Lesson 8 - Rituals/Ceremonies

Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Describe the rituals, beliefs and ceremonies performed in the country.

Course Materials

A ritual is a ceremony performed in a customary way and also called ceremony.

Ceremonies are religious occasions celebrating a particular event such as a wedding.

Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cj-2WNRTZjA

Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p52ApaWXFE

Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oji2CoOK2NA

Assignment/Activities/Assessment

1. Read: https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-
on-the-arts-sca/dance/rituals-in-philippine-dance/.
2. Present a video clip depicting the different wedding ceremonies in the
Philippines such as Aetas Wedding ceremonies, Bontoc Wedding, Igorots of
Mountain Province, Muslim Wedding and Tagalog Wedding.
3. Critique the different wedding ceremonies.
4. Unit Test
5. Make a Portfolio of Activities.

1
Lesson 9 - Language/Poetry/Literature/Documents

Leasing Outcomes

After the successful completion of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Discuss the language, poetry, literature and important documents produced in the
country.

Course Materials

The Philippines is rich with literature and documents as evidenced by the

Philippine literature and reflects the works of Filipinos based on traditional folktales,
socio-political life of the people in the country as well as the real-life situations.
Read:
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/150aKSYvsmeS1bs9TJyZSUq1ruZnQk
EE3xco2so8ckJA/htmlpresent

Assignment/Activities/Assessment

1. Make a Matrix on the Literature/documents produced in the country and

indicate the following:
Name/Title/Author/Speakers/Features/Publication/Literary Pieces of
Philippine Literature
2. Read: https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Filipino_cuisine
Cite the take-aways from readings.
3. Unit Test
4. Make a Portfolio of Activities.

2
Lesson 10 - Local Cuisine

Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the local cuisine, recipe and its ingredients.

Course Materials

The advent of colonization influenced the different aspects of our life,

economically, socially and culturally. The Asian, Spanish, American, Chinese and
Malays have a strong influence on Filipino cuisine. It can be noted that the Northern
Philippine Cuisine consists of steamed or boiled vegetables and fish while the Central
Philippine Cuisine is known for its spicy food. In the Southern Philippines, dishes are
similar to the Central Philippines Cuisine in the flavor added to food preparation.

Read: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/50-delicious-philippines-
dishes/index.html

Read: https://www.justlanded.com/english/Philippines/Philippines-
Guide/Culture/Local-Filipino-cuisine

Assignment/Activities/Assessment

1. Make a flyer promoting the local cuisine of your respective place and
indicate the Name/Features and Ingredients.
2. Unit Test
3. Make a Portfolio of Activities.

3
Lesson 11 - Beliefs/Healing Arts/ Secret Knowledge

After the successful completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Familiarize with beliefs, healing arts and secret knowledge.

Course Materials

Folk beliefs are known as superstitious beliefs which became part of people’s
value system and culture. These folk beliefs are manifestations of customs and
traditions of the people based on religious beliefs and other popular practices.
Read: https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/superstitions-and-
taboos-many-filipinos-still-believe-in/
Read: https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-
the-arts-sca/architecture-and-allied-arts-2/filipino-building-beliefs/
Read: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159471/

Assignment/Activities/Assessment

1. Make a research on the beliefs/healing arts/secret knowledge. Make a

Matrix and indicate the following:
Features/Process/Advocates/ Proponents/ Healers/ Custodian

2. Unit Test
3. Make a Portfolio of Activities.

4
Lesson 12 - Distinguished Personalities in the Locality

Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Familiarize with the distinguished personalities in the locality in terms of
profession, talents, skills and their outstanding contribution in the community.

Course Materials

There are well-known personalities in the country from different fields of

endeavors. In every town, city or province, there are people who excel in the difference
and become experts in the field. They contributed tremendously to the economic, social,
cultural, political and technological developments in the place. The ultimate
contributions are at par making Filipinos both scholarly and professional leaders in the
field of governance, business, education, information technology, medicine,
engineering, architecture, accountancy, arts, science, sports and the like. The
knowledge, talents and technical skills bring about so many changes in today’s life.
Read: https://www.thefamouspeople.com/philippines.php

Assignment/Activities/Assessment

1. Make a research on the distinguished personalities in your respective

community. Indicate the Name, Birth-Death, Profession/Talent/Skill and
their Outstanding Contribution to the Community. Include the picture of
the person.
2. Unit Test
3. Make a Portfolio of Activities.

5
Lesson 13 Local History

Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Narrate the historical development in terms of inhabitants, political

organization and political transition.

