Grade 10.

Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

G.C.E. Ordinary level Physics
Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18

Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

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Hirosh Mendis ysfrdaIa fukaäia Hirosh Mendis ysfrdaIa fukaäia Hirosh Mendis ysfrdaIa fukaäia Hirosh Mendis ysfrdaIa fukaäia Hirosh Mendis ysfrdaIa fukaäia Hirosh Mendis ysfrdaIa fukaäia Hirosh

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General certificate of Education (Ordinary Level).

• Answer all questions.

1. The engine of a motor vehicle develops a large amount of power.

Which statement is correct?
(1) The driving force acting on the vehicle must be large.
(2) The engine must have a very large volume.
(3) The engine must transfer large amounts of energy each second.
(4) The vehicle must be very fast.

2. The diagrams show two mercury barometers. The right-hand

diagram shows a tube of larger diameter. There is a vacuum
above the mercury in both tubes.
Which labelled position on the right-hand tube shows the
mercury level in the right-hand tube?

(1) A (3) C
(2) B (4) D

3. The diagram shows four solid objects resting on a horizontal surface. The objects all have the same
weight and are drawn to the same scale.
Which object exerts the least pressure on the surface?

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

4. On a hot day, the pressure of the air in a car tyre is greater than on a cold day.
Why is the pressure greater on a hot day?
(1) The air molecules strike each other more frequently.
(2) The air molecules strike each other with greater force.
(3) The air molecules strike the tyre walls more frequently.
(4) The number of air molecules in the tyre increases.

5. A man lifts 20 bricks, each of weight 6 N.

What other information is needed to calculate the useful work done in lifting the bricks?
(1) the distance he lifts the bricks
(2) the mass of the bricks
(3) the time taken to lift the bricks
(4) the volume of the bricks

6. To prevent a cement mixer sinking into soft ground, the mixer is placed on a large flat board.

Why does this prevent the mixer sinking?

(1) The large area decreases the pressure on the ground.
(2) The large area increases the pressure on the ground.
(3) The large area decreases the weight on the ground.
(4) The large area increases the weight on the ground.

7. The pressure of a gas is measured using a manometer as shown in the diagram.

The mercury in the manometer is replaced with a liquid
which is less dense.
How does the value of h change?
(1) It becomes zero.
(2) It decreases, but not to zero.
(3) It stays the same.
(4) It increases.

A man stands on the ground.

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

8. Which action will increase the pressure that the man exerts on the ground?
(1) The man slowly bends his knees.
(2) The man slowly lies down on the ground.
(3) The man slowly raises his arms.
(4) The man slowly raises one foot off the ground.

9. The diagram shows a simple mercury barometer.

Which length is used to find the value of atmospheric pressure?

(1) 12 cm (2) 74 cm (3) 86 cm (4) 100 cm

10. A skier walks from the bottom of a ski slope to the top and gains 10
000 J of gravitational potential energy. She skis down the slope. At the
bottom of the slope, her kinetic energy is 2000 J.
How much energy is dissipated in overcoming friction and air
resistance as the skier moves down the slope?
(1) 2000 J (2) 8000 J (3) 10 000 J (4) 12 000 J

11. Four different children run up the same set of stairs.

For which child is the useful power to climb the stairs the greatest?
mass of child / kg time taken / s
(1) 40 15
(2) 50 25
(3) 60 25
(4) 70 15

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

12. The diagram shows three vases each with the same base area. Each vase contains water of the same
depth.

Which statement about the water pressures at points P, Q and R is correct?

(1) The pressure at point P is the greatest.
(2) The pressure at point Q is the least.
(3) The pressure at point R is the greatest.
(4) The pressures at points P, Q and R are the same.

13. The diagram shows a simple mercury barometer.

The atmospheric pressure increases.
Which distance increases?
(1) VW
(2) WY
(3) XY
(4) XZ

14. Which quantities are measured in the same unit?

(1) energy, power and work
(2) energy and power, but not work
(3) energy and work, but not power
(4) power and work, but not energy

15. The diagram shows a ball hanging on a string. The ball swings from
point W to point Z and back to point W.
Which statement about the ball is correct?
(1) The kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at point W.
(2) The kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at point X.
(3) The kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at point Y.
(4) The kinetic energy of the ball is the same at all points of the
swing.

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

16. A person in a factory has to lift a box on to a shelf.

Which action involves the person doing the least amount of work?
(1) lifting the box quickly to the high shelf
(2) lifting the box slowly to the high shelf
(3) lifting the box to the low shelf first then lifting it to the high
shelf
(4) lifting the box to the low shelf instead of to the high shelf

17. What is the unit of power?

(1) joule (2) newton (3) pascal (4) watt

18. The diagram shows a U-tube manometer containing three liquids: mercury, liquid X and liquid Y.
Neither liquid X or liquid Y mixes with mercury.

Which row compares the pressure exerted by liquid X and by liquid Y on the mercury, and the density
of liquid X and the density of liquid Y?
pressure exerted by X and by Y on the mercury densities of X and of Y
(1) pressure of X is greater than Y density of X is greater than Y
(2) pressure of Y is greater than X density of Y is greater than X
(3) pressure of X and of Y is the same density of X is greater than Y
(4) pressure of X and of Y is the same density of Y is greater than X

19. Which diagram shows an athlete exerting least pressure on the ground?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

20. The input power to a motor is 300 W. In 20 s it lifts a load of 400 N through a height of 6.0 m. What
is the efficiency of the motor?
(1) 12 % (2) 25 % (3) 40 % (4) 75 %

21. The diagrams show, to the same scale, the vertical sections of a set of circular vessels. Each vessel
contains the same depth of water.

