.

Window Air Conditioner

Split Type Air Conditioner

.
 AIR CONDITIONER

Introduction:
Air conditioner is a device used to condition the air according to human comfort. Air is
consisting of humidity, temperature, dust etc. The presence of these constituents makes the people to
feel discomfort and reduces the efficiency of persons. Therefore air has to be conditioner depending
upon the requirement. Generally in coastal areas the humidity level is more hence wet air prevails, so
air has to be dehumidified using air conditioner. In the tropical areas dry air prevails hence air has to be
humidified using air conditioner. Thus air conditioner may be classified according to season as Summer
Air Conditioner & Winter Air Conditioner.
Types of Air Conditioner:
1. Window Air Conditioner
2. Spilt type Air Conditioner

WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER:

Working Principle:
The refrigerant vapour at high pressure and temperature is supplied by the compressor to the
condenser. A propeller type fan is used to draw air from atmosphere and to circulate through the
condenser coil. The air cools the refrigerant vapour and it becomes liquid.
Refrigeration cycle
The refrigeration cycle consists of the following processes .
1) Condensing coil 2) Expansion valve, 3) Evaporator coil, 4) Compressor.
Initially, a heat pump transfers heat from a lower-temperature heat source into a higher-
temperature heat sink. Heat would naturally flow in the opposite direction. This is the most common
type of air conditioning. A refrigerator works in much the same way, as it pumps the heat out of the
interior and into the room in which it stands.
The most common refrigeration cycle uses an electric motor to drive a compressor. Since
evaporation occurs when heat is absorbed, and condensation occurs when heat is released, air
conditioners use a compressor to cause pressure changes between two compartments, and actively
condense and pump a refrigerant around. A refrigerant is pumped into the cooled compartment (the
evaporator coil), where the low pressure causes the refrigerant to evaporate into a vapor, taking heat
with it. In the other compartment (the condenser), the refrigerant vapor is compressed and forced
through another heat exchange coil, condensing into a liquid, rejecting the heat previously absorbed
from the cooled space. Air conditioning equipment usually reduces the humidity of the air processed by
the system and hence produces the effect.
COMPONENTS:
The refrigeration systems consists of :
a) Compressor
The compressor used in window air conditioner is of hermetic type. The refrigerant vapour is
compressed to high pressure and temperature in the condenser.
b) Air-cooled condenser
It is used to cool the high pressure high temperature refrigerant vapour. It is continuous coil
made of copper tubing. A propeller type fan is used to draw the necessary air from atmosphere to cool
the refrigerant.
c) Capillary tube
It is an expansion device. It is used to reduce the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant.
d) Evaporator
It is cooling coil made of copper. A centrifugal blower is installed behind the coil to deliver cool
air from the evaporator to the room. The blower also sucks warm air from the room and sends it to the
evaporator through a Filter.
Applications:
1) Used in offices, hotels, buses, cars, aero planes for human comfort.
2) Used in textile industries to control moisture.
3) Used in printing press, food industries, chemical plants etc.,

Window air conditioner is also known as room air conditioner, and is usually fitted in the window or
any opening made in the wall of suitable dimensions. This is then packed with insulating material like
thermo coal to achieve better efficiency.
SPLIT TYPE AIR CONDITONER:
Introduction:
Split air conditioners are used for rooms and halls, usually in places where window air
conditioners cannot be installed. However, these days many people prefer split air conditioner units
even for places where window air conditioners can be fitted.
The split type room air conditioner is comprised of two parts.
1) The outdoor unit,
The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor,
condenser and expansion valve.
2) The indoor unit.
The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling fan. The split air
conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms.
OUTDOOR UNIT :
This unit houses important components of the air conditioner like the compressor, condenser
coil and also the expansion coil or capillary tubing. This unit is installed outside the room or office
space which is to be cooled.
It consists of the following parts :
a) Compressor is the main component of the system and is used to compress the refrigerant.
b) Condenser Coil is used to reject heat from the refrigerant to the out side air.
c) Condenser Fan is used in air-cooled condenser to help move the air molecules over the surface
of the condensing coil, hence rejecting the heat form the indoor to the space outside the
building.
d) Condenser Motor is located here. The motor usually has two to three speeds. Smaller unit may
have only one speed of control and turns on/off simultaneously with the compressor.
INDOOR UNIT :
The indoor unit houses the evaporator coil or the cooling coil, a long blower and the filer. After
passing from the expansion coil, the chilled Freon fluid enters the cooling coil. The blower sucks the
hot, humid and filtered air from the room and it blows over the cooling coil. As the air passes over
cooling coiling its temperature reduces drastically and also loses the excess moisture comfortable
conditions of around 25 ° to 27 ° C as per the standard requirements. It can be mounted on the ceiling,
wall or simply as a console unit on the floor.
It consists of the following parts :
a) Evaporator coil is where the heat exchange is done with the room. It consists of fins and tubes.
b) Control Panel is where user control the functions of the air conditioner. Displays at the panel
may indicate the mode of operation, timer, on/off status, fan speed and other special functions.
Most newer units have remote control feature built into the system
c) Air Filter is located in front of the evaporator coil to trap any dust or particles before going into
the evaporator. This is usually washable and re-useable. Users are advised to clean it at least
once in three months or more regularly if the environment is dirty.
d) Supply and Return Air Grills are where the air enters and discharge from the indoor unit.
e) Fan blower together with its motor are used to control the fan speed of the unit. High, medium .
Low and Ultra low speeds are usually designed for users to select.
f) Capillary tube is used as an expansion device where the flow of the refrigerant depends on the
tube internal diameter, shape and its length. The tube is usually used in smaller units. Larger
units use thermostatic expansion valve which has a controlling valve to regulate the flow of
refrigerant with greater precision.
WORKING :
A copper connection pipe and electrical wiring connects the indoor unit to the outdoor unit of
the split air conditioning.
Gas refrigerant is pumped from the outdoor condenser coil and compressor through the
connection pipe to the indoor unit(s).
A fan then quietly distributes cool air drawn across the unit s evaporator coil.