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Basic Maths and Log
Basic Maths and Log
NUMBER SYSTEM
Natural Numbers Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,..... are known as natural numbers. The set of all natural
numbers can be represent by N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,....}
Whole Numbers : If we include 0 among the natural numbers, then the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5..... are called whole
numbers. The set of whole numbers can be represented by W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,....}Clearly,
every natural number is a whole number but 0 is a whole number which is not a natural number.
Integers : All counting numbers and their negatives including zero are known as integers. The set of integers
can be represented by Z = {.... –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,....}
Remarks
(i) Positive integers = {1, 2, 3 ....} = N
(ii) Negative integers – = {...., –3, –2, –1}.
(iii) Non-negative integers (whole numbers) = {0, 1, 2, ....}.
(iv) Non-positive integers = {...., –3, –2, –1, 0}.
Prime Numbers : Natural numbers which are divisible by 1 and itself only are called prime numbers.
Let 'p' be a natural number, 'p' is said to be prime if it has exactly two distinct positive
integral factors, namely 1 and itself. e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31 .....
Composite Numbers : Let ‘a’ be a natural number ‘a’ then it is said to be composite if it has atleast 3 distinct
factors, that means ‘a’ has more than two divisors. eg. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10
ETOOS KEY POINTS
(i) '1' is neither prime nor composite.
(ii) '2' is the only even prime number.
(iii) '4' is the smallest composite number.
(iv) Natural numbers which are not prime are composite numbers (except 1)
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
Co-Prime Numbers : Two natural numbers (not necessarily prime) are called coprime, if there H.C.F
(Highest common factor) is one. e.g. (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 10), (3, 8), (5, 6), (7, 8)
(15, 16) etc. These numbers are also called as relatively prime numbers.
Twin Prime Numbers : If the difference between two prime numbers is two, then the numbers are called
twin prime numbers. e.g. {3, 5}, {5, 7}, {11, 13}, {17, 19}, {29, 31}
Rational Numbers (Q) : All the numbers that can be represented in the form p/q, where p and q are integers
and q 0, are called rational numbers. Integers, Fractions, Terminating decimal
numbers, Non-terminating but repeating decimal numbers are all rational numbers.
p
Q = : p, q I and q 0
q
Irrational Numbers (QC) : There are real numbers which can not be expressed in p/q form. Non-Terminating
non repeating decimal numbers are irrational number
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
(12) a 4 + a 2 + 1 = (a 2 + 1)2 – a 2 = (1 + a + a 2) (1 – a + a 2)
logarithm of a number
The logarithm of the number N to the base ‘a’ is the exponent indicating the power to which the base ‘a’ must be
raised to obtain the number N. This number is designated as loga N.
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex. 1 Find the value of x and y for which (2 + 3i) x 2 – (3 – 2i) y = 2x – 3y + 5i where x, y R.
Sol. (2 + 3i)x2 – (3 – 2i)y = 2x – 3y + 5i
2x2 – 3y = 2x – 3y
x2 – x = 0
x = 0, 1 and 3x2 + 2y = 5
5
if x = 0, y = and if x = 1, y = 1
2
5
x = 0, y = and x = 1, y = 1
2
5 5
are two solutions of the given equation which can also be represented as 0, & (1, 1) 0, 2 , (1, 1)
2
Ex. 3 If a two-digit number is divided by the number having same digits written in reverse order, we get 4 as quotient and
3 as remainder and if the number is divided by the sum of the digits then 8 as a quotient and 7 as a remainder is
obtained. Find the number.
Sol. Let 10x+y be the required number.
10x+y = 4(10y+x) + 3 ...... (i)
and 10x+y = 8(x+y) + 7, ...... (ii)
on solving (i) and (ii)
we get x=7, y=1
the number is equal to 71
2
1 1
Ex. 4 If a = 3, then find value of a3 + 3 .
a a
1
Sol. a+ =± 3
a
3
1 1 1
a3 + 3 =
a – 3 a = ± 3 3 3 3 = 0.
a a a
4 4
3 6 a 9 6 3 a9
Ex. 5 Simplify .
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BASIC MATHS & LOGARITHM
1 1 1
1. + + has the value equal to -
log bc
abc log ca
abc log ab
abc
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
1 1 1
2. is equal to-
1 log b a log b c 1 log c a log c b 1 log a b log a c
1
(A) abc (B) (C) 0 (D) 1
abc
(A) 0 < x < 1 (B) –1 < x < 1 (C) –1 < x < 0 (D) none of these
4. The number of real solution of the equation log10 (7x – 9)2 + log10 (3x – 4)2 = 2 is -
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
1 1
(C) x = log10 and y = log102 (D) x = log105 and y = log10
5 2
7. The natural number n for which the expression y = 5(log3n)2 – log3n12 + 9, has the minimum value is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 36/5 (D) 4
