Accessibility Document Citing and Referencing Module3

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Accessibility Document
How to cite and reference
Slide 1
Description: Banner image of an open textbook. Text and a Start button
Heading:
How to cite and reference
Information caption:
This topic introduces:
• The elements that make up a reference
• Where to find publication details
• How to cite a source within a source
Monash University Library

www.monash.edu/library/
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Slide 2
Description: screenshot includes text, a text box containing the reference

sections, clickable buttons and back arrow and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Elements of a reference
Understanding the elements that make up a reference is essential for you to
record your sources correctly. This means that the readers of your work will
be able to locate your sources too. Most references include the title, authors
and publication date but they may differ in the other elements included.
Instruction caption: Click the images below to display the elements of a

reference.
Headings of clickable buttons [clicking a heading will display the sample

reference with its corresponding sections in a text box]:
1. Journal
Alderman, B.L., Benham-Deal, T.B. & Jenkins, J.M. [Authors] (2010)
[Year]. Change in parental influence on children’s physical activity over
time [Article title]. Journal of Physical Activity & Health [Journal name],
7(1) [Vol. and issue no.], 60-67 [Pages].
2. Book
Baird, J. [Author] (2004) [Year]. Media tarts: How the media frames
female politicians [Book title]. Melbourne, VIC [Place of publication]:
Scribe [Publisher].

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3. Website
Better Health Channel [Author]. (2009) [Year]. Diabetes [Article title].
Retrieved from
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Diabete
s_explained?open [URL]
4. Book chapter
Strangio, P. [Author] (2006) [Year]. John Cain Jnr: The burden of
history [Article title]. In P. Strangio & B. Costar (Eds.) [Editors], The
Victorian Premiers, 1856-2006 [Book title]. Sydney, NSW [Place of
publication]: Federation Press [Publisher].

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Slide 3
Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

answer options, a feedback box and back arrow and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Check your understanding
Question:
Look at the reference below.
Swales, J. M. & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic writing for graduate students:

essential tasks and skills (3rd ed.) Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan
Press.
This is:
Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

1. A book
2. A chapter in a book
3. A journal article
4. A website

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Slide 4

Question:
Hutton, T. A. (2009). The geography of design in the city. In G. Rusten & J.

Bryson (Eds.), Industrial design, competition and globalization (pp. 1-20).
Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
This is:

1. A book
2. A website

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Slide 5

Question:
Morgan, J. M., & Pullin, D. (2011). Social science and the courts: Challenges
and strategies for bridging gaps between law and research. Educational
Researcher, 39(7), 515-524.
This is:

1. A website
4. A book

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Slide 6

Question:
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2015). Regional Population Growth,

Australia, 2013-14. Retrieved from
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0
This is:

1. A website
4. A book

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Slide 7
Description: screenshot includes text, a text box containing the reference

sections, clickable buttons and back arrow and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Elements of a reference - Multimedia
As with referencing texts, understanding the elements that make up a
multimedia reference is essential for you to record your sources correctly.
This means that the readers of your work will be able to locate your sources
too.
Most references include the title, authors and publication date but they may
differ in the other elements included.
Instruction caption: Click the images below to display the elements of a

reference.
Headings of clickable buttons [clicking a heading will display the sample

reference with its corresponding sections in a text box]:
1. YouTube video
Monash University Library [Author]. (2014, September 28) [Date].
Library: Strengthening research [Video title] [Video file] [Format].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtLm6eSEko0 [URL]
2. Streaming video

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Crombie, N., Kearney, M., & Byrne, P. [Author] (2011) [Year]. Jane
Austen: The Unseen Portrait? [Video title] [Streaming video] [Format].
Melbourne, VIC [Place of publication]: Informit [Publisher]. Retrieved
from http://edutv.informit.com.au/watch-screen.php?videoID=266807
[URL]
3. DVD
Kodaly Education Institute of Australia [Author]. (2009) [Year]. Musical
beginnings songs and rhymes for early childhood [DVD title] [DVD]
[Format]. Forest Lake, QLD [Place of publication]: KMEI Kodály Music
Education Institute of Australia [Publisher].
4. Podcast
Zsivanovits, K. [Author] (Presenter) [Role], & Funnell, A. [Author]
(Producer) [Role]. (2017, July 16) [Date]. Animals and technology
[Podcast title] [Audio podcast] [Format]. Retrieved from
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/futuretense/animals-and-
technolgy/8421560#transcript [URL]
5. Musical score
Schubert, F. [Author/composer] (n.d.) [Year]. Symphony no.5 in B flat
major (Kalmus orchestra library) [Score title] [Score] [Format]. New
York, NY [Place of publication]: Edwin F. Kalmus [Publisher].
6. Web image
Monash University [Author]. (2011) [Year]. Music In the Round
Orchestra 2007 [Image description/title] [Photograph] [Format].
Retrieved from
https://imagelibrary.monash.edu/sites/#1500959218694_7 [URL]

