HUMANITIES - comes from the Latin humanus, which means human, cultured, and refined.

To
be human is to have or show qualities, like rationality, kindness, and tenderness.

-forms a connection between and among humans of the PAST, PRESENT and FUTURE

STUDY OF THE DIFFERENT CULTURAL ASPECT OF MAN; HIS FRAILTIES IN

LIFE AND HOW CAN IT BE IMPROVED

 RECORDS OF MAN‘S QUEST OF ANSWERS TO THE FUNDAMENTAL

QUESTIONS HE ASK ABOUT HIMSELF AND ABOUT LIFE and about the world we
live
 EXPRESSIONS OF MAN‘S FEELINGS AND THOUGHTS

THE HUMANITIES ARE THE STORIES, THE IDEAS, AND THE WORDS THAT HELP
US MAKE SENSE OF OUR LIVES AND OUR WORLD

 Literature
 History
 Philosophy
 Language
 Linguistic
 Anthropology
 Art History

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HUMAN BEING AND HIS FEELINGS AND HOW HE
EXPRESSES THOSE FEELINGS HAVE ALWAYS BEEN THE CONCERN OF THE
HUMANITIES

ART- is very important in our lives. It constitutes one of the oldest and most important means
of expression developed by man

-Art is how our ancestors recorded the world around them in a time before cameras

-You can tell what a culture valued by their artwork

ART FUNCTIONS AND PURPOSES

 CREATE BEAUTY
 PROVIDE DECORATION
 REVEAL TRUTH
 IMMORTALIZE
 EXPRESS RELIGIOUS VALUES
 RECORD EXPERIENCE
 CREATE ORDER & HARMONY
  EXPRESS FREELY ONESELF
 GIVE OTHER FORM TO FEELINGS
 HELP PEOPLE SEE THE WORLD IN NEW OR INNOVATIVE WAYS
 ENJOYMENT
 THERAPY
 ARTIFACTS

FUNCTIONAL AND NON FUNCTIONAL Forms of Arts

FUNCTIONAL-Visual Arts Eastside Learning Academy the need for life to be better

 Architecture
 Weaving
 Furniture-making

NON-FUNCTIONAL Visual Arts Eastside Learning Academy the need to express aesthetics
and beauty

 Paintings
 Sculpture
 Literature
 Music, Dance, Theatre

LESSON 3: ART AND PHILOSOPHY

PLATO - ART AS AN IMITATION

- against the inclusion of art as a subject in the curriculum and the banning of artists in
the Republic
- In Plato‘s metaphysics or view of reality, the things in this world are only copies of the
original, the eternal, and the true entities that can only be found in the World of Forms
 The Visible World & The Intelligible World

PLATO World of Forms

 SHADOWS / REFLECTIONS
 REALITY
 GEOMETRY / MATHEMATICS
 FORM OF THE GOOD

"...artists merely reinforce the belief in copies and discourage men to reach for the real existence
in the World of Forms."

DEEPLY SUSPICIOUS OF ARTS AND ARTISTS

1. They appeal to the emotion rather to the rational faculty of men

2. They imitate rather than lead one to reality

Art is just an imitation of imitation. – PLATO

"ART THEN IS TO BE BANISHED, ALONGSIDE THE PRACTITIONERS... "

- so that the attitudes and actions will not be corrupted by the influence of the arts.

“ART is DANGEROUS BECAUSE IT PROVIDES A PETTY REPLACEMENT FOR

THE REAL EXISTENCE – PLATO”

ARISTOTLE - ART AS A REPRESENTATION

- Aristotle, agreed with Plato that art is a form of imitation.

- UNLIKE PLATO WHO THOUGHT THAT ART IS AN IMITATION OF ANOTHER
IMITATION, ARISTOTLE CONCEIVED OF ART AS REPRESENTING POSSIBLE
VERSIONS OF REALITY.

In Aristotelian worldview, art serves two particular purposes:

1. Art allows for the experience of pleasure

2. Art also has an ability to be instructive and teach its audience things about life

IMMANUEL KANT - ART AS A DISINTERESTED JUDGMENT

- In his Critique of Judgment, considered the judgment of beauty, the cornerstone of art,
as something that can be universal despite its subjectivity.
- EVEN SUBJECTIVE JUDGMENTS ARE BASED ON SOME UNIVERSAL
CRITERION FOR THE SAID JUDGMENT
1. ―I like this painting.‖ ( S UBJECTIVE )
2. ―This painting is beautiful.‖ ( OBJECTIVE )

LEO TOLSTOY - ART AS A COMMUNICATION OF EMOTION

In the same that language communicates information to other people, art communicates
emotions.