Which of the following statements is correct?

(1) The water exerts the greatest pressure on the base of vessel P.
(2) The water exerts the greatest pressure on the base of vessel S.
(3) The water exerts the same force on the base of each vessel.
(4) The water exerts the same pressure on the base of each vessel.

22. A labourer on a building site lifts heavy concrete blocks onto a lorry. Lighter blocks are now lifted the
same distance in the same time. What happens to the work done in lifting each block and the power
exerted by the labourer?
work done in lifting each block power exerted by labourer
(1) decreases decreases
(2) decreases remains the same
(3) increases increases
(4) remains the same increases

23. The system shown in the diagram contains a liquid.

A downward force of 80 N is exerted on piston K.

What will be the upward force exerted by the liquid on piston L?
(1) 1 N
(2) 4 N
(3) 80 N
(4) 1600 N

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

24. Four students exercise in a gym.

Which student does the most work?
exercise time / s power developed / W
(1) 50 250
(2) 100 150
(3) 200 200
(4) 250 30

25. Which formula gives the efficiency of an energy conversion?

(1) efficiency = total energy input - useful energy output
(2) efficiency = useful energy output × total energy input
(3) efficiency = useful energy output / total energy input
(4) efficiency = total energy input / useful energy output

26. A 2 kg mass is moving at constant speed. The kinetic energy of the mass is 400 J.
What is the speed of the mass?
(1) 0.4 m / s (2) 20 m / s (3) 200 m / s (4) 400 m / s

27. A crane moves its load diagonally, as shown.

By what distance is the weight of the load multiplied in order to calculate the increase in gravitational
potential energy of the load?

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

28. The efficiency of an electrical generator is 65 %.

Which useful output can be expected if the energy input to the generator is 12 kJ?
(1) 4.2 kJ (2) 7.8 kJ (3) 19 kJ (4) 780 kJ

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

29. Four different liquids are poured into identical measuring cylinders. The diagrams show the depths of
the liquids and their densities.
Which liquid causes the largest pressure on the base of its measuring cylinder?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

30. A ball is held at rest on one side of a curved track.

The ball is released. It rolls down one side of the track and part of the way up the other side. It then
stops, before rolling back down again. The height of the stopping point is less than that of the starting
point.
What is the sequence of energy changes between starting and stopping for the first time?
(1) potential energy → kinetic energy → potential energy + heat
(2) potential energy → kinetic energy → heat → potential energy
(3) potential energy → heat → kinetic energy → potential energy
(4) potential energy → kinetic energy + heat → potential energy + heat

31. A workman rolls a barrel of weight 2000 N up a plank of length 2.00 m and on to a lorry. The back of
the lorry is 0.80 m above the horizontal surface of the road.

What is the work done on the barrel against gravity?

(1) 1000 J (2) 1600 J (3) 2500 J (4) 4000 J

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

32. Energy from petrol is used to operate an engine. The engine drives a generator, which produces
electrical energy.

What is the overall efficiency of the process?

(1) 25 % (2) 30 % (3) 55 % (4) 83 %

33. Which statement about the pressure in a column of liquid is correct?

(1) It acts only vertically downwards.
(2) It increases if the column width increases.
(3) It increases with depth in the column.
(4) It is uniform throughout the column.

34. A crane lifts a weight of 1000 N through a vertical height of 30 m. It uses 60 000 J of energy.
What is the efficiency of the crane?
(1) 20 % (2) 30 % (3) 40 % (4) 50 %

35. A rock climber of weight 600 N climbs up a rock face of vertical height 300 m in 3600 s.
What is the average power she generates against gravity during this time?
(1) 0.020 W (2) 50 W (3) 1800 W (4) 7200 W

36. The diagram shows a simple manometer.

Side X is connected to a gas supply. Side Y is open to the atmosphere.
What pressure is the length h used to measure?
(1) the atmospheric pressure S
(2) the difference between the gas pressure R and the atmospheric
pressure S
(3) the gas pressure R
(4) the sum of the gas pressure R and the atmospheric pressure S

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

37. The diagram shows the principle of an hydraulic system.

38. The cross-sectional area of the master cylinder is 12.0 cm2 and the cross-sectional area of the slave
cylinder is 8.0 cm2. The force applied to the master piston is 60 N, producing a pressure of 5.0 N / cm2.
Which line in the table is correct?
pressure at slave cylinder N / cm2 force at slave cylinder N
(1) 3.3 40
(2) 3.3 90
(3) 5.0 40
(4) 5.0 90

39. A builder leaves two identical, heavy, stone tiles resting on soft earth. One is vertical and the other is
horizontal.

After a few hours, the vertical tile has started to sink into the soft earth, but the horizontal one has not.
Which row correctly compares the forces and the pressures that the tiles exert on the earth?
forces pressures
(1) different different
(2) different same
(3) same different
(4) same same

40. A man weighs 600 N. He runs up a staircase of total height 4.0 metres in 3.0 seconds.
How much useful power is needed to do this?
(1) 450 W (2) 800 W (3) 2400 W (4) 7200 W s

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 Grade 10. Unit 15 & 18 Pressure, Work, Energy & Power

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