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Physics12th08 02 2018
Physics12th08 02 2018
With Regards,
THEORY
Unit-1:
Electrostatics, Electric Charges, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge (addition of charges,
quantisation of charges and their Conservation) Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between
multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electrical field, electric field due to a
point charge, electric field due to system of charge, physical significance of electric field, electric-field lines;
electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole;(on its axis, on equatorial plane)physical significance of dipoles; torque
on a dipole in uniform electric field. Electric field due to continuous charge distribution, Electric flux, statement of
Gauss's theorem proof of Gauss’s theorem for a charge enclosed in sphere, and its applications to find electric
field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite thin plane sheet and uniformly charged thin
spherical shell (Field inside and outside). Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point
charge, potential due to an electric dipole with special cases for axis and equatorial plane and system of charges;
equipotential surfaces, , relation between field and potential electrical potential energy of a system of two point
charges potential energy in external field and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators,
electrostatics of conductors, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Electrostatic shielding its uses,
Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel,
capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in
a capacitor, Van de Graff generator.
Unit-II:
Current Electricity Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, drift of electron
mobility and their relation with electric current: Ohm's law, electrical resistance. V-I characteristics (linear and non
linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity. Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon
resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance and resistivity.
Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel.
Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications of Wheatstone bridge, Meter Bridge. Potentiometer-principle and its
applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells, measurement of internal
resistance of a cell.
Unit-III:
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism Concept of magnetic field. Oersted's experiment; Biot-savart law and
its application to find magnetic field on the axis of a current carrying circular loop, Ampere's circuital law (no
proof) and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and torroidial solenoids. Force on a moving
charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and
magnetic field (velocity selector) Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors, definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current
loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometers its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and
voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a
revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (Bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular
to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid, magnetic field lines; magnetism and Gauss’s law; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements,
magnetisation and magnetic intensity, magnetic properties of materials, Para-, dia-and ferromagnetic substances
with examples, Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
Unit-IV:
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's and Henry experiments,
magnetic flux, induced emf and current, Lenz's Law and conservation of energy, motional emf, Eddy currents: Self
and mutual inductance. Alternating current, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and
impedances; phasors, ac applied across resistance, ac applied across inductor, as applied across capacitor, ac
applied across LCR, LC oscillations, across inductor, ac applied across capacitor ,LC oscillations, (qualitative
treatment only), LCR series circuit resonance; power in AC circuit, wattles current. AC generator and transformer.
Unit-V:
5
Electromagnetic Waves Need for displacement current, Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics
(qualitative ideas only). Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum (Radio waves, Radio-microwaves, infra-red, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays)
including elementary facts about their uses.
Unit-VI:
Optics Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its
applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, refraction by lens, lenses, thin lens formula/equation,
lens-maker's formula. Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of lens
and mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. Some natural phenomenon due to sunlight,
Scattering of light-blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. Optical
instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia,
hypermetropia) using lenses. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their
magnifying powers. Wave’s optics: wave front and Huygens' Principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a
plane surface using Huygens’ Principle, wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens
‘Principle. Interference Young's double whole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and
incoherent addition of waves and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central
maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, polarization by scattering
and reflection, plane polarised light -Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroid’s.
Unit-VII:
Dual nature of Matter and Radiation Electron emission, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations';
experimental study of photoelectric effect, and wave theory of light, Einstein's photoelectric equation, particle
nature of light, the photon, Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davission-Germer
experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).
Unit-VIII:
Atoms & Nuclei Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr modal of hydrogen atom,
expression for radius, velocity and energy of electron in orbit, energy levels, line spectrum of hydrogen atom,
atomic spectra, de-Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’ s second postulate of quantization. Composition and size of
nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. Radioactivity- alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their
properties; radioactive decay law, alpha, beta and gamma decay. Mass-energy - 124 - relation, mass-defect;
binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear force, nuclear reactor,
Nuclear energy.
Unit-XI:
Electronic Devices Classification of metal insulator and semiconductor, Energy bands in solids (qualitative idea
only) conductor, insulators and Semiconductors; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors-n junction, semiconductor
Diode-1-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier, 1-V characteristics of LED, photodiode,
solar cell and Zener diode, Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action; characteristics
of a common emitter transistor: transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator, digital
electronics and Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch, integrated circuits.
Unit-X:
Communication Systems Elements of a communication system (block diagram only); basic terminology Used in
Electronic Communication Systems, bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital data); bandwidth of transmission
of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, Sky and space wave propagation. Need for modulation. Production
and detection of an amplitude modulated wave.
NOTE: - TOPICS GIVEN BELOW ARE IN PRESCRIBED SYLLABUS OF P.S.E.B BUT NOT MENTIONED IN BOOK
SUBSCRIBED BY PSEB. SO THESE TOPICS ARE TO BE DONE WITH STUDENTS AND PAPER WILL INCLUDE THESE
TOPICS AND QUESTIONS FROM THESE TOPICS WILL NOT CONSIDER AS OUT OF SYLLABUS.
6
1. Electric flux 2. Potentiometer and its applications to measure potential difference 3. Magnetic field intensity due
to a magnetic dipole (Bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. 4. Combinations of lens and mirror 5.
Poor of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens ‘Principle’. 6. Alpha-beta and gamma particles/rays and
their properties.
7
PHYSICS 10+2
COULOMB’S LAW
4 Marks questions
22.Derive the expression for potential energy when an electric dipole is placed
inside uniform electric field. Under what condition these are maximum and
minimum.
23.Show that the work done in rotating an electric dipole of dipole moment p
in a uniform electric field E by an angle θ from the equilibrium position W =
pE (1-cosθ). What does the negative sign in the expression for potential
energy (U=-pEcosθ) signify?
24.Define capacitance. Derive the expression for capacitance of parallel plate
capacitor.
25.Derive the expression for energy stored in a capacitor? In what form is the
energy stored in a charged capacitor.
26.Three capacitors of capacitance C1, C2, C3 are connected in (i) series (ii)
parallel. Find the expression for resultant capacitance.
1
27.Prove that energy stored per unit volume in a capacitor is given by 0 E 2 ; E
2
is the electric field of the capacitor.