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Slide 8

Question:
Jones, R. (Producer) & Mohamed, H. (Presenter). (2017, April 11).

Adventures in Social Mobility [Podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04zrkxv
This is:

1. An image
2. A podcast
3. A YouTube video
4. A DVD

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Slide 9

Question:
Limb, C. (2011, December 1). Charles Limb: Building the musical muscle
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTE0MRRXNz
This is:

1. An image
2. A YouTube video
3. A podcast
4. A musical store

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Slide 10

Question:
Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria.

(2017). Coolaroo centre [photograph]. Retrieved from
https://dhhs.vic.gov.au/news-media/news/coolaroo-community-health-
assessment-centre-and-running
This is:

1. An image
2. A musical score
3. A painting
4. A chart

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Slide 11

Question:
Kats-Chernin, E., & Australian Music Centre. (2004). Mythic 2004 [Musical
score]. Grosvenor Place, NSW: Australian Music Centre.
This is:

1. A CD
2. A map
3. A recording
4. A musical score

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Slide 12

Question:
The Great Courses. (2017). Chemical Energy, Biomass, and Photosynthesis

[Streaming video]. San Francisco, CA: The Great Courses. Retrieved from
http://monash.kanopystreaming.com/video/chemical-energy-biomass-and-
photosynthesis
This is:

1. A podcast
2. A streaming video
3. A CD
4. A DVD

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Slide 13

Question:
Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation. (2003). Australia

advances (Australia Advances 1) [DVD]. Collingwood, VIC: CSIRO
Publishing.
This is:

1. An image
2. A CD
3. A DVD
4. A YouTube video

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Slide 14
Description: screenshot includes text, clickable buttons and back arrow and
next arrow buttons.
Heading: Finding publication information
The details required for your citations and references can be found in the
sources themselves (e.g. books, journals, etc.). Knowing where to find this
information makes compiling your reference list a lot easier.
Instruction caption: Click each image to see examples of where the

elements of a reference are commonly found.
Headings of clickable buttons [clicking a heading will display a new

window]:
1. Journal
2. Podcast
3. Book chapter
4. Music score
5. CD
6. Book
7. Online video
8. Website
To skip this slide, go to Slide 15.

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Slide 14_1 – Journal articles
Description: screenshot includes text, clickable buttons and a close window

button.
Heading: Journal articles
In order to reference a journal article you need the following publication
details:
• author of the article
• title of the article
• year of publication
• title of journal
• volume
• issue or number
• page numbers
For some referencing styles, you may also need to find the DOI (Digital Object
Identifier), URL (web address), or the name of the database. Check your
specific referencing style guide for exact requirements.
Instruction caption:
Publication details can be found in three places. Click the headings to learn
more.
Headings (when clicked, a new window appears):

• On the article
• Online

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• Print journal
Navigation buttons:
Close [leads to the ‘Finding publication information’ index page]

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Slide 14_1_1a – Journal articles – On the article (PDF) (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a journal article,

a close window button and back arrow and next arrow buttons.
Heading: On the article (PDF)
A PDF of the journal article will usually have most of the publication details. If
it doesn’t you may need to find the missing information from the online journal.
You can find the title of the article and the name of the author(s) on the first
page of the article. You’ll also need to note the page number where the article
starts and ends.
This doesn’t include all the information you would need to reference the
article. Where would you find it?
• Find the journal online

• Ask a librarian
• Check your reading list
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the ‘Journal article’ page]
Next [leads to the next ‘On the article (PDF)’ page]

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Slide 14_1_1b – Journal articles – On the article (PDF) (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a journal article,

a drag and drop activity, a close window button, a back arrow button leading
to the previous page and a return button leading to the ‘Journal articles’ page.
Drag the publication details from the title page to the boxes below. The correct
answers will be highlighted in green.
Matching activity [for correct answers, refer to Appendix A]:
Journal article components Publication components

