Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NIJE 4
GJMJOSJQBHO GJ\JEHSHO QB
PNIBSJGOBG GJ\JEHSHO CJOPH\HQ
DZQZ\HO GJPJQH[HSHO
1018
H. PJOKJQSBHO
Khstrbtbs mjruphgho shihe shtu pjoyhgbt yhok phibok ahoyhg cbdumphb cb gibobg
pjoyhgbt chihm cho gjebcupho sjehrb-ehrb. Khstrbtbs hchihe prnsjs bofihmhsb phch
mugnsh cho suamugnsh ihmauok hthu khokkuho gjsjehtho yhok cbsjahagho nije
fhgtnr brbthsb cho bofjgsb. \jlhrh ebstnphtninkb chpht cbaugtbgho cjokho hchoyh
bofbitrhsb sji-sji rhchok phch chjrhe tjrsjaut (Ebriho, 1002). Khstrbtbs hthu ijabe
cbgjohi sjahkhb mhke ajrhshi chrb ahehsh yuohob yhbtu khstrn, yhok ajrhrtb
pjrut/ihmauok cho btbs yhok ajrhrtb bofihmhsb/pjrhchokho. Khstrbtbs hchihe suhtu
gjhchho pjrhchokho hthu pjrhchokho mugnsh ihmauok yhok ajrsbfht hgut, grnobs,
cbfus cho inghi. Hch cuh djobs khstrbtbs yhok tjrdhcb yhbtu khstrbtbs hgut cho grnobg
(Prblj cho [bisno, 100:). Bofihmhsb bob mjokhgbahtgho sji chrhe putbe mjoudu gj
cbocbok ihmauok sjahkhb rjspno tjrdhcboyh gjihboho phch ahkbho tjrsjaut
1. Khstrbtbsgrnobg
Ahkb sjahkbho nrhok khstrbtbs grnobs tbchg mjoyjahagho kjdhih hphpuo
(Dhlgsno, 1006). Ehoyh sjahkbho gjlbi mjokjiue oyjrb uiu ehtb,
honrjgsbh, ohusjh cho phch pjmjrbgshho fbsbg tbchg cbdumphb gjihboho.
Khstrbtbs grnobs yhok ajrgjmahok sjlhrh ajrthehp abhshoyh
mjobmauigho kjdhih sjpjrtb shgbt
shgbt yhok tumpui hthu rbokho phch pjrut
ahkbho hths cho tjrhsh pjoue hthu gjebihokho sjijrh sjtjihe mhgho
ajajrhph kbkbtho.
zht-zht gnrnsbf
Ebpjrjmbs
Oyjrb hgut
Hgtbvbths ihmauok mjobokght
htrnfb khstjr/mugnsh mjobpbs
fhltnr botrbosbg
phch khokkuho sji lebjf cho sji phrbjthi, sji phrbjthi bob ajrfuoksb uotug
mjosjgrjsbgho fhgtnr botrbosbg, hgho tjthpb ghrjoh hchoyh hotbancy mhgh fhgtnr
botrbosbg tbchg mhmpu uotug mjoyjrhp vbthmbo A81 chihm mhghoho, cho hgho
tjrdhcb hojmbh pjroblbnsh (Enran,10004 2 7 \mjitzjr, 1008 4 806< “ 8066).
8066).
H. Bcjotbths Gibjo4
Ohmh, Zsbh, Djobs gjihmbo, \thtus Pjrghwboho, Hkhmh, \ugu Ahoksh,
Ahehsh Rhok Cbkuohgho, Hihmht, Pjgjrdhho cho Pjocbcbgho
L. Qbwhyht Gjpjrhwhtho4
8) Qbwhyht Gjsjehtho \jghrhok4
h. gjiueho uthmh
a. grnoninkbs gjiueho
1) Qbwhyht Gjsjehtho Mhsh Ihiu4
h. rbwhyht pjoyhgbt sjajiumoyh
a. rbwhyht hijrkb
<) Qbwhyht Pjmhghbho Naht.
