MODULE LI

FEANDWORKSOFRI
ZAL

CHAPTER10:
RI
ZAL’
SANNOTATI
ONOFANTONI
OMORGA’
S
“
SUCESOSDELASI
SLAFI
LIPI
NA”ANDPHI
LIPPI
NENATI
ONALI
SM

LearningOut comes :
a.
)Anal yzeRizal’
sideasonhowt orewrit
ePhili
ppinehi
storyb.)
Compar eandc ontrastRiz
alandMor ga’
sdiff
erentvi
ews
aboutFilipinosandPhi li
ppineculture.
c.
)Interpretviewsandopi nionsaboutbayani andkabayanihani
n
thec ontextofPhi l
ippi
nehi stor
yands oc
iety.

TheAssoc
iat
ionInter
nat
ional
e-desPhi
lippi
nis
tesshowedhow Ri
zalwant
edt
o
s
tudyhi
stor
yasacoherentwhol
eextendi
ngbeforetheconques
toft
hepresent
.
Rizals
t r
ivetoes t
abl
ishthattheFil
ipi
nocouldbeproudofthepre-c
onquestpast.
Rizalpr
esentedanout li
neperiodizati
onofthePhi l
ippi
nehist
oryt otheAssoci
ation,
hopingthatc ouldc onveneac onferenceofEuropeanPhili
ppinol
ogis
tsinParis.The
formati
onofAs sociati
onInter
nationaledesPhi
li
ppinist
esshowedhowRi zalwantedto
studyhi
storyasac oherentwhole.

Ri
zal
’sAnnot
ati
onPr
evi
ew

Ri
zal
’sannotati
onofAnt oniodeMor ga’
s“Sucesosdel asIsl
asFi l
ipi
nas”Dr .Rizal
comment sthatthePhili
ppinesofhisti
mewasnobet tert hatthepr e-Hi
spanic
Phil
ippi
nes.Hes aysitcouldhavedevelopedoni tsowni ntosomet hinggreat.
Accordi
ngtoRizal
,Fi
li
pinoshasasyst
emofwr i
ting,
anadvancedknowl edgeof

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 MODULE LI
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met al
lurgyandas hi
p- buildingindus tr
y. Rizalknewt hattheSpaniardswoul dn’tl
ike
hiswor kwit hitbei ngbannedi nt hePhilippines .
Ri
zal’
sannot ationofAnt oniodeMor ga’
sSuc esosdel asIsl
aFili
pinas”However,thewor ks
fi
rstcri
t i
cishi sfriendBl ument ri
t t
.Inhisintr oducti
onf orthebook,hec i
tedhi ndsi
ght
andant icl
ericalis
m asf ataldef ectsinapur elys c
holarlywork.Rizalusedhistoryasa
propagandaweapon.I twasdeemedt oomuc hpr opagandaf orhistor
iansandt oo
hist
oricalfropr opagandi st
s .Byr ecreati
ngt hepr oudpr e-
Hispanicci
vili
zati
on,Ri z
al’
s
Morgahads ett het onef orPhi l
ippinehistori
ogr aphyandFi l
ipi
noidenti
ty.

Dr
.Jos
eRi
zal
’sAnnot
ati
ont
oMor
ga’
s1609Phi
li
ppi
neHi
stor
y
Aus
tinCr
aig,
anearl
ybiogr
apherofRi
zalt
rans
latedint
oEngli
shs omeoft
he
mor
eimport
antofRi
zal
’st
ransl
ati
onofMorga’
sSucesosdelasFi
li
pinas.