Identity marketing: How consumers Is this an Article title, Journal title,
define who they are by the things Author(s), Volume, Pages, Issue or
they buy Year?
Sarah Fisher, Somewhere University Is this an Article title, Journal title,
Sandra Hunter, University of Author(s), Volume, Pages, Issue or
Elsewhere Year?
Thing Marketing & Economics Is this an Article title, Journal title,
Author(s), Volume, Pages, Issue or
Year?
3 Is this an Article title, Journal title,
Year?
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘On the article (PDF)’ page]
Return [leads to the ‘Journal article’ page]
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Slide 14_1_2a – Journal articles – Online (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of an online journal

article, a close window button and back arrow and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Online journal articles
If you find an article online you can usually get the publication details from the
article’s page on the site or database.
Most databases give the publication information for an article near the top or
bottom of that article’s webpage.
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘Online journal articles’ page]

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Slide 14_1_2b – Journal articles – Online (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of an online journal

article, a drag and drop activity, a close window button, a back arrow button
leading to the previous page and a return button leading to the ‘Journal
articles’ page.
Online journal article components Publication components

Identity marketing: How consumers Is this an Article title, Journal title,
define who they are by the things Author(s), Volume, Pages, Issue or
they buy Year?
Sarah Fisher, Somewhere University Is this an Article title, Journal title,
Sandra Hunter, University of Author(s), Volume, Pages, Issue or
Elsewhere Year?
Thing Economics & Marketing Is this an Article title, Journal title,
Year?
Volume 12 Is this an Article title, Journal title,
Year?
No. 4 Is this an Article title, Journal title,
Year?
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2013 Is this an Article title, Journal title,

Year?
pp. 3-6 Is this an Article title, Journal title,
Year?
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘Online journal articles’ page]

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Slide 14_1_3a – Journal articles – Print (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a print journal, a

close window button and back arrow and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Print journal
All the information you need for a reference for an article from a print journal is
located on the article or on the cover and contents page of the journal.
Be careful of bound journals, which have multiple issues stitched together -

you need to look at the cover of the individual issue, not the whole bound set.
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘Online journal articles’ page]

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Slide 14_1_3b – Journal articles – Print (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a print journal

article, a drag and drop activity, a close window button, a back arrow button
leading to the previous page and a return button leading to the ‘Journal
articles’ page.
Print journal article components Publication components

Thing economics & marketing Is this a Journal title, Volume, Issue
or Date?
Vol. 34 Is this a Journal title, Volume, Issue
or Date?
No. 4 Is this a Journal title, Volume, Issue
or Date?
September 2013 Is this a Journal title, Volume, Issue
or Date?
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘Online journal articles’ page]

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Slide 14_2a – Podcast (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a podcast

webpage, a close window button and a next arrow button.
Heading:
To reference a podcast or vodcast you should try to find:
• Author/presenter
• Title
• Organisation responsible
• Date
• URL
Check your specific referencing guide for exact requirements.
Websites with podcasts vary considerably. To find the information about the
podcast you’re referencing, you may need to look at the bottom of the page or
on the about page.
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘Podcast’ page]

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Slide 14_2b – Podcast (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a podcast

webpage, a drag and drop activity, a close window button and a back arrow
button.
Podcast components Publication components

The Jazz Cast Is this an Author/Presenter, URL,
Organisation responsible, Title or
Date published?
Harold Brown Is this an Author/Presenter, URL,
Date published?
86: The History of The Saxophone Is this an Author/Presenter, URL,
Date published?
Dec 12, 2014 Is this an Author/Presenter, URL,
Date published?
www.thejazzcast.com.au Is this an Author/Presenter, URL,
Date published?

