,
2001)
Web based questionnaires: A new and inevitably growing methodology is the

use of Internet based research. This would mean receiving an e-mail on which
you would click on an address that would take you to a secure web-site to fill in
a questionnaire. This type of research is often quicker and less detailed. Some
disadvantages of this method include the exclusion of people who do not have a
computer or are unable to access a computer. Also, the validity of such surveys
are in question as people might be in a hurry to complete it and so might not
give accurate responses.
Questionnaires often make use of Checklist and rating scales. These devices
help simplify and quantify people's behaviors and attitudes. A checklist is a list
of behaviors, characteristics, or other entities that the researcher is looking for.
Either the researcher or survey participant simply checks whether each item on
the list is observed, present or true or vice versa. A rating scale is more useful
when a behavior needs to be evaluated on a continuum. They are also known as
Likert scales. (Leedey and Ormond, 2001)
6.1.1 TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION-

Primary data
46
An advantage of using primary data is that researchers are collecting

information for the specific purposes of their study. In essence, the questions the
researchers ask are tailored to elicit the data that will help them with their study.
Researchers collect the data themselves, using surveys, interviews and direct
observations.
In the field of workplace health research, for example, direct observations may
involve a researcher watching people at work. The researcher could count and
code the number of times she sees practices or behaviors relevant to her
interest–e.g. instances of improper lifting posture or the number of hostile or
disrespectful interactions workers engage in with clients and customers over a
period of time.
Secondary data
There are several types of secondary data. They can include information from
the national population census and other government information collected by
Statistics Canada. One type of secondary data that’s used increasingly is
administrative data. This term refers to data that is collected routinely as part of
the day-to-day operations of an organization, institution or agency. There are
any number of examples: motor vehicle registrations, hospital intake and
discharge records, workers’ compensation claims records, and more.
Compared to primary data, secondary data tends to be readily available and

inexpensive to obtain. In addition, administrative data tends to have large
samples, because the data collection is comprehensive and routine. What’s
more, administrative data (and many types of secondary data) are collected over
a long period. That allows researchers to detect change over time.
47
6.2 TOOLS USED FOR COLLECTION IN MY

RESEARCH WORK
I have used questionnaire method of collection of data.as it is very effective way
of collection of secondary data. Questionnaire includes set of questions which
talks about the research topic in detail
Questionnaires often make use of Checklist and rating scales. These devices
help simplify and quantify people's behaviors and attitudes. A checklist is a list
of behaviors, characteristics, or other entities that researcher is looking for.
Either the researcher or survey participant simply checks whether each item on
the list is observed, present or true or vice versa. A rating scale is more useful
when a behavior needs to be evaluated on a continuum. They are also known as
Likert scales
There are various reasons because of which I got motivated and convinced to
use this questionnaire method.
REASONS FOR USING QUESTIONNAIRES AS MY TOOL

FOR DATA COLLECTION ARE
Questionnaires are a useful method to investigate:
 Patterns, frequency, ease and success of use, user needs, expectations,

perspectives, priorities and preferences.
 user satisfaction with collections and services
 shifts in user attitudes and opinions
 Relevance of collections and services to user needs trends (by repetition
over time).
ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRES
48
The main advantages of questionnaires are:

 They are relatively easy to analyze
 They are familiar to library staff and managers
 A large sample of the given population can be contacted at relatively low
cost;
 They are simple to administer;
 The format is familiar to most respondents;
 They should be simple and quick for the respondent to complete
information is collected in a standardized way.
 They are usually straightforward to analyze.
 They can be used for sensitive topics which users feel uncomfortable
speaking to an interviewer about respondents may have time to think
about their answers; they are not usually required to reply immediately.
49
CHAPTER-7
DATA
INTERPRETATION
QUES1. Which age group do you belong?

a.18-30yrs b. above 30yrs
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
50
(out of 30)
18-30yrs 18 60%
Above 30 12 40%
FIGURE NO. 1
70%
60%
50%
40%
30% 60%
20% 40%
10%
0%
18-30YRS ABOVE 30
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents age group of respondents. here it could be seen
that 18 respondents out of 30 people surveyed belongs to 18-30 age group
comprising 60% of total whereas 12 respondents are from above 30 age
group comprising 40% of total number of respondents.
QUES 2 What is your gender?

