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July 2015
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The Board paper explaining the high level business drivers justifying the effort and its
importance to the TM Forum is attached in Appendix X. This document is intended to
provide the initial thinking on the technical direction and scope for the Project Team. It
strongly suggested that if the reader is not familiar with the Board paper they read this
first as it sets the stage for this document. This document can be considered Chapter 2
Initial Thoughts on Technical Direction of the initial Board paper.
Primary objective of the DERA is to create a communication device that will allow us to
explain the value of the current TM Forum assets as they apply to Digital Ecosystems.
One of the Forum’s key strengths is the vocabulary of the Business Process and
Information Frameworks. It has been proven out in many different business scenarios
over the last 25 years. It is believed this vocabulary can be enhanced to address the
new challenges of the Digital Ecosystem. The strength of this proven vocabulary should
allow business partner from many business verticals to communicate with a common
understanding.
It is also believed that many of the TM Forum APIs will have value in realizing the Digital
Ecosystem. The APIs are candidate to play at many different layers within the proposed
architecture and as noted in the Board paper there are existing proof points of their
relevance.
It is important to note DERA is not intended to replace Frameworx or the Digital Service
Reference Architecture but represent a natural extension of those works targeted
specifically at the challenges of developing Digital Ecosystems.
Key Tenets:
1. KEEP IT SIMPLE. The overriding objective is to provide a communication
tool for people communicating between business sectors who currently
don’t have any common base. The reference architecture must be simple
enough to grasp and understand within the first 10-15 minutes but
sophisticated and complete enough to address complex business
interactions and also allow a complete mapping of existing TM Forum
assets. This is a very challenging goal should be continually validated as
work progresses.
2. All work will be Business/User scenario driven. It is key that any work
undertaken in DERA have immediate business relevance and value.
3. DERA will be API centric in its concerns as this as key to enabling the
flexibility and speed required by Digital Ecosystems.
4. The project should use catalyst and proof of concept work to validate their
work as soon and as often as possible.
5. The scope and nature of this work is such that working with other
standards organizations will be critical. The team should reuse rather than
create whenever feasible.
There are several key concepts represented on the diagram that will translate into
specific work items for the project team. This document will attempt to provide enough
explanation regarding those concepts to allow the Project Team to sharply focus their
work.
Key Concepts
Infrastructure
o The infrastructure vision is of a virtualized IT oriented infrastructure
with Compute/Storage/Network all being managed as a
coordinated resource. However, the reality is Infrastructure will a
hybrid mix of different technologies for the foreseeable future.
Clean separation of concern between Service and Infrastructure
(represented by the Runs on IaaS solid line in the diagram)
o While this concept has received wide industry endorsement there
needs to be some detailed technical work done to define exactly
what this means and how this manifests itself in the way the
systems will interact and the changes necessary in the APIs to
support this delegation of responsibility.
Well Enabled Service
o A clear separation of the functionality of a service and the
management and control of that service where every service,
including management services have a well-known management
and control interface/capability. (reference DSRA and FMO work in
ZOOM)
Service assembly (represented in the diagram as part of the Uses PaaS
layer)
o The reference architecture must enable assembly of service
components to deliver a complex service. This assembly should be
possible both within a single administration as well as across multi-
administration.
Digital Ecosystem Platform (DEP)
o The DEP is a collection of underlying service required to enable
services to interact with each other and with the infrastructure to
deliver end to end services.
Support of multiple Digital Ecosystem Platforms (represented by the
Service Platform in the diagram)
o The reference architecture should define characteristics necessary
to allow heterogeneous Digital Platforms both within and between
administrations to seamlessly interact, coordinate service delivery
and support flexible business models. These characteristics should
establish the base set of services required for a well enabled
Digital Service Platform and potentially at test suite.
A “backplane” of additional supporting assets on which the ecosystem is
founded
o The backplane is the foundation material that may not actually
manifest directly in a service component but contains the patterns,
methodology, models and governance that allows the services,
platform and infrastructure to interact in a seamless way.
Candidate capabilities candidates provided as examples to clarify
intent:
Governance
Trust
Security & Privacy
Business Process and Information Frameworks
API catalogue
Metrics
Use of policy & orchestration to enable flexibility
o The use of policy and orchestration will be critical to the success of
the Digital Ecosystem. They must be defined in such a way that
Service and Infrastructure policies and orchestration can interact
seamlessly. The differing types of policy will also need to interact,
security, service quality, configuration will need to share
information and concerns. The ability to test and confirm policy and
orchestration interaction needs to be built into the ecosystem
fabric.
Use of dynamic Open APIs and open source services
o Recent catalyst have shown the power and flexibility by enabling
the use of dynamic APIs, DERA should learn from and leverage
Assurance
Usage
Analytics
The DERA work should build on prior work defining well enabled services
and ongoing work in the ZOOM project to develop a concise definition of
a well enabled service and explore the feasibility of developing a
test/certification capability to verify a service is indeed well enabled
service, independent of functionality.
Etc.