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Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘Podcast’ page]

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Slide 14_3a – Book chapter (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a book chapter

webpage, a close window button and a next arrow button.
Heading: Book chapter
To reference a chapter from a print or electronic book, you will need details
from both the chapter and the book itself.
Information about the chapter is usually found at the start of the chapter.
Information about the book can be found on the front and back of the title
page of the book.
The first page of the chapter should give the title of the chapter, and the
names of the author(s) if they’re different to those of the book.
Remember to make a note of the first and the last page numbers of the
chapter.
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘Book chapter’ page]

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Slide 14_3b – Book chapter (2)

webpage, a close window button and a back arrow and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Book chapter – title page
The title page appears near the start of the book, and features the title of the
book and name of the author(s) or editor(s) in prominent text. The publisher,
place and date of publication may also appear on this page.
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘Book chapter’ page]

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Slide 14_3c – Book chapter (3)

webpage, a close window button and a back arrow and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Book chapter – back of title page
The back of the title page usually gives more information about the book and
publisher. If the date or place of publication aren’t on the title page, you can
find them here.
In older books, this information is sometimes at the back of the book instead.
If there is more than one place of publication listed most referencing styles
only require the first.
Navigation buttons:

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Slide 14_3d – Book chapter (4)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a book chapter,

a drag and drop activity, a close window button, a back arrow button and a
next arrow button.
Drag the publication details from the chapter to the boxes below. The correct
Book chapter components Publication components

Making things work: Changes and Is this a Chapter title, Chapter
challenges in implementation author(s) or Start page?
68 Is this a Chapter title, Chapter
author(s) or Start page?
Joanne Bloggs Is this a Chapter title, Chapter
author(s) or Start page?
Navigation buttons:

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Slide 14_3e – Book chapter (5)

a drag and drop activity, a close window button, a back arrow button and a
next arrow button.

A Darkwell Press Publication Is this a Title, Editor(s) or Publisher?
Jane Citizen and John Doe Is this a Title, Editor(s) or Publisher?
The internet of things: designing Is this a Title, Editor(s) or Publisher?
tomorrow’s web
Navigation buttons:

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Slide 14_3f – Book chapter (6)

a drag and drop activity, a close window button and a back arrow button.

2014 Is this a Place of Publication, Date of
publication or Publisher?
Wooly-Darkwell Inc. Is this a Place of Publication, Date of
Hoboken, NJ Is this a Place of Publication, Date of
Navigation buttons:

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Slide 14_4a – Music score (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a music score, a

close window button and a next arrow button.
Heading:
To reference a music score you can usually find the information you need on
the cover or title page. Additional information can sometimes be found on the
back of the title page, or on the last page of the score.
Note: Scores sometimes do not have a date of publication listed: in such a

case, write ‘n.d.’ (meaning ‘no date’).
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘Music score’ page]

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Slide 14_4b – Music score (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a music score, a

drag and drop activity, a close window button and a back arrow button.

Symphony no. 101 in F minor Is this a Composer, Title, Editor,
Place of publication, Publisher or
Year of publication?
Frederick Snerd Is this a Composer, Title, Editor,
Classic Editions Is this a Composer, Title, Editor,
1975 Is this a Composer, Title, Editor,
Frankfurt Is this a Composer, Title, Editor,
Ed. Walter Person Is this a Composer, Title, Editor,
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Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘Music score’ page]

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Slide 14_5a – CD (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a CD, a close

window button and a next arrow button.
Heading:
When referencing a sound recording on CD, you can usually find the
information you need on the back cover and spine of the CD, or within the
booklet included with the CD.
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘CD’ page]

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Slide 14_5b – CD (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a CD, a drag and

drop activity, a close window button and a back arrow button.

Symphony no. 101 in F minor Is this a Composer, Title, Track title,
Date published, Publisher, Performer
or Publisher’s catalogue number?
Frederick Snerd Is this a Composer, Title, Track title,
Schnell Is this a Composer, Title, Track title,
EMU Classics 1234567 Is this a Composer, Title, Track title,
2005 Is this a Composer, Title, Track title,
EMU Records Is this a Composer, Title, Track title,
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Nar Nar Goon Philharmonic Is this a Composer, Title, Track title,
Orchestra Date published, Publisher, Performer
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘CD’ page]

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Slide 14_6a – Book (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a book title page,

a close window button and a next arrow button.
Heading: Book - title page
When referencing a print or electronic book, you can usually find the
information you need on the front and back of the title page.
The title page appears near the start of the book.
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘Book’ page]

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Slide 14_6b – Book (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a book page, a

close window button, a back arrow button and a next arrow button.
Heading: Book – back of title page
The back of the title page usually gives more information about the book and
publisher. If the date or place of publication aren’t on the title page, you can
find them here.
In older books, this information is sometimes at the back of the book instead.
If there is more than one place of publication listed most referencing styles
only require the first.
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘Book’ page]
Next [leads to the next ‘Book’ page]

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Slide 14_6c – Book (3)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a book title page,