Her
eist
heEngl
ishTr
ans
lat
ion:
TotheFil
ipi
nos:InNol iMeTanger e(“TheSocialCancer”
)Istar
tedtos ketchthe
presentstateofournat iveland.Butt heeffectwhichmyef f
ortproducedmademe
real
izethat,bef
oreattemptingt ounrollbef
orey oureyestheotherpic
tureswhi chwere
tofoll
ow,itwasnec es
s ar
yfirsttopostyouont hepast.Soonlycanyouf ai
rl
yj udgethe
presentandes t
imatehowmuc hprogresshasbeenmadedur ingthethreecent ur
ies(
of
Spanishrule)
.
Likeal mos tal
lofyou,Iwasbor nandbr oughtupini gnoranceofourc ountr
y’s
pastands o,wi thoutknowl edgeoraut horit
yt ospeakofwhatInei thers aw norhave
studied,Ideem i tnecessaryt oquotet hetesti
monyofani l
lustriousSpani ardwhoi nt he
beginningoft henewer ac ontroll
edt hedes ti
niesofthePhilippinesandhadper sonal
knowl edgeofouranc i
entnat i
onalityi nitslastdays.Iti st hen thes hadeofour
ances t
or ’
scivil
izati
onwhi c
ht heauthorwi l
lcallbefor
eyou.Ifthewor ks ervest oawaken
i
nyouc onsciousnessofourpas t,andt oblotfrom yourmemor yort or ecti
fywhathas
beenf alsi
fiedori scalumny, thenIs hallnothavelaboredi
nvai n.Withthispr eparati
on,
sl
ightt houghi tmaybe, wec anallpasst othestudyofthef
ut ure.
J
oseRi
zal(
Pos
ted,
Feb.
28,
2012underGener
alHi
stor
y)Eur
ope,
1889

ACr
iti
queonMor
ga’
sAnnot
atedBook
AntoniodeMor ga’
sSucesosdel asIsl
aFilipi
nasoriginalbookwasrar
e. Ac
cordi
ngto
Ferdi
nandBl ument ri
tt“t
hereareaf ewl i
brari
est hathaveac opyofthebookandguar dit
thesamec aret heywouldanIncatreasure”.Morgawasal ayman, notar
eli
giouschr
onicl
er,
perhapsMor gac anbemor e“
object
ive”thanther eli
giouswriterthat

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mi ghtincludemys ticism ormi racul

ouss tori
es;Mor gawasmor es ympat het
ictot he
Indio,andl ast
ly,hewasnotaneyewi tnes sbutamaj orac torintheevent shenarr at
es .
Ant oni
oMor gaSanc hezGar aywasborni n1559i nSevi lle,Spain.Hegr aduatedfrom t he
Uni ver
sit
yofSal amanc ai n1574andr ec eivedadoc toratei ncanonl aw in1578.He
j
oinedt hegover nments ervic
ein1580.I n1598, her esi
gnedasal i
eutenantgover nort o
ass umetheof ficeofoi dor,orjudge,i
nt henewl yre-es t
abl i
shedAudi enc iaofManila.His
wor k,whichnar ratedt heSpani shcoloni al i
smi nt hePhi lippi
nesbas edonhi spar t l
y
doc umentar yresearc h,keenobs er
vati
on, andper sonalinvol vementandknowl edgeasa
highof f
ici
alint hec ount r
y.
J
oseRizalyMer cadoannotatedAntoni
odeMor ga’
sSucesosdel
asIsl
asFi
li
pinas
todemonstr
atethatthenat i
veculturewasnotinf
eri
ortoanythi
ngandFil
ipi
nosshould
notbeashamedofit,
c ontrar
ytocommonSpani shcomment s
.

FI
LIPI
NONATI
ONALI
SM
Fil
ipino national
ism began wit
h an ups ur ge ofpatrioti
cs enti
ments and
nationali
sticideal
si nthe1800sPhil
ippi
nest hatcameasac onsequenceofmor ethan
threec enturiesofSpani shrul
e.Thi
ss ervedast hebac kboneoft hefi
renati
onalis
t
revoluti
oni nAs i
a,thePhili
ppi
neRevolut
inof1896. Thesenati
onal i
sti
csenti
mentshave
ledt oawi de-rangingc ampai
gnforpol i
tic
al,social,andeconomi cfreedom i
nt he
Phili
ppines.