A. male B. Female
(out of 30)
Male 14 46.67%
female 16 53.33%
51
FIGURE NO. 2
54.00%
52.00%
50.00%
48.00%
53.33%
46.00%
46.67%
44.00%
42.00%
male female
INTERPRETATION-
In the above graph there is representation of gender of respondents. out of

30 people who has been surveyed 14 people are male comprising 46.67% of
total and 16 respondents are female accounting for 53.33% of total no. of
respondent.
QUES 3 which mode of shopping do you prefer?
A. Online B. Offline

(out of 30)
Online 12 40%
offline 18 60%
52
FIGURE NO.3
70%
60%
50%
40%
30% 60%
20% 40%
10%
0%
online offline
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents mode of preference of respondents. Here it

could be seen that 12 respondents out of 30 people surveyed belongs to
online group comprising 40% of total whereas 18 respondents are from
offline group comprising 60% of total number of respondents.
53
QUES 4 what mode of payment do you prefer?

A. Cash payment B. cashless payment

(out of 30)
Cash payment 18 60%
Cashless payment 12 40%
FIGURE NO.4
70%
60%
50%
40%
30% 60%
20% 40%
10%
0%
cash cashless
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents mode of payment preference of

respondents. Here it could be seen that 18 respondents out of 30
people surveyed belongs to online group comprising 60% of total
whereas 12 respondents are from offline group comprising 40% of
total number of respondents.
54
QUES.5 According to you , what is the impact of online

shopping?
A. positive B. negative

(out of 30)
Positive 23 76.67%
negative 7 23.33%
FIGURE NO. 5
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00% 76.67%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00% 23.33%
0.00%
positive negative
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents impact of online shopping of respondents.

Here it could be seen that 23 respondents out of 30 people surveyed belongs
to online group comprising 76.67 % of total whereas 7 respondents are
from offline comprising 23.33% of total number of respondents.
55
QUES 6 What is your occupation?

A.Businessman B. profession/ salaried
C. Student D. housewife
RESPONSE
OPTIONS PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Business 1 3.33%
Profession/salaried 4 13.33%
student 24 80%
housewife 1 3.33%
FIGURE NO.6
90.00%
80.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
13.33%
10.00%
3.33% 3.33%
0.00%
businessman profession/salaried student housewife
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents occupation of respondents. Here it could be

seen that 1 respondents out of 30 people surveyed belongs to businessman
group comprising 3.33% of total ,4 respondents are from
profession/salaried comprising 13.33% ,24 respondents are from student
group comprising of 80% and only 1 respondent is from housewife group
comprising of 3.33% of total of respondent.
QUES 7 Do you like to shop online?

A.yes B. no
56

(out of 30)
Yes 18 60%
no 12 40%
FIGURE NO.7
70%
60%
50%
40%
30% 60%
20% 40%
10%
0%
yes no
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents how many respondents like online shopping.
to yes group comprising 60 % of total whereas 12 respondents are from
offline comprising 40% of total number of respondents.
57
QUES 8 if yes, why do you prefer online shopping?

A.Very convenient B. time saving
C. good quality product D. other
RESPONSE
OPTIONS PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Very convenient 7 23.33%
Time saving 10 33.34%
Good quality product 6 20%
other 7 23.33%
FIGURE NO.8
35.00% 33.34%
30.00%
23.33%
25.00%
23.33%
20.00% 20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
very convenient
time saving
good quality product
other
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents the preference of online shopping of

respondents. Here it could be seen that 7 respondents out of 30 people
surveyed belongs to very convenient group comprising 23.33% of total ,10
respondents are from time saving comprising 33.34% ,6 respondents are
from good quality of product group comprising of 20% and 7respondent is
from other group comprising of 23.33% of total of respondent .
QUES 9 If no , then what is the reason you never opted

online shopping ?
58
A. Delay in time B. damaged product

C .Cheap quality of product D. Others
RESPONSE
OPTIONS PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Delay in time 3 10%
Damage product 7 23.33%
Cheap quality of product 9 30%
other 11 36.67%
FIGURE NO.9
36.67%
40%
35% 30.00%
30% 23.33%
25%
20%
15% 10.00%
10%
5%
0%
delay in time damage product cheap quality others
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents the reason for not opting online shopping.
to delay in time group comprising 10% of total ,7 respondents are from
damage product group comprising 23.33% ,9 respondents are from cheap
quality of product group comprising of 30% and 11 respondent is from
others group comprising of 36.67% of total of respondent .
QUES 10 Which websites do you generally visit and like to

use?
A. Amazon B. Shop clues C. E bay
D Snapdeal E Flipkart F.Others
59
RESPONSE
OPTIONS PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Amazon 16 53.33%
Shop clues 0 0
E bay 0 0
snapdeal 0 0
flipkart 7 23.33%
others 7 23.33%
FIGUR NO.10
1
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
1 1
30.00%
20.00%
10.00% 1 1 1
0.00%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents the websites responds like to visit and use.
Here it could be seen that 16 respondents out of 30 people surveyed visit
amazon comprising 53.33% of total ,7 respondents prefer to visit flipkart
comprising of 23.33% ,7 respondents out of 30 visit other sites for shopping
comprising of 23.33% and 0 respondents visit shop clues, Ebay, snapdeal.
60
QUES 11 Are you aware about consumer right?

