Level K Social Studies Periodic 2 Drill February 2021

IMPORTANT NOTE TO STUDENTS

Review text and class notes BEFORE you do this sheet. This is symbolic drill to help you pinpoint main
topics & concepts in the text. It is NOT ENOUGH on its own for proper revision & tackling exam questions.

Chapter 2 - The Interwar Years (pages 46-60)

A) Russia and Communism / Section 2.4 (Pages 46-52)

1) Russian Society before WWI (p.46-47)
1) Describe Russia as compared to other European powers at the beginning of the First World War.
a) A large empire, not as advanced, underdeveloped industry, with poor, uneducated population.
b) Leading the way to the 20th Century, with an updated military and excellent technology.

2) What political groups existed in Tsarist Russia?

a) Socialist Revolutionaries, Russian Democratic Party
b) Cadets, Socialist Revolutionaries , Social Democrats (Bolsheviks), and Mensheviks

3) How could Russia’s social classes be described?

a) Industrial workers made up 20% of the population but lived adequate lives in the cities.
b) The aristocracy made up 1.5 % of the population yet owned 25% of Russia’s land. Peasants made
up 80% and were extremely poor.

2) The 1905 Revolution (p. 47-48)

4) When the Tsar went to war with Japan, he had intended to ____. a) take over Japan’s Pacific trade
b) unite the country behind him

5) What happened on Bloody Sunday, January 1905?

a) Fighting took place between opposing political groups and over 200,000 were killed.
b) A crowd of peaceful demonstrators were mercilessly shot at as they neared Tsar’s palace.

6) The demonstrators had come to demand ___. a) better wages and shorter working hours
b) better housing and high education

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 7) How did the Tsar rule between the 1905 Revolution and the First World War?
a) Allowing the middle class to form trade unions
b) Suppressing opposition through exile or executions

3) Russia during the First World War (p. 48-50)

8) During WWI, the Russian army ___. a) mostly consisted of poor peasants b) constantly mutinied

9) How did the Tsar rule between the 1905 Revolution and the First World War?
a) Allowing the middle class to form trade unions
b) Suppressing opposition through exile or executions

10) What was the situation in Russia when the First World War broke out?
a) The strikes continued even more strongly as peasants and workers rejected the idea of war.
b) The population supported the Tsar and the war effort, and strikes and demonstrations stopped.

11) Who joined in the strikes of 1917? a) workers, peasants, and dissatisfied soldiers
b) Mensheviks, soldiers and aristocrats
12) In 1917, the Russian Parliament formed___.
a) a provisional government that disobeyed the Tsar’s orders to disband
b) a committee of nobles and thinkers who advised the Tsar

13) What happened on March 15, 1917? a) Russia left the war in order to focus on internal problems.
b) The Tsar abdicated and the Provisional Government took control.

4) The Bolshevik Revolution (p. 50-51)

14) What was the situation of the Social Democrats in 1917?
a) They were outlawed and their leader Vladimir Lenin returned from exile.
b) They exiled Vladimir Lenin in order to re-gain control of their party.

15) Communists believed__.

a) a classless society could be led by capitalists, sharing their wealth, but with no workers participating
b) an equal society without different classes could be created through revolution by ordinary workers

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 16) Select all that apply.
By the ‘October Revolution’, Bolsheviks ___.
a) overthrew the Provisional Government
b) made peace with Germany and Russia left the war
c) created a secret police
d) allowed non-Bolshevik newpapers
e) distributed the Tsars’, Church’s and aristocracy’s lands to peasants

17) Who were the Mensheviks?

a) Communist opponents of the Bolsheviks who believed Russia was not yet ready for revolution
b) Enemies of the Bolsheviks who supported Tsarist rule

18) The term ‘proletariat’ refers to ___. a) landlords b) working class

19) Lenin promised Russians__ to gain support for a Bolshevik revolution. a) land, money and free education
b) peace, land and bread

20) How did Lenin react to the elections when Bolsheviks did not gain a majority?
a) He sent the Red Guards to close down the Constituent Assembly.
b) He asked for military support from the former Provisional Government.

5) The USSR and Stalin / Russia after the Civil War (p. 52)
21) What document did Lenin helped create for Russia in 1923? a) new alliances b) a new constitution

22) What did Russia become in 1923? ________________________________________________________

23) What facts are known about Trotsky? Select all that apply.
a) He was a prominent leader of the revolution, yet a rival of Stalin’s .
b) It was believed he would succeeed Lenin.
c) He was Lenin’s main helper at the Bolshevik Revolution.
d) He supported spreading communist revolution to other countries.

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 24) How did Stalin manage to gain control of the USSR?
a) Stalin won the leadership of the Communist Party through hard work, perseverance and dedication to
the Communist cause.
b) He put his supporters into important posts, used leading Communists to dominate the Party, and
finally, exiled Trotsky.

