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Parts of Speech and General Grammar Rules: English Quizzes Solution Sets
Parts of Speech and General Grammar Rules: English Quizzes Solution Sets
1. b We are looking for pronoun that will function as an object of the preposition to
in the prepositional phrase To the preoccupied Rose and ____________. Therefore, we
must choose the pronoun in the Objective Case. Among the choices, only me is in the
objective case.
2. b The proper pronoun to use is its, which is singular, because crowd is a collective
noun and is singular in this case. Its is also in the third person, which is the person of the
noun crowd, which its replaces.
3. d We must fill the blank with a pronoun in the Nominative Case because it would
be the Subject of the verb phrase must learn. Among They and We, which are both in the
nominative case, we choose We because of the possessive pronoun our near the end of the
sentence, which indicates that the speaker or speakers belong to the group Filipinos.
4. d Choose letter d because both blanks are Objects of the preposition to. We know
that when a pronoun is the object of the preposition, it must be in the Objective Case.
5. b Generally, nouns ending in f are pluralized by removing the f and adding -ves
instead. So elf and shelf become elves and shelves, respectively. However, dwarf is an
exception. It becomes plural by the addition of s.
6. b In the first blank, we are looking for a pronoun that would replace each of the
alumnae. The rule for proper pronoun use says that a pronoun must agree with its
antecedent in person, number and gender. Each of the alumnae is singular, feminine, and
is in the third person. So among the choices, only her fits the first blank. In the second
blank, we are looking for a verb that would agree with the subject scissors. Scissors is a
special noun that is always plural. Therefore, the verb following must be plural as well.
Among choices a and b, both of which have her for the first word, only b has the plural
verb were.
7. a Since John and Susie jointly own the yacht, the rule for joint possession applies.
To indicate joint possession by John and Susie of the yacht, add an apostrophe s (’s) to
the last name.
8. a The presence of the word among indicates that the subject she is being compared
to many. Thus, the superlative degree of comparison must be used.
9. c All the blanks need a preposition of time. In is the answer to the first blank
because its object is a month; at is the answer to the second blank because its object is an
exact and specific time of the day; and on is the answer to the third blank because its
object is the specific date or day.
10. a For specific addresses (#312 Mahabagin Street), we use the preposition at. For
land-areas (Quezon City), we use the preposition in.
11. b To indicate a difference of opinion or belief with another person, you use the
phrasal verb differ with. To indicate the difference of one thing from another (difference
of one’s thoughts to another’s), use differ from.
12. a The subject is the plural members. Therefore, use a plural verb. Between cut,
which is in the present tense, and have cut which is in the present perfect tense, choose
cut because the word always in the sentence indicates that the action keeps on occurring.
The sentence is therefore a general statement of fact.
13. c Tag questions require the verb used in the main statement, plus the pronoun that
refers to the subject of the same main statement.
14. a Indices here is used as a word in itself, and should thus be singular. it must also
be in the present tense because it is a general statement.
15. c Money is always considered as a singular subject. Whereas the second person
you is always considered to be plural.
16. d Procter and Gamble is the name of one company, and is therefore a singular
subject. One, which is also singular, is the subject of the second sentence.
17. d Since the satin remained, much or many cannot be used. Little is the answer
because bleach, which the missing adjective modifies, is a non-countable (cannot be
counted) noun.
18. d The whole sentence is expressing the sentiment “aside from… but also.” Thus,
the answer is the correlative conjunction not only… but also.
19. a Grammatically speaking, only letter a fits the blank. It’s is an abbreviation for It
is, which is inappropriate for the blank. It has and It was are also incorrect.
20. c The context is not clear on whether the aquarium contains different types of fish
(whence you use fishes) or just one type (whence you use fish). Thus, any of the two will
do.
21. a We need the noun advice rather than the verb advise. Advisory is inappropriate
for the context, as it means some kind of periodic report or warning. One may argue for
advising which may be a gerund, and thus a noun form. But since a better word (advice)
is among the choices, one must not choose the inferior advising.
22. c Further is used for explaining more or elaborating on a subject matter. Farther
is for going forward (pertaining to distance). We do not use the superlative because
there’s no comparison among many things.
23. a Use the adjective good instead of the adverb well when it comes after a linking
verb that pertains to sense. Using well would make the sentence mean you have a
well-honed sense of smell, not the compliment to you that it was supposed to be.