BAYANIANDKABAYANI
HANI
NTHECONTEXTOFSOCI
ETYFi
ve(
5)
Fac
tor
sThatLedt
otheDevel
opmentofFi
li
pinoNat
ional
ism
Therevol uti
oni nEur opeandLat inAmer i
ca(openedt hePhi l
ippinesto
i
nter nationaltrade)
Theris
eofaMi ddl
eCl assfromwhi chcamet he“Il
us tr
ado”orel itest
hats oon
becamet hemai nagi tatorsagai
nsttheSpanishRegi me.
Thebur eauc raticc
ent rali
zedgovernmentes tabl
ishedi nMani l
ac ausedwi despread
di
scont enti ntheent irearchi
pelago.
Theexec utionoft heGOMBURZAbec ameas parkamongt heeduc at
edIlust r
ados.
ThePropagandaMovement( 1872-1892)cal
ledfort heassimilationofthe
Phi
lippinesasapr ovinceofSpainsothatthesamel awswi llbeappliedi nthe
Phi
lippinesandt hatt heinhabit
antsofthePhilippineswillexperiencet hesame
ci
villibertiesandr ightsasthatofaSpanis hc
itizen.

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TheConc
eptof“
Bayani
”and“
Kabayani
han”t
heCont
extofPr
esentPhi
li
ppi
neSoc
iet
y.
Angisangbayani(hero)ayi sangtaongmayr oonkabayani
han( heroi
sm)atmayr oon
kaugnayans apagigi
ngmagi ti
ngomat apang.Sami tol
ohiya(
myt hology)atkwent ong-
bayangGr i
yego,angi s
angbayaniayor ihinalnai sangdemi-di
yos( demi-god)
,naang
kult
oayangpagi gingisas apinakat
angi-t
angi ngmgat ampokngs inaunangreli
hiyonng
Gresya.Angi s
angdemi -diyosayanganaknal al
akiobabaengi s
angmagul angna
mortal,naangi sanghal imbawaays iHer kules(Hercul
es)angnal al
akingr eynang
mortalnas iAlc
meneatangdi yossiZeus.Sapagl aon,angsali
tangbayaniaynaggi ng
tumutukoynas amgas ikatnat aosali
punan.
Herei
sanunc utvers
ionofaRi zal
istwhosetalki
sabouther
o(bayani
)and
her
ois
m(kabayani
)incont
extofourpr
esentsoci
etyandc
ult
ure.
Phys
iol
ogicalandsecur
ityneedsar
eequatedtoFili
pinofamil
ism andreci
proci
ty,
Sel
f-Est
eem needsac c
ordi
ngt otheFi
li
pinoaremetbySoc ialMobil
ity(nowonder),
andSelf
-Actuali
zati
onismetbytheconceptofPagkabayani
orHeroism.Inter
esti
ng.
Theul
ti
mat
eFi
li
pinogoali
stobea“
bayani
”orher
othatmakess
ens
e.
Someofusknow her oesar epeopl ewhos acrif
iceforot hers.Buther oesi nt he
Fili
pinoc ontext,inpr acti
c e,ar equi tedi f
ferent.i tseemst hatFi l
ipinoss eeher oesas
whatwar l
ordsar e–peopl ewhoar er espected,pamper ed,praised,flattered,s er ved,
etc.,simplybec auset heyar e.Goi ngbac kt oanot heropinion,Fi l
ipinoswantt obe
treatedl i
keki ngswi thoutdoi nganyt hingt omer itit
.InTagal og,itisc all
edt ukana
wal angkayod( orpeckwi thoutwor k,t akenf rom t hesaying,is
angkayod,i sangt ukaor
oneuni tofwor d, onepec kt of eedones elf)
;s i
mpl yput ,r
ewar dwi t
houtwor k.I
ndeed, we
haveal wayss ai dthemooc herment alit
yofFi l
ipinosisoneoft hes eriousobs t
ac lesto
impr ovementofours oc i
ety. Buti naddi ti
ont othisourc onceptofher oesi sal sotwi sted,
bec ausemooc hersc l
ingt opeopl ewhoar e“ heroes ”tothem,whi let heyt hems elves,
vainly,feelli
keher oesbys tickingtos uch“ heroes.”Perhapsther ealnat ionalher ooft he
Philippi
nes ,i
fwebas eitont hisobs ervat i
on,isJuanTamad.
Thisideamaybeodi oust os ome,butamong those who woul
ds elf
-actual
ize
accordingtotheFili
pinoc onc
eptwoul dbedrugl
ords.Theyfi
tthedescr
ipti
onofbei ng
revered.Skept
ical?Justrecal
lthepi c
tur
esspr
eadaroundawhi l
ebackofthefuneralof
theslaindruglordni
c knamedJ aguar.
Criminalsbeingr everedi nt hePhili
ppi
ne?I ts eemst os howi nthemovieswel oved
before,li
keNar dongPut ik,BoyNegr oandAs i
ongSal onga.Moviesaboutpol i
ceoffic
ers
ands oldi
ersseem t opalei nc ompar i
son.Fi
lipinosac tuall
ylikelawbreakers.Thismight
bewhys ome“ socialmedi ainfluencers”ar
ec ryingf oulwhenas uspect
eddr ugdealeris
ki
lled,butseemi nglynotwhenapol iceoff
iceriskilledintryingtocatchthedr ugdealer
.
Thus,itisnotf arf
et chedt hatpeopl ewemayr ever s
eas“ heroes”mayac tuallybehind
ki
lli
ngsi nsoci
et y.