28.If a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is kept connected to a supply
voltage V to just fill the space and then a dielectric slab is inserted between
the plates. What will be the change in the capacitance, potential difference,
the charge, electric field and the energy stored.
29.A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a potential
difference V and then the battery is disconnected. Now a dielectric slab of
the dimensions equal spacing between the plates is inserted between the
plates. What are the changes, if any, in the capacitance, charge, potential
difference, electric field and the energy stored?
30.A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of
3× 10-7 C. (a) estimate the number of electrons transferred (from which to
which). (b) Is there a transfer of mass from wool to polythene?
31.Two equally charged identical metal spheres A and B repel each other with a
force of 2·0 x 10-5 N. Another identical uncharged sphere C is touched to A
and then placed at the midpoint between A and B. What is the net force on
C?
32.Four point charges +5 mC, +2 mC, +10mC and +2 mC are kept at the corners
of a square of side 10 cm. A charge q=+1mC is placed at its centre. Find the
net force on q.
33.Calculate the distance between two protons such that the electrostatic
force between them is equal to the weight of either.
34.Two point charges are 0.1 m apart and their combined charge is 9 µC. If they
repel each other with a force 18N, then calculate the magnitude of each
charge.
35.Calculate the coulomb force between two alpha particlesseparated by a
distance of 3.2 x 10-15 m
36.In a medium, the force of attraction between two point electric charges
distance d apart is F. What distance apart should these be kept in the same
medium so that the force between them becomes
a. 3F
b. F/3
9
B C
D
triangle?
40.Consider three charges q, q, -q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral
triangle of side l. What is the force on each charge?
41.A proton moves through a uniform electric field of 5.01 x 10 3 N/C. Calculate
(a) the acceleration with which the proton is moving and (b) the time taken
by the proton to cover a distance of 4.8 cm.
42.A system has two charges qa= 2.5× 10-7 C and qb = -2.5× 10-7 C located at
points A: (0, 0,-15 cm) and B: (0, 0, +15 cm) respectively. What are the total
3charge and electric dipole moment of the system?
43.Two charges +10μ C and – 10 μ C are placed 5 mm apart. Determine the
electric field at (a) a point P on the axis of the dipole 15 cm away from its
centre O on the side of the positive charge, (b) at a point 15 cm away from
its centre O on a line passing through O and normal axis of the dipole.
44.Two point charges q1 and q2 of magnitude +10-8C and -10-8 C, respectively,
are placed 0.1 m apart. Calculate the electric field
0.1 m 0.1 m
q1 q2
B
0.05 m 0.05 m A 0.05 m
at A, B and C.
10
45.Consider a uniform electric field E = 3× 103 î N/C. (a) what is flux of this field
through a square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the yz plane?
(b) What is the flux through the same square if the normal to its plane
makes a 60° angle with the x-axis?
46.What is net flux of the uniform electric field E = 3× 103 î N/C through a cube
of side 20 cm oriented so that its faces are parallel to the coordinate planes?
47.A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.4 m diameter has surface
charge density of 80 µC/m2. (a) Find the charge on the sphere. What is the
total electric flux leaving the surface of the sphere?
48.An infinite line charge produces a field of 9× 104 N/C at a distance of 2 cm.
Calculate the linear charge density.
49.A spherical conductor of radius 12 cm has a charge of 1.6 × 10-7 C
distributed uniformly on its surface. What is the electric field (a) inside the
sphere (b) just outside the sphere (c) at a point 18 cm from the centre of the
sphere?
50. (a) Calculate the potential at a point P due to a charge of 4× 10-7 C
located 9 cm away. (b) hence obtain the work done in bringing a
charge of 2× 10-9 C from infinity to the point P. does the answer
depend on the path along which the charge is brought?
51. Two charges 6×10-6 C and -4×10-6 C are located 10 cm apart. At what
points on the line joining the two charges is the electric potential zero?
Take the potential at infinity to be zero.
52.A regular hexagon of side 10 cm has a charge 5µC at each of its vertices.
Calculate the potential at the center of the hexagon.
53.(a) Determine the electrostatic potential energy of a system consisting of
two charges 7 µC and 2 µC (and with no external field placed (-9 cm, 0, 0)
and (9 cm, 0, 0) respectively.
(b) How much work is required to separate the two charges infinitely away?
54.A slab of a material of dielectric constant K has the same area as the plates
of a parallel plate capacitor but has a thickness (3/4) d where d is the
separation of the plates. How is the capacitance changed when the slab is
inserted between the plates?
55.You are given three capacitors of value 2μF, 3μF, 6μF. How will you connect
them to a resultant capacity of 4μF and 1 μF?
11
56. Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the network in given figure. For a
300 V supply, determine the charge across capacitor C4.
100 pF
C1
C4 C2 C3
_ 300V +
57. A 900 pF capacitor is charged by 100V battery. (a) How much energy is stored in a
capacitor? (b) The capacitor is disconnected from the battery and connected to
another 900 pF capacitor. What is electrostatic energy stored by the system?
58. In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each plate has an area of
6× 10-3 m2 and the distance between the plates is 3 mm. calculate the capacitance
of the capacitor. If this capacitor is connected to a 100 V supply, what is the
charge on each plate of the capacitor? (b) what would happen if in the capacitor 3
mm thick mica sheet of dielectric constant = 6 is inserted between the plates of
the capacitor (a) while the voltage supply remain connected (b) after the supply is
disconnected.
6 Marks questions
59.State Coulomb’s law. Define one coulomb. Give its limitations. Express
coulomb’s law in vector form. What is its importance?
60.What are electric lines of force? Give its properties and its importance. Why
two electric lines of force do not cross each other?
61.Show that work done /line integral of electric field in moving a charge from
one point to another inside the electric field is independent of path
followed.
62.Derive an expression for the potential at a point along the axial line of a
short electric dipole. Show mathematically that the potential at a point on
the equatorial line of an electric dipole is zero.
63.Derive expression for electric field due to spherical shell at any point (i)
inside (ii) outside (iii) on the surface using Gauss’s theorem.
64.State and prove Gauss’s theorem. Derive expression for electric field due to
line charge (an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire) using Gauss’s
theorem.
65.State and prove Gauss’s theorem. Derive expression for electric field
intensity at any point due to an infinite thin plane sheet of charge density σ
C m-2. What happens if sheet is thick?