3) Qbwhyht Gjsjehtho Gjiuhrkh
:) Qbwhyht Psbgnsnsbhi Cho \prbtuhi
6) Pjrsjpsb Gibjo Sjrehchp Pjoyhgbtoyh
C. Pjokghdbho Fbsbg
h) Pjmjrbgshho fbsbg umum4 AA,SA, Gjhchho umum
a) \bstjm pjokibehtho
l) \bstjm pjocjokhrho
c) \bstjm wblhrh
j) \bstjm pjrohfhsho
f) \bstjm ghrcbnvhsguijr
k) \bstjm ejmhtninkb
e) \bstjm syhrhf pusht
b) \bstjm pjoljrohho
d) \bstjm jocngtrbo
g) \bstjm urnkjobthi
i) \bstjm botjkumjot
m) \bstjm
\bstjm musluinsgjijthi
F. Qjolhoh Gjpjrhwhtho
8. Mjmajrbgho GBJ mjokjohb 4
- Hodurgho mjmahwh ghotnok pihstbg uotug mjohmpuok muothe
- Hodurgho mjmpjrahoyhg bstbrheht
\t <6 ( zu sho ib ) tjrijthg cb < luo cb ahwhe tuihok iutut, sbsb iuhr ntnt tbabhibs
hotjrbnr. uotug mjoyjmauegho ebpjrtjosb cho pusbok.
\S <;, 6 luo cbahwhe phtjiih, ihtjrhi 8 dhrb chrb puolhg ns tbabh. Phch ntnt
tbabhibs hotjrbnr. Mjokusbr phohs cho ijmaha, mjokhtur hgtbvbth fuoksb
ihmauok cho usus.
QJFJQJO\B
Mhosdnjr, cgg. 1000. Ghpbth \jijgth Gjcngtjrho Jcbsb BBB. Dhghrth 4 Mjcbh
Hjsluihpbus
Prblj, H \yivbh. 1006. Phtnfbsbninkb Gnosjp Gibobs Prnsjs Prnsjs Pjoyhgbt. Dhghrth
4 JKL
Nije4
NIJE 4
P0;8100820<8
SBOKGHS 1.8
CBBB GJPJQH[HSHO
GJMJOSJQBHO GJ\JEHSHO QB
PNIBSJGOBG GJ\JEHSHO CJOPH\HQ
DZQZ\HO GJPJQH[HSHO
SHEZO 1018
KH\SQBSB\ HGZS
Pjthob
H\ZEHO GJPJQH[HSHO SKI IHEBQ412 Cjsjmajr 82:2 ZMZQ 4 61te AHEH\H \JEHQB-EHQB4
DG4 Prbh [hobth
GNMPIJMJOSJQ Ahehsh Ahib
H
O
Stc...........................
\ZEZ 4 <6 L
Gibjo mjokhthgho
Phsbjo mjokhthgho sjcbgbt tbchg mjokhihmb Gibjo mjokhthgho mjrhsh bokbo
sjshg pjobokghtho tjghoho muothe cho sjghrhok mhsbe
OHCB 4 50 U/mt mjrhsh muhi.
chrhe
AA4 :0gk
SA4 8:0lm
Gibjo mjokhthgho,
Gibjo mjokhthgho tbchg Gibjo mjokhthgho ahewh gibjo
abhshoyh mhgho <x
Phsbjo mjokhthgho AHG mjmpuoyhb gjihboho chihm suibt tbcur ghrjoh grhm phch pjrut
sjehrb pnrsb abhsh,
gurhok ijabe 3-:x sjehrb gjsjehtho rjprncugsb
ohmuo sjghrhok
phsbjo mjokhthgho
mhgho 1x sjehrb
sjtjokhe pnrsb cho
sjtbhp mhgho mjrhsh
muhi cho mjokhthgho
bokbo muothe
Sbokght gjljmhsho 4
FHSNINKB\ 4
H
E BOSJ 8. Khokkuho botjkrbths guibt
& & <. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho (oyjrb) \ 4Phsbjo mjokhthgo ahewh muhi muotheoyh suche
sjcbgbt ajrgurhok, cho mjrhsh ijabe rbijgs
CJOKHQ 3. Qbsbgn dhtue / trhumh
HO
S :. Qbsbgn bofjgsb
D OJZ 8. Qbsbgn / Pjobokghtho tjghoho botrh lrhobhi N4 Phsbjo thmphg ijabe rbijgs chrb sjajiumoyh. Shoch
“ thoch vbthi phsbjo 4
Z QNIN 1. Khokkuho rhsh hmho W dhtue chrb tjmpht tbcur,
ljmhs ] - \ueu 4 <6 L
H KB\ - Ohcb 4 50 U/mt
<. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho W oyjrb, muhi, muothe ] - QQ 4 85 U/mt
O - SC 4 810/;0 mmEk.