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Ahyes,“s
oc i
almediainfl
uenc
ers”whoatt
ackpeopl
ewi thsensi
bleideai
nst
eadof
comingupwi thsensi
bleideasofthei
rown.Andthatpic
tureofpeopleinthest
reet
s
holdi
ngpl
acardsands houti
ngatthetopoft
heirl
ungsdecryi
ngsomeone.Somepeopl
e
feelt
hatt
hisisvali
dheroism.
Butwhati fyouar enotaher oors omeoner evered?Thent hel i
kel
ys ommentf rom
othersis,“Nakakahi yaka(You’res hamef ul)
!”Fili
pinosareintos hamingot herssince
theyhaveac ompul s
iontoassertc lassdomi nanc eovertheothers(soci
almobilit
yast he
wayt omeets elf
-est
eemneeds )
. And, asoures t
eemedwebmas terBenign0alwayssays,
itisaculturalhobble.Ithobblesusf rom reali
zi
ngwhatwehavet ochangeandi nstead
wekeept hec auseofourpr oblems .Asar esult,wear efri
edinourownoi l
.Buti tmay
alsoservet okeept hes oci
etys ervile,sinceifones anemi ndmayr ef
usetowor s
hipa
“hero,
”thes ycophantsaroundmaybeus edt ovili
fyhim.Ahyes ,what“ soci
almedi a
infl
uencers”mayac t
uallybedoing.
I
nthewes t
ernori
ent
ati
on,workiswor kandpers
onallif
eisper
sonalli
fe:nevermix
thetwo.Ast
heac t
ionmovi
elinegoes,
“tr
abaholang,walangper
sonalan,
”Wheny ouare
aleaderatworkissuchpalc
es,thatdoesnotmeanyouar ealeaderinlif
e.Because
thosetwoareasaresepar
ateandunr elatedac
cordingtoamor epr ac
tic
alequali
ty-
basedcul
tur
e.
ButinFilipinoc ult
ure,author i
tyisonef i
eldisexpec tedt oc arr
yovert oanot her .A
manageri sexpec tedt omes swi t
hempl oyer
’sper s
onall i
ves .Thear chai
ct radi ti
on
seemst oprevai ltoday–i fonei saleaderi nanor ganization,hei sthoughttoal sobea
leaderinli
fe,out sideoft heor ganiz
at i
on.Wi ththet r
ut habouthowpeopl ear et oday,
thatisli
kelyt ol eadt odisaster.Amanagerc ant el
lt heirs ubordinatetoforgett hei
r
problemsathomebygoi ngt oabeer houseanddr inkingt heni ghtawayormaki ngout
withthepokpokst here.Somet imest hes ubordi
nateisunabl etor ef
us e,
especi
allyi fthe
managerist het ypewhoc an’ttake“NO”f orananswer .Per hapst hemanageri sseenas
a“hero”or“l
or d”int hi
scontext. St
il
lar ecipefordisast
er .
Thi
sisalsoli
kelywhatFilipinosreal
lywantasher
oes-contr
olofothers
.Ifonegoes
thr
ought hewholePinoyManagements li
des
howagain,t
heymi ghtcatchthehintt
hat
theFil
ipinoisallabouttryi
ngt ooutdoanddominateother.Thatsti
llmakesupt he
underl
yingconceptoftheFil
ipinoviewof“her
ois
m.”
Somepeopl esay,wehavet ot eachwhatt hegoodher oesr eallyar
e,sopeopl emay
tr
yt oemul at
eandbel i
ket hem, andt husestabl is
ht hetruemeani ngofheroism. Butf
or
me,t heexaltingofher oesi saf lawedc onc ept .As i
def r
om whatwehaveexpl ai
ned
about,readersofhi st
orywoul dknow how“ her oes”likeAguinal do,DelPilarandLuna
actuall
ysquabbl edandscreweduni ntheend. Ands omewoul dar guethesefigureshad
ult
eriormot i
vesbehindthei rher oism.Perhapst hereareac t
sthatt hesepeopledi dri
ght,
andt husit
’sbettertoexaltt heac tsandnott hepeopl e.Exalt
at i
onofher oesc ouldal
so
beaf ormofinequal i
typerpet uation.

