A

Project Report
On

MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF PORTABLE HYDRO

POWER PLANT
Submitted to
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, ANANTHAPURAMU

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Submitted By

K BHUPATHI REDDY - (17691A0211)

M BABY RANI - (17691A0209)
B JALAJA - (17691A0232)
P MOIN KHAN - (17691A0253)
C VIJAY KUMAR - (18695A0211)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. HIRA SINGH
SACHDEV
Sr. Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

(UGC – AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, Approved by AICTE, New
Delhi) AN ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution
P. B. No: 14, Angallu, Madanapalle – 517325

2017-2021
 A

Project Report
On

MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF PORTABLE HYDRO

POWER PLANT
Submitted to
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, ANANTHAPURAMU

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Submitted By

K BHUPATHI REDDY - (17691A0211)

M BABY RANI - (17691A0209)
B JALAJA - (17691A0232)
P MOIN KHAN - (17691A0253)
C VIJAY KUMAR - (18695A0211)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. HIRA SINGH
SACHDEV
Sr. Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

(UGC – AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, Approved by AICTE, New
Delhi) AN ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution
P. B. No: 14, Angallu, Madanapalle – 517325
2017-2021
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “Modelling and Analysis of Portable Hydro
Power Plant” is a bonafide work carried out by

K BHUPATHI REDDY - (17691A0211)

M BABY RANI - (17691A0209)

B JALAJA - (17691A0232)

P MOIN KHAN - (17691A0253)

C VIJAY KUMAR - (18695A0211)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology
in the stream of Electrical & Electronics Engineering in Madanapalle Institute of
Technology and Science, Madanapalle, affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University, Ananthapuramu during the academic year 2020-2021.

Project Guide Head of the Department

Dr. HIRA SINGH SACHDEV Dr. A.V. PAVAN KUMAR
Sr. Assistant Professor Associate Professor
Department of EEE Head of the Department
Department of EEE

Submitted for the university examination held on:

Internal Examiner
External Examiner

i
 Ph:08571-280255,28090 fax:08571-280433

MADANAPLLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

(UGC AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
An engineering college sponsored by
RATAKONDA RANGA REDDY EDUCATIONAL ACADEMY,
World Bank-funded institute, Recognized research Centre under
JNTUA, (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to J.N.T.U.A,
Ananthapuramu),
An ISO 9001:2008 certified
institution, Madanapalle, Chittoor
(Dist.), A.P.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING ORIGINALITY CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report titled “Modelling and Analysis of
Portable Hydro Power Plant” Submitted by K.BHUPATHI REDDY (17691A0211),
M.BABY RANI (17691A0209),B.JALAJA(17691A0232),P.MOIN KHAN(17691A0253)
and C.VIJAY KUMAR (18695A0211) have been % evaluated using Turn it in software for
an original check.

Head of the Department

Dr. A.V. PAVAN KUMAR, Ph.D.

Associate Professor
Department of
EEE.
ii
DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the results embodied in this project “ MODELLING AND
ANALYSIS OF PORTABLE HYDRO POWER PLANT ” by us under the guidance of
Dr. Hira Singh Sachdev, Sr. Assistant Professor, Department of EEE in partial
fulfillment of the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical & Electronics
Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ananthapuramu and we
have not submitted the same to any other University/Institute for the award of any other
degree.

Date :
Place :

PROJECT ASSOCIATES SIGNATURE

K BHUPATHI REDDY (17691A0211)

M BABY RANI (17691A0209)
B JALAJA (17691A0232)
P MOIN KHAN (17691A0253)
C VIJAY KUMAR (18695A0211)

iii
 MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE,
MADANAPALLE
(UGC - Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi &Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu) P.B.No. 14,
Angallu, Madanapalle – 517325, Chittoor Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India.
www.mits.ac.in Phone: 08571-280255,280706 Fax: 08571 –280433

Plagiarism Verification Certificate

This is to certify that the B.Tech Project Thesis entitled “Modelling and Analysis of Portable
Hydro power plant” submitted by K Bhupathi Reddy(17691A0211),M Baby Rani
(17691A0209), B Jalaja(17691A0232), P.Moin Khan(17691A0253) and C.Vijay Kumar
(18695A0211) has evaluated using Anti- Plagiarism URKUND check system. I have analyzed
the report produced by the system and based on it.
I certify that the references in the thesis are in accordance with good scientific practice. The
similarity index is found as 32%. The following is the URKUND report for the Thesis document
consisting of 52 pages..