66.Give the principle, construction and working of Vande Graff generator with
the help of labelled diagram. What are its uses?
12
UNIT-2
1 Marks questions
2 Marks questions
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1. How does the drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor vary with
increase in temperature?
2. Establish the relation between current and drift velocity.
3. What are ohmic and non ohmic devices? Give one example of each.
4. Give two limitations of ohm’s law, with the help of VI graphs.
5. Define resistance. On what factors it depends?
6. Draw a graph to show the variation of resistance of a metal wire as a function
of its diameter, keeping length and temperature constant.
7. Define resistivity. On what factors it depends.
8. A metal and a semiconductor material are cooled. What happens to their
conductivities and why?
9. Draw a graph between resistivity and temperature in case of metals, alloys
and semiconductors.
10.Why electrical power is transmitted at very voltages?
11.What is difference between e.m.f and terminal potential difference?
12.Name the material used for making standard resistors? Give two reasons.
13.Three resistances are connected in series. Find the expression for their
equivalent resistance.
14.Three resistances are connected in parallel. Find the expression for their
equivalent resistance
15.What happens to the drift velocity (VD) of electrons and to the resistance(r),
if length of a conductor is doubled (keeping potential difference unchanged)?
16.The V-I graph is drawn for a metal wire at two temperature T1 and T2. If T1>T2,
draw the graph.
17.A large number of free electrons are present in metals. Why is there no
current in the absence of electric field across it?
18.Will water flow more easily through a wide pipe or a narrow pipe? Will
current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire?
19.Distinguish between a kilowatt and a kilowatt-hour.
20.What is internal resistance of a cell? On what factors do the internal
resistance of a cell depend?
21.A wire is carrying current. Is it charged?
22.It is found that 1020 electrons each having a charge of 1.6 ×10-19 C, pass from
a point X towards another point Y in 0.1s. What are the current and its
direction?
23.An electric motor operating on a 50 V dc supply draws a current of 12A. If the
efficiency of the motor is 30%, estimate the resistance of the windings of the
motor.
24.The wattage marked on a light bulb is not an inherent property of the bulb
but depends on the voltage to which it is connected, usually 110 or 120 V.
How many amperes flow through a 60-W bulb connected in a 120-V circuit?
14
25. An electric iron connected to a 110-V source draws 9 A of current. How much
heat in joules does it generate in a minute?
26. The resistance of the platinum wire of a platinum resistance thermometer at
the ice point is 5 Ω and at steam point is 5.23Ω. When the thermometer is
inserted in a hot bath, the resistance of the platinum wire is 5.795Ω.
Calculate the temperature of the bath.
27.A silver wire has a resistance of 2.1Ω at 27.5°C and a resistance of 2.7Ω at
100°C. Determine the temperature coefficient of resistivity of silver.
28.Given n resistors each of resistance R, how will you combine them to get the
(i) maximum (ii) minimum effective resistance? What is the ratio of the
maximum to minimum resistance?
29.Given the resistances of 1Ω,2Ω,3Ω how will be combine them to get an
equivalent resistance of (i) 11/3Ω (ii) 11/5Ω (iii) 6Ω (iv) 6/11Ω?
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT
4 Marks questions
1. What is drift velocity and relaxation time? Establish relation between them.
2. State and prove Ohm’s law using the concept of drift velocity.
3. How resistivity of metals, semiconductors, and insulator does vary with
temperature?
4. Derive the relation for resistivity mlne2where symbols have their usual meaning.
5. What is internal resistance? Derive expression for it.
6. State and explain Kirchhoff’s law.
7. Derive the principle for the balance of Wheatstone bridge using Kirchhoff’s law.
8. Explain the use of slide Wire Bridge to measure unknown resistance.
9. Explain use of potentiometer to compare the emf’s of two primary cells with the
help of proper diagram.
10. Explain use of potentiometer to find internal resistance of primary cell with the help
of proper diagram.
11. A wire of resistance 1 ohm and resistivity ‘’is stretched to double its length. What
will be its new resistance and resistivity?
12. If a copper wire is stretched to make it 0.1% longer, what is the percentage change in
its resistance?
13. A battery on e.m.f E and internal resistance r gives a current 0.5 A with an external
resistance of 12 Ω and a current 0.25 A with an external resistance of 25Ω. Calculate
the internal resistance and e.m.f of the cell.
15
14. Two wires of equal length, one of aluminium and the other of copper have the same
resistance. Which of the two wires is lighter? Hence explain why aluminium wires are
preferred for overhead power cables. (ρAl= 2.63 × 10-8Ωm, ρCu = 1.72 × 10-8 Ωm.
relative density of Al =2.7, of Cu =8.9)
15. Calculate the equivalent resistance of network
shown
16. Determine the current drawn from a 12V supply with internal resistance 0.5Ω by the
infinite network shown in Fig. Each resistor has 1Ω resistance.
17. In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of e.m.f 1.25 V gives a balance point at 35.0
cm length of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point
shifts to 63.0 cm what is the e.m.f of the second cell?
18. Figure shows a 2.0 V potentiometer used for the determination of internal resistance
of a 1.5 V cell. The balance point of the cell in open circuit is 76.3 cm. When a
resistor of 9.5 Ω is used in the external circuit of the cell, the balance point shifts to
64.8 cm length of the potentiometer wire. Determine the internal resistance of the
cell.
16
UNIT-3
1 Mark questions
1. The materials suitable for making electromagnets should have: (a) high
retentivity and high coercivity (b) low retentivity and low coercivity (c) high
retentivity and low coercivity (d) low retentivity and high coercivity.
2. To convert a galvanometer into voltmeter a ________ resistance is
connected in _____________.
3. Tesla is unit of magnetic flux. True or false.
4. Cyclotron is used to accelerate (a) electrons (b) neutrons (c) positive ions
(d) negative ions.
5. Angle of dip is 90° at (a) poles (b) equator (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of
these.
