SmartIV Curve Solution

SOLAR.HUAWEI.COM
Training
 Smart IV Curve

WHAT are the most Vulnerable Parts in PV Plant?

Local
Management
Solar Panel & Rack DC Combiner Step-up Station Grid
Inverter + Transformer station

Simplified System
What about Remove Fuse
PV module ? Mbus
High Reliability
Management Digitalization
Inverter
STS

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve

Panel faults increase the uncertainty of PV investment

Source: Connecting PV Module Quality to Field Degradation, SOLARBUYER

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve

Impact and Risk of faults on plant

Possibility of
Fault Type Impact on Yield DC security risk
occurrence
PV string open circuit 0.5-0.7% for every string The risk of electric shock is in O&M Very High

Severe blockage causes hotspot risks on panels and affects panels reliability within the life
Dust 3-30% for every string High
cycle

Glass breakage 5% for every string Energy yield loss, panels reliability risks, and personal safety O&M risk Very High

Shade 1-5% for every string Same with the dust Very High

Mismatch in the PV string 1-4% for every string Maybe there is dust, shade or other problems Very High

String connection reverse 0.5-0.7% for every string The risk of electric shock is in O&M Very Low

PV module degradation 3-7% for the whole plant Panel reliability is affected within the life cycle Inevitable

Diode short circuit 1-4% for every string Panel reliability is affected within the life cycle High

PV module invalid 0.5-0.7% for every string The string information may not be configured successfully in system Very Low

Abnormal orientation 0.5-0.7% for every string Inherent problems in PV plant design and cause energy yield loss Very Low

High Temperature and

PID degradation 5-50% for the whole plant Affecting the service life of the panels.
Humidity Scenario

In severe cases, panels are burnt, causing insulation deterioration, accelerating aging, and
Hot spot 0.01% for every panel hotspot Very High
prolonging the service life of panels

High cable resistance 0.5-5% for the whole plant There is a fire risk caused by DC arcing. Low

Hidden crack Uncertain The panel causes hot spot risks, and reliability is affected within the life cycle. Very High

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve

Challenges to identify PV panel defects

Spot checking on PV strings via the IV Curve tracer The terrain is complex, and fault detected is difficult
Floating
Go onsite with the I-V tracer Floating
• Intense Labor Req. • Complex site
• Low Efficient • Inconvenient transportation

Rooftop
Disconnect the string for test Rooftop
• Low Sampling Rate • Dispersed
• High Risk for Both • high altitude risk

Connect to the tracer & measure Mountain Mountain

• High Cost • Rugged and steep
• Depend on Weather • Dispersed

Utility
Analyze the curves one/one Utility
• Low Efficient • Large scale and wide area
• Uncertainty • Workload is heavy

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve

Principle of the I-V Curve

Solar Cell

IV curve hide much of

information in PV string

PV string:
series/parallel connection of Cell

Equivalent Model
Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve

How to Recognize the String Failure from IV Curve

Normal String Glass Breakage

Dirt-cover Hidden Cracks

High string-resistance Partial shadowing

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve
Smart I-V Curve Diagnosis
5 GW+ Application Worldwide for Elevated O&M Efficiency
Accurate Failure Diagnosis &
14.5 MW Failure Rate 0.74% 40 MW Failure Rate 1.42%
Recovery Suggestions Provided Portfolios of PMGD projects in Chile Ground-mounted PV Plant in Golmud
9,61% 2,53%

8,26% 1,85%
0,84%
21,25% 0,51% Top 4
0,34% PV Module Failure

Diode Short Circuit

54,81% Abnormal Output Current
Open-circuit String
Glass Breakage/Hidden Crack

How to Solve How to Solve

Diode Short Circuit Abnormal Output Current
Step 1 - Inspect modules. Step 1 - Inspect modules. If there
Step 2 - If burning happens in are shades, eliminate them.
connection points, replace the Step 2 - If not, check if there is dirt
module. on the surface
Step 3 - If not, use IR camera to find Step 3 - If not, check if any module
internal failures. has a broken glass panel. Ground-mounted PV Plant in Malaysia Ground-mounted PV Plant in Turkey
… …
49 MW Failure Rate 12.1% 4 MW Failure Rate 3%

