SCRIPT FOR LAND ACQUISITION PROCESS
1st Slide- Introduction
National Highway Authority of India is
one of the premiere autonomous agencies
of the Government of India constituted by
an Act of Parliament in 1988 under the
administrative control of the Ministry of
Road Transport and Highways which
became operational in 1995.
One of the crucial assets for the
construction of roads is Land and the
acquisition of land is one of the censorious
parts in context of India. It is so because
majority of the land in India is vested to
private owners. The process of Land
Acquisition for National Highways is
accomplished through NH Act of 1956
under its sections 3 small (a) followed by 3
capital (A) to 3(J).
2nd to 5th slide- Process & Description of
Land Acquisition
3 small (a) states the notification of land in
the Official Gazette mentioning the
intention and competent authority along
with identification of districts, talukas and
affected villages.
Further, 3 capital (A) states the Power to
acquire land with brief description of the
land published in two local newspapers
(one necessarily in vernacular language). It
deals with identification and notification of
the land through survey or plot number,
type of land that is government or private,
nature of land that is wet or dry and the
area.
3(B) and 3(C) state the Power to enter for
survey and Hearing of Objections
respectively.
3(D) states the Declaration of Acquisition
of the land in which the Competent
Authority shall submit a report to Central
Government based on the objections
received under section 3C. Central
Government declares the acquisition by
notification in the official gazette if there
is no objection made to the competent
authority within specified period (that is 21
days), if any objection is disapproved by
the competent authority, the land is free
from all encumbrances after publication of
such notification by Central Government.
3(D) deals with micro level identification
and notification in which further
ownership details are mentioned.
Determination of amount payable as
compensation is stated under 3(G) in
which the amount is calculated based on
“Right to Fair Compensation and
Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act of
2013 and determination of compensation is
done by competent authority.
Glimpse of official gazette notification of
3 small (a), 3 capital (A) & 3(D).
6th side- Present practice for 3 small (a)
Notification
As per the current practice of 3 small (a)
Notification, KML is superimposed on
satellite imagery for the identification of
the villages, but sometimes few villages
are left out in notified list hence, these
villages need to be notified again making it
a hefty process.
7th and 8th slide- Proposed modification
for 3 small (a) Notification
At first, the proposed kml file collected
from the consultant is superimposed on the
satellite imaginary for exact positioning to
identify the affected villages by taking
coordinates of physical features through
GPS points. Further, Sajra maps of the
villages collected from the revenue officer
are geo-referenced on GIS software (with
minimal errors) and are stitched chainage-
 SCRIPT FOR LAND ACQUISITION PROCESS
wise along the alignment by taking the
GPS points.
As seen, nine villages along Ludhiana-
Bhatinda section have been stitched to
show 3 capital (A) process. 3 capital (A) is
prepared with the help of Records of
Right.
9th slide- Glimpse of Greenfield highway
development.
10th slide- Present practice for 3 capita;
(A) notification.
As per present practice of 3 capital (A)
notification area is calculated from the
scanned cadastral maps manually or by
using CAD software resulting in 5-6%
error.
11th and 12th slide- Proposed
modification for 3 capital (A)
Notification
Sajra maps are digitized true to scale on
GIS software that will help in calculating
area of the land parcels falling on the
alignment.
For instance, detail of Raikot village in
Ludhiana-Bhatinda section have been
shown as an example to illustrate details of
acquired land parcels including tehsil
name, village name, land area, location as
part of 3 capital (A) .
Digitization on GIS, helps in getting
detailed information about particular land
parcel in just one click resulting in
minimal error. GIS software user interface
of the process shows tehsil name, village
name, land area, location as well as
ownership details as part of 3 D.
13th slide- Here is a Glimpse of
Brownfield highway development.
14th slide- widening of Highways under
Brownfield by maintaining center line
Widening of national highway from 45m
to 60m has been graphical represented.
One of the critical issues for this task is
that the center line of the alignment is not
always in the center of Right Of Way.
Hence road is extended on either sides in
such a way that centerline comes exactly at
the center of proposed Right of Way.
15th slide- Leading practice for 3D
Officials of NHAI are well aware that once
land is notified under section 3(D), the
land is vested into the Government. Hence
in order to have correct 3(D) notification
three team are composed.
Team 1 comprises of 3 Revenue officers