3. Eypjrtjrmb / Eypntjrmb
B
OZSQB 8. Khokkuho / Qbsbgn outrbsb gurhok / ijabe chrb P4 Ihodutgho botjrvjosb gjpjrhwhtho sjpjrtb 4
gjautueho
\B-MJSH 1. Fuoksb mjojiho tbchg hcjguht 8. Mjokhodurgho phsbjo uotug mjokgnosumsb
<. Pjruaheho pnih mhghoho rhmuho ejrahi sjpjrtb 4
ANIBG 3. Pnih pjmajrbho mhghoho ahyb thg jfjgtbf h. Hbr dhej
:. Pjruaheho mjmarho mugnsh muiut a. Hbr ijmno
6. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho (muhi, muothe) ∔ 1. Mjoyhrhogho phsbjo uotug mjokebrup mboyhg
hrnmhtjrhpb gjtbgh mjrhsh mjrhsh muhi
<. BO\BCJ EHOC\ PNBOS( BE )
HCI, PE 8. Gjtbchgmhmpuho / gjtjrahthsho hgtbfbths sjehrb- 3. Mjmajrbgho tjgobg hguprjsurj phch tbtbg
ehrb hlupnbot 4
& B\SB 1. Gurhok pjrhwhtho cbrb / Gjtbchgmhmpuho mjrhwht h. LV 81
cbrb a. IB 3
QHEHS <. Khokkuho pnih tbcur / pjmjoueho gjautueho l. IB 88
bstbrheht
CNGZMJOSH\B PQHGSBG
Nije4
NIJE 4
P0;8100820<8
SBOKGHS 1.8
CBBB GJPJQH[HSHO
GJMJOSJQBHO GJ\JEHSHO QB
PNIBSJGOBG GJ\JEHSHO CJOPH\HQ
DZQZ\HO GJPJQH[HSHO
SHEZO 1018
Pjchkhok
GNMPIJMJOSJQ SKI IHEBQ4 <0 Mjb 82;1 ZMZQ 4 32te Ahehsh Ahib
D G 4 Prbh ∔ [hobth
B Ohmh4 Oy. \
H .
O
Stc...........................
\ZEZ 4 <6,1 L Sjghoho chrhe Phsbjo mjokhthgho tbchg hch
mjobokght mhshihe pjoljrohho, phsbjo
Phsbjo thmphg ajrohfhs suche AHA shht ahru ahokuo
OHCB 4 5: U/mt cjokho onrmhi phkb, cjokho gnosbstjosb iuohg
mjmhodhok cho muche
cbgjiuhrgho
QQ 4 85 U/mt
AA4 6: gk
SA4 8:0 lm
6. \B\SJM ;. \B\SJM MZ\GZIN 5. \B\SJM 2. \B\SJM OJZQNINKB\
BOSJKZMJO \GJIJSHI PJOKIBEH
SHO &
PJOCJOK
HQHO
Phsbjo mjokhthgho
Sbchg hch gjihboho phch
tjrghchok mjrhsh Phsbjo abhshoyh ahokuo phkb “
sbstjm rjprncugsb phkb uotug mjmauht chkhokho
muhi, pjruaheho
Phsbjo mjokhthgho tbchg hch yhok hgho cbduhi ohotboyh
ohfsu mhgho. Phsbjo
mhshihe phch sbstjm
abhshoyh rhdbo
pjrgjmbehooyh, sjrth AHG Pnih tbcur phsbjo ghchok
ajrhgtbvbths cb rumhe
iholhr cjokho frjgujosb 3-; tjrkhokku, ghrjoh shgbt/oyjrb
ohmuo gjrhp mjrhsh
ghib chihm sjehrb cho gjphih yhok cbrhshgho
tjrkhokku hgbaht shgbt
ajrwhroh guobok djrobe mjokhgbahtgho phsbjo suibt tbcur
gjphih yhok
cbrhshgho, ohmuo
mhsbe chpht bh
thokhob/theho
Sbokght gjljmhsho 4
GHQ 8. Qbsg / Khokkuho pjrfusb dhrbokho ljrjarhi, 80.00 8. Mjihgugho ljg thoch-thoch vbthi
Qjohi, pjrbfjr phsbjo
CBN 1. Mjihgugho tjgobg pjmbdhtho
1. Qbsbgn / Kko vniumj lhbrho jijgtrnibt ijabe / hgurjssurj phch tbtbg-tbtbg ajrbgut4
VH\ n KA 10
gurhok n IV <
GI. n IB 88
<. Khokkuho pjmjoueho gjautueho ngsbkjo
n LV81
n \P 6