A. Yes B . No
(out of 30)
Yes 24 80%
no 6 20%
FIGURE NO.11
80%
70%
60%
50% 80%
40%
30%
20% 20%
10%
0%
yes no
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents the awareness about consumer right among
respondent . Here it could be seen that 24 respondents out of 30 people
surveyed belongs to yes group comprising 80% of total whereas 6
respondents are from no comprising 20% of total number of respondents.
61
Ques12. Do you look for deals or compare prices before you

make your online purchase?
A) YES B) NO
(out of 30)
Yes 20 66.67%
no 10 33.33%
FIGURE NO.12
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
66.67%
40.00%
30.00%
33.33%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
yes no
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents that how many respondent compare prices
before making online purchase . Here it could be seen that 20 respondents
out of 30 people surveyed belongs to yes group comprising 66.67% of total
whereas 10 respondents are from no comprising 33.33% of total number of
respondents.
Ques13. Tick the reason why you choose offline shopping ?
A. Better return policy B. Prefer to check the product by your
62
own
C. Instore discount D. All of these
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Better return policy 0 0
Prefer to check the product 11 36.67%
Instore discount 5 16.67%
All of these 14 46.66%
FIGURE NO.13
37% better return policy

prefere to check the product by
47% there own
instore discount
all of there
17%
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents the reasons for choosing offline shopping of
surveyed belongs to better return policy group comprising 0% of total ,11
respondents are from prefer to check the product by their own comprising
36.67% ,5 respondents are from instore discount group comprising of
16.67% and 14 respondent is from all of these group comprising of 46.66%
of total of respondent .
Ques14. How often do you go to market to buy products?

A)Weekly
B) Quarterly
C) Monthly
D)Others____
63
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Weekly 05 16.67%
Quarterly 08 26.67%
monthly 14 46.66%
Others 03 10%
FIGURE NO.14
50.00% 46.66%
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00% 26.67%
25.00%
20.00%
16.67%
15.00%
10.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
weekly quarterly monthly others
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents how often respondents visit market . Here it
weekly group comprising 16.67% of total ,8 respondents are from
quarterly group by their own comprising 26.67% ,14 respondents are from
monthly group comprising of 46.66% and 3 respondent is from others
group comprising of 10% of total of respondent.
64
Ques15. What ratings do you give to the products which you buy
online?
(5-point rating scale)

A. B. C. D. E.
Very good Good OK Poor Very poor
( 5star) ( 4star ) ( 3star ) ( 2star ) ( 1star )
2 16 12 0 0
6.67% 53.33% 40% 0 0
FIGURE NO.15
100.00%
60.00%
50.00% 100.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
100.00%
10.00% 100.00% 100.00%
0.00%
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents the rating of the products buy online by the
surveyed belongs to very good group comprising 6.67% of total ,16
respondents are from good group comprising 53.33% ,12 respondents are
from ok group comprising of 40% of total respondent and 0 respondents
are for poor and very poor group.
Ques16. How much money do you spend every month on

online shopping ?
65
A. Below 1000 B. 1000-2000

C .2000-5000 D. Above 5000
RESPONSE
OPTIONS PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Below 1000 16 53.33%
1000-2000 08 26.67%
2000-5000 06 20%
Above 5000 0 0
FIGURE NO. 16
above-5000 0.00%
2000-5000 20.00%
1000-2000 26.67%
below 1000 53.33%
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents how much money do respondent spend

monthly in online shopping . Here it could be seen that 16 respondents out
of 30 people surveyed belongs to below 1000 group comprising 53.33% of
total ,8 respondents are from 1000-2000 group comprising 26.67% ,
6respondents are from 2000-5000 group comprising of 20% and
0respondent are from above 5000 group .
Ques17. How much money do you spend every month on

offline shopping ?
A .Below 1000 B.1000-2000
C .2000-5000 D. Above 5000
66
(out of 30)
Below 1000 12 40%
1000-2000 08 26.67%
2000-5000 9 30%
Above 5000 01 03.33%
FIGURE NO. 17
40%
35%
30%
25%
20% 40.00%
15%
26.67% 30.00%
10%
5%
0% 3.33%
below 1000
1000-2000
2000-5000
above-5000
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents how much money do respondent spend