Course Materials
Unit 1 Early Inhabitants

Majority of the Filipinos are of Austronesian descent and are called ethnic
Filipinos. About 8% of all Filipinos of Austronesian descent are tribal peoples. The
aborigines of the Philippines are called Aetas. The largest Filipino groups include
Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Bicolano, Kapampangan, Maranao, Tausug and
Maguindanaon.
According to historians and scientists, the first inhabitants of the Philippine
islands emerged during the Pleistocene period.
The theories that explain as to where the first Filipinos originated are best
explained in the Migration Theory and the Evolution Theory. Otley Beyer believed that
Filipinos descended from different groups of people with distinct culture, customs and
traditions of their own and came from Southeast Asia in successive waves of migration.
Jocano on the other hand believed in the lengthy process of evolution and migration of
Asians including the Filipinos.
Beyer described the first migrants as “Dawnmen '' or “Cavemen” for they lived in
caves. These dawnmen resembled that of Java Man, Peking Man and other Homo
Sapiens. The source of livelihood was mainly on hunting and fishing which explained
further that in search for food they came to the Philippines by way of land bridges that
connected the Philippines and Indonesia. The second group of migrants were
composed of dark-skinned pygmies called the Aetas or Negritoes who crossed the land
bridges from Malaya, Borneo, Australia until reaching Palawan, Mindoro and Mindanao.
These groups of people were good at hunting, fishing and food gathering. Through the
natural phenomenon of melting of ice glaciers, the Aetas remained in the country and
became the first inhabitants.
The third group of migrants were the Indonesians who came to the shores
through boats. They had tools made of stones and steel, were able to build their own

6
houses, engaged in farming and mining. They wore clothing and other ornaments in
the body.
According to Beyer, the last group who migrated and travelled to the country by
boats were the Malays who came from Java, Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula.
The Malays were brown-skinned, of medium eight, with straight black hair and flat
noses. They were engaged in pottery making, weaving, jewelry making, smelting the
metal and they introduced irrigation in farming.
As to Jocano, the fossil evidence made him conclude that the first men who
came to the Philippines also went to New Guinea, Java, Borneo and Australia.
In Tabon Cave of Palawan, a skullcap and a portion of jaw presumed to be of
human origin was found in 1962 and was called Tabon Man. The relics were submitted
for carbon dating and found to be at 21,000 to 22,000 years. Jocano argues that man
came earlier to the Philippines than to the Malay Peninsula. The Tabon Man resembled
Java and Peking Men and found to have gathered plants, fruits for food, hunted animals
with weapons made of stones. From the evidence, it was found that the Tabon Man
was capable of surviving and making oneself safe.
Read
https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Philippines_History#:~:text=The%20origi
nal%20peoples%20were%20largely,early%20as%20the%2011th%20century.

Read: https://www.csub.edu/pacificrim/countryprospectus/history.htm

Read: https://www.philippine-history.org/early-filipinos.htm

Unit 2 Pre-Spanish Political Organization

Before the coming of the Spaniards, the Philippines was composed of settlements
and each settlement was called barangay. The word barangay came from a Malayan
word, balangay or boat.
Every barangay is a state for it possesses the elements of statehood such as
people, territory, government and sovereignty. The barangays then joined together and
formed a confederation for mutual protection against enemies. Each barangay was
headed by the datu or called rajah, sultan or hadji. The datu was the chief executive,
lawgiver, chief judge and head of the military. The maguinoos or council of elders serve
as advisers.

7
 Read:
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Philippine_History/Before_The_Coming_of_Spanis
h_Colonialists

Unit 3 Political Transition

Transition is an interval of two regimes. Many political systems are in transition

because the rules, procedures and institutions are untenable.
The political scientists of the 21st century are interested in the different patterns,
forms and outcomes of transition which could either be from totalitarian and authoritarian
regimes to democratic regimes.
Read: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/philippines/1936-07-
01/philippines-transition

Read: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/the-transition/

Read: https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/legal-and-political-
magazines/transitional-political-systems

Assignment/Activities/Assessment

1. Make a timeline of political transition from the First Philippine Republic to

the Fifth Philippine Republic.
2. Unit Test
3. Make a Portfolio of Activities.

8
Lesson 14 National Cultural Hegemony Against Local Cultural Identity

Learning Outcomes

After the successful completion of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Differentiate between the national cultural hegemony and local cultural

identity.

2. Discuss the political, economic, socio-cultural and environmental issues and

concerns.

