UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR

Faculty of Engineering
Heat Transfer – MECH 3228

Heat Transfer Assignment Problems Set #4 - Sec. 2 – June 9th, 2021

Q 1. The glass wall of a perfectly spherical incandescent light bulb has a thermal conductivity of ks. Suppose
you are required to design a method to determine the thermal conductivity of insulating materials for the
bulb with the inner and outer radii of the sphere are ri and ro, respectively. You decide to perform the testing
under steady-state conditions with the inner surface of the glass maintained at Ts. In a particular test, a
spherical shell of insulation is cast on the outer surface of the bulb to a thickness of L. The insulated light
bulb is in a room maintained at uniform temperature and the convection coefficient at the outer surface of
the insulation is h, W/m2.K. If the energy dissipated by the light bulb is 𝑄̇, determine the equation describing
the thermal conductivity of the insulation? Discuss how you would approach the problem if the temperatures
were not maintained uniform. Would your assumptions change? If so, how?

 thermal that
3. The
properties are constant
meaning they
do not
change with the colocation .

Although there are

temperature variations
from the centre towards the
outside the which variations the
of sphere ,
will cause in

thermal heat
variations
conductivity and
transfer coefficient ,
these
minimal hence
paopoetics
are
can be assumed
constant .

Air be
trapped between
H will
the the
.

the insulation The

surface of sphere and

would have
.

to be
air
trapped acts as an insulator and
accounted
is
given about the thickness
forthe .
However .
since no
information
thermal contact resistance of trapped aim
layer ,
the
is
5. Radiation disregarded in this
analysis
would be
.

expected to act the

the insulation Since
on
surface of
info is
no
.

it
the radiation given ,
is assumed that
effects are
accounted the
transfer coefficient .
for in heat

Schematic .
.

→ &
Oi
Tsi-Tg
=

?
Mamo
I
-
-
aaaa _•

R ins R
AL Room
To total

Analysis :

r.EE#irokins
'
Rims
Rain
?÷÷÷↳
-
=

;
ins

Room
¥eh =
= - R
total
=
% + 4t¥)rokin54¥Dh
4Th roriks

Tsi-To_-
⇒

⇒
if =

¥fothTh
Lm
ro ri
king
-

4Th C rot Dro

Tsi To
QIEI.iris.in#nrTkinsIi*zn)=
-

Q 2. Consider a scenario in which you are melting a metal in an oven that reached steady state. The oven
wall consists of three materials, two of which have a thermal conductivity, kX and kZ, and thickness, LX and
LZ. The third material, Y, is sandwiched between materials X and Z, is of thickness, LY. The outer surface
temperature is To, inner surface temperature is Ti and air inside the oven is at 𝑇!,# . The inside convection
coefficient is known to be h, W/m2K. If the contact area is Ac, determine an expression for the value of kB?
Discuss how you would approach the problem if the temperatures were not maintained uniform. Would
your assumptions change? If so, how?
 .÷i÷i÷*
Q 3. The composite wall of an oven consists of three materials, two of which have thermal conductivity, kA

.÷i÷÷÷÷÷÷÷
.fi#EoiEofEis
and kC in W/mK, and thickness, LA and LC. The third material, B, which is sandwiched between materials
A and C, its thickness is LB. The outer surface temperature is To, inner surface temperature Ti, and an oven

÷÷÷÷i÷÷÷÷÷E÷÷÷
air temperature !!. The inside convection coefficient is known to be hi W/m2K. If the contact area is Ac,
determine an expression for the value of kB?

Name: _____________________________________
UWin: _____________________________________@uwindsor.ca

i÷
r
Iac
⇒
.
-
-
Signature: _________________________________ -
-

is .

UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR
Faculty of Engineering
Q 3. You are required to design a systemHeat that defogs
Transfer the 3228
– MECH rear window of your automobile. After careful
consideration of the design constraints, the most suitable solution is to attach an infinitely thin transparent
heating elementHeat to the inner
Transfer surface
Assignment of the
Problems Set #3window
- Sec. 2 – such
June 17that
th it provides a uniform heat flux. The interior
, 2020
temperature of the automobile is maintained uniform throughout, and the convection heat transfer
coefficient is Qh1.
i. The outside ambient temperature is also maintained uniform and below freezing and the
To defog the rear window of an automobile, an infinitely thin transparent heating element is attached
convection heat transfer
to the coefficient
inner surface is hAo.uniform
of the window. If theheat
thermal
flux of !̇conductivity
is provided to theof the window
heating element for is k, W/m·K, determine
defogging
an expression for the inner surface temperature of the window as a function of the heat flux. Discuss how
a rear window which has a thickness of L. The interior temperature of the automobile is maintained uniform
and the convection heat transfer coefficient is hi. The outside ambient temperature is also maintained
you would approach
uniform andthebelow
problem
freezingifand
thethetemperatures were coefficient
convection heat transfer not maintained
is ho. If theuniform. Would your
thermal conductivity of assumptions
change? If so,thehow?
window is k, W/m·K, determine an expression for the inner surface temperature of the window.
'

Given
L
he k
hi Top
:

q ,
, Toi , ; ; i

Find :
Ti

Assumptions
would be transient component
:

t .

Although there a

the
from
until
when the heat
flux is
provided to window
the window that
reaches a
temperature Ti ,
it is assumed
the conditions have been hence there
steady achieved are

no
further changes in
temperature with time .

the window
to be with
2.
is assumed wall
a
plane
surfaces being maintained at
uniform temperatures throughout
Since the
surface temperatures are not the
varying
in
anole
y
£ directions it
variation , implies that the
temperature
occurs
through the window in the direction
from high
x
temperature to how temperature
-

i. a - dimensional
3. Thermal
properties constant since the are
materials are
and
homogeneous although there is a variation in

temperature the direction the variation

temperature
in x -

not
is
causing significant variation in the thermal properties .
 Radiation heat transfer although present
4.
. ,
is
disregarded
in this
analysis and it is assumed that the convection
heat
transfer coefficient accounts for any present radiation -

Schematic :

Ri Ra Ro To
÷
'I÷"
.

, o

gitotal
,

get E
' " " no =

=Ti-T
qgsgIf^
To
find Ti ,
resolve the circuit
from left
and right

¥
hi Toi
Toiri

Hito
Toi hi Ti
g.
-

= =

e-
hi

Ti-To# & total Lz

Ti
(

⇒-
qm.ae =
= >
=
t Too
Rin ,
t
Ro 2- t 1-
K
ho

g) (I Too
fitgi ) ⇐
+
⇒

Ti
-
-

.
t To
.
-
.

;
.

hi Ti +

haiti t.EE tho )

t
Tao
hi
÷ to .it hn÷ To i
hi
LI Ti -
- -

-
.

( i + hihzthnio ) Ti
-

-
Toi
( hihzthhio )
+
I (÷ t to .

Toi Chi Yi h÷ ) -
i -
I ⇐ tht ) t Tao
p
⇒ .
=

it hi Ya t
hi
ho