24. a Use the adjective bad instead of the adverb badly after a linking verb that
pertains to sense. Using badly would mean there’s something wrong with the speaker’s
sense of feelings, not what it was meant to be, which is that the speaker was saddened by
the circumstances.
25. c Alternative may be a noun or an adjective. As an adjective, it means different
which is what we need for the blank.
26. c We use besides, which means aside from.
27. a We use the plural verb here because of the word dishes at the end of the
sentence. This tells us that macaroni and cheese are considered as two separate dishes by
the speaker.
28. b We use the singular form of the verb because in fractional expressions, we
follow the object of the preposition of, in number. Here, the object of the preposition of
in the prepositional phrase that follows the fractional expression, is the collective noun
class. Collective nouns are generally considered singular. We do not use be which is in
the subjunctive mood because the statement is in the indicative mood (just stating a fact).
29. a Use be which is in the subjunctive mood because the dependent clause that a
ruler____ good is stating a requirement or condition. we know that for such cases, we
must use the subjunctive mood.
30. a Use were, which is in the subjunctive mood. The dependent clause If I ____ a
horse is expressing a wish. Thus it ought to be in the subjunctive mood.
31. c Use the past perfect tense had studied because in this statement, the studying is a
precursor to passing the UPCAT. Therefore, two actions (as the sentence indicates that
the chance for both have already passed) would have occurred in succession (had they
occurred). Use the past perfect for the earlier action.
32. b In such sentences, use There are if the subjective complement is plural. In this
case, the complement of there is mountains, which is plural. We do not use the past tense
because this is a general statement.
33. a Use the future perfect tense will have finished because the finishing will occur
before a definite time in the future.
34. c We need the intransitive (that which does not need an object) verb and in the
past tense (because of last month). Thus the answer is lay, which is the past tense of the
verb lie.
35. a We need the transitive verb (since the missing verb has an object issue) and we
need it is the past or past perfect tense. The transitive verb is lay and its past tense is laid.
Thus, the answer is laid.
36. c We need the intransitive rise up because the missing verb needs no object.
37. d Incorrect pronoun case. Replace him with the nominative he because this
underlined pronoun is being compared to the nominative I.
38. a This underlined word is the subject of the sentence. therefore, this form of the
who must be in the nominative case. Replace it with Whosoever.
39. c Incorrect pronoun case. This pronoun is being compared to the negated
indefinite pronoun No one, which is in the nominative case. Therefore, this underlined
pronoun must also be in the nominative case. Replace than her with than she.
40. d Letter d is a case of misplaced modifier. As it is, the sentence means that the
bonus will arrive during the meeting yesterday. This is plainly illogical.
41. b Unique is one of the adjectives that do not take to comparison. One is either
unique or not unique. There’s no more unique or most unique.
42. b This is one expression where the adjective always comes after the noun it
modifies. Replace apparent heir to heir apparent.
43. a Wrong use of idiomatic preposition. Since the speaker is angry with a person,
the preposition with must be used instead of at. The latter is used only if the object of
anger is a thing, and not a person.
44. d Wrong use of idiomatic preposition. Since the argument is between groups of
people, the preposition with should be used instead of about.
45. e
46. a Incomplete idiomatic expression. Looking forward goes with the preposition to,
which is missing here.
47. c Wrong verb tense. The adverb of time today indicates that the verb should be in
the present tense. Replace were with are.
48. b Use the past perfect tense because the past action of giving up occurred before
the other past action of coming back.
49. a The second person pronoun You is quite unnecessary in this imperative sentence.
Remove it.
50. e
51. b The subject of the sentence may be compound but one of the subjects is
affirmative or positive (The committee members) while the other is negative (not the
chair). In such positive and negative conjugations, the verb follows the positive subject
in number. The committee members is plural. Therefore, we must change has agreed
with have agreed.
52. e
53. c Letter c has the right progression of verb tenses. For the earlier past action, the
past perfect was used (had walked). For the later past action, the simple past tense is
used (gave out). The limiting adverb only is also correctly placed before fifteen miles.
54. a This sentence follows the general order of adverbial phrases that are of different
kinds. First comes the adverb of manner (enthusiastically), then the adverb of place (to
the park), then the adverb of frequency (every morning), then the adverb of time (before
breakfast), and finally the adverb of purpose (to exercise his heart).