" Art is central to man ’s existence because it makes accessible feelings and emotions of
people from the past and present . "
 LESSON 4

An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or
demonstrating an art. "Artiste" (the French for artist)

An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or
creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture,
decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery,

-The adjective "artisanal" is sometimes used in describing hand- processing in what is usually
viewed as an industrial process, such as in the phrase artisanal mining

LESSON 5
THE ART FORMS

The arts refers to the theory, human application and physical expression of creativity found
in human cultures and societies through skills and imagination in order to produce objects,
environments and experiences.

1. Architecture is an art form that reflects how we present ourselves across the earth’s
landscape, and, like other expressive mediums, it changes with styles, technologies and
cultural adaptations. Architecture is considered as the most functional of all the art
forms.

2. Sculpture, an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three-
dimensional art objects. The designs may be embodied in freestanding objects,
-An enormous variety of media may be used, including clay, wax, stone, metal, fabric,
glass, wood, plaster, rubber, and random ―found‖ objects

3. Painting is the application of pigments to a support surface that establishes an image,

design or decoration. In art the term ―painting‖ describes both the act and the result. Most
painting is created with pigment in liquid form and applied with a brush.

4. Dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way. These two concepts of the art of
dance—dance as a powerful impulse and dance as a skillfully choreographed art
practiced largely by a professional few—are the two most important connecting ideas
running through any consideration of the subject
5. Music is an art form, and cultural activity, whose medium is sound. General
definitions of music include common elements such as pitch (which governs melody and
harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation),
dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which
are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound).

6. Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers,
typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event
before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage
- "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek théatron, "a place for viewing", itself from
theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to observe".

7. Literature, most generically, is any body or collection of written work. Literature may
be in any form such as poetry, novel, short story, essay, epic and legends among
others.

The art forms may be classified as visual arts and performing arts. Visual arts are those
which are felt by the senses which includes sculpture, painting and architecture. Music,
Dance and Theater are under the performance arts category. Literature may be visual or
performance depending upon the manner as to how it shall be presented. At present, there are
other emerging art forms that have evolved. These art forms are digital arts which includes
photography and installation arts.

LESSON 6
 Art is not meant to be looked at only for what it is. It is meant to stimulate thought
because it allows viewers to draw their own emotions and pull from their personal
experiences when viewed.

 It is very powerful in this way and it naturally develops critical and innovative
thinking skills. Art also teaches many important qualities such as listening,
observing and responding to multiple perspectives.

 Having an appreciation for art also helps us to develop an appreciation for each
other and how we are all unique in our own way.

 For many people, art is meant to express something that we ourselves feel unable
to express or convey. Through its visual medium it evokes feelings of joy, sadness,
anger and pain.
  That is why art appreciation is so important in bringing that one final element to
complete the work, and that is our interpretation.

 Our perspective brings the artwork to life as it changes for every person around
it. It is important to foster art appreciation and analysis, as it helps us value the art
in how it appeals to us and what it means to each person.

 It delves into the history and the story behind the art, as well as a look into the
lives of the artists. It enables one to critically analyze a work, along lines of
design, mastery and techniques.

 Most importantly, however, art appreciation stimulates thought and analysis,

provokes an individual to look past what meets the eye and open our mind to the
views of others. Art is here to stay.

 It is a person’s history and legacy which is an ultimate proof that his personal
experiences can be articulated and his immortality can be defined.

LESSON 7 Subject and Content

SUBJECT The visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the artwork;
the ―what‖

CONTENT The meaning that is communicated by the artist or the artwork; the ―why‖

FORM The development and configuration of the art work – how the elements and the
medium or material are put together; the ―how‖

TYPES OF SUBJECT

REPRESENTATIONAL ART
→ These types of art have subjects that refer to objects or events occurring in the real world.
→ Also termed figurative art because the figures presented are easy to make out and
decipher.

Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci

NON - REPRESENTATIONAL ART

→ Art forms that do not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person, place,
thing, or even a particular event.

→It is stripped down to visual elements, such as shapes, lines, and colors that are employed
to translate a particular feeling, emotion, and even concept

Summertime by Jackson Pollock

Is non-representational art the same with abstract art?