6. State Biot Savart’s law.
7. State Fleming right hand thumb rule.
8. State Ampere’s circuital law.
9. State Ampere swimming rule.
10. What is magnetic Lorentz force?
11. Under what condition magnetic Lorentz force is maximum and minimum?
12. What is the force experienced by a stationary charge in magnetic field?
13. Under what conditions the force on a charge inside magnetic field is zero?
14. Define the unit of magnetic field.
15. Can neutrons be accelerated in a cyclotron?
16. What is meant cyclotron frequency?
17. State Fleming’s left hand rule.
18. Give the principle of moving coil galvanometer.
19. What is nature of magnetic field in a moving coil galvanometer?
20. Define current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer?
21. Define voltage sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer?
22. What is shunt?
23. What are uses of shunt?
24. How is ammeter connected in an electric circuit?
25. How is voltmeter connected in an electric circuit?
26. What is the resistance of an ideal ammeter and voltmeter?
27. Give the principle of a d.c. motor.
28. What is nature of force, when two parallel conductors carry current in (i)
same direction, (ii) opposite direction?
29. What do you mean by directive property of a magnetic dipole?
30. Does an isolated magnetic pole exist like an isolate charge?
31. Define magnetic dipole moment.
32. What is SI unit of magnetic dipole moment?
17
2 Marks questions
5. The magnetic field at a point near the centre but outside a current carrying
solenoid is zero. Explain, why.
6. What is condition for selecting charged particle of particular velocity out of a beam
of charges?
7. Why is a cyclotron not suitable for accelerating electrons?
8. Using Ampere’s circuital law, find the expression for magnetic field due to infinitely
long straight current carrying conductor.
9. Two parallel conducting wires carrying electric current in the same direction attract
each other. Explain, why.
10.Two parallel conducing wires carrying electric current in the opposite direction
repel each other. Explain, why.
11.Two parallel wires carrying currents in same direction attract each other, while two
beams of electrons travelling in the same direction repel each other. Explain, why.
12.Why a solenoid tends to contract, when a current pass through it?
13.A loop of irregular shape carrying current is located in an external magnetic field. If
the wire is flexible, why does it change to a circular shape?
14.Explain why earth’s magnetic field does not affect the working of a moving coil
galvanometer.
15.What is radial magnetic field? How as it been achieved in a moving coil
galvanometer?
16.What is the importance of radial magnetic field in a moving coil galvanometer?
17.What is main function of soft iron core used in a moving coil galvanometer?
18.What is shunt? Give its use.
19.Compare a voltmeter and an ammeter.
20.Out of an ammeter and a voltmeter, which if the two as higher resistance and why?
21.Why is an ammeter connected in series, while a voltmeter is connected in parallel
with rest of the circuit?
22.What is function of starter in a motor?
23.State four properties of bar magnet.
24.What happens if a bar magnet is cut into two pieces: (i) transverse to its length (ii)
along its length?
25.A magnetised needle in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque but no net
force. An iron nail near a bar magnet, however experiences a force of attraction in
addition to a torque. Why?
26.How will you distinguish between iron bar and magnetised bar?
27.Is it necessary that every magnet has north and south poles? If not, give an example
of such a magnet which has no north and south pole.
28.What is the probable cause of earth’s magnetism?
29.Why two magnetic lines of force do not cross each other?
30.Draw a hysteresis loop for ferromagnetic materials and represent retentivity and
coercivity on the curve. What is use of hysteresis loop?
31.Which material is used for making permanent magnets and why?
19
them.
39.If magnetic monopoles existed, how would the Gauss’s law of magnetism be
modified?
20
40.Does a bar magnet exert a torque on itself due to its own field? Does one element
of a current carrying wire exert a force on another element of the same wire?
41.Define magnetic declination and dip.
42. A straight wire of mass 200 g and length 1.5 m carries a current of 2 A. it is
suspended in mid-air by a uniform horizontal magnetic field B. what is the
magnitude of the magnetic field?
43.What is the radius of the path of an electron (mass 9× 10-31 kg and charge 1.6× 10-19
C) moving at a speed of 3× 107 m/s in a magnetic field of 6× 10 -4 T perpendicular to
it? What is its frequency? Calculate its energy in keV. (1eV = 1.6× 10-19 J)
44.A cyclotron’s oscillator frequency is 10 MHz What should be the operating
magnetic field for accelerating protons? If the radius of its Dees’ is 60 cm. what is
the kinetic energy (in MeV) of the proton beam produced by the accelerator.
45.Consider a tightly wound 100 turn coil of radius 1 cm, carrying a current of 1 A.
what is the magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre of the coil?
46.A long straight wire carries a current of 35 A. what is the magnitude of the field at a
point 20 cm from the wire?
47.A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 50 A in north to
south direction. Given the magnitude and direction of B at a point 2.5 m east of the
wire.
48. What is the magnitude of magnetic force per unit length on a wire carrying a
current of 8 A and making an angle of 30° with the direction of a uniform magnetic
field of 0.15 T?
49.A 3 cm wire carrying a current of 10 A is placed inside a solenoid perpendicular to
its axis. The magnetic field inside the solenoid is given to be 0.27 T. what is the
magnetic force on the wire?
50.Two long and parallel straight wires A and B carrying currents of 8 A and 5 A in the
same direction is separated by a distance of 4 cm. Estimate the force on a 10 cm
section of wire A.
51.A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 12Ω and the metre shows full scale
deflection for a current of 3 mA. How will you convert the metre into a voltmeter of
range 1 to 18 V?
52.A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 15Ω and the metre shows full scale
deflection for a current of 4 mA. How will you convert the metre into a ammeter of
range 1 to 6 A?
53.A closely wound solenoid 80 cm long has 5 layers of windings of 400 turns each.
The diameter of the solenoid is 1.8 cm. if the current carried is 8 A. estimate the
magnitude of B inside the solenoid near its centre.
54.A square coil of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns and carries a current of 12 A. the
coil is suspended vertically and the normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle
of 30° with the direction of a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 0.80
T. what is the magnitude of torque experienced by the coil?
21
55.What is the magnitude of the equatorial and axial fields due to a bar magnet of
length 5.0 cm at a distance of 50 cm from the midpoint? The magnetic moment of
the bar magnet is 0.40 Am2.
56.The earth’s magnetic field at the equator is 0.4 G. estimate the earth’s dipole
moment.
57.In the magnetic meridian of a certain place, the horizontal component of the
earth’s magnetic field is 0.26 G and the dip angle is 60°. What is the magnetic field
of the earth at this location?
