UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

ASSIGNMENT 1
SEMESTER II
SESSION 2014/15

COURSE NAME : HYDROLOGY

NAME : MUHAMAD HANIS B. HANAPIAH

(CF140132)

LECTURER : SABARIAH MUSA

COURSE CODE : BFC 32002

SECTION : S1

DATE : 30 APRIL 2015

MARK :
 FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSIEN ON MALAYSIA

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 1

BFC 32002 -SECTION 1/3

HYDROLOGY
Semester II session 2014/2015

Assignment 1:

Find out a journal/ international journal was covers of your hydrology syllabus.

1. Summary your journal to simple report.

2. Simple report were consists of these item:
1. Evidence article
2. Pictures/ graphic / data / chart
3. Comment and give your ideas
4. Simple report written not more than 3 pages included texts and figures,
tables or graphs.

Marks:

This task will be evaluated based on student’s understanding and ability to summarize the
complicated journal to simple report. Marks were given as following items:

1. Evidence journal / article

2. Title
3. Introduction
4. Methods and Materials
5. Comments
6. Figure or Graphics
7. Conclusion
8. Smart task – standard cover, binding, typing.
 1. Title:

Trends in Peninsular Malaysia Rainfall Data during the Southwest Monsoon and
Northeast Monsoon Seasons: 1975–2004

2. Introduction:

This journal is about a study intends to provide a trend analysis of the behaviour
of seasonal rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia over the past 30 years. This includes giving
details of the spatial description of several rainfall indices such as the total amount of
rainfall, frequency of wet days, rainfall intensity, and the extreme indices that have been
considered in the study. The impact of El Nino on 1997 have raised concern in researches
on the behaviour of daily rainfall such as the frequency of wet days, the mean intensity of
rain during wet days, the mean amount for extreme events, and the mean lengths of wet
and dry spells, which have gradually changed over the years, possibly due to global
climatic change.

3. Methods and materials:

Based on this journal, the daily rainfall data from 30 rain gauge stations were
obtained from the Malaysian Meteorology Department and Drainage and Irrigation
Department for the period 1975 to 2004.
There are four type of test were conducted to get the data of the homogeneity of
the rainfall. The standard normal homogeneity test, Buishand range test, Pettitt test, and
Von Neumann ratio test are the four homogeneity tests that were applied.
The nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test has been applied to
identify whether monotonic trends exist in hydro-meteorological data such as
temperature, rainfall and stream flow.
Indices used in this study, were designed to capture changes in a variety of
aspects of the rainfall distribution.
 4. Figure or graphics

Physical map indicating 30 stations. Rainfal indices.

List of the thirty stations according to the four regions.

 5. Conclusion:

As a conclusion, these studies achieve their objective. The analysis of a 30 year

record from 30 rain gauges showed that, in general, significant trends in five rainfall
indices were successfully observed at several stations. The total amount of rainfall was
found to have decreased insignificantly at most of the stations during the Southwest
Monsoon period. In contrast, an increasing trend in the total amount of rainfall was
detected during the Northeast Monsoon season, with a total of six stations indicating
significant trends. Besides, the frequency of wet days was also observed to have
increased significantly at a few stations especially in the eastern and western regions.
However in terms of rainfall intensity, both seasons showed significant increasing trends
at a few stations scattered across the region despite the different results obtained.
For extreme rainfall indices, large numbers of significant decreasing trends in extreme
frequency were observed over the Peninsula for both seasons, but a smaller number of
significant trends in extreme intensity were observed. Besides, the frequency of wet days
was also observed to have increased significantly at a few stations especially in the
eastern and western regions.

6. Comments:

In my opinion, the study of trends in Peninsular Malaysia Rainfall Data during the
Southwest Monsoon and Northeast Monsoon Seasons should be done continuously. It
was also better if the study of rainfall trends can be done at Sabah and Sarawak. This is
because, it will help the government to take precautionary measures to make the public
aware of the changes in climate event in Malaysia. Furthermore, this study can provide
some information to the government on water management and for predicting future
climatic events.