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£*N*☒K④¥ 110111
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ACOUSTICS : STUDY OF SCIENCE , ENGINEERING ,

} ART OF GENERATING ,
PROPIGATING ,
's
,

RECIEVING SOUND WAVES

ULTRASOUND SOUND FREQUENCIES ABOVE

:
THE LEVEL Of HUMAN HEARING

DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY :

TECHNIQUE USED TO VISUALIZE DEEP TISSUE STRUCTURES

SONOGRAM :
ULTRASOUND EXAM HARD COPY IMAGE

SONOLOGIST PHYSICIAN WHO INTERPRETS THE SONO GRAPHIC STUDY

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SONOGRAPHER : PERSON WHO PREFORMS THE ULTRASOUND EXAM

A C C R E D I D A T I 0 N

( ARDMS ) AMERICAN REGISTRY OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOCTRAPHERS : NATIONAL EXAMINATION

FOR ULTRASOUND

( SDM 8) SOCIETY OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY : CODE OF ETHICS ! SCOPE OF PRACTICE

( ANIM ) AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : SCANNING PROTOCOLS

( ACR ) AMERICAN COLLEGE Of RADIOLOGY :

SCANNING PROTOCOLS

( ARRT ) AMERICAN REGISTRY OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS : EXAM FOR ULTRASOUND

( RDMS ) REGISTERED DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHER

↳ SUBSPECIALTIES OB / GUN
:
ABDOMEN , ,
NEURO SONOGRAPHY , OPHTHALMOLOGY ,
BREAST

( RDCS ) REGISTERED DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC SONOGRADHER : SUBSPECIALTIES ADULT OR PEDIATRIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

( RVT ) REGISTERED VASCULAR TECHNOLOGIST

C R E D E N T 1 A L S V. S .
C E R T I f- I C A T 1 O N

CERTIFICATION CONCIDERED THE STANDARD SCOPE OF PRACTICE IN ULTRASOUND

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CREDENTIALS : SONOGRAPHERS NEED TO POSSESS A VALID CERTIFICATION IN EACH

SUBSPECIALTY
0
OFFERED BY ARDMS & ARRT

E T H I C A L T E R M 5

A SSU LT : THREAT OR UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO INJURE ANOTHER CAUSING FEAR

OR IMMEDIATE HARM

BATTERY : UNLAWFUL TOUCHING OF ANOTHER PERSON DIRECTLY OR WITH AN OBJECT

FALSE IMPRISONMENT : HOLDING OR DETAINING A PERSON AGAINST HIS OR HER OWN WILL

NEGLIGENCE : FAILURE TO PREFORM IN A REASONABLE MANNER OR TO FULFILL THE EXPECTED

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STANDARD OF CARE
 8*00891*0*11101
2

P O 5 I T I 0 N I N G

ANTERIOR ( VENTRAL) : TOWARD THE FRONT

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POSTERIOR ( DORSAL) : TOWARD THE BACK

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SUPERIOR ( CRANIAL / CEPHALAD) :

ABOVE UPWARD ,

INFERIOR ( CAUDAL) : BELOW ,

DOWNWARD
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MEDIAL ( MESIAL) : TOWARD THE MIDLINE

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LATERAL : AWAY FROM MIDLINE

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IPSILATERAL : ON OR AFFECTING THE SAME SIDE

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CONTRALATERAL :
ON OR AFFECTING THE OPPOSITE SIDE
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PROXIMAL :
CLOSER TO THE ORIGIN OF THE BODY PART
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DISTAL : FARTHER FROM THE ORIGIN OF THE BODY

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SUPERFICIAL : ON OR NEAR THE SURFACE

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DEEP :
AWAY FROM THE SURFACE
P L A N E 5

TRANSVERSE HOROZONTALLU THROUGH THE BODY

-

0
DIVIDES THE BODY INTO INFERIOR & SUPERIOR SEGMENTS
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SAGGITAL : TRAVELS VERTICAL THROUGH THE BODY

0 DIVIDES THE BODU INTO LEFT & RIGHT SEGMENTS
'

CORONAL : DIVIDES BODY INTO ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR SEGMENTS

T R A N S D U C E R A P P R 0 A C H
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TRANSVERSE -