Deconstructing Things: Inanimate Is this an Author(s), Title, Place of
objects in literature publication, Date published or
Publisher?
Jacques Rabbit, Katerina Fish, Belle Is this an Author(s), Title, Place of
Bird publication, Date published or
Publisher?
Circle and Sons Ltd. Is this an Author(s), Title, Place of
publication, Date published or
Publisher?
1996 Is this an Author(s), Title, Place of
Publisher?
New York, NY Is this an Author(s), Title, Place of
Publisher?
Navigation buttons:
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Back [leads to the previous ‘Book’ page]


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Slide 14_7a – Online video (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of an online video,

a close window button and a next arrow button.
Heading:
To reference a YouTube or other online video, you should try to find:
• Creator
• Title
• Date published
• URL
Check your specific referencing guide for exact requirements.
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘Online video’ page]

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Slide 14_7b – Online video (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of an online video,


Linda Smith Is this a URL, Title, Creator(s) or
Date published?
www.archivids.com.au Is this a URL, Title, Creator(s) or
Date published?
The architecture of Rome Is this a URL, Title, Creator(s) or
Date published?
9 Aug 2013 Is this a URL, Title, Creator(s) or
Date published?
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘Online video’ page]

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Slide 14_8a – Website (1)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a website, a

close window button and a next arrow button.
Heading: Website
In order to reference a website or web page you should try to find the:
• date created or updated, or copyright date

• organisation/author/publisher
• title
• URL
Check your specific referencing style guide for exact requirements.
Websites vary considerably. To find the information you want you may need
to look at the bottom of the page or on the about page.
Navigation buttons:
Next [leads to the next ‘Website’ page]

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Slide 14_8b – Website (2)
Description: screenshot includes text, an image example of a website, a drag

and drop activity, a close window button and a back arrow button.

www.deptofthings.com.au Is this a URL, Title, Publisher or
Date?
Department of Things Is this a URL, Title, Publisher or
Date?
15th May 2015 Is this a URL, Title, Publisher or
Date?
Procedures for the safe storage, Is this a URL, Title, Publisher or
transport and handling of things Date?
Navigation buttons:
Back [leads to the previous ‘Website’ page]

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Slide 15
Description: screenshot includes text, four clickable buttons and back arrow
and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Where to place in-text citations
In many cases you will be able to place your citations at the end of a
sentence, or even a paragraph. But it’s not always so simple. Your readers
need to know which ideas, opinions or findings are your own, and which are
the work of others.
It is also important to make clear exactly which information came from which
source. This can become complex when synthesising information from a
variety of sources. Click on the headings below to learn more.
Headings of clickable buttons [clicking a heading will display a new

window]:
1. When all content in a paragraph is from the same source
2. When content in a single sentence is from different sources
3. When the same information appears in several sources
4. When a paragraph contains both your own contribution and information
from sources
To skip this slide, go to Slide 16.

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Slide 15a
Description: screenshot includes text and a return button.
Heading: When all content in a paragraph is from the same source
In this case the citation is usually placed at the end of the paragraph.
However in some cases it can appear at the beginning. Either way, it must be
completely clear exactly where the cited content begins and ends.
Examples:
A. Sarpkaya (1971) was able to classify vortex breakdown by varying swirl

intensity in a guidevane vortex tube. He found that vortex breakdown
developed from a double helix to a spiral formation, and finally to a bubble
shape as the swirl intensity increased. Other researchers used different
methods to try to establish a ….
B. Vortex breakdown can be seen to develop from a double helix to a spiral

formation, and finally to a bubble shape, as the swirl intensity in a guidevane
vortex tube is increased (Sarpkaya, 1971). Further insights into the
phenomenon are provided by….
Navigation buttons:
Return [leads to the ‘Where to place in-text citations’ slide]

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Slide 15b
Heading: When content in a single sentence is from different sources
It must always be clear exactly which information came from which source.
Compare the two sentences below (A & B) with the sentence beneath that
describes it.
Examples:
A. The technique developed by Brooks et al. (2002) has been used

successfully with both aluminium (Brooks & Aoshima, 2004) and steel (Wong
et al., 2012).
Brooks and Aoshima (2004) used the technique with aluminium and
steel. Wong (2012) used it with steel.
B. The technique developed by Brooks et al. (2002) has been used

successfully with both aluminium and steel (Brooks & Aoshima, 2004; Wong
et al., 2012).
Brooks and Aoshima (2004) and Wong (2012) used the technique with
both aluminium and steel.
Navigation buttons:

