OM CRITICAL

THINGKING WITH
SWASTYASTU TOASTMASTER
GROUP NAME :

I GEDE AGUS NARAYANA (01)

KOMANG TRISNA HANDAYANI (02)
PUTU GEDE SURYA SWARNATA (03)
I KETUT SUARDIKA (04)
NI LUH GEDE LEODY RACCILLIA PUTRI (05)
PUTU MITHA EKA GAYATRI (06)
I MADE SEDANA YOGA (07)
PUTU MAYA OKTAVIANTI (08)
NI PUTU OLLWAN ANTARI (09)

GROUP 1
DEFINITION CRITICAL THINKING
Critical Thinking as Defined by the National Council for Excellence in Critical
Thinking, 1987

A statement by Michael Scriven & Richard Paul, presented at the 8th Annual

International Conference on Critical Thinking and Education Reform, Summer 1987.

Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully

conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information
gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or
communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on
universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy,
precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and
fairness.
Critical thinking can be seen as having two components :

1. A set of information and belief generating and processing skills, and

2. The habit, based on intellectual commitment, of using those skills to guide
behavior. It is thus to be contrasted with :
a. The mere acquisition and retention of information alone, because it involves
a particular way in which information is sought and treated,
b. The mere possession of a set of skills, because it involves the continual use
of them; and,
c. The mere use of those skills ("as an exercise") without acceptance of their
results.
DEFINITION CRITICAL THINKING
Critical Thinking Defined by Edward Glaser

In a seminal study on critical thinking and education in 1941, Edward Glaser

defines critical thinking as follows “The ability to think critically, as conceived
in this volume, involves three things:
1. an attitude of being disposed to consider in a thoughtful way the problems
and subjects that come within the range of one's experiences,
2. knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning, and
3. some skill in applying those methods.
DEFINITION OF TOAST MASTER
Toastmaster is a general term, prevalent in the United States in the middle 20th
century, referring to a person in charge of the proceedings of a public speaking
event. The toastmaster is typically charged with organization of the event,
arranging the order of speakers, introducing one or more of the speakers, and
keeping the event on schedule.

Such meetings typically include civic events, service organization meetings,

and banquets of various purpose. In many meetings, a toastmaster typically
addresses the audience from behind a dais or from a podium. At stage
entertainment events, especially ones broadcast on live television, the
toastmaster often takes the form of a master of ceremonies, introducing the
entertainment acts.
HOW TO THINK CRITICALLY
1. Be informed. Collect information from numerous sources. The lnternet,
books, magazines, journals, newspapers, videos, and CDs are good sources
of information. Consulting with colleagues and employees also is useful.
2. Refrain from making decisions too early. Make sure you have all the facts,
and allow yourself time to think about them. Quick decisions may lead to
regrets.
3. Keep an open mind. You may find information that changes your
perspective of the problem.
4. Ask questions. Do not make assumptions. Probing questions that begin with
'why'or "how'help you get more information.'Why do you believe this is the
reason?" "How does this system work?"
HOW TO THINK CRITICALLY
5. Be honest about yourself. Acknowledge your biases, and avoid letting them
influence you.
6. Weigh opinions against facts. Be wary of placing more value on opinions
than on facts. Someone may tell you they are in favor of a proposal, but
their reasons for it may be based on personal biases rather than facts.
7. Be persistent. The entire process takes time, and you may encounter
difficulties. Don',t give up. Be organized. Sort the information you collect,
and devise criteria for evaluating it. Write down important points or things
you would like to investigate further.
8. Consider and analyze all options. This is the most important part of critical
thinking. Only after analyzing the options can you decide which one is best.
THE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF TOAST
MASTER

Tools and materials Step in doing acticity

1. Preparing the topic 1. Making a group

discussion 2. Preparing toast masters table
2. Toast master’s table 3. Preparing toast master materials
3. Toast master materials 4. Doing toast master practice
4. Papers 5. Bring the materials back
5. Pens 6. Giving evaluation to the toast master
6. Watch activity conducted by facilitators
7. Giving assessment to students
THE OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF TOAST
MASTER

Role or task obtained in toast master

1. President : opening and closing toast master activity

2. Moderator : guiding the toast master activity
3. Table of speaker : explaining each key’s terms in table topic speaker
4. Speech evaluator : giving assesments to the table topic speaker I and II
5. Timer : counting and remembering the time spent by the speakers
6. Ah-counter : counting the word “ah” which is said by table
7. Grammarian : giving grammar evaluation to leader or TTS
8. Speaker : Delivering the speech.
YOUR ASSIGNMENT

Apply the critical-thinking practices discussed in this project by

performing any two of the following roles (each at a different meeting) :

1. Speech evaluator
2. Grammarian,and
3. General evaluator