SAGGITAL
0 IMAGES OBTAINED WI ANTERIOR, 0
IMAGES OBTAINED WI EITHER ANTERIOR

POSTERIOR OR LATERAL SCANNING SURFACE

,
OR POSTERIOR APPROACH

CORONAL
0 CUTS INTO FRONT & BACK
SEGMENTS
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T R A N S D U CER A
¢
P P R 0 A C H C S

SAGGITAL

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

INFERIOR SUPERIOR INFERIOR

SUPERIOR

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TRANSVERSE

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR LATERAL

LEFT ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

RIGHT LEFT RIGHT

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR MEDIAL

CORONAL

,
LATERAL 9 ABDOMINAL REGIONS

RIGHT LEFT
EPIGASTRIC
HYPOCHONDRIAC HYPOCHONDRIAC
SUPERIOR INFERIOR

° RIGHT UMBILICAL
LEFT
MEDIAL LUMBAR LUMBAR

RIGHT LEFT
HYPOGIASTRIC ILUAC
ILLIAC
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'

THYROID ANATOMY
NAME IN RELATION TO THYROID
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STRAP MUSCLES / STERN 017%928115,4%12%0 HYOID) ANTERIOR

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STERNOCLEIDO MASTOID MUSCLE ANTEROLATERAL

LONGS COLLI MUSCLE POSTERIOR
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COMMON COROTID ARTERY LATERAL

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TRACHEA Medial
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ESOPHAGUS LEFT Of MIDLINE ! POSTERIOR

T H 4 12 01 D P H
y s 1 O LO G Y
THYROID GLAND :
ENDOCRINE
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HORMONES SECRETED :
-

THYROXINE :
0

> CONTROLS BODIES METABOLIC RATE

:
0
TRIOTHYRONINE
0
CALCITONIN :
CONTROLS CALCIUM IN THE METABOLISM

THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (-181-1) CONTROLS SECRETION Of HORMONES :

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PRODUCED IN THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY

•

IODINE INGESTION :
MUST INGEST 100 -200mg PER WEEK FOR NORMAL THYROXINE LEVELS
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T H Y R 0 1 D S O N O G R A P H Y
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TRANSDUCER : HIGH FREQUENCY 112MHz / 18MHz) ,

LINEAR ARRAY

TRANSVERSE IMAGES : SUPERIOR MID ? INFERIOR POLE

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, ,

•
MEASURE WIDEST DIAMETER IN MID POLE INCLUDING ISTHMUS É BOTH LOBES
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LONGITUDINAL IMAGES : MIDLINE LATERAL ! MEDIAL ,

•
MEASURE LENGTH ! AD DIAMETER IN MID ,
SHOW COLOR IN MID

SONO APPEARANCE : HOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM LEVEL ECHOS RIGHT LOBE LARGER THAN LEFT
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, ,

05.0cm LENGTH ✗ 2.0cm WIDTH ✗ 1.5cm

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A R A T H Y R 0 I D A N A T O M Y

ONLY SEEN WHEN ENLARGED SUPERIOR PARATHYROID

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GLANDS

SIZE 4- 6mm LENGTH AP OF THYROID

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: 2 -4mm WIDTH is -2mm POSTERIOR TO MIDDLE THIRD GLAND
-

, ,

SHAPE : OVAL INFERIOR PARATHYROID GLANDS

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POSTERIOR
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PAIRS 6 TO LOWER THIRD OF THYROID GLAND

-

: 2-

VARIANT LOCATIONS OF PARATHYROID GLAND

•
AT THE LEVEL OF THE CAROTID BIFURCATION & SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
•
SUBSTERNAL / INTRA THORACIC

RETRO ESOPHAGEAL / RETROTRACHAEL

°

°
INTRA THYROIDAL

01N THE CAROTID SHEATH ,

POSTERIOR TO THE CAROTID ARTERIES

P A R A T H Y R O l D P H Y s I 0 L 0 G y

PARATHYROID HORMONE CPTH ) A.K.A parathormone or parathyrin ; secreted by parathyroid GLAND

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FUNCTION : MAINTAINING PROPER & STEADY LEVEL OF CALCIUM 10N IN THE BLOOD

P A R A T H Y R 0 1 D S O N O G R A P H 4

HOW DO THE GLANDS NORMALLY APPEAR ?

↳ DONT APPEAR UNLESS ENLARGED

ABNORMALLY THEY APPEAR AS HYPOECHOIC OVAL STRUCTURE LYING POSTEIOR TO THE THYROID GLAND
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