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Slide 15c
Heading: When the same information appears in several sources
This is common in two contexts.
a. When reporting information that is new to you but is well established in the
field of study. In this case you are likely to read the same information in a
number of sources.
Example:
A ‘grammar’ is the body of rules governing the way phonology,
morphology, syntax and semantics combine to form meaning in a
language (Akmajian et al., 1990; Fromkin et al., 1996; Baker &
Hengeveld, 2012).
b. When setting up a general context before introducing the specific topic.
Example:
The need to improve anaerobic processes to optimise nitrate removal is
well established (Davis et al., 2001; Gerardi, 2003; Hunho et al., 2003).
Navigation buttons:

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Slide 15d
Description: screenshot includes text, clickable buttons and a return button.
Heading: When a paragraph contains both your own contribution and

information from sources.
In this case it must be clear which content is your own work or ideas and
which is the work or ideas of others.
Example:
Belief in the power of the mind to overcome cancer persists, likely influenced
by stories of patients who do recover from life threatening cancers. Ward
(1996) describes a breast cancer patient who was able to keep her malignant
tumour localised for seven years, before undergoing chemotherapy and
radiotherapy to finally destroy the cancer. During this time, she underwent
vibrational healing and oxygen therapy, took high doses of Vitamin C and
Vitamin B17 (Laetrile), and adopted a positive attitude toward life and living.
This may well be an example of the phenomenon Sarafino (1990) notes of
patients who appear to 'will away' cancer. However, the continued lack of
scientific evidence suggests that the explanation lies elsewhere.
Question:

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Note how the writer has positioned her citations so that it is clear where her
own ideas begin and end. Click on the sentences which contain the writer’s
ideas.
For answers, refer to Appendix A.
Navigation buttons:

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Slide 16
Description: screenshot includes text, two clickable buttons and back arrow
and next arrow buttons.
Heading: Citing a source within a source
Referring to one source based on a quotation, description or citation which
appears in another source is known as a secondary citation or secondary
reference.
Question:
I should always use original sources as my references.
True or False?
For feedback, refer to Appendix A

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Slide 17
Description: screenshot includes text and back arrow and next arrow
buttons.
Heading: Citing a source within a source (cont.)
However, if there is a good reason you can’t use the original, it may be
appropriate to use a secondary citation. For example, if the original source is
in another language and no translation is available.
In most referencing styles, you should mention the original source in your text
but cite and reference the source you actually used.
For example:
Examples:
1. One of the major responsibilities of Scandinavian kings was to make

laws - in the saga Heimskringla, the author Snorri Sturluson notes that
King Hakon the Good placed “great stress on legislation” (Wolf, 2004,
p. 150).
Wolf, K. (2004). Viking Age: Everyday life during the extraordinary era
of the Norsemen. New York: Sterling.

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2. In her book, Notes on Hospitals, Florence Nightingale stated that “...the

very first requirement in a Hospital (is) that it should do the sick no
harm.” (Nightingale, 1859 as cited in Dossey, 1999). It is unacceptable
that in this day and age patients still die every year from infections
acquired in hospital.
Dossey, B. M. (1999). Florence Nightingale: Mystic, Visionary, Healer.

Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corporation.

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Slide 18
Description: screenshot includes text, links and a Restart button.
Heading: What and when to cite and reference
Well done. You have completed this module.
To learn more about citing and referencing and to see examples in various
styles, go to the Citing and referencing Library Guide.
Learning how to cite and reference is only one part of academic integrity. To
learn more about academic integrity, look at the Academic integrity
modules.
Click on the Restart button if you want to do this module again.

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Appendix A
Slide 3
Question:
Swales, J. M. & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic writing for graduate students:

essential tasks and skills (3rd ed.) Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan
Press.
This is:
Correct answer:
 A book
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a book because it has a single
tile, an edition number and the publisher’s name and location.
Incorrect answers:
 A chapter in a book
Feedback: Try again
 A journal article
Feedback: Try again
 A website
Feedback: Try again
Slide 4
Question:
Hutton, T. A. (2009). The geography of design in the city. In G. Rusten & J.

