1- Define the standard enthalpy of

formation. (1)

a) Glucose can be combusted to form water and carbon dioxide according to

the equation below.

C6H12O6 (S) + 6 O2 (g) à 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)

Using the relevant standard enthalpies of formation, calculate the standard
enthalpy change of combustion for glucose.
(3)

Substance ΔfHꝊ
C6H12O6 (S) -1250

CO2 (g) -394

H2O (l) -286

 b) The experimentally determined values for the enthalpy of combustion does
not always agree with values in the Data Booklet. Suggest two reasons.
(2)

2- Rockets use highly exothermic reactions to propel them. One reaction that
is often used is the reaction of N2O4 with methylhdrazine (CH3NHNH2).

4 CH3NHNH2 (l) + 5 N2O4 (l) à 4 CO2 (g) + 12H2O (g)+ 9N2 (g)

Substance ΔfH

CH3NHNH2 (l) +54

N2O4 (l) -20

CO2 (g) -394

12H2O (g) 242

-

Using the enthalpy changes of formation, ΔfHꝊ , calculate the enthalpy change for
this reaction. (3)

3- Glucose can be formed according to the equation below:

6C (s) + 6 H2 (g) + 3O2 (g) à C6H12O6 (s)
The enthalpy change of formation of glucose cannot be determined directly.
a) Suggest a reason why this is the case. (1)
 b) This table shows some enthalpy changes of combustion. Use these enthalpy
changes of combustion to calculate the enthalpy change of formation for
solid glucose.

Substance ΔcHꝊ

C (s) -394

H2 (g) -286

C6H12O6 (s) -2801