monthly in offline shopping . Here it could be seen that 12 respondents out
of 30 people surveyed belongs to below 1000 group comprising 40% of total
,8 respondents are from 1000-2000 group comprising 26.67% ,9
respondents are from 2000-5000 group comprising of 30% , and 1
respondent are from above 5000 group comprising of 03.33% of total
respondent .
67
Ques18. How often do you shop online ?
A) Weekly
B) Quarterly
C) Monthly
D) Others
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Weekly 00 0
Quarterly 06 20%
monthly 16 53.33%
Others 08 26.67%
FIGURE NO.18
0.6
53%
0.5
0.4
0.3
27%
0.2 20%
0.1
0 0%
weekly quarterly monthly others
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents how often respondents shop online . Here it
weekly group comprising 0% of total ,6 respondents are from quarterly
group by their own comprising 20% ,16 respondents are from monthly
group comprising of 53.33% and 8 respondent is from others group
comprising of 26.67% of total of respondent.
Ques19. How often consumers assure themselves regarding the

product’s quality and delivery time before ordering the product
online ?
68
A) Always
B) Frequently
C) Occasionally
D) Never
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
(out of 30)
Always 17 56.67%
Frequently 8 26.67%
occasionally 5 16.66%
never 0 0
FIGURE NO.19
56.67%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00% 26.67%
20.00%
16.66%
10.00%
0.00%
always 0.00%
frequently
occasionally
never
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents how often respondents assure themselves regarding the
product’s quality and delivery time . Here it could be seen that 17 respondents out of 30
people surveyed belongs to always group comprising 56.67% of total ,8 respondents are
from frequently group by their own comprising 26.67% ,5 respondents are from
occasionally group comprising of 16.66% and 0 respondent is from never group.
Ques20. Are you satisfied with the items that you have
purchased offline?
A. Very B. Somewhat C. Neutral D. Somewhat E. Dissatisfied
satisfied Satisfied dissatisfied
10 10 9 1 0
33.33% 33.33% 30% 3.34% 0
69
FIGURE NO.20
3%
33%
30%
33%
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents the satisfaction of the products buy offline by
the respondents. Here it could be seen that 10 respondents out of 30 people
surveyed belongs to very satisfied group comprising 33.33% of total ,10
respondents are from somewhat satisfied group comprising 33.33% ,9
respondents are from neutral group comprising of 30% ,1 respondent are
from somewhat dissatisfied group comprising of 3.34% of total of
respondent and0 respondent belongs to dissatisfied group.
Ques21. Were you satisfied with the procedure of shopping online ?

A. Very B. Somewhat C. Neutral D. Somewhat E. Dissatisfied
satisfied Satisfied dissatisfied
6 13 8 2 1
20% 43.33% 26.67% 6.67% 3.33%
70
FIGURE NO.21
3%
7%
20%
27%
43%
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents the satisfaction with the procedure of buying
product online. Here it could be seen that 6 respondents out of 30 people
surveyed belongs to very satisfied group comprising 20% of total ,13
respondents are from somewhat satisfied group comprising 43.33% ,
8respondents are from neutral group comprising of 26.67% , 2respondent
are from somewhat dissatisfied group comprising of 6.67% of total of
respondent and 1 respondent belongs to dissatisfied group comprising of
3.33% of total population.
Ques22. Is promotion and advertisement the factors influencing

online shopping decision ?
A. Strongly B. Slightly C. Neither D. Slightly E. Strongly

agree agree disagree disagree
14 16 0 0 0
46.67% 53.33% 0 0 0
71
FIGURE NO. 22
strongly disagree 0.00%
slightly disagree 0.00%
neither 0.00%
slightly agree
strongly agree 53.33%
0.00% 46.67%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents that does promotion and advertisement

influence online shopping decision of respondent . Here it could be seen
that 14 respondents out of 30 people surveyed belongs to strongly agree
group comprising 46.67% of total ,16 respondents are from slightly agree
group comprising 53.33% and rest are 0 respondent.
72
Ques23. Is, website providing sufficient product information and

explanation, the factor influencing online shopping decision?