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve

Online automatic inspection for whole PV plant

Failure The possible cause of failure

PV string open circuit PV string breakage/PV string configured by mistake

Current mismatch in the PV

Shade/dust/PV module current inconsistent
string
PV module output current
Shade/glass breakage/hidden crack
abnormal
Diode short circuit/PV module invalid/PV module
PV string voltage abnormal
quantity incorrect
Data Processing
Low PV string short-circuit
•nonlinear implicit fit current
Abnormal orientation/dust/PV module degradation
•optimizing algorithm
•data mining Low PV string power Abnormal orientation/dust/PV module degradation

The solar radiation is insufficient

Pattern Recognition Excessively low irradiance
(Analyzed the data by HW inverter send)
•classifier
•neural network Missing configurations of Some PV panels information is not configuration in
PV strings the system
Excessively low PV string
PID degradation/dust/uneven PV module irradiance
One button initiate Algorithm including parallel resistance
Slight current mismatch in
String IV Scanning Dust/slight shade/glass breakage
the PV string
Abnormal curve near MPP
Hotspot/hidden crack/glass breakage
in the PV string
Excessively high PV string High cable resistance/abnormal internal resistance of
series resistance the PV module

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve

Working Flow of Smart IV-Curve

System Network

1. Initiate diagnosis and dispatch orders to inverters.

2. Implement diagnosis analysis
3. Generate diagnosis report

Network Management System

1. Initiate the Function 6. Analyze the Data
1. Receive and resend NMS orders to inverters
2. Receive and resend Inverter IV curve back to NMS
Data logger
Management System

1. Receive orders and implement IV curve data collection.

2. Send collected IV curve data to data logger.
Inverter
Local SCADA
PPC

Current/Voltage sensors for Stings 1. Collects IV curve data with high accuracy

2. Distribute Instruction

SACU/SmartLogger …
5. Collect String Data
3. Execute Instruction

Inverter
MBUS

Strings 4. Test String Curve

booster station Grid

Huawei Confidential

Smart I-V Curve Diagnosis can analyze 14+ faults
14+ Faults Diagnosis
Note: The system can automatically calculate the radiation intensity without EMI.
And the Smart I-V diagnosis can be started when the irradiance>400W/M2.
No Fault Sort the possible causes of failure No
1 PV string open circuit PV string breakage/PV string configured by mistake 8 Missing configurations of PV strings
2 Current mismatch in the PV string Shade/dust/PV module current inconsistent 9 Excessively low irradiance
3 Abnormal PV module output current Shade/glass breakage/hidden crack 10
Diode short circuit/PV module invalid/PV module
4 Abnormal PV string voltage 11
quantity incorrect
5 Low PV string short-circuit current Abnormal orientation/dust/PV module degradation 12
6 Low PV string power Abnormal orientation/dust/PV module degradation 13
Check whether PV strings are connected to the
7 No string connected 14
inverter
Huawei Confidential
Smart IV Curve
Simple:
One Click Smart I-V Curve Diagnosis
Efficient:
100 MW plant, 2,000,000 +data, 15 minutes' diagnosis(based on185KTL)
Automatic:
Diagnosis and O&M Report automatic generation
Valuable:
Improved yields, Lower OPEX, Guarantee plant safety
Fault Sort the possible causes of failure
Check whether string information is configured
in the system
The solar radiation is insufficient
(Analyzed the data by HW inverter send)
Slight current mismatch in the PV string Dust/slight shade/glass breakage
PID degradation/dust/uneven PV module
Excessively low PV string parallel resistance
irradiance
high cable resistance/abnormal internal
Excessively high PV string series resistance
resistance of the PV module
Abnormal curve near MPP in the PV string Hotspot/hidden crack/glass breakage
Scanning data invalid Irradiation cause
 Smart IV Curve
TUV Qualified Smart I-V Curve Diagnosis Solution
0.5% Sensor Accuracy Panel Failure Test Passed