58.A solenoid has a core of a material with relative permeability 400. The windings of
the solenoid are insulated from the core and carry a current of 2 A. if the number of
turns is 1000 per metre. Calculate (a) H, (b) M, (c) B and (d) the magnetising current
Im.
6 Marks questions
1. Using Biot Savart’s law derives the expression for magnetic field due to current
carrying straight long conductor. State right hand thumb rule.
2. Using Biot Savart’s law derives the expression for magnetic field at the centre of
current carrying coil.
3. Using Biot Savart’s law derives the expression for magnetic field on the axis of
current carrying coil.
4. Derive the expression for force on a current carrying conductor placed in a
magnetic field. In which condition it is maximum and minimum.
5. Find the expression for force between two infinitely long parallel current carrying
conductors. Define one ampere.
6. State and prove Ampere’s circuital law. How will you find magnetic field of current
carrying solenoid using this law?
7. What is torrid? How will you find magnetic field due to current carrying torroidial
solenoid?
8. Derive an expression for torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform
magnetic field. Under what condition the coil is in stable and unstable equilibrium.
Define magnetic moment of the current loop.
9. Give the principle, construction and working theory of moving coil galvanometer.
10.How will you convert galvanometer into (i) ammeter (ii) voltmeter?
11.Give the principle construction and working theory of a cyclotron. Why it is not
suitable for accelerating electrons and neutrons? What are uses of cyclotron?
12.Define magnetic field intensity at a point and derive an expression for it at a point
on the axial line of a magnetic dipole.
13.What do you mean by equatorial line of a magnetic dipole? Derive an expression
for it at a point on the equatorial line of a magnetic dipole.
14.A magnetic dipole is placed in a magnetic field; derive the expression for torque
and potential energy? Under what conditions these are maximum and minimum.
15.Prove that the magnetic field due to bar magnet is equivalent to the magnetic field
due to current carrying solenoid by finding magnetic field due to both along axial
line.
16.Show that atom acts as a magnetic dipole. Define Bohr’s magneton.
17.Give ten differences between dia-, para-, and Ferro- magnetic substances.
22
18.Explain hysteresis loop. Define coercivity and retentivity. Why do we prefer steel or
alnico for making permanent magnet?
23
UNIT-4
1 Mark questions
1. In an a.c circuit containing only capacitor, the current (a) leads voltage by 180°, (b)
remain in phase with voltage (c) leads voltage by 90° (d) lags voltage by 90°.
2. Eddy currents are produced in (a) induction furnace (b) electromagnetic brakes (c)
speedometer (d) all of these.
3. Split rings are used in a.c. dynamo. True or false.
4. The SI unit of magnetic flux is ___________.
5. Eddy currents are produced in (a) induction furnace (b) electromagnetic brakes (c)
speedometer (d) all of these.
6. What is meant by magnetic flux?
7. Weber is the unit of which physical quantity?
8. Define electromagnetic induction.
9. What is the basic cause of induced emf?
10.What are eddy currents?
11.Define one henry?
12.Define self inductance of a coil.
13.Define the SI unit of self inductance.
14.Define mutual inductance.
15.Define coefficient of mutual inductance for a pair of coils.
16.State the principle of a.c. generator.
17.Draw a labelled diagram of ac generator.
18.State Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction.
19.what is the frequency of direct current?
20.Define the mean value of an alternating current.
21.What is the mean value of an alternating current over a complete cycle?
22.Define the root mean square value of an alternating current.
23.The instantaneous current from am a.c, source is I=6sin324t. what is the r.m.s value
of the current?
24.What is the resistance offered by an inductance to d.c.?
25.What is the phase relationship between current and voltage in an inductor?
26.What is acapacitive reactance?
27.What is the resistance offered by an capacitance to d.c.?
28.When doe a series LCR circuit have minimum impedance?
29.What is the principle of a transformer?
2 Marks questions
4 Marks questions
58. There are 50 turns in the coil and the flux linked with each of its turn is 0.2
weber. If 5 ampere current passes through the coil, find self - inductance of
the coil. (Ans: 2.0 H)
59. Number of turns of a coil is 50. Area of every turn is 100 cm 2. The plane of
the coil is perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field of
200 × 10 - 4 weber m 2. It is rotated so thatthe plane of the coil becomes
parallel to the same magnetic field within 0.1 sec. Calculatethe induced
e.m.f. (Ans: 0.10 V)
60. A coil of 500 turns and area 10 cm2 is placed with its plane perpendicular
to a magnetic field of 2 × 10 - 3 weber m2. If the field is uniformly reduced to
zero in 10 -2 s, what will be the e.m.f? Induced in the coil? If the resistance of
the coil is 50 ohm, calculate the values of the current and charge induced in
the coil. Ans: 0.1 volt, 0.002 A, 2 × 10 - 5 C)
61. A surface vector of area 60 m2 is parallel to and in a magnetic field. The
intensity of this uniform magnetic field is 300 weberm2 (tesla). If the surface
rotates through 90° in 3 minutes, then find the induced e.m.f.
(Ans: 100 volt)
62. In a uniform magnetic field of 600 tesla a surface-vector of area is placed
parallel to it. From this position, if this surface rotates through 90° in 5
minutes producing the induced e.m.f. of 80 volt, then find the surface-vector
area. (Ans: 40 m2)
63. The two rails of railway track, insulated from each other, and the ground
are connected to a milli-voltmeter. What will be the reading of the milli-
voltmeter when a train travels at a speed of 180 kmhr along the track, if the
vertical component of earth’s magnetic field is 2 × 10 - 4 weber m2 and rails
are separated by 1 m. (Ans: 1 mV)
64. The length of the wing of an air plane is 10 m. Its horizontal velocity is 200
m s. If the vertical component of the earth’s magnetic field is
5.0 × 10 - 5 weber m2, calculate thepotential difference developed across
the two ends of the wing. (Ans: 0.1 V)
65. A direct current of 2 A in a coil of 400 turns causes a flux of 10 - 4 weber to
links of the coil. Compute the average counter e.m.f. induced in the coil if the
current is interrupted in 0.08 s. Find the inductance of the coil. (Ans: 0.5 V,
0.02 H)
66. The length of a solenoid having 1000 turns is 10cm. If its cross-sectional
area is 10 cm2, find its self-inductance. If a current of 10 A flows through it,
what is the strength of magnetic field intensity inside it? ( = 4× 10 - 7
tesla-m A)
(Ans: 4 × 10 - 3 H, 0.04 tesla)
67.Obtain the resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit with L= 2H, C=32 µF and R =10
Ω. What is the Q-value of this circuit?