- There is no clear-cut divide, rather, they existing a spectrum

Head of a Woman by Pablo Picasso

SOURCES AND KINDS OF SUBJECT

FOR NON – REPRESENTATIONAL ART

A HIGHER LEVEL OF PERCEPTIVENESS AND INSIGHT MIGHT BE REQUIRED TO

FULLY GRASPED THE FEELING, EMOTION, OR CONCEPT BEHIND THE WORK .

FOR REPRESENTATIONAL ART

IT IS EASIER TO INFER THE SUBJECT MATTER BECAUSE FROM THE FIGURES

DEPICTED IN THE ART WORK, THERE IS ALREADY A SUGGESTION AS TO ITS
IMPLICATION.

―Nature‖ refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general.‖ It is
considered the most commonly used source of art

People They are considered the most interesting subject of an artwork which may be real or
imagined. People as subjects may be presented as individuals or groups and may perform
tasks as how they do in their everyday life

History It is the depiction of factual events that occurred in the past whose purpose is either
to remember important events of long ago or to teach the learners about the lessons of the
past
Legends Artworks based on legends present to viewers of the art something tangible even
when unverified. Art brings life to these stories.

Religion Artists used as inspiration the religious texts as the Bible, Quran and Torah in
conveying their ideas and beliefs through their art works. It was also established that art is
considered the handmaid of religion

Mythology These are sources of subjects that come from the stories of gods and goddesses of
Ancient Greece, Rome, Norse and Egyptians. These so called deities of the mythological
world depict present humanlike behaviours.

Dreams and Fantasy The wonder of the unconscious is what is being expressed by art works
under this subject source. These works of art somehow explain to the viewers the content of
the art piece including the hidden meaning behind each work. The unconscious is being made
to be understood by this source of subject.

Technology The modernity of the present is also an inspiration being used by artists as a
source of subject.

Ways of Presenting the Subject

Realism Realism in the art is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully,
without artificiality and avoiding speculative fiction and supernatural elements.

Naturalism Representation of realistic objects in a natural setting Naturalism is a type of art

that pays attention to very accurate and precise details, and portrays things as they are

REALISM VS. NATURALISM

What is the Difference Between Naturalism and Realism? ... Typically, realist artists depict
common people going about their ordinary lives, rather than grand individuals performing
some kind of heroic or noble act. In contrast, naturalism is all about "how" a subject is
painted, rather than "who" or "what" it is.

Realism attempted to depict things as they actually are, which contrasted with the previously
dominant aesthetic of romanticism. Naturalism attempted to depict things realistically, but
focused on determinism, or the inability of people to resist their circumstances.

Abstract Abstraction finds its roots in ‗intuition‘ (of the artist) and ‗freedom‘ (for the artist as
well as for the viewer). It is the capability of the artist to use their imagination to look beyond
what we can physically see and translate intangible emotions onto the canvas.
Distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of something. In the
art world, a distortion is any change made by an artist to the size, shape or visual character of
a form to express an idea, convey a feeling or enhance visual impact.

Elongation is when the art subject is lengthened, protracted or extended

Mangling Artists show the subject as cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked with repeated blows

Cubism This is the presentation of abstract figures through the use of a cone, cylinder,
sphere, triangle, square, cube and circle in place of real pictorial elements.

SYMBOLISM The key to eliciting symbolic art involves studying the background and
personality of the artist and his inspiration in producing the said piece of work.

This is the use of a visible sign of an idea to convey to the viewers, readers or audiences the
message of his work. In this way, mystery is advocated by an art work making it more
interesting to the viewers

Fauvism is characterised by strong colours and fierce brushwork

Dadaism is a protest movement in the art that is playful and experimental. ―Dada‖ means a
―hobby horse‖ . Dadaism is most often nonsensical.

FUTURISM Futurist painters wanted their works to capture the mechanical energy of
modern life

Surrealism means super realism, influenced by Freudian psychology

-It emphasized the activities of the subconscious mind The surrealist‘s aim is to reveal the
deep and ugly part of human nature.

Features of Surrealistic Art

 Dream-like scenes and symbolic images

 Unexpected, illogical juxtapositions
 Bizarre assemblages of ordinary objects
 Personal iconography
 Visual puns
 Distorted figures and biomorphic shapes
 Uninhibited sexuality and taboo subjects
 Primitive or child-like designs

Expressionism artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions
and responses that objects and event arouse within a person