Bryson (Eds.), Industrial design, competition and globalization (pp. 1-20).
Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
This is:
Correct answer:
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a chapter in a book because the
chapter title is followed by ‘In’ and the book title, it has editors and a
publisher’s name and location
Incorrect answers:

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 A book
Feedback: Try again
 A website
Feedback: Try again
Feedback: Try again
Slide 5
Question:
Morgan, J. M., & Pullin, D. (2011). Social science and the courts: Challenges
and strategies for bridging gaps between law and research. Educational
Researcher, 39(7), 515-524.
This is:
Correct answer:
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a journal article because it has
an article title, a journal title and volume, issue and page numbers.
Incorrect answers:
 A website
Feedback: Try again
Feedback: Try again
 A book
Feedback: Try again
Slide 6
Question:
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2015). Regional Population Growth,

Australia, 2013-14. Retrieved from
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0
This is:
Correct answer:
 A website

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Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a website because it contains a

URL. Some referencing styles also include the word [online].
Incorrect answers:
Feedback: Try again
Feedback: Try again
 A book
Feedback: Try again
Slide 8
Question:
Jones, R. (Producer) & Mohamed, H. (Presenter). (2017, April 11).

Adventures in Social Mobility [Podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04zrkxv
This is:
Correct answer:
 A podcast
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a podcast because the

reference includes a producer, presenter and the format.
Incorrect answers:
 An image
Feedback: Try again
 A YouTube video
Feedback: Try again
 A DVD
Feedback: Try again
Slide 9
Question:
Limb, C. (2011, December 1). Charles Limb: Building the musical muscle
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTE0MRRXNz
This is:
Correct answer:

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 A YouTube video
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a YouTube video because of the
URL.
Incorrect answers:
 An image
Feedback: Try again
 A podcast
Feedback: Try again
 A musical score
Feedback: Try again
Slide 10
Question:
Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria.

(2017). Coolaroo centre [photograph]. Retrieved from
https://dhhs.vic.gov.au/news-media/news/coolaroo-community-health-
assessment-centre-and-running
This is:
Correct answer:
 An image
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is an image by the format.
Incorrect answers:
 A musical score
Feedback: Try again
 A painting
Feedback: Try again
 A chart
Feedback: Try again
Slide 11
Question:
Kats-Chernin, E., & Australian Music Centre. (2004). Mythic 2004 [Musical
score]. Grosvenor Place, NSW: Australian Music Centre.
This is:

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Correct answer:
 A musical score
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a musical score by the format.
Incorrect answers:
 A CD
Feedback: Try again
 A map
Feedback: Try again
 A recording
Feedback: Try again
Slide 12
Question:
The Great Courses. (2017). Chemical Energy, Biomass, and Photosynthesis

[Streaming video]. San Francisco, CA: The Great Courses. Retrieved from
http://monash.kanopystreaming.com/video/chemical-energy-biomass-and-
photosynthesis
This is:
Correct answer:
 A streaming video
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a streaming video by the format
and URL.
Incorrect answers:
 A podcast
Feedback: Try again
 A CD
Feedback: Try again
 A DVD
Feedback: Try again
Slide 13
Question:

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Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation. (2003). Australia

advances (Australia Advances 1) [DVD]. Collingwood, VIC: CSIRO
Publishing.
This is:
Correct answer:
 A DVD
Feedback: Correct. You can tell this is a DVD by the format.
Incorrect answers:
 An image
Feedback: Try again
 A CD
Feedback: Try again
 A YouTube video
Feedback: Try again
Slide 14_1_1b
Correct answer
Journal article components Publication components

Identity marketing: How consumers Article title
define who they are by the things
they buy
Sarah Fisher, Somewhere University Author(s)
Sandra Hunter, University of
Elsewhere
Thing Marketing & Economics Journal title
3 Pages
Slide 14_1_2b
Correct answer
Online journal article components Publication components

Identity marketing: How consumers Article title
define who they are by the things
they buy
Sarah Fisher, Somewhere University Author(s)
Sandra Hunter, University of
Elsewhere
Thing Economics & Marketing Journal title
Volume 12 Volume
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No. 4 Issue
2013 Year
pp. 3-6 Pages
Slide 14_1_3b
Correct answer
Print journal article components Publication components

Thing economics & marketing Journal title
Vol. 34 Volume
No. 4 Issue
September 2013 Date
Slide 14_2b
Correct answer
Podcast components Publication components