of NHAI/Consultants
Team 2(Joint Measurement Survey team)
comprises of one technical man and 3
Revenue officers
Finally, Team 3 collect details of sale deed
of last three years preceding the date of 3
capital (A) notification.
Determination of Market Value -
The market value for land is calculated on
the basis of “Right to fair compensation
and transparency in land acquisition,
rehabilitation and resettlement Act, 2013.
Before determination, Competent
Authority publish a notice in two local
newspapers (one necessarily in vernacular
language) inviting claims from all persons
interested in the land to be acquired. In
case of Disagreement an arbitrator (to be
appointed by Central Government)
determine the amount of compensation.
Determination of compensation is done
through market value which will be based
on the date of publication of notification
under section 3 capital (A). The amount is
computed by Competent Authority by
taking the average of the highest 50%
preceding 3 years sale deeds. Also, based
 SCRIPT FOR LAND ACQUISITION PROCESS
on the factor on distance of project from
urban area, a multiplication factor is
computed ranging from 1.0 to 2.0. Value
of Assets attached to land like trees and
plants, standing crops, immovable Assets,
etc. are also computed. Moreover, a
solatium of 100% in the calculated amount
is to be given. Finally, 12% p.a. interest
rate is given on the market value from the
date of notification of 3 capital (A).
National Highway Authority of India is
one of the premier autonomous agencies
of the Government of India constituted by
an Act of Parliament in 1988 under the
administrative control of the Ministry of
Road Transport and Highways which
became operational in 1995..
One of the crucial assets for the
construction of roads is Land and the
acquisition of land is one of the
censorious parts in the context of India. It
is so because a majority of the land in
India is vested in private owners.
The process of Land Acquisition for
National Highways is accomplished
through NH Act of 1956, under its
sections 3 small a followed by 3 capital A
to 3(J)...
Process & Description of Land
Acquisition...
3 small a states the notification of land in
the Official Gazette mentioning the
intention and competent authority along
The sale deeds can be seen in excel format
in which it is being further filtered to
highest 50% preceding 3 years sale deeds
and is being averaged to arrive at the
award amount.
Issues in Land Acquisition (Greenfield)
Some Issues in Land Acquisition of
with identification of districts, talukas and
affected villages.
Further, 3 capital A states the Power to
acquire land with a brief description of the
land published in two local newspapers
(one necessarily in vernacular language).
It deals with identification and
notification of the land through a survey
or plot number, type of land that is
government or private, nature of the land
that is wet or dry and the area...
3(B) and 3(C) state the Power to enter for
survey and Hearing of Objections
respectively...
3(D) states the Declaration of Acquisition
of the land in which the Competent
Authority shall submit a report to Central
Government, based on the objections
received under section 3C.
Central Government declares the
acquisition by notification in the official
gazette if there is no objection made to the
competent authority within the specified
period (that is 21 days).
If any objection is disapproved by the
competent authority, the land is free from
all encumbrances after the publication of
 SCRIPT FOR LAND ACQUISITION PROCESS

such notification by the Central

Government.
3(D) deals with micro-level identification
and notification in which further
ownership details are mentioned...

Determination of amount payable as

compensation is stated under 3(G) in
which the amount is calculated based on
“Right to Fair Compensation and
Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act of
2013 and determination of compensation
is done by competent authority...

A glimpse of official gazette notification

of 3 small a, 3 capital A & 3(D)...

As per the current practice of 3 small a

Notification, KML is superimposed on
satellite imagery for the identification of
the villages, but sometimes few villages
are left out in notified list hence, these
villages need to be notified again making
it a hefty process...
 SCRIPT FOR LAND ACQUISITION PROCESS

And as a result, the detailed information

about any land parcel could be accessed
by just one click, leaving less scope for
errors in the notification.

Slide 10
As per present practice of 3 capital (A)
notification area is calculated from the
scanned cadastral maps manually or by
using CAD software resulting in 5-6%
error.
Slide 11
Therefore, to overcome such errors, it is
proposed to digitize the village maps true
to scale on G.I.S software which will
provide area of the land parcels falling in
the alignment automatically.
Slide 12
Furthermore, The excel including the
information like the adjacent village
numbers, nature of land, ownership etc. of
each parcel will be attached in the G.I.S
Software.
Slide 13