Layers of Earth's Atmosphere

Name \ Naserr Al doseri

Division \ 265
Introduction
The Earth's atmosphere consists of several successive layers, each of
which has its own characteristics and features, and these layers are
arranged from closest to farthest from the Earth's surface as follows [2].
Troposphere layer
The troposphere layer is the closest layer of the atmosphere to the earth's
surface, and it extends from the surface of the earth to 10 km above sea
level. Most of the weather events and its fluctuations are located in this
layer. Due to the presence of about 99% of water vapor in this layer, and
both pressure and temperatures decrease with an upward trend [2].
Stratosphere layer
The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere away from the
surface of the earth, and extends from the troposphere to approximately
50 km from the surface of the earth, and there is the distinctive ozone
layer, where the ozone molecules absorb ultraviolet rays from the sun,
then convert them into heat [2].
Mesosphere layer
The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere, and it extends for
85 km from the earth's surface, and most of the meteorites burn in it, and
here the temperatures return to a decrease, and the atmospheric pressure
decreases by heading upwards [1].
Thermosphere layer
The thermosphere is the layer closest to outer space than to the
atmosphere layer, and the difference in the amounts of energy coming
from the sun towards it affects the height of the upper part of it and the
temperature of this layer. The height of this layer ranges between 500-
1000 km above ground level, and temperatures in it between 500°-
2000°C [1].
Exosphere layer
The Exosphere Layer This layer of the atmosphere is similar to outer
space, especially in the lack of air in it, which exists in the form of a very
thin layer, and scientists differed in determining the actual final limits of
it, as they estimate the final limit of the upper part of this layer. The layer
is between 100,000-190.000 km above the Earth's surface [1].
Ionosphere layer
The ionosphere is not a layer in itself like the rest of the atmosphere, and
it extends from several bands in parts between the mesosphere and
thermosphere, and it was named because of the collision of the high-
energy rays emitted by the sun with the atoms and molecules that make
up them, and this collision results in the separation and leakage of
electrons, i.e. charging them with energy electrical [1].

References
[1] "layers of Earth's Atmosphere", scied.ucar.edu, Retrieved 13-1-2020.
[2] "Earth’s Early Atmosphere" ،universetoday.com, FRASER CAIN (9-
3-2009), Retrieved 31-12-2019.