5 13 4 6 2
16.67% 43.33% 13.33% 20% 6.67%
FIGURE NO. 23
20% 17%
7%
strongly agree
slightly agree
neither
slightly disagree
strongly disagree
13%
43%
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents that does website provide sufficient product
information about the product when purchase online to the respondent .
to strongly agree group comprising 16.67% of total ,13 respondents are
from slightly agree group comprising 43.33% ,4 respondents are from
neither group comprising of 13.33% , 6 respondent are from slightly
disagree group comprising of 20% of total of respondent and 2 respondent
belongs to strongly disagree group comprising of 6.67% of total
population.
73
Ques24. Is product price and quality the factors influencing

offline shopping ?
20 8 2 0 0
66.67% 26.67% 6.66% 0 0
FIGURE NO.
80.00% 100.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00% 100.00%
30.00%
20.00% 100.00%
100.00% 100.00%
10.00%
0.00%
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents that does the price and quality of product
influence offline shopping decision of respondent . Here it could be seen
that 20 respondents out of 30 people surveyed belongs to strongly agree
group comprising 66.67% of total ,8 respondents are from slightly agree
group comprising 26.67% ,2 respondents are from neither group
comprising of 6.66% and there are 0 respondent for other groups.
74
Ques25. Is personal behavior and interaction plays an important role

while shopping offline ?

agree agree disagre disagree
e
22 5 2 0 1
73.33% 16.67% 6.67% 0 3.33%
FIGURE NO.25
80.00%
73.33%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00% 16.67%
10.00% 6.67%
3.33%
0.00%
0.00%
strongly agree slightly agree neither slightly disagree strongly disagree
INTERPRETATION-
The above graph represents that does the personal behavior and
interaction play an important role in influence offline shopping of
respondent . Here it could be seen that 22respondents out of 30 people
surveyed belongs to strongly agree group comprising 73.33% of total ,5
respondents are from slightly agree group comprising 16.67% ,2
respondents are from neither group comprising of 6.67% , 0 respondent is
from slightly disagree group and 1 respondent belongs to strongly disagree
group comprising of 3.33% of total population.
75
Ques 26 . Which one do you prefer most online shopping or offline

shopping ? And why ?
Ans-60% of the population prefer offline shopping and 40% prefer online
shopping in my survey.
Reasons for opting offline –
I. You don’t have to wait for the services or products which you buy. Since
you buy it directly from a seller, you find your services or products
instantly. No need to wait for arrival of your bought services and things.
II. Since you find the products in your hands instantly in offline shopping,
you can check the quality instantly and give your feedback at the time of
buying.
III. You can access after sale service part better and quicker as you can
contact the seller whenever you feel a need of that. Talk to face to face .
Reasons for online shopping-
I. Better prices. Cheap deals and better prices are available online,
because products come to you direct from the manufacturer or seller
without involving middlemen. Plus, it's easier to compare prices and find
a better deal.
II. More variety. The choices online are amazing. You can find almost any
brand or item you're looking for. You can get in on the latest
international trends without spending money on airfare
III. Convenience. Convenience is the biggest perk Online shops give us the
opportunity to shop 24/7, and also reward us with a ‘no pollution’
shopping experience.
Ques27.Which eCommerce website do you use for online shopping and why?
Ans –Most of people prefer Amazon, Flipkart , Myntra , Shop clues, Paytm
mall etc.
Reasons-
 Compare: You can take as much time as you want, to compare with your
/ your friend’s/ neighbors’ existing product before buying the one.
76
 Offers: As its common now a days- Banks, Companies and websites

themselves offer lucrative discounts and paybacks for your shopping.
 Free: As human tendency is always looking for “FREE”, Most of websites

provides free delivery and free return.
Ques28. What do you prefer to your friends and family members : online or
offline shopping ?
Ans- More than 55% of the respondents prefer to suggest online shopping to
their family and friends as it is convenient, time saving, and provide many free
gifts , discount and cash back offers.
Others prefer to suggest offline shopping to their family and friends as there is
personal connection with the seller , quality can be compared directly and also
provide a space for bargaining.
Ques29. Regarding the product's durability, non-durability and semi-

durability , which mode of shopping you would prefer ?
Ans- Regarding the product’s durability ,non durability and semi durability,
most of the respondent prefer online shopping for durable and semi durable
products like cloths, shoes,bags etc.While offline shopping for non durable
product like vegetable ,fruits, juices etc.
Ques30. Would you like to give any suggestion or opinion for change in service
provided by e-Commerce websites?
Ans-Suggestion-
 Provide full details of the product clearly and in simple language.