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve
Smart I-V Curve for fast fault recovery and easy O&M

Smart I-V Curve Diagnosis Traditional IV Scanning

VS
Items Automatic Manual 1 2 Huawei Advantage
3 4

Scan Speed ~15min for 100 MW ~2 days for 1MW

Scan Resolution 128points 120points More Professional: Accuracy

Scan Accuracy Voltage/Current ≤0.5% Voltage/Current ≤1%

Scan Convenient Online Operation Field Operation

Scan Consistency More than 200 strings at the same time String by string at different time More Convenient: Online

Scan Footprint All samples Partial samples

Analysis & Report Automatic Analysis and Report Analysis by Technician More Intelligent: Automatic

100MW Plant, 5% Sampling,

Energy Loss ≈0kWh More Economic: Less Yields Loss
5~7Days Required, >1000kWh lost

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve
Smart I-V Curve Diagnosis- Key Performance
Device Model Version
SUN2000-36KTL
V200R002C00SPC113 and Later
SUN2000-42KTL
SUN2000-60KTL-M0 All versions
Huawei Commercial and utility Smart
SUN2000-60KTL-HV-D1-001 V100R001C00SPC101 and later
Inverter
SUN2000-100KTL-H1
SUN2000-105KTL-H1 All versions

SUN2000-185KTL-H1
Smartlogger Smartlogger 2000 V200R002C10SPC101 and later
NetEco NetEco 1000S V100R003C00SPC110 and later
FusionSolar FusionSolar 6.0 Smart PV730 V300R006C00SPC220 and later

Key performance
The sunlight exposure intensity must be at least (600W/m²)
String configuration information must be correct
A maximum of 200 inverters can be diagnosed at a time
Huawei inverter I-V scanning duration < 1s ;
You are advised to run diagnosis between 11:00 am and 13:00 pm.
Huawei inverter I-V scanning resolution: 128 data points
function after PV modules are cleaned or heavy rain has stopped.
The PV modules in the same array have an identical type and model. Every PV string has the same number of PV modules connected in series.

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve
Smart I-V Curve report introduction

Detection Report- Entire strings in the plant

• Plant base information
• Evaluation of the PV String Failure Rate
• Fault Type Analysis

Diagnosis Report- each string in the subarray

• Information of Task
• Overview on Diagnosis
• PV String I-V Curve Details
• PV String Performance Data Details

O&M Report – How to handle each failure in the subarray

• Information of Task
• Overview on Diagnosis
• Following advice

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve
Smart I-V Curve Detection Report overview introduction

Failures Number Ratio Failure Types Ratio

Distribution of Failure in Each subarray

Failure Ratio Cause

PV module output current 52.9 Shade, glass breakage or hidden crack

abnormal %
Current mismatch in the PV 19.1 Shade, dust or PV module current inconsistent
string %
PV string open circuit 18.4 PV string breakage or PV string configured by
% mistake
Abnormal curve near MPP in 7.6% Hotspot, hidden crack or glass breakage
the PV string
PV string voltage abnormal 2.0% diode short circuit, PV module invalid or PV
Huawei Confidential module quantity incorrect
 Smart IV Curve
Smart I-V Curve : Diagnosis report & O&M report
Diagnosis report O&M report

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve
How to use Smart IV Curve (click on the image to launch the video)

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve
Smart I-V Curve : Case study

Explore Huawei Rooftop power plant

Huawei Confidential
 Smart IV Curve
Smart I-V Curve : Case study

Huawei Confidential
Questions ?

Huawei Confidential
Thank you. 把数字世界带入每个人、每个家庭、
每个组织，构建万物互联的智能世界。
Bring digital to every person, home and
organization for a fully connected,
intelligent world.

Copyright©2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive

statements including, without limitation, statements regarding
the future financial and operating results, future product
portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that
could cause actual results and developments to differ materially
from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements.
Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose
only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei
may change the information at any time without notice.