Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Chapter 1: [DOCUMENT TITLE]

“The Drainage System in Bula: Basis for the development of a Flood Program”

Introduction:

All projects are planned for the future. And the planner is uncertain as to the precise conditions

to which the works will be subjected. The structural engineer knows the intended loads for the structure

but has no assurance that these loads will not be exceeded. He or she does not know what wind or

earthquake loads may be exerted on the structure but the uncertainty is countered by making

reasonable assumptions and allowing generous factor of safety. Likewise, the water resources engineer

is less certain on the flow that will affect the project. The hydrologic uncertainties are by no means the

only ones in hydraulic design-future requirement, benefits, and costs are all uncertain to some degree.

Those uncertainties are affected by natural calamity and the major flood is one of the most influential

factors to be considered. Engineers have tried to invent ways to minimize the drainage that flood can

cause, and much progress has been made in reducing their hazards.

Of all Natural calamities that beset humanity, major flood is one of the most destructive

phenomena. Humanity has always tried to avoid damage by one method or another, but increase in

population and property values in flood-threatened and has brought the problem into sharper focus in

recent years. One can help to fight a fire, earthquake reconstruction can start quickly, typhoons passes

and cause a great damage but life settles back to normal routine. But to see a great river burst through

its bank and floodwater creeping over higher and higher with nothing to be done until the peak is pass,

these tries the endurance of even the most stoic among men.

Drainage System is one of the most important aspects to be considered in engineering works

nowadays. This is an effective system to eliminate the problem of flood in such area during rainy

BERMIDO, LESTER AVE D., HUGO, JOHN HARVEY C. JACOB, JAMES HAROLD P.,
PETALIO, RUSELE H., PILI, MARK NELSON C.
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

[DOCUMENT
seasons. The design of storm water drainage TITLE]
system most is effectively planned and well-constructed so

that people where there is frequent flooding can protect their properties belongings and businesses.

Drainage system is not a new technology to us because even in the earliest age, man has always

a premium on sewage management and drainage system. The principle of waste management was

always “let flowing water take their course”.

In cities, storm water is usually collected in the streets and conveyed through inlets to bury

conduct that carry it to a point where may be used to convey the storm water to a point of disposal as

close to its source as possible. The engineer’s way of mitigating flood is through the construction of

drainage system by looking at the topography of excess water by canals, drains, ditches, culvert, and

other structures to collect and transform water either by gravity or by pumping.

The Municipality of Bula is one of the low lying lands in the Philippines. Most of its lands has

very low elevation which is approximately 11.8 meters (38.7 feet) above sea level and these lands are

frequently flooded when typhoons and heavy rains occurs particularly the poblacion area which is prone

to flooding during rainy seasons. Even though that there’s an existing drainage system, people from the

area is always claiming that the design is poor and cannot sustain to drain the flood easily.

The municipality if Bula was one of the most affected areas during the super typhoon “Rolly”

which hit Bicol region last October 2020. This typhoon brought heavy rains and accompanied with a very

strong wind that destroy some establishments, properties and some newly constructed roads in the

municipality of Bula. Many residents were affected by this typhoon; the flood caused by the typhoon

was the main hindrance to the residents in their transactions. The passenger vehicles can’t directly pass

on poblacion area roads because it’s submerged with flood that takes 5-8 days before the water will

totally subside.

BERMIDO, LESTER AVE D., HUGO, JOHN HARVEY C. JACOB, JAMES HAROLD P.,
PETALIO, RUSELE H., PILI, MARK NELSON C.
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

The situation of the existing storm [DOCUMENT TITLE]

drainage system caught the attention of the researchers that

got very much interested in determining the condition of drainage system in Bula in order this to

rehabilitate as perceive respondents they conducted the study. People may never be able to prevent

floods completely but can do certain measures to take them control and lessen the amount of damage

they can cause.

Objectives:

This research paper seeks to achieve its general objective of improving the drainage system in
Poblacion Bula by focusing on the following specific objectives:

1. To determine the condition of the existing drainage system of Poblacion Bula.

2. To design the drainage system to solve storm flood problems.

3. To determine the cost of the newly improved drainage system.

Research Questions and or Hypothesis:

The research will be conducted in order to design an Improved drainage system in Poblacion are
of Bula Camarines Sur. This particular study aimed to answer the following questions:

1.) What is the condition of the existing drainage system in Poblacion bula in terms of;
 Runoff/Discharge
 Dimension of Drainage conveyance
 Disrupting elements (i.e.; garbage, silt, damaged portion of drainage system)

2.) What is the design of the improved drainage system?

3.) What is the cost of improving the drainage system?

BERMIDO, LESTER AVE D., HUGO, JOHN HARVEY C. JACOB, JAMES HAROLD P.,
PETALIO, RUSELE H., PILI, MARK NELSON C.
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Assumptions: [DOCUMENT TITLE]

1.) That the condition of drainage system in poblacion area of Bula in terms of:

 Runoff/Discharge is too slow to flow that it takes time to subside the flood.