 There should be option for change in language according to the choice of
the consumer for easy access.
 Easy return policy.
OVERALL RESULT AT GLANCE

77
ANALYSIS TABLE
QUESTION Option A option B option C option D option E option F TOTAL

1 36 24 60
2 28 32 60
3 24 36 60
4 36 24 60
5 46 14 60
6 4 8 48 2 60
7 36 24 60
8 14 20 12 14 60
9 9 14 18 22 60
10 32 0 0 0 14 14 60
11 48 12 60
12 40 20 60
13 0 22 10 28 60
14 10 16 28 6 60
15 4 32 24 0 60
16 32 16 12 0 60
17 24 16 18 2 60
18 0 12 32 16 60
19 34 16 10 0 60
20 20 20 18 2 60
21 12 26 16 4 2 0 60
22 28 32 0 0 0 0 60
23 10 26 8 12 4 0 60
24 40 16 4 0 0 0 60
25 44 10 4 2 60
26
27
28 OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS
29
30
TABLE NO.26
78
7.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING

To test a hypothesis means to tell (on the basis of the data the researcher has
collected) whether or not the hypothesis seems to be valid. In the hypothesis
testing the main question is: whether to accept the null hypothesis or not to
accept the null hypothesis? Procedure for hypothesis testing refers to all those
steps that we undertake for making a choice between the two actions i.e.,
rejection and acceptance of a null hypothesis.
7.2.1 UTILITY OF CHI-SQUARE TEST

The chi-square test is used to determine whether there is a significant difference
between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more
categories. Does the number of individuals or objects that fall in each category
differ significantly from the number expected? Is this difference between the
expected and observed due to sampling variation, or is it a real difference?
Yates Correction-
F. Yates has suggested a correction for continuity in x2value calculated in
connection with a (2x2) table, particularly when any cell’s frequency is less
than 5. The rule for correction is to adjust the observed frequency in each cell of
a (2x2) table in such a way as to reduce the deviation of the observed from the
expected frequency for that cell by 0.5, but this adjustment is made in all the
cells without disturbing the marginal totals. The formula is
x2=[|Of-Ef|-0.5]2/Ef
79
7.2.2 APPLICATION OF CHI-SQUARE

For the purpose testing the hypothesis we have applied Chi –Square Test
To obtain the value of Chi- square the formula applied is –
Where Oi is observed frequency of ith event and Ei is expected frequency of ithevent.
In this research,
A- 18-30 years α- Above 30 years

B- ONLINE β- OFFLINE
THEREFORE,
AB- PERSONS WHO ARE BETWEEN 18-30 OR YOUTH AND PREFER ONLINE
SHOPPING.
αB- PERSONS WHO ARE ABOVE 30 OR ADULTS AND PREFER ONLINE

SHOPPING.
Aβ-PERSONS WHO ARE BETWEEN 18-30 OR YOUTHAND PREFER OFFLINE

SHOPPING.
αβ-PERSONS WHO ARE ABOVE 30 OR ADULTS AND PREFER OFFLINE

SHOPPING.
80
OBSERVED FREQUENCY (Oi)-

AB=16
Aβ=20
αB=12
αβ=12
AB αB B
Aβ αβ β
A α N
16 12 28
20 12 32
18*2=36 12*2=24 60
TABLE NO.27
81
TWO-SQUARE TABLE
SAMPLE A α TOTAL
B 16 12 28
β 20 12 32
TOTAL 36 24 60
TABLE NO.28
Table value of chi-square is 3.841.
Calculation of Expected Frequency (Ei)-
FORMULA = ROW OF CELL * COLOUMN OF THAT CELL
GRAND TOTAL
Here, Ei (AB)=28 x 36= 16.8
60
Ei (Ab)= 28x 24= 11.2
60
Ei (aB)= 32 x 36= 19.2
60
Ei (ab) = 32 x 24= 12.8
60
82
GROU ALPHABETICAL OF Ei Of- (Of- (Oi-

P REPRESENTATION Ef Ei ) 2 Ei)2/Ei
AB PERSONS WHO ARE BETWEEN 18-30 1 16. -.8 .64 .038
OR YOUTH AND PREFER ONLINE 6 8
SHOPPING.
Aβ - PERSONS WHO ARE ABOVE 30 OR 2 11. 8.8 77.44 6.914
ADULTS AND PREFER ONLINE 0 2
SHOPPING.
αB PERSONS WHO ARE BETWEEN 18-30 1 19. - 51.84 2.7
OR YOUTH AND PREFER OFFLINE 2 2 7.2
SHOPPING.
αβ PERSONS WHO ARE ABOVE 30 OR 1 12. .8 .64 .05
ADULTS AND PREFER OFFLINE 2 8
SHOPPING.
x2=9.702
TABLENO.29
As, we can see that corrected chi-square >table value of chi-

square or 9.702>3.841.
Conclusion
As we can see that there is association between PREFERENCE
OF ONLINE SHOPPING AND OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG
YOUTH AND ADULT. Therefore the alternative hypothesis is
accepted and null hypothesis is rejected.
83
CHAPTER-8
CONCLUSIONS
SUGGESTION
84
THE ABOVE STUDY CONDUCTED GIVES THE REDULT

