Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Crash Safety Practices
Crash Safety Practices
and Safety overview
Contents
1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA
2. Crashworthiness Restraint Technologies
3. Crash Legal Requirements
4. New Car Assessment Program (NCAP)
5. Front Impact Overview
6. Side Impact Overview
Seat Belt Use
Lap / Shoulder Reminder
Safety Belts
Dual Pretensioners
Dual Pretensioners
Belt Comfort Guide
Energy Management Knee Air Bags
System
Driver and Passenger Automatic Door Locks
Front Air Bags ‐‐ Dual Level
Passenger Rollover‐capable
Sensing Head Curtain Air Bag
System
Side Impact Air Bags
Crash Legal Requirements and Consumer Rating
Legal
requirements
FMVSS 208 Consumer
Consumer
ECE‐R94 ratings
… •Test setups (rigid barrier, ODB, … )
US NCAP
EURO NCAP
( % , % , )
•Dummies (5%ile female, 50%ile male, …)
…
•Crash velocities (40km/h, 56km/h, … )
Frontal impact
High Speed Low speed
CONSUMER
FMVSS 208 Danner
METRIC TEST
OFFSET
RIGID BARRIER DEFORMABLE
NCAP BARRIER
IIHS EURONCAP
IIHS , EURONCAP
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
Physics of a Crash
• Kinetic Energy = ½ mv2
v
• Work = F*D; where
• F ‐> Average Force on Vehicle by Wall
F • D ‐> Crush + Rebound of Vehicle
• Dissipate KE into Vehicle Deformation (or
Work) but away from occupant
• Energy Dissipation Rate α Injury
Energy Dissipation Rate α
• Constant Force as “ideal”
• Axial Crush as preferred mode
• Maximize Crush Space
• Minimize Intrusion
Structural Deformation in a Crash
Crush
Forrce
Bending
Deflection
Crush Space Measurement
Static Crush Space = Free Crush + Crushed Components
Dynamic Crush = Static Crush Space + Dynamic Dash Intrusion
Load Distribution Philosophy
Load Distribution Philosophy
Transition Zone bridges offset between loadpaths in crush zone & safety cage;
enables effective load transfer & provides stability control
Side Impact
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
Primary Load Path in Side Impact
St t l it i
Structural criteria:
• Load transfer continuity to doors.
• Small relative displacements
• Small absolute displacements up to
tt=40ms
40ms for enabling air bag inflation
for enabling air bag inflation
Roof Crush
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)