The Jazz Cast Organisation responsible
Harold Brown Author/Presenter
86: The History of The Saxophone Title
Dec 12, 2014 Date published
www.thejazzcast.com.au URL
Slide 14_3d
Correct answer

Making things work: Changes and Chapter title
challenges in implementation
68 Start page
Joanne Bloggs Chapter author(s)
Slide 14_3e
Correct answer

A Darkwell Press Publication Publisher
Jane Citizen and John Doe Editor(s)
The internet of things: designing Title
tomorrow’s web
Slide 14_3f

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Correct answer

2014 Date of publication
Wooly-Darkwell Inc. Publisher
Hoboken, NJ Place of Publication
Slide 14_4b
Correct answer

Symphony no. 101 in F minor Title
Frederick Snerd Composer
Classic Editions Publisher
1975 Year of publication
Frankfurt Place of publication
Ed. Walter Person Editor
Slide 14_5b
Correct answer

Symphony no. 101 in F minor Title
Frederick Snerd Composer
Schnell Track title
EMU Classics 1234567 Publisher’s catalogue number
2005 Date published
EMU Records Publisher
Nar Nar Goon Philharmonic Performer
Orchestra
Slide 14_6c
Correct answer

Deconstructing Things: Inanimate Title
objects in literature
Jacques Rabbit, Katerina Fish, Belle Author(s)
Bird
Circle and Sons Ltd. Publisher
1996 Date published
New York, NY Place of publication
Slide 14_7b
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Correct answer

Linda Smith Creator(s)
www.archivids.com.au URL
The architecture of Rome Title
9 Aug 2013 Date published
Slide 14_8b
Correct answer

www.deptofthings.com.au URL
Department of Things Publisher
15th May 2015 Date
Procedures for the safe storage, Title
transport and handling of things
Slide 15d
Example:
Belief in the power of the mind to overcome cancer persists, likely influenced
by stories of patients who do recover from life threatening cancers. Ward
(1996) describes a breast cancer patient who was able to keep her malignant
tumour localised for seven years, before undergoing chemotherapy and
radiotherapy to finally destroy the cancer. During this time, she underwent
vibrational healing and oxygen therapy, took high doses of Vitamin C and
Vitamin B17 (Laetrile), and adopted a positive attitude toward life and living.
This may well be an example of the phenomenon Sarafino (1990) notes of
patients who appear to 'will away' cancer. However, the continued lack of
scientific evidence suggests that the explanation lies elsewhere.
Question:
Note how the writer has positioned her citations so that it is clear where her
own ideas begin and end. Click on the sentences which contain the writer’s
ideas.
Correct answer:
 Belief in the power of the mind to overcome cancer persists, likely

influenced by stories of patients who do recover from life threatening
cancers

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 However, the continued lack of scientific evidence suggests that the

explanation lies elsewhere.
Slide 16
Question:
I should always use original sources as my references.
True or False?
Feedback:
 True
That isn’t always the case if you rely on what appears in another
source. However if you are relying on a description of an original
source that appears in another source, where possible, you should find
and use the original source. Reading the original yourself shows that
you have been conscientious in your research - when you work directly
from the original source, you know that you are seeing a full and
accurate representation of what it says.
 False
Where possible, you should find and use the original source, instead of
relying on a description that appears in another source. Reading the
original yourself shows that you have been conscientious in your
research - when you work directly from the original source, you know
that you are seeing a full and accurate representation of what it says.
That isn’t always the case if you rely on what appears in another
source!

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How to cite and reference

Description: Banner image of an open textbook. Text and a Start button

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a text box containing the reference

Heading: Elements of a reference

Instruction caption: Click the images below to display the elements of a

Headings of clickable buttons [clicking a heading will display the sample

Monash University Library

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Swales, J. M. & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic writing for graduate students:

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Hutton, T. A. (2009). The geography of design in the city. In G. Rusten & J.

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2015). Regional Population Growth,

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a text box containing the reference

Heading: Elements of a reference - Multimedia

Instruction caption: Click the images below to display the elements of a

Headings of clickable buttons [clicking a heading will display the sample

Monash University Library

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Jones, R. (Producer) & Mohamed, H. (Presenter). (2017, April 11).

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria.

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

The Great Courses. (2017). Chemical Energy, Biomass, and Photosynthesis

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library

Description: screenshot includes text, a sample excerpt, four clickable

Heading: Check your understanding

Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation. (2003). Australia

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Monash University Library