55. b This sentence follows the prescribed order for adverbial phrases of different kind
and of same kind. The adverb of place comes before the adverb of time. And between
the adverbs of place, the more specific (to Italy) comes before the more general adverb of
place (in Europe). Then comes the more specific adverb of time (in June) followed by
the more general adverb f the same kind (next year).
SYNTAX AND MECHANICS
1. b The comma belongs inside quotation marks, even the comma that is separating a direct
quotation from a narration.
2. c Parenthetical expressions like this one—“ as well as my father”—are usually preceded
and concluded by a comma.
3. d Use a comma in a series. Even if the conjunction and separates the last element from the
rest, parallelism requires that a comma still precede it. Note though that it is acceptable for the
comma to be omitted. However, the best answer is still the one with a comma.
4. b To separate two independent clauses that are not joined by a coordinating conjunction
like and, but, yet, and so on, us the semi-colon instead of the comma to avoid a run-together
sentence or a comma splice.
5. d However (or therefore, thus, moreover, nevertheless, etc.) is not a very strong connective.
Thus when it joins two clauses, we must use a semi-colon before it, and a comma after it.
6. d When namely introduces an enumeration, use a semi-colon before it and a comma after it.
7. b Use a comma before not to be clear on which this adverb of negation is modifying.
8. a Use a comma after Ever since so as to avoid making the sentence into a fragment.
9. a A colon is appropriate because following the direct quotation is a comment on the
quotation. The colon comes after the close quotation mark, because the rules of mechanics say
that a colon belongs outside quotation marks.
10. a To show possession, add ’s to the end of a noun, may it be simple or compound.
11. b Lord should be followed by an exclamation mark, seeing as it is followed by an
interjection.
12. b The word and is used in itself (that is, and is used as a word and not a connective). To
make it plural, it is appropriate to add an apostrophe before s.
13. d Use the colon instead of the semi-colon because an enumeration follows.
14. a This is a dangling prepositional phrase. It is dangling because the prepositional phrase In
exam-taking has nothing to modify in the sentence.
15. b This is an indirect quotation and should not therefore be enclosed in quotation marks.
16. a This is the title of a book. Thus, the significant words must all begin in capital letters.
The small caps prince should be changed to Prince.
17. e
18. a At the beginning of sentences, numerical expressions should be spelled out. Change
P250 to Two hundred fifty pesos.
19. c The pronoun he has an ambiguous reference, as it may refer to either father or Jim.
20. c Use a comma to separate the appositive clause that I can give you all my best to the word
it modifies thing.
21. d A comma should come after rapidly because it prevents this adverb from becoming a
squinting modifier; that is a modifier that may either modify running or throbbed (running rapidly,
or rapidly throbbed).
22. a This is the sentence that has the most parallel structure—Subject-Verb-Noun Clause. The
first clause has philosophers for a subject, and the second clause has Plato, another philosopher, as
its subject. The use of the verb believed in both clauses makes the sentence consistent in content.
The right punctuation (the comma) was also used before the subordinating conjunction while.
This is in accordance with rules of mechanics. The modifier only is properly located immediately
before the preposition through, which only modifies.
23. d All the other sentences are fragments There is no verb after the word debris.
24. c Letters b and d are fragment infinitive phrases. Letter a has an inappropriate punctuation,
the colon. Letter c is properly punctuated and is not a fragment.
25. c Letters a and b unnecessarily repeats right hand. Letter d incorrectly capitalizes Right.
Letter c is within the bounds of correct sentence construction.
26. d Letter a unnecessarily shifts from the third person to the second person when it replaced
the third person academic spirit with the second person your. Letter b incorrectly capitalizes
Academic. Letter c unnecessarily shifts from the second person your to the third person academic
spirit.
27. a Letter b has a dangling participial phrase and an unclear reference in Calling out to
anybody who would listen, seeking out her lost sons. Letter c incorrectky uses a semi-colon
instead of a comma. Letter c uses the pronoun She without naming its antecedent first. Letter a
has none of these outlined problems.
28. c Letters a and b have inappropriately placed modifiers For getting the first prize… which
seems to modify the school. Letter d has an unnecessary shift in subject from Gregory to Most
Outstanding Student Award. Letter c clearly indicates that Gregory got the first prize and thus was
given an award by the school for this accomplishment.
29. b Letter a contains a dangling infinitive phrase To get what is dreamed of because it doesn’t
modify anything in the sentence. It cannot logically modify avenues. Letter c incorrectly uses the
comma to separate the independent clause you must fight all fights from the rest of the sentence.