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Soal lthes e,desi

ret obeher oes,t hec ompulsi
ont os hameot her s,thedes i
reto
become above ot hers
,t he compul si
on t o“ wi
n,”we bet terdr op.Bei ng a dec ent
,
contri
but i
ngper sontos oc i
etyisbetter.Heroesar esomethingbet terconf inedt ocomic
books. Wes houldseebei ngaher oasawant ,notaneed. Ofcour se,wes houl dstil
lhonor
afirefi
ghterwhogavehi slif
ewhi l
es avingpeopl efr
om abur ningbui lding,ors omeone
whos hiel
dedpeopl ef rom anamokgunman.Butr eal
ly,her oismi ss omet hingdone
whent hes it
uationcallsf orit,notbec aus
ewewanti t.Also,l etushonorevent he
businesspersonwhopr ovidesjobsf orpeopl e.Theyalsoarec ontributingt os ociet
y,as
ourwebmas terBenignowr ote.
Bei
ngan80’smus i
cfan,I
’l
lconc
ludewi
thf
amouswor
dsf
rom aTi
naTur
nerc
las
sic
.
“
Wedon’tneedanot
herhero!
”

Toknowmoreaboutt
hisChapt
er,pl
eas
eclic
kt helinkbelow:
ht
tps
://
www.youtube.
com/wat
ch?v=diGwds VP-NI
ht
tps
://
www.youtube.
com/wat
ch?v=piFYzYNabmk
ht
tps
://
www.youtube.
com/wat
ch?v=x5tL1jYz-bw

Dr.
MarianoM.
Ari
olaTheLi
feandWor
ksofRi
zal
.Unl
imi
tedBooksLi
brar
ySer
vic
e&Publ
ishi
ng
I
nc.
:2018

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