68.Derive an expression for the instantaneous value of induced e.m.f in a coil when it
is rotated in a uniform magnetic field at a uniform angular velocity. How does the
e.m.f vary when the coil rotates through an angle of
2π?
27
69.The magnetic flux through a coil perpendicular to its plane is varying according to
the relation Φ = (5 t3 + 4 t2 + 2t -5) weber. Calculate the induced current through
the coil at t = 2 s of the resistance of the coil is 5Ω.
28
UNIT 5
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
1 Mark questions
2. Which of the following has minimum wavelength? (a) X-rays (b) ultraviolet rays (c)
ɣ-rays (d) cosmic rays.
3. The SI unit of displacement current is _______.
4. Check whether the statement is true or false: electromagnetic waves are produced
due to an accelerating charge.
5. Ozone layer in atmosphere is useful, because it (a) stops ultraviolet rays (b) absorbs
pollutant gases (c) stops green house effect (d) stops increase in temperature of
atmosphere.
6. What are electromagnetic waves?
7. State modified Ampere’s circuital law.
8. Give the ratio of velocities of light rays of wavelength 4000 Å and 6000Å in vacuum.
9. Which of the following has shortest wavelength – radio waves, red light, ultraviolet
rays?
10.Which of the following has shortest frequency – micro waves, X-rays, ultraviolet
rays?
11.Arrange the following electromagnetic radiations in the ascending order of their
frequencies: microwaves, radio waves, X-rays, gamma rays.
12.Arrange the following electromagnetic radiations in the descending order of their
frequencies: infra-red rays, ultraviolet waves, X-rays, gamma rays.
13.Which of the following has shortest frequency? X-rays, microwaves and ultra-violet
rays.Write the following radiations in an ascending order in respect of their
frequencies: X-rays, microwaves UV rays and radio-waves.
14.Write the following radiations in an ascending order in respect of their frequencies:
X-rays, infra-red rays, red rays, yellow light and radio-waves.
15.Write the frequency limit of visible range of electromagnetic spectrum in kHz.
16.Name the electromagnetic radiation to which waves of wavelength in the range of
10-2m belong.
17.Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in operating a RADAR?
18.Name the electromagnetic radiation used for viewing objects through haze and fog.
2 Marks questions
UNIT 6
OPTICS
2 Marks questions
2. Draw a ray diagram for image formed by plane mirror. Give its characteristics.
3. Does the mirror formula holds good for a plane mirror?
4. Why a convex mirror is used as a rear view mirror? Is it a perfect driver’s mirror?
5. Why are mirrors used in search lights parabolic and not convex spherical?
6. Why is a concave mirrors preferred to a plane mirror for shaving?
7. A concave mirror is used in ophthalmoscope. Why?
8. What is refraction of light? State its laws.
9. What is refractive index? On what factors it depends?
10. When does Snell’s law in refraction fail?
11. Why do stars twinkle at night?
12. The sun is seen a little before it rises and for a short while after it sets. Explain
why?
13. Why does a tank filled with water appear shallow?
14. A stick is partially immersed obliquely under water appears to be bent. Explain
why?
15. How do you explain the mirage effect produced in very hot deserts?
16. Why is the diamond brilliant? Is it a source of light also?
17. The refractive index of diamond is much greater than that of ordinary glass. Is this
fact of some use to a diamond cutter?
18. Draw ray diagram to show how a right angled isosceles prism can be used to (a)
deviate the ray through 180° (b) deviate the ray through 90°.
19. Can a convergent lens in one medium behave as a divergent lens in some other
medium?
20. A magician during a show makes a glass lens with n=1.47 disappears in a trough of
liquid. What is the refractive index of the liquid? Could the liquid be water?
21. Explain why an air bubble inside a transparent liquid behaves like a diverging lens.
22. What is spherical aberration? How it can be minimized.
23. Although the surfaces of a goggle lens are curved, it does not have any power.
Explain why?
24. What is difference between primary and secondary rainbow?
25. What is dispersion of light? Explain its cause.
26. Why sky appear blue? What will it look like on moon?
27. Why the rising sun is red in colour?
28. Eye is more sensitive to yellow colour. Why is then danger signals red?
29. A thin prism of 5° angle gives a deviation of 3.2°. What is the value of refractive
index of the material of the prism?
30. A diver under water looks obliquely at a fisherman standing on the bank of a lake.
Would the fisherman look taller or shorter to the diver than what he actually is?
31. What is difference between reflecting and refracting type telescope?
32. A concave lens is kept in contact with a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. the
combination works as a convex lens of power 2D. Find the power of the concave
lens.
33.Draw a labelled diagram of eye.
34.What is difference between reflecting and refracting type telescope?
35.Draw labelled ray diagram to show the formation of image of an object by
compound microscope.
31
4 Marks questions
1. Prove that for a concave mirror, the radius of curvature is twice its focal
length.
2. Establish mirror formula for a concave mirror. State its sign conventions
used.
3. Establish mirror formula for a convex mirror. State its sign conventions
used.
4. Draw a ray diagram for the image formed by a concave mirror when the
object lies at (i) infinity (ii) centre of curvature (iii) focus.
5. Draw a ray diagram for the image formed by a concave mirror when the
object lies at (i) beyond centre of curvature (ii) between focus and centre of
curvature (iii) between focus and pole.
6. Define magnification. Derive expression for magnification produced by a
concave mirror.
realdepth
7. Deduce the relation:
apparantdepth
8. What is normal shift? Derive relation for it.
9. What is total internal reflection? Write the conditions for total internal
reflection to take place. Give one application of total internal reflection.
10.What is optical fibre? State its principle and give its applications.
11.By stating the sign-conventions and assumptions used, derive the relation
between u, v and R of a convex spherical surface, when refraction takes
place from optically denser to optically rarer medium.