Letter d unnecessarily shifts from the third person one to the second person you. Letter b, on the
other hand does not contain a dangling modifier, does not shift in person, and is rightly
punctuated.
30. c Letters a and b have misplaced elliptical clauses When a young girl which seems to
modify Grandfather. Letter d uses she which has an ambiguous reference as it may refer to either
the girl or her grandmother. Letter c has no ambiguity and does away with the elliptical clause.
31. b Letter a has an illogical coordination as it uses and and makes the rest another
independent clause, thereby weakening the whole sentence. It could have been simply The
Institute for the Blind stood in the plaza grounds through the efforts of the city officers. Letter c is
lacking a comma after officers to mark the end of the parenthetical expression. Letter d
incorrectly capitalizes Plaza. Letter b correctly subjugates the prepositional phrase Through the
efforts of the city officers to the rest of the sentence, and uses proper punctuations besides.
32. c :Letter a uses pronoun it which is ambiguous in reference as it may refer to either DepEd
or ABCD school. Letter b is an illogical sentence because it lacks the word respectively and thus
does not properly allocate who had no business registration and who had no license to teach.
Letter d is unnecessarily wordy and therefore weak. Letter c is the best sentence as it has no
ambiguity and unnecessary wordiness.
33. c Letter a improperly uses a comma instead of a semi-colon before however which
connects two clauses. Letter b places only before the prepositional phrase at my face, thus
making only incorrectly modify this aforementioned phrase. You may very well ask the question:
Where else does the speaker want his forgiveness thrown back? Letter d incorrectly places all my
pride between the phrasal verb gave up, and misplaces only, too. Letter c has none of the
abovementioned problems. It notably places only in an acceptable place.
34. a The sentence clearly expresses an enumeration of the automobiles. In such cases, one
might very well use the dash. Letter c makes it seem as if there was a truck, a sedan an SUV, and
another three automobiles. Letter d misplaced the enumeration and used the wrong punctuation.
35. d These sentences have monster constructions which ought to be separated by semi-colons.
The non-use of these semi-colons in the other sentences make them confusing and open to
misunderstanding.
36. a Letter a has a parallel construction, has the proper use of punctuations, and correct
sentence order and construction.
37. a Letter a does not misplace the modifying clause which I had brought from the library and
thus, this clause clearly modifies the book. This cannot be said for letters b and c. Letter d, on the
other hand uses an awkward word order by placing the adverbial phrase from the library between
the phrasal verb brought back and its object a precious book. Letter d also lacks the relative
pronoun that between book and I.
38. a This is the sentence which correctly places the modifying clause which had been
uninhabited for years after the word it modifies cabin, and which has an elegant sentence
construction by following the natural order of sentences: Subject-Verb-Complement. Letter b has
an awkward sentence construction, as it uses an ineffective transposed order. It also uses the
preposition on instead of the correct preposition in. Letter c misplaces the modifying clause as
this clause comes after cliff. Letter d is missing a comma after years.
39. b This sentence is consistent in the use of the imperative mood all over the sentence. Letter
a unnecessarily shifts from the imperative to the advising tone. Letter c shifts from the advising to
the imperative tone. Letter d is an example of primer sentences. It divides a perfectably
acceptable single construction into two very “elementary” sentences.
40. c Letter c is clearly and effectively constructed, as well as being a parallel construction
when and joined similar constructions (infinitive phrases). Letter a is an unclear construction,
carelessly using the pronoun them which in the same clause refers first to nurses and then to
patients. Letter b lacks a comma after patients. Letter d suffers from weakness due to an
awkward construction.
41. b Letter a shifts from one subject to another, from answer to child. Letter c is an awkward
construction by unnecessarily using It as the subject when the appositive the answer to your
question would do as well. Letter d has a misplaced modifier when it places being obvious after
question. It seems here that the question, not the answer, is obvious. Letter b does not shift in
subject, and is clear and effective in construction, too.
42. b Letter a is confused in tenses, using the present and the past tense simultaneously without
any clear cause and effect or progression from the past to the present. Letter c’s first sentence has
no subject and is thus a fragment. Letter d is another fragment. Only letter b is consistent in
tense, and contains no fragment elements.