3. Botnijrhosb hgtbvbths n \S <6
n ZA:3
:. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho (oyjrb) ∔ <. Mjokhodurgho phsbjo uotug mjodhkh
pnih mhghooyh, mbshioyh mjmajrbtheu
6. Pjouruoho gjshchrho mhghoho yhok ahbg cbgnosumsb sjpjrtb
shyurho cho auhe-auheho. \jrth
mjmajrbtheu mhghoho yhok ehrus
cbebochrb ahkb pjocjrbth ebpjrtjosb,
PJQ 8. Khokkuho gjsjbmahokho lhbrho cho jijgtrnibt sjpjrtb chkbok cho khrhm ajrijabe.
M 3. Mjokhodurgho phsbjo uotug rutbo
H LJQ 1. Khokkuho pnih AHA ajrniherhkh hthu mjihgugho ihtbeho
\ fbsbg.
H OHHO <. Qbsbgn bofjgsb :. Mjokhodurgho phsbjo uotug mjihgugho
I ljg tjghoho chrhe sjlhrh rutbo
3. Gnostbphsb 6. Mjokhodurgho phsbjo mjmboum naht
H yhok mjmahotu mjouruogho tjghoho
E :. Cbhrj chrhe, dbgh pjriu.
Z
IBEHS 1. Khokkuho fuoksb pjocjokhrh
pjocjokhrhoo
D & <. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho (oyjrb) \ 4 Phsbjo mjokhthgho ahewh bh tjihe
Z
CJOKHQ 3. Qbsbgn dhtue / trhumh mjmhehmb pjodjihsho yhok cbajrbgho nije
HO pjrhwht cho hgho mjokbgutb hodurho yhok tjihe
H
:. Qbsbgn bofjgsb
O cbajrbgho
OJZ 8. Qbsbgn / Pjobokghtho tjghoho botrh lrhobhi N 4 Phsbjo thmphg rbijgs sjtjihe cbihgugho
&
QNIN 1. Khokkuho rhsh hmho W dhtue chrb tjmpht tbcur, pjmbdhtho hguprjssurj
ljmhs ]
B KB\ SC 4 8<0/50 mmEk
<. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho W oyjrb, muhi, muothe ]
O QQ 4 10x/mjobt
S 3. Eypjrtjrmb / Eypntjrmb
J O 4 ;1x/mjobt
Q
:. Qbsbgn gjrushgho ojurnmusgui
ojurnmusguijr
jr
V
J
\ 4 <6,<nL
O 6. Qbsbgn bofjgsb
\
;. Khokkuho gnnrcbohsb kjrhg
B
5. Pjouruoho gjshchrho
OZSQB ;. Khokkuho / Qbsbgn outrbsb gurhok / ijabe chrb P 4 Mjihgugho pjmbdhtho gjmahib phch tbtbg
gjautueho
\B-MJSH 5. Fuoksb mjojiho tbchg hcjguht hguprjssurj4
2. Pjruaheho pnih mhghoho
ANIBG 80. Pnih pjmajrbho mhghoho ahyb thg jfjgtbf n KA 10
n IV <
88. Pjruaheho mjmarho mugnsh muiut
n IB 88
81. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho (muhi, muothe)
n LV81
n \P 6
n \S <6
HCI, PE 3. Gjtbchgmhmpuho / gjtjrahthsho hgtbfbths sjehrb-
n ZA:3
ehrb
& B\SB :. Gurhok pjrhwhtho cbrb / Gjtbchgmhmpuho mjrhwht
cbrb
QHEHS 6. Khokkuho pnih tbcur / pjmjoueho gjautueho
bstbrheht
\B
(Mhriboh)
CNGZMJOSH\B GJKBHSHO
Nije4
NIJE 4
P0;8100820<8
SBOKGHS 1.8
CBBB GJPJQH[HSHO
GJMJOSJQBHO GJ\JEHSHO QB
PNIBSJGOBG GJ\JEHSHO CJOPH\HQ
DZQZ\HO GJPJQH[HSHO
SHEZO 1018
Pjkhwhb \whsth
H\ZEHO GJPJQH[HSHO
GNMPIJMJOSJQ SKI IHEBQ4 <8 Cjsjmajr 82:2 ZMZQ 4 61 theuo AHEH\H \JEHQB-EHQB4
D G 4 Prbh ∔ [hobth
Ahehsh Ahib
B Ohmh4 Oy. M
H Stc.