12.By stating the sign-conventions and assumptions used, derive the relation
between u, v and R of a concave spherical surface, when refraction takes
place from optically denser to optically rarer medium.
13.Prove the following formula when refraction takes place at a convex
spherical refracting surface and source of light lies in the rarer medium and
image formed is virtual. Where symbols have their usual
2 1 2 1
v u R
meanings.
14.Prove the following formula when refraction takes place at aconvex
spherical refracting surface and source of light lies in the rarer medium and
image formed is real. Where symbols have their usual
2 1 2 1
v u R
meanings.
1 1 1
15.Derive the lens formula for a convex lens, .
f u v
16.What is power of lens? Why is the power of a lens measured as the
reciprocal of focal length?
17.What is equivalent lens? Obtain an expression for the effective focal length
of two convex lenses placed in contact.
18.State and prove prism formula.
19.Derive the relation for refractive index of material of prism when prism is
placed in minimum deviation position.
20.Prove that for small angle of prism δ=A (μ-1).
21.On what factors does the (i) magnifying power (ii) resolving power and (iii)
light gathering power of a telescope depends?
33
22.What is myopia? What are its causes? Name the type of lens to correct this
defect.
23.What is hypermetropia? What are its causes? Name the type of lens to
correct this defect.
24.With the help of labelled diagram, find the expression for the magnifying
power of a simple microscope.
25.Draw a ray diagram to show the image formed by a Newtonian reflecting
type telescope. Give its two advantages.
26.Verify law of reflection using Huygens’ wave theory.
27.Verify law of refraction using Huygens’ wave theory.
28.What is interference of light? Show that it obeys law of conservation of
energy.
29.What is sustained interference pattern? What conditions must be satisfied
for producing sustain interference pattern?
30.What are coherent sources? Why two independent source of light do not
produce interference pattern?
31.What happens to fringe width under the following operations; (i) slit width
is reduced (ii) distance between screen and slit is reduced (iii)
monochromatic light is replaced by white light (iv) apparatus is immersed in
water?
32.Define resolving power of telescope. On what factors it depends?
33.Define resolving power of microscope. On what factors it depends?
34.Describe an experiment to show that light waves are transverse in nature.
6 Marks questions
1. With the help of a ray diagram, explain the principle, working and
expression for magnifying power of compound microscope.
2. With the help of a ray diagram, explain the principle, working and
expression for magnifying power of telescope.
3. What is rainbow? Differentiate between primary and secondary rainbow
with a diagram. Why two observers do not see the same rainbow?
4. Giving sign conventions and assumptions derive lens maker formula for
convex lens.
5. With the labelled diagram of eye explain the various parts of eye.
6. What do you mean by accommodation of eye? Write the various defects
of vision and their causes. How these defects can be corrected.
7. Draw the course of rays through a compound microscope. Obtain an
expression for the magnifying power of a compound microscope when
image is formed at least distance of distinct vision. How can the
magnifying power be increased?
8. Explain the construction and working of an astronomical telescope.
Calculate its magnifying power when the image is formed at least
distance of distinct vision.
9. Draw a neat labelled ray diagram to show how the image of a distinct
object is formed by an astronomical refracting telescope in normal
adjustment. Obtain an expression for its magnifying power.
10.State principle of superposition of light waves. Derive the conditions for
constructive and destructive interference.
11.Derive the expression for fringe width for young double slit experiment.
12.Explain diffraction at a single slit and derive relation for linear width of
central maxima.
35
UNIT 7
1 Mark questions
1. Sodium and copper have work function 2.3 eV and 4.5 eV respectively.
Then, the ratio of the wavelengths is nearest to : (a) 1:2 (b) 4:1 (c) 2:1 (d) 1:4
2. Check whether the statement given is true or false : The value of Planck’s
constant is 6.62 ×10-34 Js-1.
3. The mass of a photon at rest is __________.
4. For photoelectric emission, tungsten requires light of 2300 Å. If light of
1800 Å wavelength is incident, then emission (a) takes place (b) does not
takes place (c) may or may not takes place (D) depends on intensity.
5. The magnitude of saturation photoelectric current depends upon: (a)
frequency (b) stopping potential (c) work function (d) intensity of light.
6. How many electron volts are there in 1 joule?
7. What is rest mass of photon?
8. Define an electron volt.
9. How many joules make one electron volt?
10. What is photon?
11. On what factor does energy of photon of light depends?
12. What is photoelectric effect?
13. Define threshold wavelength.
14. Define threshold frequency.
15. Why alkali metals are most suited for photoelectric emission?
16. If the wavelength of the incident light is decreased, how does velocity of
photoelectrons change?
17. Does the threshold frequency depend on the intensity of light?
18. Define stopping potential.
19. If the intensity of incident light is doubled, how does the stopping potential
change?
20. If the frequency of the incident light is equal to the threshold frequency,
what will be the value of the stopping potential?
21. What is value of rest mass of photon?
22. Which photon is more energetic: a red one or a violet one?
23. Define work function.
24. Write photoelectric equation.
25. Do non-metals show photoelectric effect?
26. Name two methods of electron emission.
27. Write de-Broglie wave equation.
28. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength of an electron beam accelerated through a
potential difference of 100V?
29. Two metals A and B have work function 2eV, 4eV respectively, which metal
have lower threshold wavelength for photoelectric effect?
30. The work function of cesium is 2eV. What does it mean?
36
31. It is harder to remove free electron from copper tan from sodium. Which
has higher work function?
32. Which photon is more energetic: a red one or a violet one?
33. On what factors stopping potential depends?
34. Give the four properties of photons.
35. On what factors photoelectric current depends?
36. Photoelectric emission is a spontaneous process. Comment.
37. Is photoelectric emission possible at all frequencies? Give reason.
38. If the frequency of the incident radiation on the cathode of a photocell is
doubled, how will the following change: (i) kinetic energy of the electrons, (ii)
photoelectric current.
39. Calculate the energy of a photon in electron volt, whose wavelength is
6600 A .
40. The maximum K.E of electrons emitted by a photocell is 3eV, what is the
stopping potential?
41. What is the momentum of an electron beam of wavelength 4 A ?
4 Marks questions
UNIT 8
1 Mark questions
1. When an electron jums from the fourth orbit to the second orbit, one gets
the (a) second line of Paschen series (b) second line of Lyman series (c)
second line of Balmer series (d) first line Pfund series.