THAT THERE IS ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PREFERENCE OF
ONLINE SHOPPING AND OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG
YOUTH AND ADULT.
IN MY SURVEY RESPONDENT PREFER MORE OFFLINE
SHOPPING THAN ONLINE SHOPPING. REASONS FOR OPTING
OFFLINE SHOPPING WHERE:-
 Experience the Item: you can physically be present near the collection
you want to choose from and try out the clothes by yourself. Sometimes it
is not prominent in the images. The texture and material of the fabric can
be known.
 Help and Recommendations from the Sales Staff: It is of great help

when the sales person helps you in every step from choosing the correct
size to providing you with choices of colours.
 Product is with you Right Away: There is no requirement of waiting

three to four days for the item when you can get it right away and
therefore use it right then and there.
 Returning the Product: returning the product can be done by the

customer herself/himself and this will avoid delay and trust issues.
REASONS FOR NOT OPTING ONLINE SHOPPING:-

 Online portals are not up to the mark: There have been few
lacuna’s in the exiting online websites like poor frontends, website
search options are not good, lack of sufficient information about
products and terms and conditions, slow websites etc.
 Issues concerning security and transaction frauds. :-In

addition many of the web portals don’t support all online modes of
payments. There are high occurrence of failed payments and this if
often a deterrent for clients to revisit the portal.
 Time between initial visit and purchase has increased:-

Increasingly financially challenged consumers may wait longer
before buying.
85
SUGGESTIONS:-
1. Emphasis on after sale service:- There should be more stress

on the quality of products and the durability of the products, which
are offered for sales and along with that assurance for after sales
service.
2. Awareness regarding security measure:- Teaching

Consumers to transact only on secure internet
connections is also necessary.
3. Varied payment options:- More options like cash on

delivery, money transfer, cheques or demand drafts, end
to end payment should be made available to the customer
who can adopt the best-suited method.
86
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sr.no. Book’s Name Author’s Publisher,s

Name Name
1 Advanced Dr. Mohit Puri Navchetan
Research Publishers
Methodology
2 Research C. M. Srikala
Methodology Chaudhary Publishers
3 Research C. R. Kothari New Age
Methodology Publishers
4 Research Dipak Kumar Sanjog
Methodology Publishers
87
ANNEXURES
88
INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE IN

HIGHER EDUCATION
QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
TISHYA DESHMUKH student of IEHE, B.Com Accounts Honors
conducting survey on the topic ‘’PREFERENCE OF ONLINE/OFFLINE
SHOPPING AMONG YOUTH AND ADULT’’. I therefore request you to
give your opinion on the questions asked.
NAME OF RESPONDENT: _________________________
GENERAL QUESTIONS / HYPOTHETICAL QUESTIONS

Ques1. Which age group do you belong ?
A) 18-30 yrs. B) Above 30 yrs.

Ques2. What is your gender ?
A) Male B) Female
Ques3. Which mode of shopping do you prefer ?
A) Online B) Offline
Ques4. What mode of payment do you prefer ?
A) Cash payment B) Cashless payment

Ques5. According to you, what is the impact of online shopping ?
A) Positive B) Negative
Ques6. What is your occupation ?
A) Businessman B) Professional/ Salaried

C) Student D)Housewife
89
SPECIFIC QUESTIONS
Ques7. Do you like to shop online ?
A) YES B) NO
Ques8. If yes, why do you prefer online shopping ?
A) Very convenient B) Time-saving

C)Good quality products D) Other __________
Ques9. If no, then what is the reason you never opted online
shopping ?
A) Delay in time B) Damaged product

C)Cheap quality of products D) Other __________
Ques10. Which websites do you generally visit and like to use ?
A) Amazon B)Shop clues C)eBay
D)Snapdeal E)Flipkart F)Other_____
Ques11. Are you aware about consumer rights?
A) YES B) NO
Ques12. Do you look for deals or compare prices before you make
your online purchase?
B) YES B) NO
Ques13. Tick the reason why you choose offline shopping ?
A) Better return policy