\ZEZ 4 <6,8 L Phsbjo mjokhthgho mjrhsh
suibt ajrohfhs. Px mjokhthgho tbchg Px
phkbmjokhthgho AHA 8x sjdhg
cjokho gnosbstjosb phcht
tjrdhcb khokkuho cho sjcbgbt ijmajg,ajrwhroh guobok
pjobokghtho cjoyut cho ahu gehs.
OHCB 4 58 U/mt
ohcb hthu tjghoho
chrhe.
QQ 4 82 U/mt
AA4 ;0 gk
SA4 860 lm
Surknr guibt px jihstbs, tbchg Px mjokhthgho tjrchpht rhsh Px mjokhthgho mjmbibgb rbwhyht
tjrdhcb sbhonsbs cho ajodniho khokkuho ojurninkbs.
oyjrb cbghrjohgho tjrihiu Px mhmpu mjrjspno
sjrbok ajrcbrb shht ajrduhiho. lhehyh cho suhrh.
Sbokght gjljmhsho 4
FHSNINKB\ 4
CBHKON\H GJPJQH[HSHO 4
3. Botnijrhosb hgtbvbths ∔
PJQ 8. Khokkuho gjsjbmahokho lhbrho cho jijgtrnibt phch ahkbho tuaue yhok hgho
M cbpbdht.
LJQ 1. Khokkuho pnih AHA
H
- Sjotugho cho ihgugho tjgobg pbdht
\
H OHHO <. Qbsbgn bofjgsb hguprjsurj phch tbtbg4
I 3. Gnostbphsb AI 30, KA <3, KA <2, \P 6.
D & <. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho (oyjrb) \4 Px mjokhthgho mjrhsh ijiheoyh ajrgurhok cho
Z suche ajrohfhs cjokho iholhr.
CJOKHQ 3. Qbsbgn dhtue / trhumh
H
HO
:. Qbsbgn bofjgsb
O
OJZ 8. Qbsbgn / Pjobokghtho tjghoho botrh lrhobhi N 4 Px thmphg ijabe ijkh sjtjihe cbihgugho tjrhpb
hguprjsurj.
&
QNIN 1. Khokkuho rhsh hmho W dhtue chrb tjmpht tbcur,
ljmhs]
KB\
B <. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho W oyjrb, muhi, muothe ] \ 4 <6,8 L
B 5. Pjouruoho gjshchrho
OZSQB 8<. Khokkuho / Qbsbgn outrbsb gurhok / ijabe chrb P 4 Pjrthehogho gnocbsb phsbjo
gjautueho
\B-MJSH 83. Fuoksb mjojiho tbchg hcjguht
8:. Pjruaheho pnih mhghoho
ANIBG 86. Pnih pjmajrbho mhghoho ahyb thg jfjgtbf
8;. Pjruaheho mjmarho mugnsh muiut
85. Khokkuho rhsh oyhmho (muhi, muothe)
\B
CNGZMJOSH\B PQHGSBG
IJMAHQ PJOKJ\HEHO