1. References
1.1. References
Reference Description Source Brief Use Summary
Project Charter <<PROJECT name>> Project <<summary>>
Charter
Link To Models << Hyperlinks to or location of <<summary>>
associated models>>
<<Reference 1>> <<Type, Title, Number, <<summary>>
Revision, Date>>
<<Reference n>> << Type, Title, Number, <<summary>>
Revision, Date>>
Customer experience analytics, metrics and processes to ensure that the customer remains at the
center of complex business models, drawing on our existing Customer Centricity program
A ‘backplane’ of governance, modular business process and information elements based on
Frameworx
Common components to form the ‘digital bridge’ between partners, including APIs and business
process definitions
Dynamic infrastructure orchestration and management capabilities based on the work of our ZOOM
program
This will structure the TM Forum’s existing work streams into a unified vision for the digital economy.
4. Recommendations
In order to ensure the success of this initiative, we are asking for the Board to:
1. Formally endorse, own and drive this initiative forward.
2. For each Board company to:
a. Provide expert resources to contribute to and lead this vision and work streams relevant to
their business
b. Commit to test, iterate, adopt the architecture, framework and APIs as relevant to their
business
c. Once proven, commit to endorse and require relevant suppliers and partners to adopt the
framework and APIs
3. Set explicit and ambitious KPIs for API adoption and broader adoption of the framework on the
whole organization, including the Board companies (See page 6 for details).
The old era, where the majority of digital services were controlled by the telecommunications sector, is gone.
Popular consumer brands such as Alibaba, Amazon, Apple, Baidu, Facebook, Google and Tencent now play a
central role in the digital experience for users, and are expanding to encompass ever more verticals. To date,
these providers have used last-mile networks in a ‘best efforts’ fashion, limiting the control they have over the
ultimate customer experience. By building a deeper collaboration between ecosystem partners, a new
business model is possible, offering differentiated services with a high quality of experience to the end user
by leveraging all the capabilities of the networks: the “User Defined Network” (as defined by AT&T in 2013).
The combined advantages of universal connectivity (everything/everyone can be connected to
everything/everyone at a very low cost, even on the move) and cloud universal access (scalable, low-cost
compute and storage capacities provided to anyone on the cloud) create many scenarios where traditional
business operations can be decoupled without friction, and traditional businesses can easily be disrupted.
Countless examples across multiple sectors show that it is now a common phenomenon, predicted and clearly
explained by John Hagel III and Marc Singer in a “premonitory” paper in 1999 (“Unbundling the
Corporation”).
This phenomenon impacts the core business activities of communications service providers. Communication,
voice and messaging services have already been dramatically disrupted by so-called “over the top”
applications, which deliver a similar, or enhanced, service with a strong emphasis on user experience. Their
success comes despite offering no Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee and operating under very different
business models (often ‘freemium’ or two-sided, providing a compelling proposal to consumers).
In this new paradigm, the management challenge is shifting from the complexity within a service provider, to
a much more dynamic, open but ultimately complex ‘Internet-of-Everything’ environment. To enable robust
ecosystems, and significant new growth opportunities for our members, a common approach to management
is required. A common framework is needed to bring the benefits of a common language, metrics, information
and process model and APIs that can be easily adopted by device manufacturers, app developers, service
providers and others. It must accelerate and improve the rollout of new business models and services,
enabling a truly flexible and dynamic, end-to-end management capability to ensure the right experience.
In the new digital landscape, partnerships will be the rule and nimble players will have the advantage.
Business processes will cross boundaries between partners who will follow a loosely coupled business
architecture. The partnerships themselves will be complex, with many value relationships between the
parties.
By way of example the emerging digital health vertical involves interactions between patients, medical
services, medical suppliers and insurers as well as the communications service provider who can provide
enabling platform services, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
Whilst the map above has many parties and relationships, it is in fact a simplification of the real ecosystem:
In many cases there will be multiple health services, either state or private sector and the
relationships will need to exist with all of them and it is not commercially viable to recreate them
each time and maintain them in parallel.
Regulatory requirements and interactions are not shown, global enterprises will have to interact
consistently with very different regulatory environments in different territories and treating these on
a case by case basis impedes the ability to scale globally
Medical / Pharmaceutical research adds another overlay of value relationships and is a major
business opportunity for many partners.
There are new ecosystem-to-ecosystem relationships being developed that are not shown here, such
as linking lifestyle data from gyms and personal fitness trackers into health and insurance systems.
A new opportunity for Communications Service Providers
The opportunities for communications service providers in this new paradigm are considerable. As a
horizontal industry, or enabler, communications providers can deliver services that guarantee the end-
to-end experience complex ecosystems demand. However, to seize this opportunity, whilst continuing
their long-term focus on improving internal efficiency and agility (a transformational journey which
the TM Forum has been supporting for many years) they must also establish and manage an increasing
number of simple, agile, external partner relationships.
Attempting to integrate digital service providers with communications providers on a case-by-case
basis simply does not scale, and inhibits growth, as is being demonstrated by Facebook in its
Internet.org initiative, and Microsoft through its experience of retailing Office 365 through
communications service providers. Operators must transform to provide a common edge in order to
thrive in the digital market.
