Versión: 01

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA

REGIONAL TOLIMA
CENTRO DE COMERCIO Y SERVICIOS Fecha: 06/04/2021

COMPETENCIA

PROGRAMA DE FORMACION: _____________________________________________

CODIGO FICHA: ___________________
COMPETENCIA:
NOMBRE Y APELLIDOS: __________________________________________________
IDENTIFICACION_________________________________________________________
FECHA: ________________

WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?

Traditional View of Management

There are a variety of views about the term "management". Traditionally, the term "management"
(sometimes referred to as "organizational management" or "business management") refers to the
activities involved in the four general functions listed below.

1) Planning, including identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources needed to carry out
methods, responsibilities, and dates for completion of tasks. Examples of planning are strategic
planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions
planning.

2) Organizing resources to achieve the goals in an optimum fashion. Examples are organizing new
departments, human resources, office and file systems and re-organizing businesses.

3) Leading, including to set direction for the organization, groups and individuals and influence
people to follow that direction. Examples are establishing strategic direction (vision, values, mission
and / or goals) and championing methods of organizational performance management to pursue
that direction.

4) Controlling, or coordinating, including the organization's systems, processes, and structures to

reach effectively and efficiently reach goals and objectives. This includes ongoing collection of
feedback, and monitoring and adjustment of systems, processes, and structures accordingly.
Examples include use of financial controls, policies and procedures, performance management
processes and measures to avoid risks.

Common Terms, Levels and Roles in Management

It helps to be acquainted with this information about management because, even among
experienced managers, there are different interpretations. What is most important is that you come
up with your own interpretations and be able to explain them to others with whom you work. See

Different Views of Management

Another view is that "management" is getting things done through others. Yet another view, quite
apart from the traditional view, asserts that the job of management is to support employee's efforts
to be fully productive members of the organizations and citizens of the community.
 Versión: 01
SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA
REGIONAL TOLIMA
CENTRO DE COMERCIO Y SERVICIOS Fecha: 06/04/2021

COMPETENCIA

To most employees, the term "management" probably means the group of people (executives and
other managers) who are primarily responsible for making decisions in the organization. In a
nonprofit, the term "management" might refer to all or any of the activities of the Board of Directors,
executive director and/or program directors.

Some writers, teachers and practitioners assert that the above view is rather outmoded, and that
management needs to focus more on leadership skills, e.g., establishing vision and goals,
communicating the vision and goals, and guiding others to accomplish them. They also assert that
leadership must be more facilitative, participative, and empowering in how visions and goals are
established and carried out. Some people assert that this really isn't a change in the management
functions, rather it's re-emphasizing certain aspects of management.

Historical Theories

It also helps you to be acquainted with historical theories, especially to appreciate the rather recent
changes (which are quite different than traditional approaches) so you might adjust your own
management styles accordingly.

Scientific Management Theory

(1890-1940)

At the turn of the century, the most notable organizations were large and industrialized. Often they
included ongoing, routine tasks that manufactured a variety of products. Back then, the United
States prized scientific and technical matters, including careful measurement and specification of
activities and results. Management tended to be the same. Frederick Taylor developed the
"scientific management theory” which espoused this careful specification and measurement of all
organizational tasks. Tasks were standardized as much as possible. Workers were rewarded and
punished. This approach appeared to work well for organizations with assembly lines and other
mechanistic, routinized activities.

Bureaucratic Management Theory

(1930-1950)

Max Weber embellished the scientific management theory with his bureaucratic theory. Weber
focused on dividing organizations into hierarchies, establishing strong lines of authority and control.
He suggested organizations develop comprehensive and detailed standard operating procedures
for all routinized tasks.

Human Relations Movement

(1930-today)

Eventually, unions and government regulations reacted to the rather dehumanizing effects of the
current theories. More attention was given to individuals and their unique capabilities in the
organization. A major belief included that the organization would prosper if its workers prospered as
 Versión: 01
SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA
REGIONAL TOLIMA
CENTRO DE COMERCIO Y SERVICIOS Fecha: 06/04/2021

COMPETENCIA

well. Human Resource departments were added to organizations. The behavioral sciences played a
strong role in helping to understand the needs of workers and how the needs of the organization
and its workers could be better aligned. Various new theories were spawned, many based on the
behavioral sciences (some with names like theory “X”, “Y” and “Z”).

From: https://managementhelp.org/management/index.htm

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