43. b Letter a is an incomplete construction. After has should have been the past participle
form of the verb to be been because the present or base form be in the compound verb has and
always will be will not do. Letter b, however, is correctly constructed because the verbs is and will
be are both complete in themselves. Letter c lacks the preposition to which must have come
before Anyone. Letter d has no sentence construction problems but has wrong capitalization. It
capitalizes the first letter of a common noun education.
44. d Letter a uses an incorrect punctuation, the semi-colon when no punctuation or a comma
would have been more proper. Letter b is an incomplete construction, as it lacks the preposition of
after disapproved. This sentence is actually saying disapproved with me, which is an error in
idiomatic prepositions. Letter c uses the present form disapproves when the past participle form
disapproved would have been more appropriate. Letter d uses all the correct verb forms,
punctuations, and prepositions.
45. b Letter a is an incomplete comparison because it omitted as in the comparative
construction as…as. Another as should have been placed after stubborn to make this sentence
correct. Letter c uses the comparative more stubborn, instead of the correct superlative most
stubborn. Letter d is missing a comma after the second as. Letter b, as you can see, is a complete
comparison with both as present. It also has a comma after the second as. Furthermore, it uses
the superlative most stubborn.
46. a Only this sentence logically compares the speaker’s pride with the pride (replaced by the
pronoun that) of those who sail manufactured boats. The rest of the sentences illogically
compares the speaker’s pride with those who sail manufactured boats. These sentences use
illogical comparison because they compare an abstract idea (pride) to people (represented by the
pronoun those).
47. b Letter a is a mixed construction because it uses a modifying phrase With large numbers in
a class as a subject. Letter c places the modifying clause in a very weak position, at the end of the
sentence. Letter d makes large numbers in class a party to the discussion that the teachers and
students are supposed to be having. Letter b correctly makes the phrase With large numbers in a
class function as the modifying phrase it is, placing it at the beginning of the sentence, to be
immediately followed by it which it modifies.
48. d Letter d is the only sentence that does not weaken itself with an excess of trailing
subordinate constructions, thereby retaining its clarity and effectiveness.
49. a This sentence is composed of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating
conjunction but, which is correctly preceded by a comma. The number of years One hundred fifty
is also properly spelled out since it comes at the beginning of the sentence. Letter b contains a
mechanical error because it begins the sentence with a numerical expression. Letter c uses a
singular verb is when the subject is plural A twinkle to a star and three lifetimes. Letter d lacks a
comma before but.
50. b Letters a and c are mixed constructions. Letter a uses The reason… because construction
which is an unacceptable construction. The presence of The reason necessitated that a substantive
(a noun or a noun form) fulfill it, not because. Letter a may have been modified to be The reason
the population is increasing very rapidly is the fact that people are no longer dying like flies, not
the supposition that they are reproducing like rabbits. Letter c uses another unacceptable
construction Because… that’s why. Because makes the clause it belongs to a subordinate one. But
in this construction, this subordinate or dependent clause Because people are no longer dying like
flies, not because they reproduce like rabbits actually has no principal or independent clause to
depend upon. It is a redundant construction since That’s why the population is increasing very
rapidly does not need the aforementioned clause. This sentence may be restated to say The
population is increasing very rapidly because people are no longer dying like flies, not because
they reproduce like rabbits. Letter d is actually grammatically okay. Compared to letter b,
however, the latter comes out the better construction.
1. b Idyllic is the answer since the whole passage describes a restful, peaceful, and countrified
scene.
2. d From the passage, the old newspaper soared above the rooftops. Only a particularly
strong gust of wind could have lifted it as high as that.
3. b This main idea can be found at the topic sentence, which is the last sentence of the
passage.
4. b The first paragraph is a specific illustration of the passage. The illustration came first
before the generalization.
5. a Self-explanatory.
6. b The actual comparison is between Preparation for fighting a war and preparation for
taking a cruise in a small boat. Therefore, remove preparation for and we see that fighting a war
is compared to taking a cruise or sailing a small boat, letter b.
7. c The fifth sentence of the passage is the answer to the question.
8. d The first sentence is the clue to this question.
9. d We know that as summer ends and winter approaches, the nights lengthen and the days
shorten. The lengthening nights therefore symbolize a transition in seasons, and thus, the passing
of time.
10. a From the sixth sentence onwards, the whole passage becomes a recurring admonition to
move. Thus this implies that the author is advising decisiveness.
11. b In the second life, his replaces and refers to love found in the first line.