Course Materials

Unit 1 Decolonization or Recolonization

For clarity and understanding, colonization involves one group taking control
over the land, resources among other things belonging to one country. Decolonization
is taking away the colonial. It is the process by which colonies became independent
from the colonizing country.
Read: https://www.queensu.ca/ctl/teaching-support/decolonizing-and-
indigenizing/what-decolonizationindigenization
Read: https://www.britannica.com/topic/decolonization

Unit 2 Local Issues and Concerns: Political/Economic Socio-Cultural and

Environmental

There are several environmental, social and economic issues in the

Philippines.
The environmental problems consist of climate change, decline of natural
resources and biodiversity, alarming waste problem in the Philippines and people’s
behavior towards waste
The economic problems are: high population growth, unequal distribution of
wealth, and poor performance of the agriculture sector of the economy.
On the other hand the social problems faced by the country are: corruption,
poverty, overpopulation, child labor, lack of adequate health care services, terrorism,
prostitution, and unemployment.
Read: https://avpn.asia/si-landscape/country/philippines/

9
Assignment/Activities/Assessment

1. Read: https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/decolonization/

2.Read:
https://www.google.com/search?q=Philippine+political%2C+economic%2C
+socio-
cultural+and+environmental+issues+and+concerns.&oq=Philippine+politica
l%2C+economic%2C+socio-
cultural+and+environmental+issues+and+concerns.&aqs=chrome..69i57.4
321j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Cite the take-aways from readings in the above-mentioned link.

3. Read and cite the take-aways from the given link:

https://public.wmo.int/en/bulletin/political-economic-technological-and-
cultural-influences-will-shape-service-delivery-next

4. Make a Portfolio of Activities.

5. Final Examination

10
References:

https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/philippines.htm
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2010/ra_10066_2010.html#:~:text=Short%20T
itle.,Cultural%20Heritage%20Act%20of%202009%22.&text=Section%202.&text=It%
20further%20provides%20that%20all,which%20may%20regulate%20its%20disposit
ion
https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/creation-phil.html
https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Philippines-new.pdf
https://www.cnn.ph/life/culture/2020/5/28/heritage-marker.html
https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/about/world/world-heritage-
criteriahttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/698/3/033045/pdf
https://www.coa.gov.in/show_img.php?fid=181
https://www.carrasquilloassociates.com/services/structural-condition-assessment/)
https://www.peo.on.ca/sites/default/files/201910/StructuralConditionAssessmentsGuideli
ne.pdf
https://www.manilatimes.net/2017/09/21/opinion/analysis/architecture-global-filipino-
way/351828/.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGyI81B2V2I
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/List_of_National_Cultural_Treasures_in_the_Philippines)
https://www.google.com/search?q=Origin+of+Movable+Heritage+in+the+Philippine
s&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjZqrjpjOHuAhWTEKYKHTE8ABYQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Origin+of+Movable+Heritage+in+the+Philippines&gs_lcp=CgNp
bWcQA1CNCFjoQ2ChRmgAcAB4A4AB2gaIAaQZkgENMS41LjIuMC4xLjEuMZgB
AKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=sMAkYNmSApOhmAWx-
ICwAQ&bih=912&biw=1903&hl=en
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MDRwGC9IYY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Bf2tqZcAEA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d7g8ETLOJs
https://www.google.com/search?q=Paintings+as+movable+heritage+in+the+Philippines
&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwja48D1ieHuAhUUEKYKHcrZCaQQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Paintings+as+movable+heritage+in+the+Philippines&gs_lcp=C
gNpbWcQDFAAWABgl2BoAHAAeACAAQCIAQCSAQCYAQCqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWlt
Zw&sclient=img&ei=pL0kYNqBApSgmAXKs6egCg&bih=912&biw=1920
https://www.google.com/search?q=paintings+in+the+philippines&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUK
Ewjz0IucjOHuAhVzxIsBHc1cDuQQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=paintings&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgFMgQIIxAnMgcIABCxAxBD
MgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BwgjEOoCECc6BAgAE
EM6BQgAELEDUM5FWKpdYOGQAWgBcAB4AIABkwKIAekPkgEFMC4zLjaYAQ
11
 CgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABCsABAQ&sclient=img&ei=DcAkYLOWMvOIr7wP
zbm5oA4&bih=912&biw=1903&hl=en