log 1/4 a
2 log27 ( a2 1)3
2 3 2a
8. The ratio 4log49 a
simplifies to -
7 a 1
x2
9. The value of the expression, log4 – 2 log4(4x4) when x = – 2 is -
4
10. Which one of the following denotes the greatest positive proper fraction ?
log 2 6 log3 5 1
1 1 log3 2 log 2
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) 8 3
4 3
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BASIC MATHS & LOGARITHM
(D) log 5 sin . log
5 simplifies to an irrational number
5 sin
5
y
2. If x & y are real numbers and = x, then ' y ' cannot take the value(s) :
x
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
1
3. The solution set of the system of equations, log12x log 2 y = log2x and log2x.(log3(x + y)) = 3 log3x is -
log x 2
(A) x = 6 ; y = 2 (B) x = 4 ; y = 3 (C) x = 2 ; y = 6 (D) x = 3 ; y = 4
3 x 2 log x
3log10
4. If x1 and x2 are the solution of the equation x 3 10 = 100 3 10 then -
(A) x1x2 = 1 (B) x1 . x2 = x1 + x2 (C) log x2 x1 = –1 (D) log (x1 . x2) = 0
(A) 1 + sin 2 (B) 2 sin2 (C) 1 sin 2 (D) 2 cos2
4 4
log 3 135 log 3 5
8. Let N = – . Then N is :
log15 3 log 405 3
(A) a natural number (B) a prime number (C) a rational number (D) an integer
9. If ax = b, by = c, cz = a and x = log b a 2 ; y log c b3 & z log a c k , where a, b, c > 0 & a, b, c 1, then k is equal to -
1 1
(A) (B) (C) log 64 2 (D) log 32 2
5 6
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BASIC MATHS & LOGARITHM
Following question contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. The statements in
Column-I are labelled as A, B, C and D while the statements in Column-II are labelled as p, q, r and s. Any given
statement in Column-I can have correct matching with one or more statement(s) in Column-II.
1. Column – Column –
(A) Set of all values of x satisfying the inequation (p) (–, 0) (0, 2) (2, )
5x 1
< 1 is
(x 1) 2
(B) Set of all values of x satisfying the inequation (q) (–, –5)(–3, 3) (5, )
|x| + |x – 3| > 3 is
(C) Set of all values of x satisfying the inequation (r) (–, –1)(–1, 0)(3, )
1 1
is
| x | 3 2
(D) Set of all values of x satisfying the inequation (s) (0, 3) (4, )
4
x
> 0 is
(x 2) 2
(t) (–, 0) (3, )
2. Match the column for values of x which satisfy the equation in Column-I
Column-I Column-II
log10 ( x 3) 1
(A) 2
= (p) 5
log10 ( x 21) 2
(B) xlogx + 4 = 32, where base of logarithm is 2 (q) 100
(C) log x log x 1 log x 1 log x 1 where the base (r) 2
5 3 3 5
of logarithm is 10
1
(D) 91+logx – 31+logx – 210 = 0 ; (s)
32
where base of log is 3
3. Column- I Column-II
(A) Interval containing all the solutions of the (p) – ,
2 2
inequality 3 – x > 3 1 – x 2 is
(B) Interval containing all the solutions of the
x 2
1
inequality < 3–x is (q) (, 2)
3
(C) Interval containing all the solutions of the
1 1
inequality log5(x – 3) + log53 < log5 (2x2 – 6x + 7) is (r) (–, )
2 2
(D) Interval containing all the solutions of the (s) (– e, e)
1
equation 7x + 2 – . 7x + 1 – 14.7x – 1 + 2.7x = 48 is (t) ([], – [–2]), where [.] is G.I.F.
7
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
log a N
1. Prove that = 1 + loga b & indicate the permissible values of the letters.
log ab N
2. The positive integers p, q and r are all primes if p2 – q2 = r, then find all possible values of r.
a c e 2 a 4 b2 3a 2 c 2 5e 4 f
4. If = = , then find the value of in terms of a and b.
b d f 2 b6 3b2 d 2 5f 5
7. Find a rational number which is 50 times its own logarithm to the base 10.
8. Solve the equations log 100 |x + y| = 1/2 , log10y – log10|x| = log1004 for x and y.
1
9. Solve for x : log 4 1 log 3 log x 3 27 .
2x
1
11. Solve the following equation for x & y : log10 0 x y , log10y – log10|x|= log1004.
2
12. Find the real values of x and y for which the following equation is satisfied :
(1 i) x 2i (2 3i) y i
+ =i
3i 3i
13. If the numbers 296, 436 and 542 divided by a positive number 'p' leaving the remainder 7, 11 and 15
respectively, then find the largest value of p.
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
1. If z and are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = 1, and arg (z) – arg() = , then z is equal to :
2
[AIEEE 2003]
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) i (D) – i
x
1 i
2. If = 1, then [AIEEE 2003]
1– i
(A) x = 4 n, where n is any positive integer
(B) x = 2 n, where n is any positive integer
(C) x = 4 n + 1, where n is any positive integer
(D) x = 2n + 1, where n is any positive integer
3. Let z,w be complex numbers such that z iw 0 and arg zw = . Then arg z equals : [AIEEE 2004]
3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 4 4
1
4. The conjugate of a complex number is . Then, that complex number is- [AIEEE 2008]
i –1
1 1 1 1
(A) – (B) (C) – (D)
i –1 i 1 i 1 i –1
5. Let , be real and z be a complex number. If z2 + z + = 0 has two distinct roots on the line Re z = 1, then it is
necessary that : [AIEEE- 2011]
(A) (0, 1) (B) (–1, 0) (C) || = 1 (D) (1, )
2 4x60
6. The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation (x2 – 5x + 5)x = 1 is :
(A) 3 (B) – 4 (C) 6 (D) 5 [Main- 2016]
2. Find the set of all solutions of the equation 2 |y| – | 2y–1 – 1| = 2y–1 + 1. [IIT-1997]
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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED
MOCK TEST
SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
1. Greatest integer less than or equal to the number log 2 15. log1/6 2. log3 1/6 is
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
4 2
S4 : log25 (2 + tan2 ) = 0.5, then may be or
3 3
7. The number of solutions of |[x] – 2x| = 4 is (where [.] denotes greatest integer function)
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) Infinite
1
8. Number of values of x satisfying the equations 5{x} = x + [x] and [x] – {x} = is
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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11th Class Modules Chapter Details