B) Prefer to check the product by your own
C) Instore discount
D) All of these
90
Ques14. How often do you go to market to buy products?
E) Weekly
F) Quarterly
G) Monthly
H) Others____
Ques15. What ratings do you give to the products which you buy
online?
(5-point rating scale)
B. B. C. D. E.
Very good Good OK Poor Very poor
( 5star) ( 4star ) ( 3star ) ( 2star ) ( 1star )
Ques16. How much money do you spend every month on online

shopping ?
A) Below 1000
B) 1000-2000
C) 2000-5000
D) Above 5000
Ques17. How much money do you spend every month on offline

shopping ?
A) Below 1000
B) 1000-2000
C) 2000-5000
D) Above 5000
91
Ques18. How often do you shop online ?
E) Weekly
F) Quarterly
G) Monthly
H) Others
Ques19. How often consumers assure themselves regarding the
product’s quality and delivery time before ordering the product
online ?
E) Always
F) Frequently
G) Occasionally
H) Never
Ques20. Are you satisfied with the items that you have purchased
offline?
A. Very B. Somewha C. Neutra D. Somewha E. Dissatisfie

satisfie t l t d
d Satisfied dissatisfie
d
Ques21. Were you satisfied with the procedure of shopping online ?
A. Very B. Somewha C. Neutra D. Somewha E. Dissatisfie

satisfie t l t d
d satisfied dissatisfie
d
Ques22. Is promotion and advertisement the factors influencing

online shopping decision ?
92
A. Strongly B .Slightly C. D. Slightly E .Strongly

agree agree Neither disagre disagree
e
Ques23. Is, website providing sufficient product information and

explanation, the factor influencing online shopping decision?

agree Agree disagre disagree
e
Ques24. Is product price and quality the factors influencing offline

shopping ?
A B. Slightly C. Neit D. Slightly E. Strongly

.Stron agree her disagree disagree
gly
agree
Ques25. Is personal behavior and interaction plays an important role

while shopping offline ?

agree agree disagre disagree
e
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
93
Ques26. Which one do you prefer most online shopping or offline

shopping ? And why ?
Ques27.Which e Commerce website do you use for online shopping

and why?
Ques28. What do you prefer to your friends and family members :

online or offline shopping ?
Ques29. Regarding the product's durability, non-durability and semi-

durability , which mode of shopping you would prefer ?
Ques30. Would you like to give any suggestion or opinion for change
in service provided by e-Commerce websites?
94
95

Institute For Excellence in Higher Education

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Institute For Excellence in Higher Education

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE IN

HIGHER EDUCATION (IEHE)

FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

RESEARCH TOPIC –PREFERENCE OF ONLINE

RESERCH GUIDE: TEACHER GUIDE:

B.com ACCOUNTS HONOURS II ND YEAR

FOR EXCELLENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION” .She has conducted an

authentic research report on the topic “PREFERENCE OF ONLINE AND

OFFLINE SHOPPING AMONG YOUTH AND ADULT ” and has completed

for examination session 2019-2020 and is been submitted thereof.

Mrs. Dolly Chopra

I hereby declare that the project entitled “PREFERENCE OF

S NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO

1.1 Introduction To The Topic 11

6. Collection Of Data 43-44

LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPH

1.1 Introduction to the topic

There are 2 modes of shopping :

1.2 Significance of the Study

will contribute to a better understanding of consumer behaviour. The outcome of

Introduction: Earlier studies shown that if E-marketer/Companies know

Online Vs. Offline Consumer Behavior:

offline features have positive effects on the user acceptance, usefulness,

To analyse the significant difference between the

Research is done with the help of study, experiment, observation, analysis,

plasmodium; AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is due to the virus

We became aware of all this information only through research. More

• Why are materials like that?

C. Normal and Revolutionary Researches

D. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

We measure and weigh things in the study of substance or structure. Can we

The detection of a particular compound is a qualitative analysis. This can be

E. Other Types of Research

4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

 Selection of a research problem

4.2.1 TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

Exploratory Research Design

Although some people dismiss descriptive research as `mere description’, good

dimensions of the phenomenon of increasing polarization. It is all very well to

4.3 SAMPLE DESIGN- A sample design is a definite plan for obtain a

4.3.1STEPS IN SAMPLE DESIGN

e for the survey.

Sampling Units and Variable-

A decision has to be taken concerning a sampling unit before selecting sample

Selection of Proper Sampling Design

Organizing Field Work:

4.3.2 TYPES OF SAMPLING:

The researcher’s judgment used for selecting items which he considers as

Simple Random Sampling:

Types of sampling and sample design taken for

Probability sampling used in study is stratified random sampling, as the

4.3.3 SAMPLING UNIT:

4.3.4SAMPLING UNIT TAKEN FOR THIS STUDY:

The area covered by me for 30 questionnaires includes: -

1. Student: - questionnaires are being filled by educated student.

2. Professional student: - questionnaires are being filled by professional

3. Businessman: - questionnaires are being filled by them.

4. Others: -questionnaires are being filled by them.

4.3.5VARIABLE UNDER RESEARCH STUDY:

The attributes of my research work are as follows: -

 4.4AREA OF MY RESEARCH WORK-

 As I have conducted my research, I have chosen many areas in Bhopal

Hypothesis is usually considered as principle instrument in research. Its