12. b The poem tells the reader to follow and yield. This means that the reader may choose to
follow or yield or concede. One is therefore not helpless (as letter a supposes). Letter c won’t do
as well. Yielding and following intimate surrender, not a fight. The fact that the reader will suffer
(letter d) might be true, but that is not at all the point of the author.
13. d Look at the fourth sentence for the answer.
14. c Inference, remember, is resolving something using the details provided in the passage.
The fact that people are moving in large numbers to developed countries is not actually a response
to liberalized policies in these countries. The liberalized policies only took away the stopper that
inhibited the movement of people from developing to developed countries. People, of course,
would like to move to the developed countries because of the higher wages.
15. b Look at the first sentence for the answer.
16. b Self-explanatory. The whole passage is about the problem brain-drain.
17. a Region IV indeed has the largest population among all the regions.
18. c There’s no population data differentiated for gender so the reader has no basis for saying
if this statement is true or not.
19. b This statement is false. If we arrange the regions according to population size, we’ll find
out that Regions VIII and I actually have median, and not extreme, population.
20. c As there’s no data for the population of children, there’s really no basis for saying
whether this statement is true or not.
21. c As this is data for the year 2000 only, we cannot say whether the population of the
Philippines has increased through time.
22. b The difference between the population of Southern Tagalog and the population of
National Capital Region is 1,861,000. The difference between the population of Central Luzon
and National Capital region is 1,891,615. Obviously, the latter is greater. This makes the
statement false.
23. c The tongue and pen stand for saying aloud and writing down, respectively, both of which
are ways of expressing feelings. The feeling in It might have been is regret and longing for what
did not come about. The figurative expression is therefore saying, the saddest feeling that can be
expresses is the longing for lost opportunities.
24. d The misunderstanding does not come because of the greatness. Nor does being
misunderstood the mark of being great. What the statement wants to say is that few people can
understand the sentiments of great persons. Most people misunderstand the great person.
25. c By we cannot insure our own prosperity except by insuring that of everyone else, the
figurative expression is saying that in order to personally succeed, he must help other people
succeed, too. This is another way of saying that a person must have concern for other people. The
line Mankind has become so much one family simply means that men are interdependent.
26. b Of course man owns his body. The product of his hands can only refer to the result of his
labors. Man’s property then is determined by his labors.
27. c The examination is used in lieu of what was actually meant, reflection. When a life is not
worth living, it must lack meaning. Thus, if the unexamined life is not worth living, Socrates is
cautioning us that Reflection is the key to a truly meaningful life.
28. d We mean here that man’s personality affects and influences what he knows and learns.
That’s letter d.
29. d A man is the center of his own universe means that man is self-centered and self-focused.
There are as many universes as there are men means that all people think of himself first before
thinking of others.
30. d If love increases with convenience and decreases with inconvenience, then the factor that
determines the love a person feels is convenience.
31. b This statement is obviously the opening sentence. It is supported by the rest of the
sentences which outline the confession.
32. a The presence of Aside from which makes this sentence the natural successor to sentence
letter d. It adds to the confession made in sentence d.
33. d After cleaning the area to be painted (c) and before applying the first coating of paint (b),
one should prime the brush and dip it into pre-treated paint.
34. a This is the sentence that naturally follows the third sentence (b). The recurrence of the
word coating rounds it off nicely.
35. c C is the first sentence. A is next because of eyes, repeated from the first sentence. The
use of they and those rounds the transition to sentence d. They and those both refer to eyes which
have been roaming inside the room. Sentence d comes after. The word mirror reinforces the
connection to sentence d.
36. c The rest of the sentences are an academic discussion of birth. Sentence c is a personal
comment.
37. a The rest of the sentences had a recurring theme: feeling of belonging. Letter a is quite
far removed from this themes and talks about the opening of a play.
38. d The rest of the sentences discuss what are necessary if one is to pass a college entrance
exam. Letter d is irrelevant to the topic as it discusses review centers that offer UPCAT review
services.
39. d This sentence is about opportunities. The rest of the sentences are about regrets.
40. c This group of sentences may take two directions: the father’s happiness over the
speaker’s graduation, or what exactly happened at the graduation rites. Since the first direction is
supported by a, b, and d, while the latter direction is supported only by letters a and c, we take the
first direction. We throw over sentence c and declare it irrelevant to the direction we have taken.