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is a great pleasure and honour for us to express our utmost sincere gratitude to our
guide Dr. Hira Singh Sachdev, PhD, Sr. Assistant Professor, and Project Coordinator, EEE
Department, MITS, for his inspiring guidance, encouragement, and guided effectively to a
successful completion of this Project work.
Our sincere thanks are to Dr. A V Pavan Kumar., Head of the EEE Department, MITS,
and Dr. C. Yuvaraj, Principal, MITS, for extending necessary supports as and when required.
We express our deep sense of gratitude to all the Faculty and the associate colleagues of
the EEE Department for their continuous encouragement and suggestions.
We sincerely thank the Management of MITS for providing excellent infrastructure and
guidance to complete this Project.
The project report has been carried out in the Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science. We are greatly indebted to
many persons for helping us complete this report.
Finally, we thank Almighty for always showering His blessings on us.

K. BHUPATHI REDDY
M. BABY RANI
B JALAJA
P MOIN KHAN
C. VIJAY KUMAR

V
 CONTENTS
ABSTRACT xi
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM 1-4
1.2 HYDRO 5
1.3 SPEED GOVERNORING SYSTEM 6
1.4 ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES 7
1.5 MICRO HYDRO POWER SYSTEM 8
1.6 CLASSIFICATION OF MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT 9
1.7 ADVANTAGES OF MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT 10

CHAPTER 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 11-14
2.2 MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HYDRO TURBINE 15
GOVERNER SYSTEM
2.3 MODELLING OF GOVERNOR 16
2.4 MODELLING OF EXCITATION SYSTEM MODEL 17
2.5 MODELLING OF HYDRAULIC TURBINE 18
2.6 MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL OF HYDRO TURBINE 19
GOVERNOR
2.7 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR MODELS 20

CHAPTER 3
iv
MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL OF MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT
3.1 SIMULATION OF MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT 21
MODEL
3.2 SIMULATION RESULTS OF MICRO HYDRO POWER 22
 PLANT MODEL

CHAPTER 4
DATA FOR CONSTRUCTION MODEL 26-29

CONCLUSION 30-31

REFRENCES 32

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NAME PAGE NO
vii
NO
1 HYDRO 5
2 SPEED GOVERNOR SYSTEM 6
3 LAYOUT PORTABLE HYDRO POWER PLANT 8
4 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A HYDRAULIC 11
POWER PLANT
5 BASIC GOVERNOR CONTROL SYSTEM(TYPICAL) 13
6 SIMULINK MODEL OF A CONTROLLER 16
7 HYDRAULIC TURBINE GOVERNOR MODEL 17
8 MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL OF HYDRO TURBINE 18
9 BLOCK MODEL OF HYDRO TURBINE GOVERNOR 19
10 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE 20
11 SIMULINK/MATLAB OF MICRO HYDRO POWER 21
PLANT
GRAPH 1 ROTOR SPEED CHARACTERISTICS 23
GRAPH 2 PHASE VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF STATOR 23
GRAPH 3 REACTIVE POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF MHP 24
PLANT
GRAPH 4 STATOR THREE PHASE CURRENT 24
CHARACTERISTICS FOR0.2 SEC STEADY STATE
GRAPH 5 ACTIVE POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF MHP 25
PLANT
GRAPH 6 EXCITATION SYSTEM OUTPUT 25

ABSTRACT
Micro-hydro-electric power is both an viii efficient and reliable form of clean source
of renewable energy. It can be an excellent method of harnessing renewable energy
from small rivers and streams. The micro-hydro project designed to be a run -of-river type
because it requires very little or no reservoir to power the turbine. The water will run straight
through the turbine and back into the river or stream to use it for the other purposes. This has a
minimal environmental impact on the local ecosystem.
Renewable sources of energy are playing a major role in the current global energy situation. The
public attention is focused on these renewable technologies as environmentally sustainable and
convenient alternatives. As a renewable resource, small hydro is gaining more and more
attention due to its various advantages.
In this dissertation, an attempt was made to analytically study an isolated Small Hydropower
system for its performance improvement. Small scale hydro is in most cases “run of river”,
with no dam or water storage, and is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally benign
energy technologies to be considered for rural electrification in developing countries.
Mathematical modeling of the hydroelectric components such as penstock, turbine and governor
and exciter system has been constituted. Entire simulation of the small hydro-electric plant has
been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to study its performance under normal conditions.
Using the simulated model enhancement through a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)
controller will be done.

ix