6) Stalin in power (p.53-55)

25) What was Stalin’s priority as he came to power?
a) modernizing Russian industry to strengthen its standing in the world.
b) improving farming techniques and food production so famines would never occur again

26) The first five-year plan focused on___.

a) heavy industries, transport and communications
b) heavy industries such as iron, coal, steel, oil, and electricity production

27) What were the social costs of Stalin’s program of industrialization?

a) harsh living conditions, tough working conditions, punishment, basic goods in short supply
b) crowded housing, spread of disease, shortened life spans

28) What was collectivization?

a) Farm produce was collected by farm workers and distributed to the poor. Farmers also donated
their surplus produce to a collective that got them high rewards.
b) Farmers were forced to join their farms with their neighbors’ to benefit from modern farming
methods, were told what and when to plant, and could not keep their harvest.

29) How did peasants react to collectivization?

a) They resisted it, sometimes destroying their own produce rather than handing it over.
b) Peasants enjoyed the benefits of the new methods and did not complain.

30) How did Stalin deal with peasants who resisted collectivization?
a) Collectivization was forced on them, they were arrested and sent to hard labor on industrial
projects
b) Their farms were burnt to the ground as punishment , and their farm animals killed.

31) Stalin used __ to keep himself in complete control. a) bribes and promotions b) propaganda and purges

B) Italy and Fascism/ Section 2.5 (pages 56-58)

1) Italy after the First World War (p.56)

1) How could Italy’s economic condition after the war be characterized?

a) Italy was in debt ___ / b) Unstable___
c) Famines plagued farming communities ___ / d) Suffering from high inflation___
e) Millions of Italians unemployed___
f) a , b, c, and d g) a, b, d and e
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 2) Why was Italy in a weak position after the First World War?
a) Italy had lost much of its population during the war and many were homeles..
b) Italians were unhappy with the decisions at the Paris Peace Conference concerning their
compensation and their government.

3) Which is true about political life in Italy after the First World War?
a) Communist ideas spread easily among dissatisfied workers and farmers.
b) Nationalist groups felt that a Russian-style Communist revolution was needed.

4) What did Italians belive was a way to resist the threat of a Communist revolution?
a) The king should be forced to resign and the army should take over government.
b) Nationalist groups should be supported.

5) What was the new name for the political group Mussolini formed? _____________________________

2) Mussolini and the Fascist Party (p.56-57)

6) What ideas support fascism? a) dictatorship / b) nationalist ideals

c) militarism / d) violence
e) All of the above

7) How did the Fascists attempt to end the Communist threat?

a) Armed bands of young men used violence against Communists, striking workers and demonstrators.
b) They intended to get a majority in parliament when allied with Socialists to force the Communists out.

8) Which view was adopted by Mussolini?

a) Replacement of democracy with a large group of experienced legislators
b) War as a means of gaining power and importance for Italy

3) Mussolini’s rise to power (p.57)

9) What were the results of the 1921 parliamentary elections for the Fascists?
a) The Fascists won a startling victory, which proved that Mussolini’s plan to seize power had
public support.
b) The Fascists gained only a small number of seats, driving Mussolini to plan other ways to
seize power.

10) What plan did Mussolini conceive in order to spark a crisis he could use to rise to power?
What was the result?
a) He called for a march on Milan with the pretext of stopping Communists from taking up jobs.
b) He called for a march on Rome with the pretext of stopping Communist demonstrations.

11) What happened as a result of the Fascists’ march?

a) The army stopped the marchers a long way from Rome.
b) The King invited Mussolini to become Prime Minister.

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4) Italy under Mussolini (p.57-58)

12) How did Mussolini’s government improve Italy?

a) Innovations in farming made Italy one of the strongest exporters of beef and poultry.
b) They built railways, bridges, canals, hospitals, schools, and highways known as autostradas.

13) Which of these are features of a totalitarian system?

a) One-party rule / b) Democratic voting
c) Cult of one leader / d) Government involvement in all aspects of life
e) complete obedience / f) Citizens forced to march constantly in parades
g) a, c, d , e h) b, d, f

C) The USA / Section 2.6 (Pages 59-60)

The USA after WWI (p.59-60)

1) What was the economic situation like in the USA after World War I? Select all that apply.
a) The USA was rich in natural resources.
b) American industry was rapidly growing.
c) US Agriculture was modernized and highly productive.
d) The USA benefitted from WWI as it sold lots of products to Europe.
e) The US imported lots of resources from Japan to support its booming economy.
f) Republican policies helped boost the economy, with low taxes, protective tariffs, and little government
intervention.

2) Which political party did US presidents belong to during the 1920s? ___________________________

3) US economy boomed as it was based on __. a) the sale of consumer goods b) European loans

4) The moving production line resulted in producing ___. a) luxury items b) cheap products

5) Which industry was the most important in the 1920s? _______________________

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