2. The minimum wavelength of the X-rays produced by electrons accelerated
through a potential difference of V (volt) is directly proportional to (a) (b)
V2 (c) (d)
4 Marks questions
31.The radius of the innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3 ×10-11 m. what
are the radii of the n=2 and n=3 orbits?
32.Obtain the binding energy ( in MeV) of a nitrogen nucleus ( ) given m( )
=14.00307 u, mp =1.007825 u, mn=1.008665 u.
40
UNIT 9
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
1 Mark questions
1. The energy gap is maximum in : (a) metals (b) superconductors (c) insulator
(d) none of those.
2. To obtain a p-type germanium semiconductor, it must be doped with (a)
arsenic (b) antimony (c) indium (d) phosphorus.
3. To use a transistor as an amplifier (common base configuration) the
emitter base junction is ________ biased and collector base junction is
__________ biased.
4. Check whether the given statement is true or false: diode is used as an
amplifier.
5. In the binary number system, 111 represents _________.
6. In Boolean algebra, y=A.B implies (a) y equals A and B (b) y equals A or B (c)
y equals product of A and B (d) y equals neither A nor B.
7. Why crystalline solids have sharp melting points?
8. What is valence band?
9. What is conduction band?
10.Define forbidden energy gap in solids.
11.What is Fermi energy level?
12.Why semiconductors are doped?
13.What is hole?
14.Doping of germanium with indium leads to which type of semiconductor?
15.What is electron mobility?
16.What is an extrinsic semiconductor?
17.Draw energy band diagram for an n-type extrinsic semiconductor.
18.Draw energy band diagram for a p-type extrinsic semiconductor.
19.How does conductivity of semiconductor change with rise in temperature?
20.What do you understand by potential barrier?
21.What is depletion region in a p-n junction?
22.What is effect on width of depletion layer when p-n junction is forward
biased?
23.What is effect on resistance of a p-n junction when it is reverse biased?
24.Draw a circuit diagram of a p-n junction with forward bias.
25.Draw a circuit diagram of a p-n junction with reverse bias.
26.What is zener diode?
27.What is zener break down?
28.What are photodiodes?
29.What is light emitting diodes?
30.What is solar cell?
31.What is relation between current gains α and β?
32.Define transconductance of a transistor.
33.Convert number 37 into binary number system.
34.What is logic gate?
35.What is truth table of a logic gate?
36.What is Boolean expression?
41
2 Marks questions
4 Marks questions
Unit 10
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
1 Marks questions
1. What is the cause of Greenhouse effect? (a) infra-red rays (b) ultraviolet rays (c) X-
rays (d) radio waves.
2. Ozone layer is present in (a) ionosphere (b) stratosphere (c) ionosphere (d)
mesosphere.
3. Optical fibres is based on the principle of _______________.
4. Frequencies in the UHF range normally propagate by means of ground waves. True
or false
5. Which of the following frequencies will be suitable for beyond the horizon
communication using sky waves? (a) 10 kHz (b) 10 MHz (c) 1 GHz (d) 1000 GHz.
6. Frequencies in the UHF range normally propogate by means of (a) ground waves (b)
sky waves (c) surface waves (d) space waves.
7. Which of the following is not transducer? (a) loudspeaker (b) amplifier (c)
microphone (d) all of these.
8. The number of geostationary satellites needed for uninterrupted global coverage is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2.
9. Short wave bands are used for transmission of radio waves to a large distance. True
or false.
10.What are the elements of communication system?
11.Draw a block diagram of communication system.
12.What is transducer?
13.What do you mean by attenuation?
14.What do you mean by bandwidth?
15.What do you mean by modulation?
16.Draw the block diagram of a transmitter.
17.Draw a block diagram of a receiver.
2 Marks questions
10+2
Aman’s transformer whose efficiency is 90% draws 5 A, when 200 V is applied to its primary coil.
Find the current in secondary coil, if output is drawn at 300 V, the number of turns in the
secondary coil.
21. Explain the use of slide wire bridge to measure unknown resistance.
Or
A parallel combination of three resistors takes a current of 7.5 A from a 30 V supply. If the two
resistors are 10 ohms and 12 ohm find the third one.
22. Write the main postulates of Rutherford’s atomic model and the cause of failure of this model.
23. Explain the working of transistor as switch.
24. (a) Electric field is always at right angle to equipotential surfaces. Why?
(b) Derive the expression for potential energy when an electric dipole is placed inside uniform
electric field. Under what condition these are maximum and minimum.
Or
(a) Define dielectric strength of the medium.
(b) Give the principle, construction and working of Vande Graff generator.
25. (a) State principle of superposition of light waves.
(b) Derive the conditions for constructive and destructive interference. Derive the expression for
fringe width for young double slit experiment.
Or
(a) What is normal adjustment in telescope?
(b) With the help of a ray diagram, explain the principle, working and expression for magnifying
power of compound microscope.
26. (a) Give the principle construction and working theory of a cyclotron.
(b) Why it is not suitable for accelerating electrons and neutrons?
Or
(a) Give five differences between dia-, para-, and Ferro- magnetic substances.
(b) Sketch the hysteresis loops for soft iron and hard steel. what do you infer about these
materials from their hysteresis loops?
47
B
Y’
table
15. Calculate the length of half wave dipole antenna at 60 MHz
16. What is shunt? Give its two uses?
17. Derive expression for impedance and phase angle when a.c. is applied to the circuit containing
LR.
Or
48
Find the capacitive reactance of a 10 µF capacitor at 1000 cycle s-1. Calculate the inductance
required to produce series resonance with the capacitor at this frequency.
18. Three capacitors of capacitance C1,C2,C3 are connected in (i) series (ii) parallel. Find the
expression for resultant capacitance
19. Explain one use of potentiometer with the help of proper diagram.
20. (a) If the frequency of the incident radiation on the cathode of a photocell is doubled, how will
the following change: (i) kinetic energy of the electrons, (ii) photoelectric current.
(b) What do you understand by phrase ‘dual nature of radiation’?
21. Give four differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions?
Or
Calculate the (i) mass defect (ii) binding energy per nucleon for a 6 C 12 nucleus. Nuclear mass of