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Pr (1 + )< )
.
(1 + )
MAT-72306 RandAl, Spring 2015 5-Feb-15 170
)
.
(1 + )
Taking the logarithm of both sides, we obtain the
equivalent condition
1 + ln 1 + 3 0
Computing the derivatives of , we have:
1+
)=1 ln 1 + + 2 3
1+
ln 1 + + 2 3
1 2
+
1+ 3
MAT-72306 RandAl, Spring 2015 5-Feb-15 171
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• We see that
< 0 for < 1/2 and
> 0 for 1 2
• Hence first decreases and then increases
over the interval [0,1]
• Since (0) = 0 and 1 < 0, we can conclude
that in the interval [0,1]
• Since (0) = 0, it follows that 0 in that
interval, proving (4.4.2).
Pr (1 + )
(1 + )
1+
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2
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Pr (1 )
;
(1 + )
Pr (1 .
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• Now ), so ]=
• If then we have one of the
following two events:
1. if , then =
](1 + );
2. if , then =
](1 )
• We can apply the Chernoff bounds of Thms 4.4
and 4.5 to compute Pr
= Pr + Pr 1+
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and
Pr = Pr
Setting , we obtain
Pr
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= exp
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or = ln 2
• For = 365, this approximation gives =
22.49, matching the exact calculation quite well
• Mars has = 687 days, need = 30.86 aliens
MAT-72306 RandAl, Spring 2015 5-Feb-15 198
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<
! !
we have
!>
• Applying a union bound again allows us to find
that, for 3 ln / ln ln , the probability that
any bin receives at least balls is bounded
above by
ln ln
3 ln
MAT-72306 RandAl, Spring 2015 5-Feb-15 205
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ln ln
ln
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