The Forum has extensive experience of enabling business transformation within telecoms operators,
by providing a common language and frameworks to optimize processes and systems across the
business. The current situation has many parallels to that which led to the development of building
blocks of TM Forum’s Frameworx, in the early 2000’s. Today, intra-enterprise complexity is being
replaced by inter-enterprise complexity, and the complexity of end-to-end management of the
customer experience across the different elements of the communications network is being replaced
by the challenge of end-to-end management of the customer experience across all elements of the
digital ecosystem.
TM Forum recognized this change as early as 2013 and within the Open Digital and Agile Business & IT
programs members have started to address the new challenges, and have already created significant
assets, which are already in use today.
The time has come to bring all of these activities together in one unified vision of the industry.
Infrastructure (IaaS)
Figure 3 gives a high level view, which consists of a number of major components:
The top layer, called “service realization”, is where the services are delivered to the customers
and experienced by them. In many Internet of Things (IoT)-based services, the customer may be
another device, or a customer who has very limited interactions with the underlying services.
This layer brings together the whole digital experience, which may be more or less fragmented
depending on the interoperability of the digital ecosystems. Those services are developed and
deployed on top of the underlying digital platforms represented at the middle layer.
The middle layer, called “services platforms” can be understood as an extension of the Platform-
as-a-Service (PaaS) cloud model. It represents the cooperation of multiple ecosystem partners,
and it brings the necessary support functions to develop, deploy and execute digital services.
Examples of the categories of common services within the platform would be: Application
lifecycle management, identity and access management, data analytics, commerce and social and
personal communications. The Services Platform layer is absolutely essential because it shapes
the digital ecosystems. Moreover, digital platform instances will not live in isolation. They will
need to cooperate.
The bottom layer, called “infrastructure”, involves infrastructure providers, which operate
compute, storage, network resources and device management. This includes Cloud
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) providers, but also network operators and device management
platforms. Thanks to software defined networking and network functions virtualization, network
providers should be able to customize on the fly the properties required by applications in the
layers above, and providers have the opportunity to provide a wrapper around the infrastructure
layer to allow it to be simply managed.
The “enabling backplane” provides the common assets, models, governance and definitions to
allow ecosystem partners to interact in a standardized way and share non-functional
management information, such as the metrics and analytics definitions to facilitate a shared
understanding across all parties of end-to-end customer experience. It acts as a “digital bridge”,
providing standardized ways of interacting, including business processes and digital service
management APIs that will become the key building blocks of ecosystem partner interactions
Many existing TM Forum assets provide the foundations for enabling this vision:
Frameworx provides the foundations of the enabling backplane, defining the core business
process application and information models, as well as security and privacy frameworks.
The Customer Centricity program has created a framework of metrics and analytics that allow a
shared consistent measure and understanding of customer experience.
As part of the Open Digital Program, a primary set of concrete APIs definitions for the Services
Platform have been developed and tested. These APIs provide initial coverage of the commerce
area: product ordering API, catalog management API, trouble ticketing API, service level
agreement API, performance management API, customer management API, party management
API, usage API, billing API, product Inventory API, service Inventory API, resource Inventory API.
Reference architectures for both the technical management of the ecosystem interactions – the
Digital Services Reference Architecture (DSRA) and the commercial aspects (B2B2x) – have also
been developed with the Open Digital Program.
The Zero-touch Operations, Orchestration & Management (ZOOM) program is developing many
of the underlying information models and specification for elastic infrastructure and end-to-end
management across the ecosystem.
These assets and reference architectures are in use today, being tested by Catalyst projects in verticals
as diverse as health, utilities and smart cities. The architectures will evolve to become a complete
reference architecture for the entire ecosystem – the Digital Ecosystem Architecture.
By way of example we can consider just a subset of the digital health example shown previously.
In this case the patient is the focus of the service and so plays the role of the customer. Three ecosystem
partners must cooperate to realize the complete service.
The communications provider is providing monitoring and communication with the patient,
which is used by:
o The medical provider to adjust treatment plans based on collected data, and allows them to
collect payment from the insurance provider.
o The insurance provider is able to provide analytics across multiple payments and provides
this data to the medical provider as well as using it internally for risk management.
All three ecosystem partners must exchange patient data, payment data and in a secure way which preserves
patient privacy. The enabling backplane provides standard process definitions, data models, APIs and
security and privacy frameworks to allow this interaction to be rapidly defined and developed. The medical
provider may work with multiple insurance providers, and by using standards based interactions the
interface can be the same and critically, the customer (or in this case patient) experience can be assured
regardless of insurance provider.
Responses to API Adoption Surveys sent in April 2015 to a set of targeted members clearly show early
adoption of APIs. 5 companies out of the 12 companies surveyed indicated early adoption of a number of
APIs:
Furthermore, the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) has also indicated their desire to align their APIs with the TM
Forum API.
Given this early momentum, we propose setting a target to double the number of deployments of these
APIs every six months.