Thermodynamics

Lecture 8

ASHWANI TYAGI
B.Tech - IIT Roorkee
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Reversible Adiabatic Process
Reversible Adiabatic Process
Slope of Adiabatic Curve
Slope of Adiabatic Curve Vs Isothermal Curve
 Reversible Adiabatic Relations

1.

2.

3.

K.I.M
These relations are not valid for irreversible adiabatic process
Work done in Reversible Adiabatic Expansion
Work Done In Irreversible Adiabatic Expansion
 Work done in adiabatic processes

Q =0 ΔU = W = nCvΔT= -Pext. dV

For infinitesimal Change, ઠq =0 dE = w = nCvdT= -Pext. dV

Irreversible Finite free

Process Reversible Work done Infinite free expansion
Work done expansion

ΔT =0 , ΔE =0
ΔT =0 , ΔE =0 Pext = 0, Pext = 0, P2 ≠0,
Adiabatic P2 = 0, W =0, Q=0, ΔH
= -Pext.ΔV W =0, Q=0, ΔH
Expansion
=0 , P1V1 = P2V2 =0 , P1V1 = P2V2
(or)
=
Compression
Where V2 = ∞ Where V2 ≠ ∞
 Comparison of thermodynamic Quantities in Adiabatic Process

Expansion w T ΔU ΔH

w = nCv(T2 - T1) < 0

Reversible T2 < T1 ΔU = nCv(T2 - T1) < 0
ΔH = nCp(T2 - T1) < 0

Intermediate w’ = nCv(T2 - T1) < 0 T’2 < T1 ΔU’ = nCv(T2 - T1) < 0 ΔH’ = nCp(T2 - T1) < 0

w’’ = nCv(T2 - T1) =

Free T’’2 = T1 ΔU’’ = nCv(T2 - T1) = 0 ΔH’’ = 0
0
Example In an insulated container 1 mole of an ideal gas is reversibly expanded at
600K to 300K. Calculate the work done by gas if :

a. Gas is monatomic
b. Gas is diatomic

A. -3.779 x 103 KJ & 6.236 x 103 KJ

B. 3.779 x 103 KJ & -6.236 x 103 KJ
C. -3.779 x 103 KJ & - 6.236 x 103 KJ
D. None of these
 Example 0.40 mole of a monatomic gas fills a 1 dm3 container to a pressure
1.013 x 106 Pa. It is expanded reversibly and adiabatically until a pressure of
1.013 x 105 Pa is reached. Calculate
I. What is final volume of gas ?
II. Initial and final temperature of gas.
III. Work done by gas during expansion.

A. 3.98 dm3 , 304.6 K , 121.28K & -923.7 J

B. 3.98 dm3 , 304.6 K , -121.28K & 923.7 J
C. 3.98 dm3 , 304.6 K , 121.28K & -923.7 J
D. None of these
Example An ideal monatomic gas (Cv = 1.5R) initially at 298 K and 1.013 x 106 Pa
pressure expands adiabatically until it is in equilibrium with a constant
external pressure of 1.013 x 105 Pa. Calculate the final temperature of gas.

A. 195.7 K
B. 190 K
C. 200 K
D. None of these
Example P -V plot for two gases ( assuming ideal ) during adiabatic processes are
given in the fig. Plot A and Plot B should correspond respectively to
P
A. He and H2
B. H2 and He
C. He and Ne
D. H2 and Cl2
A
B

V
Example Calculate the final temperature of a monatomic ideal gas that is compressed
reversibly and adiabatically from 16L to 2L at 300K :

A. 600 K
B. 1044.6 K
C. 1200 K
D. 2400 K
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