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ame7axVvrsw
https://www.google.com/search?q=Artworks&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiy1bLbjeHuAhUH
vZQKHY0BBdgQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Artworks&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIHCAAQsQMQQzICCAAyAgg
AMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoHCCMQ6gIQJ1D4EljwGmClJ
mgBcAB4AIABeogBepIBAzAuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&
sclient=img&ei=n8EkYPKJAYf60gSNg5TADQ&bih=912&biw=1903&hl=en
https://www.google.com/search?q=artworks+in+the+philippines&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUK
Ewik3dCKjuHuAhU6JaYKHZMVAcIQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=artworks&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgFMgQIIxAnMgIIADICCAAyA
ggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABBDOgcIABC
xAxBDOgUIABCxAzoICAAQsQMQgwFQojJY0kRg1l1oAXAAeACAAXOIAdgGkgE
DMS43mAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWewAQrAAQE&sclient=img&ei=AsIkYKT
UBLrKmAWTq4SQDA&bih=912&biw=1903&hl=en
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSpPeKf7US0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnV8aZwrO18
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6vPp8gWWOY
https://www.tripzilla.com/philippine-souvenirs/97270
https://dfa.gov.ph/photos-of-mabini-memorabili
https://www.travelvui.com/philippines/manila/10-best-souvenirs-that-show-off-the-spirit-
of-manila/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aK3jMKgxJlM
https://www.google.com/search?q=photographs&sxsrf=ALeKk02mkmOJnS7i3DYBg2W
CrwSsmDU9Cg:1613022921020&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi
V7eLRkuHuAhXOUN4KHW4NA68Q_AUoAXoECBMQAw&cshid=1613023006319
107&biw=1920&bih=912
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pXdvVQQ1pQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4txsaFlA55o
https://philippinefolklifemuseum.org/portfolio_category/evolution-of-philippine-costume/
https://www.google.com/search?q=costumes+in+the+philippines&sxsrf=ALeKk01b
9GX279NKSGpJ0tYymazHx3j_Cg:1613023113572&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=2ahUKEwjJocutk-
HuAhVCPnAKHcYjAvEQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1920&bih=912
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWZiEPQiXGU
https://www.google.com/search?q=philippine+weapons&sxsrf=ALeKk01SWfgC6n__EBn
Nkcjczg0Wk0yExQ:1613023387336&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKE
wjVwZCwlOHuAhXhw4sBHTNpBXgQ_AUoAXoECBkQAw&biw=1920&bih=912

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDpLgZUb1uA

12
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENpqchbhkqA

https://www.google.com/search?q=religious+items+philippines&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKE
wiGk8vhlOHuAhUYAqYKHXeKBvAQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Religious+Items&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgCMgIIADICCAAyAgg
AMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgYIABAFEB4yBggAEAUQHjIGCAAQBRAeMgYIABAFEB
46BwgjEOoCECdQ9_EEWJ36BGDmpwVoAXAAeACAAaMBiAGjAZIBAzAuMZgB
AKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=A8kkYMaFA5iEmAX
3lJqADw&bih=912&biw=1920

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rL6SdWiPjh
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsEoTI3f2WA
https://www.zenrooms.com/blog/post/museum-in-the-philippines/
https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/only-in-the-philippines-center-for-art-new-
ventures-sustainable-development-canvas/iwLSkeopr5qoJQ?hl=en
https://www.pchrd.dost.gov.ph/index.php/events/6005-5-technologies-on-health-that-will-
make-you-proud-as-a-filipino

https://www.goodnewspilipinas.com/look-6-filipino-science-tech-innovations-
commercially-available-in-2020/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3sgm1fbftk
https://www.flipscience.ph/technology/5-filipino-inventions/
https://www.zenrooms.com/blog/post/festivals-in-the-philippines/
https://12go.asia/en/philippines/festivals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rz4YR1_-buA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pObSQabeSBU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL8pWr7u_Tw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cj-2WNRTZjA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p52ApaWXFE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oji2CoOK2NA
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-
sca/dance/rituals-in-philippine-dance/.
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/150aKSYvsmeS1bs9TJyZSUq1ruZnQkEE3xco2
so8ckJA/htmlpresent

https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Filipino_cuisine
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/superstitions-and-taboos-many-
filipinos-still-believe-in/

https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-
sca/architecture-and-allied-arts-2/filipino-building-beliefs/

13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159471/
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/philippines.php
https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Philippines_History#:~:text=The%20original%20pe
oples%20were%20largely,early%20as%20the%2011th%20century.
https://www.csub.edu/pacificrim/countryprospectus/history.htm
https://www.philippine-history.org/early-filipinos.htm
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Philippine_History/Before_The_Coming_of_Spanish_Coloni
alists
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/philippines/1936-07- 01/philippines-transition
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/the-transition/
https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/legal-and-political- magazines/transitional-
political-systems
https://www.queensu.ca/ctl/teaching-support/decolonizing-and- indigenizing/what-
decolonizationindigenization
https://www.britannica.com/topic/decolonization
https://avpn.asia/si-landscape/country/philippin
https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-
depth/decolonization/https://www.google.com/search?q=Philippine+political%2C+e
conomic%2C+socio-
cultural+and+environmental+issues+and+concerns.&oq=Philippine+political%2C+
economic%2C+socio-
cultural+and+environmental+issues+and+concerns.&aqs=chrome..69i57.4321j0j1
5&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://public.wmo.int/en/bulletin/political-economic-technological-and-cultural-
influences-will-shape-service-delivery-next
https://www.gov.ph/philippine-government
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330927918_Filipino_Identity_The_Haunting_Q
uestion

https://www.gov.ph/about-the-philippines
https://www.philippine-history.org/early-
filipinos.htm#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20theories%20on,in%20successive%
20waves%20of%20migration.

14
15