 The dimension of the drainage conveyance is narrow.

 There is a lot off silt and garbage stacked in the drainage system.

2.) The design of the improved drainage system is simple.

3.) The cost of improving the drainage system will be

Significance of the study:

The result of the study will benefit the following:

Government – This study will serve as a reference or guide for the future projects that they will propose

in improving the drainage system in Poblacion Bula.

Business Community – Through efficient drainage system there will be continuous operation of business

and there will be no things, equipment, and properties that will be damaged by the flood.

Community – the residents will be safe and their lives will not be disrupted whenever there is a storm

that cause floods.

Students – There are two schools in Poblacion are in Bula, the Bula central school and Bula parochial

school. Conducting this study will prevent the disruption of classes due to storm water flood.

Engineers – This study will be their basis if they’ll planning in improving the drainage system in

Poblacion area of Bula.

Researchers – This study will be their guide if they’re planning in doing a research the same as this

research but different location

BERMIDO, LESTER AVE D., HUGO, JOHN HARVEY C. JACOB, JAMES HAROLD P.,
PETALIO, RUSELE H., PILI, MARK NELSON C.
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Scope and Delimitations: [DOCUMENT TITLE]

The researchers Focused on the drainage problem in the municipality of Bula that causes

frequent flooding during storm along the streets and roads and in areas where most affected by flood

and improving its drainage system in the Poblacion are of Bula with a total land area of 838 hectares

with a population of 4446. There are 2 barangays that are included in the poblacion are of bula namely

San Roque Poblacion with a land area of 380 hectares with a population of 3112. Salvacion Poblacion

with a land area of 458 hectares and with a population of 1334. The population stated herein was based

on the Philippine census 2021.

Definition of Terms

Canal. An artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey

water for irrigation. (Oxford Languages)

Phenomena. a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or
explanation

is in question. (Oxford Languages)

Mitigating. having the effect of making something bad less severe, serious, or painful. (Oxford Languages)

Inlets. an indentation of a shoreline, usually long and narrow, such as a small bay or arm, that often

leads to an enclosed body of salt water, such as a sound, bay, lagoon, or marsh. (Meriam Webster)

Hindrance. a thing that provides resistance, delay, or obstruction to something or someone.

Topography. a detailed description or representation on a map of the natural and artificial features of
an area.

Stoic. a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining.

Ditches. a narrow channel dug in the ground, typically used for drainage alongside a road or the edge of
a field.

BERMIDO, LESTER AVE D., HUGO, JOHN HARVEY C. JACOB, JAMES HAROLD P.,
PETALIO, RUSELE H., PILI, MARK NELSON C.
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

[DOCUMENT TITLE]

End Notes.

Bula, Camarines Sur Profile – PhilAtlas. (1960, February 15). Philatlas.

https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r05/camarines-sur/bula.html

April 10, & Denchak, 2019 M. (n.d.). Flooding and Climate Change: Everything You Need to

Know. NRDC. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/flooding-and-climate-change-everything-you-need-

know#:~:text=Flooding%20also%20brings%20contamination%20and%20disease.

%20Floodwaters%20can

8-1 Reducing Damage from Localized Flooding: A Guide for Communities Drainage

Improvements. (n.d.). Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.fema.gov/pdf/fima/FEMA511-

09-ChaptFlood Causes and Effects with Control Measures. (2020, September 14). Earth

Reminder. https://www.earthreminder.com/flood-causes-and-effects-with-control-

measures/er8.pdf

Flood Causes and Effects with Control Measures. (2020, September 14). Earth Reminder.

https://www.earthreminder.com/flood-causes-and-effects-with-control-measures/

‌ Bula, Camarines Sur Profile – PhilAtlas. (n.d.). Www.philatlas.com. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from

https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r05/camarines-sur/bula.html

BERMIDO, LESTER AVE D., HUGO, JOHN HARVEY C. JACOB, JAMES HAROLD P.,
PETALIO, RUSELE H., PILI, MARK NELSON C.
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

[DOCUMENT
CHAPTER 2 TITLE]

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Literatures and studies which have relevance to the presented study were reviewed and
presented in this section. These were culled from books, journals, magazines and unpublished materials
like thesis.

Flood Menace

Flood occurrences cannot be avoided, as it is not just manmade but consequences of nature’s
abundance of water through the rain. The on-rush of flood cannot be prevented or controlled, but the
state can always provide the necessary construction of dikes, channels and flood controls devices which
would divert the rush of water to a larger basin like the oceans as it is in most European countries
(Benjamin Robinson, 1995)

A flood is the inundation of normally dry land resulting from the rising and overflowing of a body
of water. The effects of floods, both beneficial and destructive, have been recorded for at least 500
years saving as the basis for myth], religious beliefs and scientific study (Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia)

SYNTHESIS OF THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

ED NOTES

BERMIDO, LESTER AVE D., HUGO, JOHN HARVEY C. JACOB, JAMES HAROLD P.,
PETALIO, RUSELE H., PILI, MARK NELSON C.